Pediatric emergency medicine trisk 544
Bạn đang xem bản rút gọn của tài liệu. Xem và tải ngay bản đầy đủ của tài liệu tại đây (137.97 KB, 4 trang )
Laufer MR. Gynecologic pain: dysmenorrhea, acute and chronic pelvic pain,
endometriosis, and premenstrual syndrome. In: Emans SJ, Laufer MR,
Goldstein DP, eds. Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology . 6th ed. Philadelphia,
PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2012:238–271.
Ryan S. The treatment of dysmenorrhea. Pediatr Clin North Am 2017;64(2):331–
342.
Smorgick N, As-Sanie S. Pelvic pain in adolescents. Semin Reprod Med
2018;36(2):116–122.
Abnormal Uterine Bleeding
ACOG. Management of acute abnormal uterine bleeding in nonpregnant
reproductive-age women. Committee Opinion # 557, April 2013 (reaffirmed
2017).
Gray SH, Emans SJ. Abnormal vaginal bleeding in the adolescent. In: Emans SJ,
Laufer MR, Goldstein DP, eds. Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology . 6th ed.
Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2012:159–167.
James AH, Kouides PA, Abdul-Kadir R, et al. Evaluation and management of
acute menorrhagia in women with and without underlying bleeding disorders:
consensus from an international expert panel. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod
Biol 2011;158(2):124–134.
Nelson AL. Managing acute heavy menstrual bleeding. Contemporary OB/GYN
2014;59(1):30.
Lichen Sclerosus
Bercaw-Pratt JL, Boardman LA, Simms-Cendan JS. Clinical recommendation:
pediatric lichen sclerosus. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2014;27(2):111–116.
Dinh H, Purcell SM, Chung C, et al. Pediatric lichen sclerosus: a review of the
literature and management recommendations. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol
2016;9(9):49–54.
Congenital Vaginal Obstruction
Ameh EA, Mshelbwala PM, Ameh N. Congenital vaginal obstruction in neonates
and infants: recognition and management. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol
2011;24:74–78.
Bacon JL, Romano ME, Quint EH. Clinical recommendations: labial adhesions. J
Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2015;28(5):405–409.
Shaked O, Tepper R, Klein Z, et al. Hydrometrocolpos—diagnostic and
therapeutic dilemmas. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2008;21:317–321.
Urethral Prolapse
Alton TM, Brock GN, Yang D, et al. Retrospective review of intrauterine device
in adolescent and young women. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2012;25(3):195–
200.
American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Clinical challenges of
long-acting reversible contraceptive methods. Committee opinion no. 672.
Obstet Gynecol 2016;128(3):e69–e77.
Ber A, Seidman DS. Management of the malpositioned levonorgestrel-releasing
intrauterine system. Contraception 2012;85:369–373.
Berenson AB, Tan A, Hirth JM, et al. Complications and continuation of
intrauterine device use among commercially insured teenagers. Obstet Gynecol
2013;121(5):951–958.
Biskamp C, Kauffman RP. Arm flexion during ultrasound assists localization of
an intramuscular etonogestrel contraceptive. Contraception 2016;93(3):273–
275.
Boortz HE, Margolis DJ, Ragavendra N, et al. Migration of intrauterine devices
—Radiologic findings and implications for patient care. Radiographics
2012;32:335–352.
Darney P, Patel A, Rosen K, et al. Safety and efficacy of a single-rod etonogestrel
implant (Implanon): results from 11 international clinical trials. Fertil Steril
2009;91(5):1646–1653.
Emans SJ. Vulvovaginal problems in the prepubertal child. In: Emans SJ, Laufer
MR, Goldstein DP, eds. Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology . 6th ed.
Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2012:42–59.
Helneman K, Reed S, Moehner S, et al. Risk of uterine perforation with
levonorgestrel-releasing and copper intrauterine devices in the European active
surveillance study on intrauterine devices. Contraception 2015;91(4):274–279.
Kaislasuo J, Suhonen S, Gissler M, et al. Intrauterine contraception: incidence
and factors associated with uterine perforation—a population-based study.
Hum Reprod 2012;27(9):2658–2663.
Meirik O, Brache V, Orawan K, et al; WHO Study Group on Contraceptive
Implants for Women. A multicenter randomized clinical trial of one-rod
etonogestrel and two-rod levonorgestrel contraceptive implants with
nonrandomized copper-IUD controls: methodology and insertion data.
Contraception 2013;87(1):113–120.
Nowitzke KM, Hoimes ML, Chen B, et al. Ultrasonography of intrauterine
devices. Ultrasonography 2015;34(3):183–194.
Rome ES. Vulvovaginitis and other common vulvar disorders in children. Endocr
Dev 2012;22:72–83.
Van Eyk N, Allen L, Giesbrecht E, et al. Pediatric vulvovaginal disorders: a
diagnostic approach and review of the literature. J Obstet Gynaecol Can
2009;31(9):850–862.
CHAPTER 93 ■ HEMATOLOGIC EMERGENCIES
STACY E. CROTEAU, ERIC W. FLEEGLER, MARISA B. BRETT-FLEEGLER
GOALS OF EMERGENCY THERAPY
The management of pediatric hematologic emergencies is directed toward immediate
stabilization of the acutely ill patient to prevent morbidity and mortality related to severe
anemia, infection, bleeding, and thrombosis. Profound anemia requires simultaneous
hemodynamic stabilization and elucidation of the underlying etiology. Patients at risk
for infection and sepsis, such as neutropenic or asplenic patients, require prompt
attention; quality metrics focus on time to initiation of antibiotic therapy for these
patients. Significant hematologic findings of unknown etiology require thorough
evaluation, especially where necessary therapies may obscure the underlying diagnosis
or impede later diagnostic testing.
Hematologic emergencies arise in children who have been previously well, who have
known blood disorders, or who have systemic disease. Initial measures of support,
diagnosis, and treatment are based on general principles that often do not require a
definitive diagnosis to initiate management.
KEY POINTS
