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&
'()π*π+,-%
.
'(π),+-%
(
'.)π*π+,-%

'.π),+/012%!3"#
456/

+.7)8
ππ
+=

, 
+.7).8
ππ
+=

,

+.7)8
ππ
+=

, 
+7)8
ππ
−=



,
9%:,5;<=
05>?%;!!/05!!/
05@%;!!/05!A!!/
B! C:$
D "2"E>F/D G"2",F":/
D ,HIJ5/D JKF;/
L#,!MGNG,O4;6!2< P>!/
Q!M"!;O4/Q!,A!;/
Q!!RS!;/Q!J5;/
05O"J5
@ HJH">T,J<>U"M!V>M3U!/
MWHJH"">TM,N>,J;>M3U!/
@ HJH">T>,J;MX! /
@ HJH">TM!VMX!MA!/
Y;,;ZD "[\E2@,],AU/^J,G,"<
ZDK
Z^
'&__π)`+
^D
')&__πa+)`+/L#,MGWU
ZD
/

ZD
 . .)&__ +`
= π

ZD

 . &__  `
(
π
 
= π +
 ÷
 

ZD
 . &__  `
(
π
 
= π +
 ÷
 

ZD
 . &__  `
(
π
 
= π −
 ÷
 
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cFJMG;"d"O2/
` 6"FT 6d"O2/
9,E2NJ, e_


/
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&
\9
.
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 .,/L"<9
&
9
.
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&7π)0+
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a8
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a8
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a8
k
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G,5PJ,J$
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LC:E2@6n$

LCE,%2<,;/n2<O!:,#2o,/
pE2"5O/qF >F>C/
KMX80h/LA:Gd3"C J%
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uO4;:];!%;MU5:;!/
 †2<!P5N"M[,O4;!%;,O4;:]/
uO4J<]MU5!/
uO4J<]MU5:;!/
 YE2J12> IUI6,>J5>F4
/
 L",>#JF G,,[ IMX(UI/
 LUIIR>J6I
 L",>€JF .G,,[ MXUI/
 YI6,IR>6I/
 DPŒ> :;,!2M/
 JW/ WJFJ"F/
 @,JFJ"F/ "FJ,,E,/
 L"6JAJ%NX,\3E2J12=
YJKJMXJ>y/L]M</
i JKJF>!>F/
i6MXKMU;6J%/
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 D!O\…ŽE\SM3 "<(___
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 L!]J!]4M:6;/
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  
π
π
= +

_\) +) +
(
  
π
π
= +

"A >J5, GO2%O&"]X,\>@!d"]O2
U"PE,'&8,/,HO!C6K"]O2Jq'_\_(>,
.
\J:2'&_,7
.
/`
TK>€L'&K!]6"PJQJ56"AJ/
&> _\em> &\.> _\fe>
^<6J_\8,\J2J,\PJ?J;/
ny">€<\#,WKJ2%'_\.8,/

8
(
π

.
π

l
π

8
l
π
 L"2GxS;J5KE2;!"3G;
_
(
.

π

ω ϕ
+ =
/
piiJi
,/^U"#
6  & J 
&
m ( ) +
l
 
π
ω
= +
 "#   45 
&l ( ) +
l
  
π
ω
= −
/
w"#6.J/

.
.) +) +
(
  
π
ω
= −


.
.) +) +
l
  
π
ω
= −

.
m) +) +
l
  
π
ω
= +

.
m) +) +
(
  
π
ω
= +
L"<,N":"\M4\,P K"#
8) +
.
 
π
π

= +
/
!4"<,NKtU!,NMXSK!NW_\8)+,
J/Q O!„:2!/
Z/ uKM<8,U"%/
^/ YW2</
D/ uKM<8,J;/
u/ u;,3"C%!3KM<8,/
Page &_
  5,F@M["#
_
 . ) +

  
π
λ
= −
" %\25MX,\
MX/`;6,†b,F":J U/

_


π
λ
=

_

λ π

=

_
. 
λ π
=

_
.

π
λ
=
!L",M! E•JU,‡\",JP‘/•L‘•L",‘J
 UNC6E,/
Y6E, E,A6E, Y6E, tIJ56E,
"`K d\%yE2J/
Z/ Q@!SMM] J<UJ,MK /
^/ 0b[M] J<U/
D/ YG  d"<5E2K,J? ,JM] 6E2J
). &+

 
λ
= +
/
u/ i 456 >U5/
#toH\o]E,U=
Z/ toH]o>F]/
^/ toH>F]o]/

D/ D?]6E,/
u/ D?>F]6E,/
0>U5!&l, >€L'_\./`"2 ",F
"J_,7/9;">@9
&
\9
.
J/
 f .  (
Q  d"<E2Z^#:2"<E2 f?)Z\^J?+/L J.0h/`K
E2Z^"2 "<\,"<E2 8?)Z\^J?+#@J/
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l_

 &__

N_

l_

N&_

8

Nm_


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&
) +
π

&
) +
m
 
π
=
/YG
O,;JK:@,A<,]D•K012P!"36D!
,A/
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&
} ) +
.
 
π
=
,A/ 
&
} ) +
&_
 
π
=
,A


&
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.
 
π
=
,AU 
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&_
 
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,AU
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E2,; F:
 _\m
ϕ
=
/RJIJ5,:,!"<E2
>FO!&_•#"[6E2@ !"3/

l\) +
≤ Ω

(\.) +
≤ Ω

l) +
≤ Ω

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(.) + 
≤ Ω
 0U;,;J
(&_&__ ) +  
π
=
/L;G,:\
U !"3&88`=

&
) +
l__


&
) +
(__


&
) +
&8_


&
) +
l_

!YK;,;cDyU#/

Z/ D"Š!& 

π
^/ D!& 

π
D/ DJFK!
u/ DJF!
"L";,;,"[c&E2@,i,AU/tU@,
6#%yE2J/
D]",;I/YJS!@,
0F:@,/ DF:<]6,;I
#Q>FMM;\%yE2J12/
Z/ L6d"O2MX6/
^/ L6d"O2MX(J6/
Page &.
D/ `O26"FJKO26d"/
u/ `O26"FMXO26d"/
D,!‡d,…E2 "Pd>F>C,K#,
!„U=
Z/ QFM3!A#K>FŽ/
^/ DRM3!A\U"P%< ,NK/
D/ iFM3!A/
u/ QFM3!A#K>F #JI>C/
:>C ,NJMXŽ M!>Cc'&_,\MUU:6Ž
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'&\e8

'&\8&_/L#,>@!S!<G,6:

>CK!!TC,/
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 L"C,qE!!\>H5UM[!! MK 
_\f8 
λ µ
=
\MU>@!S>HJ'&\8,,\>@!d.>HU,J
u'.,/D M<E!O!5"<" M"i'.&,,/
&m &e .( .&
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t9!.MW%;A
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&
λ
EW(6
.
λ
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.
λ

)MU
.
λ
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λ
+

.
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λ µ
=


.
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λ µ
=

.
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λ µ
=
 u/
.
_\8_ 
λ µ
=
DPE"!E/
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Z/ {4;6,†2< CN""<2< /
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Z/ L;! !"/
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D/ L!]4M:6;J!]/
u/ L; T/&_
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w!MGE2J?>  =

Z/ tSG,!,MK #/
^/ tSG,X,"<"2 !,2<JMK #
/
D/ tSG,!bMK #5/
u/ tSG,!,2<J‰bMK #5/
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Z/ E,/,W!!E,/
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L"C,qE)v+!!\5>@!A:
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K,NxE!6 UO6JI>C!,N2.,/DU:6JI
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'&\8_KC,J

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Z/ l\.m,,/&.\8f,,/e\(_,,/&8\.,,/
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Z/ ^'(^
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Z/ HJH"MW">TM,N>,J;>M3>,J;/
^/ HJH"MW">TM,N>,J;>>,J;M3 /
D/ HJH"MW">T2<b>2<b;,K2<b>!/
u/ HJH"MW">TM,N>,J;>U!!C5M,N>,J;/
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05:]!! 05!!
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MW%; d T"[6E2V
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f0h80h.\0h &0h
p6RJK
`^#M< Li
0US,;,;J'8_&__π)`+\;2O
,; J'8_)&__π*π7(+)Z+/; <],F:J
.8__&.8_l.8~ (&8\8~
t2<A;6,!2MUU"<5$
[d @,Wd @,d"Š
L"C,v!!\>!! MK l__,#U,
5&.E!"<,;6,@[M<@E!"E,/tU!! MK 
__,#E!O!5"<; J
.&m &8 &_
L"C,v!!\>@!S>HJ&,,\>@!d

>HU,J&,\!!5 MK l8_,/Q@!SEWME
!MI,)[,M<KE!"E,+J
_\l8,,&\l(,\mm,, (\.8,,
 JAJ%"HxW\>EMXJ%1,;l\.8,\'π
.
,7
.
/D>#
6JA JM<E2=
.\8m_ &\.8/&_
a.
_\8
!iC2Ud6%œHJJ"X"!! J"26
!Ha"!Ha@,WdF K
!Ha@,Wd
!Ha"
!Ha"!Ha@,WdK
"w"#MGŠ  ;$2
&
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.
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.
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+/^<
 456?J
Z'
.
.
π

Z'
+

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+
Z'.

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.
π
#;ciD i'&.\8,0\D'8__ƒk\c'&l_Ω/L[6,;JM<0h=
__7).s+&__7).s+.s7(__.s7l__
L",;iD\C;"<]J{/QIJ5"MX
IJ5d"#C"<]JM<=
{{7
(
{7. {7
.
DU!!,N,:,J# HJH"M"`J @J$
>,J;>,J;>,,F:S
Y;,;,,"[UKE2@,/F>U) "[":JK+,A
S"[#Rm_`\,ASE2#RJl_`/9RF>UJM<>
,AS;,;"<=
&__`&_._` m_`
Y;J5KE2>F W2<J=
i7c&7
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D?MU<Js7.
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Z^JM<,,=
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!05!!WT$
M@:;6!!M@: 6HJH"
M@:;6HJH"M@: 6!!
";ci,AU ”
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#9!,WIJ56,2<b!;"O4!%;6
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4:]62<b =
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0WOWT$
M@: 6HJH"M@: 6!!
M@:;6HJH"M@:;6!!
w"#KE2,F@ M<&_,>#_\f=
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&7(&7.&7l &7
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E2J?=
L;G,.J6JE,/&.
L;G,(6JE,/_(
L;G,&J6 GNE,/

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6  J/
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Page .8

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