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Tenses ( Thời của động từ)

I/ Present Simple (Hiện tại đơn)

1. Form
a. Khẳng định

- I, you, we , they + V

- He, she , it + V+s / V+es
* Notes :

- Các động từ kết thúc là sh, ch, ss, o, x thì sang ngơi he, she , it thêm es

Eg : I wash  He washes
I watch  He watches
I go  He goes
I miss  He misses

- Sau các phụ âm k, p, t s đợc đọc là /s/
- Sau các trờng hợp còn lại s đợc đọc là /z/

- Sau các phụ âm sh, ch, ss, x đuôi es đợc đọc là iz

- Những động từ tận cùng là phụ âm + y thì sang ngơi he, she, it y đổi thành i trớc khi thêm es.

Eg : I study  He studies

- Những động từ tận cùng là nguyên âm + y, biến đổi bình thờng khi sang ngơi he, she, it.
Eg: I play, he plays ....

b. Phủ định

- I, we, you, they don't + V
- He, she , it doesn't + V

c. Nghi vÊn

- Do I / you/ we / they + V ?
- Does he/ she/ it + V ?

2. The use.

a. Diễn tả mức độ thờng xuyên diễn ra của hành động ở hiện tại. Thờng đi với

always, usually,

often , sometimes, occasionally (thỉnh thoảng), rarely, seldom (hiếm khi), never,

everyday, every week....

once

twice / 2 times
3 times

a week/ a month/year ....

mét lÇn

hai lÇn một tuần/ một tháng/ một năm ...
ba lần

Eg : - He usually goes to the cinema.
- We clean our house everyday.

- Lan washes clothes twice a week.

b. Diễn tả điều luôn luôn đúng (sự thật), hoặc đã đúng trong một khoảng thời gian dài.

Eg : - Some animals don't eat during winter. ( Một vài loài động vật không ăn vào mùa đông)
- We are Vietnamese. We speak Vietnamese.

- He works in a bank.

Exercise 1: Chia động từ trong ngoặc:

1. They (go) on holiday every winter.
2. The days (be) longer in summer.
3. She often (talk) to herself.
4. Oak trees (grow) very slowly.
5 My dog (not eat) vegetables.
6. My brother (not like) animals.

7. Most people (not like) to visit a doctor.

8. In his job she usually (stand) .

9. My brother never (go) out in the evening.
10. He usually (work) with paints and brushes.
11. Do you know anyone who (speak) Italian?
12. At work he usually (sit) all day.

13. (you ever work) at the weekend?

Exercise 2: Đọc đoạn văn sau, dùng từ gợi ý đặt câu hỏi và trả lời

Hans Huser is a ski-instructor. He is Swiss and he lives in Villars, a village in the mountains. In
summer he works in a sports shop and in winter he teaches skiing. He speaks 4 languages :
French, German, Italian and English. He is married and has two children. He plays football with
them in his free time. He's happy with his family.

1/ What / Hans Huser / do ?
2/ Where/ he / come / from ?
3/ he / live / city ?

4/ Where / he / work / summer ?
5/ What / do / winter ?

6/ How many languages / he / speak ?
7/ he / single ?

8/ How many children / he / have ?
9/ What / he / do / free time ?
10/ he / happy / family ?

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Alan is a lorry -driver. He's 25 years ... He works five days ... week. Every morning he gets
up at 6 o'clock. He eats ... enormous breakfast at 6.30. He ... two cups of tea. Then he
kisses ... wife. He leaves for work at 7.30. He ... lunch in a transport cafe. He ... home at 5

o'clock. In the evening he goes to the pub. He goes to ... at 10.30.
1/ What / Alan / do ?

2/ How many days / week / he work ?
3/ What time / he get up ?

4/ he / drink coffee / morning ?
5/ What time he / leave / work ?
6/ Where / he / have lunch ?
7/ he / go cinema / evening ?

II/ Present Continuous (HiƯn t¹i tiÕp diƠn)

1. Form
a. Khẳng định

I am

You/ We/ They are + V-ing
He/ she/ it is

b. Phủ định

S + to be + not + V-ing

c. Nghi vÊn

To be + S + V-ing ?
*Notes :

- Những động từ kết thúc là một nguyên âm e, trớc khi thêm ing ta bỏ e.

Eg : have  having
write  writing

- Những động từ 1 âm tiết, 1 nguyên âm, kết thúc là một phụ âm, trớc khi thêm ing ta gấp đôi phụ

âm cuối.

Eg : - sit  sitting

- swim  swimming

- Các động từ: die, lie, tie ... biến đổi nh sau:
die  dying, lie  lying, tie  tying

2. The use

a. Diễn tả hành động đang diễn ra ở hiện tại, thờng đi với at the moment, at present, now ( bây
giờ , vào lúc này )

Eg : - I'm cooking at the moment.

b. Diễn tả hành động tơng lai đã đợc sắp xếp sẵn

He is meeting his brother at the station tonight.
(Anh ta sẽ đón anh trai ở nhà ga vào tối nay.)

c. Thời hiện tại TD đi với always khi ta muốn phàn nàn về một hành động lặp đi lặp lại.

Eg : He's always losing his keys. (Anh ta cứ luôn đánh mất chìa khóa)

* Notes : Một số động từ khơng thờng dùng ở dạng tiếp diễn : be, understand, think (cho rằng),
know, hear, love, like , stop , feel, smell, taste, sound ....

Exercise 1: Chia động từ trong ngoặc:
1. What's that noise? Somebody (practise) the piano.

2. She (have) a shower at the moment.
3. Right now she (run) down a hill.

4. I'm looking at that woman, she (wear) a nice dress.
5. 'Where is Kate?' 'She (watch) TV in the living room.'
6. Don't bother me now. I ______________. (to work)
7. Take an umbrella. It ______________.(to rain)
8. - Where's Jim?

- He ______________ with friends.(to stay)

Exercise 2: Đọc đoạn văn sau, dùng từ gợi ý đặt câu hỏi và trả lời

It's a Sunday morning. The sun is shining. Mary is watching TV in her room. Her father is reading
newspapers. Her mother is cooking in the kitchen. Mary has got a dog. It is playing with a cat in
the garden. It's a nice dog and Mary loves it very much.

1/ sun / shine ?

2/ What Mary / do / now ?
3/ father / read / newspapers ?
4/ What / mother / do ?
5/ What / dog / do ?
6/ Mary / love / dog ?

Exercise 3: Đọc lá th sau dùng từ gợi ý đặt câu hỏi và trả lời
Dear Tom,

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Tomorrow I'm going to the Trade Exhibition in the city centre. Well, let me stop now, Give my

love to everyone.

Love,
Susan

1. Where / Susan / stay ?
2. Where / she / go / morning ?
3. What / she / do / evening ?
4. What / she / do / at the moment ?

Exercise 4: Chia động từ trong ngoặc ở đúng thời
1/ Hello, this is Dr Smith's office. Who (speak) ?

2/ Hurry up ! The train (come).

3/ It is a lovely day. The sun (shine) and the birds (sing).
4/ The Earth (go) round the Sun.

5/ Some animals (not eat) during the winter.
6/ - What Oanh (do) at the moment ?

- She (cook). She usually (cook) dinner for her family.
7/ In the evening he often (play) chess with his door neighbour.
8/ They (build) a new hospital in my town now.

9/ My father always (have) a rest after lunch.
10/ She's very lazy. She never (wash) the floor.

11/ Look at those boys ! They (hurry) home after school.
12/ Your mother usually (catch) the 8.10 bus ?

13/ Your sister (wait) for her friend at the station now?
14/ He usually (smile) at his wife when he (come) home.
15/ - Mrs Lan (use) the computer now ?

- Yes, she usually (use) it for her work.
16/ Minh sometimes (miss) his bus.

17/ My uncle often (watch) TV in the evening. But right now he (write) a letter .
18/- They (have) breakfast now ? - No, they (sleep)

19/ My father always (relax) at the weekend.
20/ You can't see Tom now. He (have) a bath.

21/ Tom can't have the newspaper now because his aunt (read) it.
22/ I'm busy at the moment. I (redecorate) the room.

23/ The kettle (boil) now. Shall I make the tea ?

24/ I don't want to go out now because it (rain) and I (not have) an umbrella.

III/ Simple Past (Quá khứ đơn)
1. Form

a. Khẳng định

- §éng tõ cã qui t¾c : V-ed
Eg : - work  worked
- clean  cleaned
* Notes :

- Những động từ một âm tiết, một nguyên âm, kết thúc là một phụ âm thì trớc khi thêm ed ta gấp
đôi phụ âm cuối.

Eg : -stop  stopped
- drop  dropped

- Những động từ kết thúc là phụ âm + y , trớc khi thêm ed ta đổi y thành i.

Eg : - study - studied

- Những động từ kết thúc là nguyên âm + y, biến đổi bình thờng.
Eg: - play - played

- Những động từ kết thúc là e thì chỉ thêm d :
Eg : - arrive  arrived

*Cách đọc đuôi ed :

- Đuôi ed đợc đọc là /id/ khi đứng sau t và d :
Eg : wanted needed

- Đuôi ed đợc đọc là / t / khi đứng sau k, p, sh, ch, ss, x

Eg : - stopped, washed, watched, missed, fixed, cooked ...
- Đuôi ed đợc đọc là d sau các trờng hợp cịn lại

- §éng tõ bÊt qui t¾c : - see  saw
- get  got
- do  did

- have  had
- be  was / were

b.Phủ định : S + didn't + V

c. Nghi vÊn : Did + S + V ?

2. The use

* Thời quá khứ đơn diễn tả hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ có thời điểm rõ ràng :
- yesterday

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week ( tn tríc )
month ( th¸ng tríc )
year ( năm trớc )

- 2 ... days ago (hai ... ngày/ tuần .... trớc ®©y)
weeks

Eg: - We played football yesterday.

* Đi với when trong câu hỏi về hành động trong quá khứ

Eg : - When did you see him ?
- I saw him this morning.

Exercise : Chia động từ trong ngoặc ở đúng thời
1/ Minh (be) very tired when I (see) him yesterday.

2/ My father usually (work) 8 hours a day, but yesterday he (start) at 9.00 a.m and (finish) at 9.00

p.m.

3/ It usually (rain) a lot in summer but it (rain) a little last summer.
4/ -When John (leave) home ? -He (leave) 5 minutes ago.

5/ What you (do) last Sunday ?
- I (have) a holiday in New York.

Exercise : Đọc đoạn văn sau, dùng từ gợi ý đặt câu hỏi và trả lời

Last year David went to Barcelona for his holiday. He went by air and stayed in a big hotel in the
city centre. He stayed there for 5 days. When he was there, he visited many beautiful places in
Barcelona. He took many photographs and bought a lot of souvenirs for his friends. He enjoyed
the holiday very much.

1/ When / David / go / Barcelona ?
2/ How long / stay ?

3/ How / he / go / Barcelona?
4/ Where / he / stay ?

5/ he / take / a lot / photographs ?
6/ What / he / buy ?

IV/ Past Continuous (Qu¸ khø tiÕp diƠn)
1. Form

a. Khẳng định : S + was + V-ing
were

b. Phủ định: S + wasn't + V-ing
weren't

c. Nghi vÊn : Was + S + V-ing ?
Were

2. The use

a. Diễn tả hành động đang diễn ra tại một thời điểm trong quá khứ. Thờng đi với at 2 o'clock /
at this time ... yesterday (Vào lúc 2 giờ / thời điểm ... này ngày hôm qua )
Eg : - They were swimming at 8 a.m yesterday.

b. Diễn tả hành động đang diễn ra trong quá khứ thì có một hành động khác (thời q khứ đơn) 
xảy tới. Trong các câu này thờng có While , As (Trong khi), When (Khi, trong khi)

Eg : - While I was going home, I saw an accident. (Tôi thấy tai nạn trong khi đang về nhà)
As

When

- Mai was cooking when I came. (Khi tôi đến Mai đang nấu nớng)
- When I came Mai was cooking.

c. §i víi all yesterday morning....

Eg : - They were dancing all yesterday morning. (Họ khiêu vũ cả buổi sáng)

d. While c sử dụng trong câu có 2 hành động ở thời quá khứ tiếp diễn

Eg : While I was reading, my sister was listening to music.

( Trong khi tôi đang đọc sách thì chị tơi lại nghe nhạc)

Exercise : Chia động từ trong ngoặc ở đúng thời
1/ When I (arrive) at his house, he still (sleep) .

2/ The light (go) out while we (have) dinner.
3/ The last time I (see) him, he (wear) a grey suit.
4/ Just as I (leave) , a student (stop) me in the hall
5/ Nam (play) football when he (break) his leg.

6/ We (drink) a lot of beer at the party the day before yesterday.
7/ They (build) a new bridge when I was there 2 months ago.
8/ He (sit) in a cafe when I saw him.

9/ My company (make) a lot of profits 5 years ago.
10/ What you (do) when I phoned you on Monday ?

11/ While the two thieves (argue), someone (steal) their car.

12/ When he was a boy at school, Edison (ask) a lot of questions. The teacher (think) he was
stupid and she (send) him home. Edison's mother (teach) her son at home and he (begin) to carry
out a lot of experiments.

13/ - You (visit) the zoo yesterday ?

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14/ Who (invent) the radio ?

V/ Present Perfect (Hiện tại hoàn thành)
1. Form

a. Khẳng định : I / you / we / they + have + PII
He / she / it + has

b. Phủ định : S + haven't + PII
hasn't

c. Nghi vÊn : Have + S + PII ?
Has

* PII : Ph©n tõ 2 (phân từ quá khứ):

- L dng quỏ kh đơn của động từ có qui tắc.
- Động từ bất qui tắc :

Eg : - go - went - gone
- do - did - done

2. The use

a. Diễn tả hành động vừa mới xảy ra, đi với just

Eg : - I've just cleaned my house. (Tôi vừa mới lau nhà)

b. Diễn tả hành động đã xảy ra trong quá khứ nhng không nhắc tới thời điểm xảy ra của hành 
động.

Eg : - I've lost my key. (Tôi đã bị mất chìa khóa)

Khác với câu I lost my key yesterday. (Tơi đã mất chìa khóa hôm qua )

c.Diễn tả hành động đã diễn ra trong khoảng thời gian vẫn còn là hiện tại today, this week / 
month...

Eg : - Have you seen Lan today ?
- No, I haven't.

- There have been 3 accidents here this month. (ĐÃ có 3 tai nạn ở đây vào tháng này)

d. Din t hnh ng ó xy ra trong quá khứ nhng thời điểm không rõ ràng, đi với already (đã 
rồi), recently, lately (gần đây), before (trớc kia).

Eg : - He's already done his homework.

- I've seen this film 3 times before. (Tôi đã 3 lần xem bộ phim này trớc đây)

e. Dùng với yet (cha, vẫn cha) trong câu hỏi và câu phủ định.
Eg : - Have you met your new teacher yet ?

- No, we haven't met her yet.

f. Diễn tả hành động bắt đầu trong quá khứ và kéo dài đến hiện tại , đi với since, for, up to now , 
so far (cho tới bây giờ),

- for + kho¶ng thêi gian

Eg : - My brother has been a doctor for ten years now. (Anh tôi đã là bác sĩ đợc 10 năm)

- since + mèc thêi gian

Eg : - We haven't met each other since we left school. (Chúng tôi đã không gặp nhau kể từ khi

chúng tôi ra trờng )

-Up to now / So far we have visited 3 countries in the world. (Cho tới bây giờ chúng tôi đã thăm 3
nớc trên thế giới.)

g. Thời hiện tại hoàn thành dùng với ever (đã từng), never (cha bao giờ)
- ever đi với câu hỏi và câu khẳng định

Eg : - Have you ever read this book ? ( Cậu đã từng đọc cuốn sách này cha ?)
-No, I've never read it. (Tôi cha bao giờ đọc nó)

- This is the most interesting film I've ever seen.( Đây là bộ phim hay nhất mà tơi đã từng xem)

h. Thêi hiƯn tại hoàn thành dùng với

in the past 2/ 3 .... years/ months .... ( Trong 2/3 tháng/ năm qua) .
 for last

Eg : -There have been a lot of changes in our town in the last 2 years. (Đã có nhiều đổi thay ở thị
trấn chúng tụi trong 2 nm qua)

i. Thời hiện tại hoàn thành dïng víi This is the first, second, third ... time ( Đây là lần đầu tiên,
lần thứ hai ...)

Eg : - This is the first time I've tasted this food. (Đây là lần đầu tiên tôi đợc nếm món ăn này)
= I've never tasted this food before. (Trớc đây tơi cha bao giờ ăn món này)

k. Thêi hiện tại hoàn thành dùng với 
 ages

for months (đã lâu rồi)
 a long time

Eg : - I haven't seen my sister for ages. (ĐÃ lâu rồi tôi không gặp chị gái tôi)

= It's ages since I last saw my sister. (Đã lâu rồi kể từ lần cuối cùng tôi gặp chị gái tôi)
Exercise : Chia động từ trong ngoặc ở đúng thời

1/ My wife and I (be) there several times in the past.
2/ We (study) almost every lesson in this book so far.
3/ He (visit) his friends recently.

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6/ They never (go) to the cinema in their life.

7/ Tom, I (not see) you for ages ! Where have you been ?
8/ He is the most kind-hearted man I ever (meet).

9/ There (be) 3 accidents on this street in the past 3 days.
10/ Is this the first time you (visit) our beautiful country ?

11/ Scientists (find) cures for many illnesses in the last 50 years.
12/ My uncle's health (improve) since he (leave) India.

13/ I (buy) a new shirt last week but I (not wear) it yet.
14/ I (not see ) Lan since we (leave) school.

15/ We just (move) to a new house but we (be) dissatisfied with it.

VI/ Present Perfect Continuous (Hiện tại hoàn thành tiÕp diÔn)
1. Form

a. Khẳng định : S + have/ has + been + V-ing

b. Phủ định : S + haven't / hasn't + been + V-ing

c. Nghi vÊn : Have / Has + S + been + V-ing ?

2. The use

a. Thời hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn diễn tả hành động bắt đầu từ trong quá khứ kéo dài liên tục 
cho tới hiện tại và vừa chấm dứt ở đó .

Eg : - He's very tired now. He has been walking for 2 hours. (Bây giờ anh ấy rất mệt. Anh ấy đã đi
bộ 2 tiếng đồng hồ)

b. Thời hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn diễn tả hành động bắt đầu từ trong quá khứ kéo dài liên tục 
cho tới hiện tại và còn diễn ra trong tơng lai.

- I've been waiting for my friend since 2 o'clock. He hasn't arrived yet. (Tôi đã đợi bạn từ lúc 2
giờ. Cậu ấy vẫn cha đến)

c. Thời hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn dùng vớ câu hỏi How long, Since when
Eg : - How long have you been living here ? (Anh đã sống ở đây đợc bao lâu rồi ?)

- I've been living here for 12 years. = I started living here 12 years ago. (Tôi bắt đầu sống ở
đây 12 năm trớc đây.)

Exercise 1: Chia ng t trong ngoc đúng thời
1/ - How long you (learn) English ?

- I (learn) English for 5 years.

2/ - Where is Peter ? - He (be) in his room. He (sleep). He (sleep) since 2 o'clock.
3/ They (live) here for 20 years now.

4/ Look ! Her eyes are red and wet. She (cry).
5/ The boy is tired. He (run) for two hours.
6/ You look tired! Yes I (work) _____very hard.

7/ Where's the magazine I gave you? What (you do) _____________________ with it?
8/ We (have) ____ the same car for twelve years.

9/ This room was white. Now it is blue. He (paint) _____________________ it.

10/ This is the first time I (drive) _____________ a car. Thanks for lending me your car.
11/ These shoes are nice and clean. (you clean) _____________________ them?

12/ Sorry I'm late. (you wait) __________ long?

13/ Somebody (steal) _____________________ my keys. They are not on the table.
14/ Mary is still watching TV. She (watch) _____________________ TV all day.
15/ Look! Somebody (spill) ______________ wine on the floor.

VII/ Past Perfect (Quá khứ hoàn thành)
1. Form

a. Khng nh : S + had + PII
b. Phủ định : S + hadn't + PII
c. Nghi vấn : Had + S + PII ?

2. The use

* Thời quá khứ hoàn thành diễn tả hành động xảy ra trớc một hành động quá khứ hoặc một thời 
điểm quá khứ khác . Thờng đi với after, before, when, by the time (cho tới khi), as soon as ( ngay 
sau khi)

Eg : - After he had done his homework, he went to the cinema. ( Sau khi nã lµm xong bài tập, nó
đi xem phim.) = Before he went to the cinema, he had done his homework.

- When I got there, they had gone home. (Khi mà tơi tới đó, họ đã về nhà rồi.)
- When he had sung his song, he sat down. (Khi anh ta hát xong, anh ta ngồi xuống)

- By the time we got to the station, the train had already left. ( Cho tới khi chúng tôi tới ga, tàu
đã chạy rồi)

Exercise : Chia động từ trong ngoặc ở đúng thời
1/ After her husband (get) home, she started to wash the clothes.

2/ When they reached France, they (visit) 13 countries.

3/ When she (arrive) at his house, she (find) that he (leave) a few minutes before.
4/ Before Mr Ron met me, he (do) nothing.

5/ Yesterday I was sorry that I (hurt) him.

6/ They (tell) her that they (not meet ) her before.
7/ When she (realise) her mistakes, she apologised.

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VIII/ Thời tơng lai đơn (will/ shall)
1. Form

a. Khẳng định S + will / shall + V

b. Phủ định S + won't / shan't + V

c. C©u hái Will/ Shall + S + V ?

* Notes : - Will đợc dùng với tất cả các ngôi. Shall thờng dùng với ngôi I , we.

2. The use : - Thời tơng lai đơn diễn tả hành động tơng lai đơn thuần.

Eg : - I'll do it tomorow. (I'll = I will) ( Tôi sẽ làm việc này vào ngày mai)
- He'll come here soon. (Ch¼ng mấy chốc nó sẽ tới đây)

- Our exam will be in two weeks. (Kú thi cđa chóng t«i sÏ diƠn ra trong 2 tuần nữa)
- They won't help you.

- Will you buy it ?
- Yes, I will/ No, I won't.

* Will còn đợc sử dụng trong lời yêu cầu, lời mời
 Eg : - Will you please get it for me ? (Yêu cầu)
- Yes, certainly/ OK / of course.

- Will you come to my party ? (Lời mời)
* Will đợc sử dụng khi đa ra lời hứa

Eg : - I will pay you tomorrow. ( T«i sẽ trả cậu vào ngày mai)

* Shall c s dng trong lời gợi ý

Eg : - Shall we go to the zoo this afternoon ? ( ChiỊu nay chóng ta ®i vên thó chø ?)

* Shall đợc dùng trong lời đề nghị giúp đỡ

Eg : - Shall I do it for you ? ( Để tôi giúp cậu nhé)

IX/ Thời tơng lai gần, tơng lai dự định (Be going to)
1. Form

a. Khẳng định S + be going to + V

b. Phủ định S + be + not + going to + V

c. Nghi vÊn Be + S + going to + V ?

- Are you going to work in France next month ? - Yes, I am / No, I'm not.

2. The use

a. Diễn tả hành động tơng lai đã lên kế hoạch từ trớc.

Eg : - He's going to get married next month.(Anh ấy sẽ cới vợ vào th¸ng sau)

b.Diễn tả hành động sắp xảy ra trong tơng lai gần

.Eg : - Look at those clouds ! It's going to rain. (Nhìn những đám mây kìa ! Trời sắp ma đấy !)

* So s¸nh Will vµ Be going to

- Be going to chỉ hành động tơng lai có dự định.

Eg : - I'm going to England for my holiday next week.
- Will chỉ hành động tơng lai bất chợt, khơng đợc dự tính từ trớc.

Eg : - Our teacher is ill. (Thầy giáo bị ốm đấy)

- Is he ? I'll visit him this afternoon (Thế à ? Chiều nay tớ sẽ thăm thầy. )
Exercise 1: Chia động từ trong ngoặc ở đúng thời
1/ - Hai has just been taken to hospital with a broken leg.

- I'm sorry to hear that. I (visit) him.
2/ Look at those clouds. It (rain).

3/ What are you going to do with that dress ?
- I (shorten) it.

4/ I've hired a typerwriter and I (learn) to type.
5/ Listen to this ! I think this news (surprise) you.

6/ Tom, when you (get) married, this month or next month ?
7/ - What you (do) next week ? - I (visit) my grandparents.

Exercise for Revision : Chia động từ trong ngoặc ở đúng thời

1/ Roy (come) from New York. He (live) in California now. He (study) marketing. He has earned a
lot of money and just (buy) a car. He (drive) his car to his friend in the countryside yesterday.
While he (drive) there, he (see) a train accident....

2/ Mr Baker (work) as an engineer. He (be) an engineer since 1985. He (have) 2 children. They

(study) abroad now.

3/ I never (meet) anyone famous yet. Have you ?

- Yes, I (have). I (meet) Elton John in New York in 1988 and we (talk) to each other a lot.

4/ In the evening I often (play) chess with my door neighbour. I (play) chess with him ever since I
(come) to live here ten years ago. He (be) here all his life. He (inherit) the house from his father,
another great chess player.

5/ Alice (be) 18 years old and she (come) from England. She is now in Hanoi and (study)
Vietnamese. She (arrive) in Hanoi in January, so she (be) there for 6 months. Next month she (go)
to Hue.

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9/ By the time we got to the cinema the film ____________ (to start), so we missed the first five
minutes

10/ When I rang the bell there was no answer. The neighbour told me that they (to go out) about
half an hour ago.

Adjectives - Adverbs ( TÝnh tõ - Trạng từ)

1/ So sánh về cấu tạo

Adv = Adj + ly
Eg :

- quick - quickly (nhanh)
- slow - slowly (chËm)
- careful - carefully ( cÈn thËn)
- bad - badly (kÐm, tåi)

* Lu ý :

+ Những tính từ có tận cùng là y biến đổi nh sau :
- happy - happily ( hạnh phúc, vui vẻ)

- easy - easily (dÔ)
- lazy - lazily (lời)

+ Những trờng hợp không theo qui t¾c :
- good - well ( tèt)

- fast - fast (nhanh)
- late - late (muén)
- much - much ( nhiÒu)
- hard - hard ( chăm chỉ)
- early - early (sím)
- far - far (xa)

2/ So s¸nh về cách sử dụng
* Adj :

+ Đứng trớc danh từ (n) :

Eg : - He is a careful driver. ( Anh ấy là một lái xe cẩn thận)
+ Đứng sau động từ to be :

Eg : - He is careful. ( Anh Êy cÈn thËn)

* Adv :

- Đứng sau động từ thờng :

Eg : - He drives carefully.( Anh Êy l¸i xe cÈn thËn)

Exercise : Chọn từ đúng trong số hai từ trong ngoặc :
1. John is reading (careful / carefully).

2. He is a (slow / slowly) learner.

3. Maria Elena speaks Spanish ( fluently / fluent)
4. Rita plays the violin ( good / well).

5. He was working ( hard / hardly).
6. The sun is ( bright / brightly) today.
7. She's a ( fast / fastly ) swimmer.
8. You can do this exercise (easily/ easy).

Exercise : ViÕt lại các câu sau, giữ nguyên nghĩa :

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9. My father drives well.  My father is ...
10. He runs quickly.  He is ...
11. Lan is a bad English speaker.  Lan speaks...
12. Mrs Young is a very slow typist.  Mrs Young types ...
13. My mother cooks well.  My mother ...

Exercise : Đọc đoạn văn sau, dùng từ gợi ý đặt câu hỏi và trả lời:

Carol Stuart is a good student. She is studying chemistry. She can play the piano and the guitar
very well. She is a very good cook and swimmer. She speaks Russian and French perfectly. She is

beautiful, too.
1. Carol / good / bad student ?

2. What / she / study ?

3. How / she / play / piano / guitar ?
4. She / cook / well ?

5. She / swim / well ?

6. How / she / speak Russian / French ?
7. She / beautiful ?

So s¸nh ( Comparisons)

A/ So sánh Tính từ

I/ So sánh ngang bằng

* Mẫu câu : S + to be + as + adj + as + noun (danh tõ)

pronoun (đại từ)

Eg : - Nam is as quick as Hai.
- They are as happy as we are.
us.

* Lu ý :- Trong câu phủ định ta có thể dùng so thay cho as :
Eg : - Mai isn't as tall as her brother.

= Mai isn't so tall as her brother.

Exercise 1 : Dùng từ gợi ý để viết câu ở dạng so sánh ngang bằng :
1. Ha Noi / noisy / Ho Chi Minh City.

2. Today / cold / yesterday.
3. My bag / expensive / his.
4. Their house / big / our house.
5. I / not / tired / yesterday.
6. this pen / good / that one ?
7. Her shoes / cheap / mine.

II/ So sánh hơn ( Comparative)
1/ Short adj (Tính từ ngắn)

Tính từ ngắn là tính từ có một âm tiết :

Eg : - big, cold, hot, tall ....

Mẫu câu : S + to be + adj + er + than + noun (danh từ)
pronoun (đại từ)
Eg : - Hoa is taller than I am. = I'm not as tall as Hoa (is).
me.

- It was colder yesterday than (it is) today.

* Lu ý :

+ Những tính từ kết thúc là một phụ âm, trớc khi thêm er, phải gấp đôi phụ âm cuối.

Eg : - big - bigger

- hot - hotter

+ Những tính từ kết thúc là e , chØ thªm r :

Eg : - large - larger

+ Những tính từ 2 âm tiết , kết thúc là y, đợc biến đổi nh sau :

Eg : - happy - happier
- pretty - prettier (đẹp)
- lazy - lazier ( lời)

Exercise 1: Dùng từ gợi ý để viết câu ở dạng so sánh hơn :
1. I / short / my brother.

2. Hai Duong / small/ Ha noi.
3. His shoes / cheap / mine.
4. Russia / big / Canada.

5. This exercise / easy / that one.
6. this car / fast / yours ?

7. Today / cold / yesterday.

2/ Long adj ( TÝnh tõ dµi)

TÝnh tõ dµi lµ tÝnh tõ cã 2 âm tiết trở lên:

Eg : tired, expensive, difficult, interesting ...

Mẫu câu : S + to be + more +long adj + than + noun (danh từ)
pronoun (đại từ)

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- This exercise is more difficult than that one.

Exercise 2: Dùng từ gợi ý để viết câu ở dạng so sánh hơn :
1. Her shoes / expensive / his.

2. Mr Jones / careful / wife.
3. Football / popular / table-tennis.
4. English / difficult / Chinese ?
5. Spring / pleasant / summer.
6. Her car / comfortable / mine.

7. His chidren / hard-working / my chidren.

3/ Irregular Adj ( BÊt qui t¾c)

- good - better
- bad - worse

- far - farther / further ( xa)
- much - more

- many - more
- little - less ( Ýt)

Eg : - His English is better than mine. = My English isn't as good as his.

Exercise 3: Dùng từ gợi ý để viết câu ở dạng so sánh hơn :

1. My friend's bike / good / mine.

2. This picture / bad / yours.
3. He has / much money / I have.
4. My sister / have / many books / me.

Exercise 4: Viết lại các câu sau, giữ nguyên nghĩa :

1/ They were happier yesterday than today.  Today they ...
2/ English isn't so interesting as biology.  Biology is ...
3 / I'm not as good at English as him.  He is ...
4/ His role is more important than mine.  My role ...
5 / My kitchen is bigger than yours.  Your kitchen ...
6 / I haven't got as much money as you.  You have ...
7 / French is more difficult than English.  English ...
8 / Nam isn't so careful as his father.  Nam's father ...
9 / Mai is prettier than her sister.  Mai's sister ...
10 / Hai Duong isn't so noisy as Ha Noi.  Ha Noi ...
11/ My house is smaller than his.  His house ...

III/ So s¸nh nhÊt 
1/ Short adj :

MÉu c©u : S + to be + the + short adj + est + in / of ....

Eg : - John is the tallest student in his class. = No one in his class is taller than John.
= No one in his class is as tall as John.

* Lu ý :

+ Những tính từ kết thúc là một phụ âm, trớc khi thêm est, phải gấp đôi phụ âm cuối.
Eg : - big - the biggest

- hot - the hottest

+ Nh÷ng tÝnh tõ kÕt thúc là e , chỉ thêm st :

Eg : - large - largest

+ Những tính từ 2 âm tiết , kết thúc là y, đợc biến đổi nh sau :
Eg : - happy - happiest

- pretty - prettiest
- lazy - laziest

2. Long adj :

MÉu c©u : S + to be + the + most + long adj + in / of ....

Eg : - Freedom is the most important of all. ( Tù do lµ quan träng nhÊt trong sè mäi ®iÒu)
= Nothing is more important than freedom.

3. Irregular Adj :

- good - the best
- bad - the worst
- many - the most
- much - the most
- little - the least

- far - the farthest/furthest

Eg : - Mai is the best student in our class.

Exercise 1: Dùng từ gợi ý để viết câu ở dạng so sánh nhất :
1. Russia / large / country/ in the world.

2. She / careful pupil / in my class.

3. Ronaldinho / good / footballer / in the world.
4. Phil / happy / person / we know.

5. These shoes / expensive / of all.

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7. This / interesting film / I / ever / see.
8. Hoa / pretty / girl / in her group.

9. Mr Pike / generous / person / in my town.

Exercise 2: Hoàn thành các câu sau theo mẫu
Eg : It's a very nice room. It's one of the nicest rooms in the hotel.

1/ It's a very old castle. It's ... in Britain.
2/ She's a very good player. She's ...in the team.
3/ It was a very bad experience. It was...in my life.

4/ Nam is a very intelligent student. He... .... .in the class.

Exercise 3: Viết lại các câu sau, giữ nguyên nghĩa :

1/ No one in my class is more intelligent than Lan.  Lan is ...
2/ We don't know a happier person than him.  He is ...
3/ Nothing is more interesting than football.  Football is ...
4/ Is this the biggest hat you've got ?  Have you got ... ?
5/ Everest is higher than any mountains in the world.  Everest is ...
6/ No one in my class is fatter than Minh.  Minh is ...
7/ Mr Ron is the richest man in our town.  No one ...
8/ No one in my group is better at English than Lan. Lan is ...

B/ So sánh Trạng từ

I/ So s¸nh ngang b»ng

Mẫu câu : S + V + as + adv + as + noun (danh từ)
pronoun (đại từ)

Eg : - Mr Ba works as hard as Mr Lam.

* Lu ý : Ta có thể thay as bằng so trong câu phủ định.

Eg : - I can't play the piano as well as my sister. = I can't play the piano so well as my sister.

II/ So sánh hơn

1/ Short adverbs (Trạng từ ngắn)

Mu câu : S + V + short adv + er + than + noun (danh từ) / pronoun (đại từ)

Eg : - My brother runs faster than I do. = I don't run as fast as my brother.
me.

2. Long adv :

Mẫu câu : S + V + more + long adv + than + noun (danh từ)
pronoun (đại từ)

Eg : - Mr Jones drives more carefully than Mr Smith.
= Mr Smith doesn't drive as carefully as Mr Jones.

3. Irregular adv ( BÊt qui t¾c)
Eg : - well - better
- badly - worse
- much - more
- early - earlier
- late - later

Eg : - Sam can speaks French better than me.
- Yesterday he drank more than today.

Exercise : Viết lại các câu sau, giữ nguyên nghĩa :

1/ Jane can swim further than I can.  I can't ...
2/ We didn't do the test as quickly as Linh.  Linh did ...
3/ Peter can't run as fast as Tim.  Tim runs ...
4/ John speaks French more fluently than I do.  I cannot...
5/- Thuy is a more fluent French speaker than Phong.  Thuy speaks French ...
6/ He plays football better than me.  I don't ...
7/ Mrs Hoa doesn't work as hard as her husband.  Mrs Hoa 's husband works ...
8/ They answered the teacher's question yesterday more intelligently than us.

 We didn't ...

9/ Hai couldn't listen to the teacher yesterday as attentively as his friend did.

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C/ Mét sè lu ý thªm về các câu So sánh

1. Ta cú th dựng much, (by) far , a lot , a little trớc adj và adv trong câu so sánh hơn để nhấn
mạnh.

Eg : - My bag is much cheaper than my friend's.
- My father swims far better than me.
2. Cã thÓ dïng danh từ với câu so sánh.

Eg : - I have more books than my sister. = My sister doesn't have as many books as I have.
- He has more money than his brother. = His brother doesn't have as much money as him.
3. Có thể thay danh từ số ít bằng that, danh từ số nhiều bằng those nếu ta không muốn nhắc lại
danh từ đó.

Eg : - The salary of a professor is higher than that of a teacher. ( Lơng của giáo s thì cao hơn của
giáo viªn) (that = the salary)

- Classes in the college aren't as difficult as those in the university. (Those = classes)
4. Cã thÓ dïng twice (2 times), 3, 4... times trong c©u so s¸nh ngang b»ng.

Eg : - His house is twice as big as my house. (Nhà của anh ấy to gấp đôi nhà tôi)
5. The same as đợc sử dụng trong dạng so sánh ngang bằng.

Eg : - Ann's salary is as high as Peter's. = Ann's salary is the same as Peter's.

- Tom is as old as George. = Tom is the same age as George. (Tom b»ng tuæi George)
6. More and more, better and better, harder and harder, more and more difficult ...

Eg : - His English is getting better and better. (TiÕng Anh của anh ấy ngày càng trở lên tốt hơn)
- These days more and more people are learning English. (Ngµy nay ngµy cµng cã nhiỊu ngêi häc
tiÕng Anh)

7. So s¸nh kÐp :

Mẫu câu : The + so sánh + chủ ngữ + động từ + the + so sánh + chủ ngữ + động từ

Eg : - The more I thought about the plan, the less I like it. (Càng nghĩ về kế hoạch đó, tơi càng
thấy khơng thích nó)

- The warmer the weather (is), the better I feel.

- The sooner you leave, the earlier you will arrive at your destination.
( Bạn càng đi sớm bạn càng tới đích sớm hơn)

- The younger you are, the easier it is to learn. (Chúng ta càng trẻ thì học càng dễ)
Exercise 1: Hoàn thành các c©u sau theo mÉu

Eg: It's becoming harder and harder to find a job.(hard)
1/ That hole in your pullover is getting ...(big)
2/ As I waited for my interview, I became ...(nervous)
3/ As the day went on, the weather got ...(bad)
4/ Travelling is becoming ...(expensive)

5/ Since she has been in Britain, her English has got ...(good)

Exercise 2: Hoàn thành các câu sau theo mÉu
Eg: I like warm weather. The warmer the weather , the better I feel (feel)

1. I didn't really like him at first. But the more I got to know him, ...(like)
2/ She had to wait a very long time. The longer she waited, ... (impatient/become)
3/ If you use more electricity, your bill will be higher. The more electricity you use, ...(high)

Exercise 3: Chọn từ đúng trong số các từ đã cho :
1. This car is ... as expensive as our car.

a. double b. twice c. much d. a lot
2. The harder she works, the ... money she earns.

a. better b. much c. more d. less
3. The ... you are, the ... it is to concentrate.

a. more tired / more hard b. more tired/ harder c. tired / hard d. tired / hardly
4. The ... she waited, the ... she became.

a. more long / more impatient b. longer / impatient
c. long / more impatient d. longer / more impatient
5. The standard of living in Canada is higher ... in many countries.

a. than that b. as that c. than those d. as those
6. My boss is very young. He's ... than I am.

a. younger 10 years b. 10 years more young c. 10 years younger d. 10 years young
7. Life in Hai Phong is ... expensive than that in Hai Duong.

a. a little more b. a little much c. far much d. more a lot
8. What do you think about the parks in London ? Are they bigger ... in Ha Noi ?
a. than that b. than those c. as that d. as those
9. ... pollution is being produced nowadays.

a. Much and much b. Many and many c. Better and better d. More and more
10. The ... you spend learning, ... your study result will be.

a. much time / the best b. more time / the good c. more time / the better d. better time / the well
11. Is your weight ... Hoa's.

a. the same as b. as the same c. the same like d. like the same

Revision 1

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1/ They were more tired yesterday than today.  Today they ...
2/ Mr Hai is a good driver.  Mr Hai drives ...
3/ English isn't so difficult as Maths.  Maths is ...
4/ His brother is not so good at French as him.  He is ...
5/ His role is more important than mine.  My role ...
6/ I can't swim as well as Jane.  Jane ...
7/ No one in my class is noisier than Lan.  Lan is ...
8/ We didn't do the test as fast as Linh.  Linh did ...
9/ Peter can't run as far as Tim.  Tim runs ...
10/ My kitchen is smaller than yours.  Your kitchen ...
11/ Phong speaks English more fluently than I do.  I ...
12/ She is a dangerous driver.  She ...
13/ Hoa is a careful typist.  Hoa ...
14/ Mary dances marvellously.  Mary is ...
15/ Celine Dion sings wonderfully.  Celine Dion is ...
16/ Lien is a good English speaker.  Lien speaks ...
17/ We don't know a lazier person than her.  She is ...
18/ Nothing is more interesting than football.  Football is ...
19/ I am 20 years old. My brother is 40.  My brother is twice ...

20/ Everest is higher than any mountains in the world.  Everest is ...
21/ Minh is the most hard-working in our class.  No one ...
22/ You have more money than us.  We ...
23/ Mr Robinson is the poorest person in our town.  No one ...
24/ No one in my group is better at English than Linh. - Linh is ...
25/ Phong speaks French more fluently than Thuy.  Thuy does ...
26/ He plays football more skilfully than me.  I don't ...
27/ Mrs Hoa doesn't work as hard as her husband.

 Mrs Hoa 's husband works ...
28/ He doesn't run as quickly as five years ago.

 Five years ago he ...
29/ My sister usually gets up later than me.  I don't usually ...
30/ French is more difficult than English.  English ...
31/ Nam isn't so careless as his brother.  Nam's brother ...
32/ My house is much smaller than his.  His house ...
33/ The streets in Ha Noi aren't as quiet as those in Paris.

 The streets in Paris ...
34/ Yesterday, Mr Pike didn't drink as much beer as Mr Withe.

 Yesterday Mr Withe...
35/ Mrs Ha is 2 years younger than Mrs Lanh.  Mrs Lanh ...
36. He hasn't written to his parents for 2 months.  The last time ...
37. I've never been to Scotland before. This is ...
38. I started learning English 5 years ago.  I've ...
39. The last time I saw him was in 1995.  I haven't ...
40. We haven't seen Ann for ages. It's ages ...
41. Linda's career as a television presenter began 4 years ago.

 Linda has been ...
42. It started to rain at two o'clock. It has ...
43. Samuel started keeping a diary 2 years ago.  Samuel has ...
44. It is ages since I last saw you.  I haven't ...
45. We last saw him when we were students.  We haven't ...
46. She is the most beautiful girl I've ever met.  I've never...
47. He hasn't received news from home for two months.  The last time ...
II/ Chọn đáp án đúng trong số A, B, C hoặc D

1/ Hurry up ! We've been waiting for you. What's taking you so long ?
- I ... for an important phone call. Go ahead and leave without me.

A. wait B. will wait C. am waiting D. have waited
2/ Robert is going to be famous someday. He ... in 3 movies already.

A. has been appearing B. had appeared C. has appeared D. appeared
3/ "Where's Polly ?"" - "She ..."

A. is in her room

studying B. in her room is studying C. studies in her room D. has in her room studied
4/ When is Mr Fields planning to retire ?

- Soon, I think. He ... here for a long time. He'll probably retire either next year or the year
after that.

A. worked B. had been working C. has been working D. is working
5/ Next week when there is a full moon, the ocean tides ... higher.

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- I ... it.

A. don't believe B. am not believing C. didn't believe D. wasn't believing
7/ My family loves this house. It ... the family home ever since my grandfather built it 60 years
ago.

A. was B. has been C. is D. will be

8/ A minor earthquake occured at 2.00a.m on January 3rd. Most of the people in the
village ... at the time and didn't even know it had occured until the next morning.
A. slept B. had slept C. were sleeping D. slept
9/ Would you like to join Linda and me tomorrow ?

We ... visit the Natural Museum.

A. will B. are going to C. will be D. will have
10/ When I came, everyone ...

A. has left B. had left C. left D. was leaving

Danh động từ (Gerund)

I/ The form

V+ ing : - swimmimg, having, playing ...

II/ Một số mẫu câu với danh động từ

1/ Danh động từ đóng vai trò là chủ ngữ trong câu

- Swimming is my hobby. (Bơi là sở thích của tôi)

2/ Danh ng t lm bổ ngữ trong câu (đứng sau to be)

- My hobby is swimming.

3/ Danh động từ đợc sử dụng sau giới từ
*Một số cụm tính từ +giới từ + V-ing

to be interested in
afraid of
bored with
capable of

tired of doing sth
used to

good at ( giái vÒ)

good for ( tốt cho ai, điều gì)
fond of

fed up with

excited about ( phÊn khÝch)
Eg : - I'm afraid of flying.

- Are you bored with staying at home at weekends ?
- He's used to getting up early.

- Nam is good at learning French.

*Một số cụm động từ + giới từ

- succeed in doing sth thành công khi làm gì

- object to phản đối làm gì

- apologise for xin lỗi vì đã làm gì

- go on tiÕp tơc lµm g×

- keep on cø, tiÕp tôc

- give up tõ bá làm gì
Eg : - He succeeded in finding a good job.

- I object to going out. ( Tôi phản đối việc tơi phải ra ngồi)
- I object to his going out. (Tôi phản đối việc anh ta ra ngoài)

- He apologised (to me) for breaking the glass. (Anh ta xin lỗi (tơi) vì đã đánh vỡ cái cốc)

* Mét sè vÝ dơ vỊ c¸c giíi tõ kh¸c :

After, before, without, like , for , on ...

Eg : - He left my house without saying good bye. ( Anh ta rêi nhµ tôi mà không nói lời tạm biệt)
On seeing her mother, she burst out crying. = When she saw her mother, she burst into tears.
( Khi nhìn thấy mẹ, nó òa lªn khãc)

- After saying good bye to me, he went back to the college.

4/ Danh động từ đợc sử dụng sau một số động từ

- love doing sth
- like

- hate
- enjoy
- begin
- start

- avoid (tránh)
- postpone (trì hỗn)
- mind (ngại, phiền)
- remember (Nhớ đã làm gì)
- regret doing sth ( Tiếc đã làm gì)

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- suggest (gợi ý làm gì)
- consider (suy tÝnh)
- deny (chèi bá)
- keep (gi÷, tiÕp tơc)
- practise (thùc hµnh)
- admit (thó nhËn)
- finish

- stop
...

Eg : - He suggested visiting the museum. ( Anh ta gợi ý đi thăm viện bảo tàng)
- We are considering leaving our village.

- He kept (on) listening to the radio.
- I don't mind working hard.

- Would you mind opening the window ?
- You should practise speaking English in class.

- The bad weather prevented us from having a picnic.
( Thời tiết xấu ngăn cản chúng tôi ®i picnic)

- The children enjoy walking in the rain.

- My father started working here when he was 23.
- They stopped laughing when the teacher came in.

5/ Danh động từ đợc sử dụng để tạo thành danh từ kép : Dđtừ + Danh từ = Danh từ kép

Eg: - a reading lamp (đèn đọc sách) = a lamp for reading
- a travelling bag ( túi du lịch) = a bag for travelling

6/Danh động từ đợc sử dụng sau một số cụm từ sau

- can't stand/ can't bear không thể chịu đựng đợc
- can't help / can't resist không thể đừng đợc
- look forward to mong muốn

- It's no use vô ích khi làm gì
- It's no good

- There's no point in

- It's (not) worth Thật (không ) đáng

Eg : -I look forward to hearing from you. ( Tôi mong nhận đợc tin cậu)
- It's no use waiting for her. ( Thật vơ ích khi đợi cô ta)

-- There's no point in asking him for money.

- We can't help laughing when he told his funny story.

( Chúng tôi không nhịn đợc cời khi nghe anh ấy kể chuyện cời)
- It's worth reading this book. (Thật đáng đọc cuốn sách này)

7. S + V + possessive adj / object pronoun + Gerund

(Chủ ngữ + đ từ + t từ sở hữu/ đại từ tân ngữ + Danh động từ )

- object to one's doing sth (phản đối ai làm gì)
- insist on one's doing sth (nài nỉ ai làm gì)

- approve / disapprove of one's doing sth (chấp nhận/ không chấp nhận ai làm gì)
- dislike one's doing sth (kh«ng thích ai làm gì)

Eg : - We object to his/ him coming late. (Chúng tôi phản đối anh ta đến muộn)
- I object to working overtime this week.

(Tôi phản đối việc phải làm việc quá giờ vào tuần này)

- They insisted on my attending the party. ( Họ nài nỉ tôi đến dự tiệc)

- She insisted on seeing the manager.= She insisted that she had to see the manager.
( Cơ ta khăng khăng địi gặp giám đốc)

- His parents disapprove of his marrying that woman.
(Bố mẹ anh ấy không tán thành anh ấy cới ngời đàn bà đó)

- I dislike people criticising me unfairly. (T«i ghÐt viƯc mäi ngêi chØ trÝch t«i kh«ng c«ng b»ng)
Exercise 1: Provide the correct form of the verbs in brackets

1/ He doesn't enjoy (sit) alone and (do) nothing.
2/ My brother (give) up (fish) last year.

3/ Please go on (write). I don't mind (wait).

4/ Their children (be) afraid of (walk) on the street at night.
5/ Do you mind (turn) off the radio ?

6/ I'm fond of (swim) in the river.
7/ She (hate) (get) up early.

8/ We are fed up with (eat) the same food everyday.
9/ My child is bored with (play) with the same picture.
10/ We like (see) people living peacefully.

11/Are you interested in (have) dinner with me this afternoon ?
12/ Mr Long loves (watch) football on TV.

13/ Nam is used to (stay) up late.

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Exercise 2: Use the suggestions to write complete sentences

1/ Lan / enjoy / listen / music.

2/ brother/ interested / find / new job.
3/ father / tired / work / his factory.

4/ father / give up / drink coffee / last month.
5/ your sister / fond / go swimming ?

6/ they / bored / talk / their neighbour.
7/ I / begin / learn / English / last year.
8/ They / stop / argue / when / I / arrive.
9/ The workers / start / widen / road / 1999.
10/ I can't stand / stay / home all day.

11/ He / leave / restaurant / without / pay the bill.
12/ They / stop / talk/ when / teacher / come in.
13/ Lan / hate / drink milk.

14/ I / not mind / work hard.

15/ sister / afraid / be at home / alone.

16/ We / bored / watch / Vietnamese films / TV.
17/ mother / interested / learn / foreign language.
18/ favourite pastime / fish.

19/ Play chess / not / pastime.
20/ I / not used to / work / overtime.
21/ Children / fed / with / water / flowers.
22/ They / fond / practise English.

Exercise 3: Fill in the blank with one suitable word
1/ They're bored ... watching the same programme everyday.

2/ His wife is ... ... ... washing the dishes.
3/ She enjoys ... at home on Sunday.

4/ I'm ... in playing the piano.
5/ We're fond ... ... English.

6/ Do you ... getting the remote control ?

Exercise 4: Read the following passage, use the suggestions to make questions and then answer
them.

Mr Smith used to be a worker, but now he is unemployed. He is 45 years old. It's not easy to start
looking for a job at his age. He's interested in learning a new skill but nobody wants to train him.
He's tired of sitting around the house. When he was with his factory he was bored with doing the
same thing everyday, but now he really enjoys doing a job again. He's looking forward to working
in a company in the city.

1/ Mr Smith / unemployed / now ?
2/ How old / he ?

3/ it / easy / start / look / job / his age ?
4/ What / he interested / do ?

5/ anyone / want / train him ?
6/ he / fond / sit/ around / house ?

7/ he / bored / do / same thing/ when / he / with / factory ?
8/ he / enjoy / do / a job / now ?

Exercise 5: Complete the following
1/ I don't mind ...

2/ He's interested ...
3/ They enjoy ...

4/ We are afraid ...
5/ Are you tired ... ?

Exercise 6: Complete the following

1/ A stick for walking is ...
2/ A rod for fishing is ...
3/ A pair of shoes for dancing is ...
4/ A bag for sleeping is ...
5/ A bag for traveling is ...

Exercise 7: Read the following passage and do the tasks below

Fishing is my favourite sport. I often fish for hours without catching anything. But this does not
worry me. Some fishermen are unlucky. Instead of catching fish, they catch old boots and rubbish.
I'm even less lucky. I never catch anything, not even old boots. After having spent the whole
morning on the river, I always go home with an empty bag. My friends advise me to give up
fishing, but they don't realize one important thing. I'm only interested in sitting in a boat and doing
nothing at all !

Use the suggestions to make questions and then answer them.

1/ What / writer's favourite sport ?
2/ he / catch / anything ?

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Exercise 8: Điền vào chỗ trống một giới từ thích hợp
1/ Jane is always afraid ... flying.

2/ She's very bad ... foreign languages.

3/ You should drink this. It is good ... keeping fit.
4/ They succeeded ... finding a good job for their children.
5/ I object ... her coming to work late.

6/ Are you interested ... collecting stamps ?
7/ Lan's fond ... cooking.

8/ We're fed up ... learning philosophy.
9/ Mr Kha is used ... jogging in the morning.
10/ My teacher is capable ... writing articles.
11/ The students are bored ... his lectures.

12/ ... saying good bye to his wife, he left for London.
13/ I don't feel ... working here.

14/ He looked angry. He left my house ... saying good bye.
15/ She apologised ... her boyfriend ... hurting him.
16/ My parents approved ... my going to study at this college.

17/ I want to sell my house. I'm really tired ... my neighbour playing music at night.
18/ You can't succeed ... working hard.

19/ We can only succeed ... working hard.

20/ Do your parents approve ... your working for that company ?
21/ They are excited ... going to see the football match.
22/ I find it hard to get used ... driving on the left.
23/ You should turn off the lights ... leaving the room.
24/ ... seeing her brother, Lan burst out crying.

Exercise 9: Rewrite the following sentences

1/ Do you mind if I borrow your pen ?  Do you mind ... ?
2/ "I don't want to walk there alone.", he shouted.  He objected to ...
3/ "Sorry ! I'm late !", she said to me.  She apologised ...
4/ "We don't want you to marry that woman", they said to me.  They objected to ...
5/ Persuading her to come is pointless.  It's no use ...
6 / It's pointless to worry about someone else's problems.  There's no point ...
7/ He tried to escape but the police stopped him.  The police prevented him ...
8/ "I'm sorry that I broke the glass', said Peter.  Peter apologised ...
9/ She doesn't stay up so late.  She's not used ...
10/ It was a bit difficult to get to work this morning.  Getting to work ...

Infinitive (§éng tõ nguyªn thĨ)

I/ The form :

to work, to play....

II/ Một số mẫu câu sử dụng với động từ nguyên thể
1/ It + to be + adj + to do sth

It is dangerous to go out alone at night.( Thật là nguy hiểm khi đi ra ngồi một mình vào ban đêm)

2/ It + to be + adj + for sb + to do sth

It is necessary for you to learn English. ( Cậu cần phải học tiếng Anh)

3/ It + to be + adj + of sb + to do sth

It is very kind of you to help me. ( CËu thËt tèt bơng khi gióp t«i)

It was very careless of you to leave the door open last night. ( Cậu thật cẩu thả khi để cửa mở tối
qua)

4/ S + to be + too (qu¸) + adj + to do sth

- You are too young to get married. (Cậu cịn q trẻ để lập gia đình)

5/ S + to be + too + adj + for sb + to do

- The bag is too heavy for me to carry. (Cái túi quá nặng để tôi mang)

6/ S + to be + adj + enough + to do sth

I'm not strong enough to carry this case. (Tôi không đủ khỏe để mang cái va li này)

7/ S + to be + adj + enough + for sb +to do

- The bag isn't light enough for me to carry.

8/ S +V + too + adv + for sb + to do

- The cat ran too fast for the dog to catch.

9/ S + V + adv + enough + for sb + to do

- He doesn't speak slowly enough for us to understand. (Ơng ấy khơng nói chậm để chúng tơi
hiểu)

10/ S + to be + the first / second... to do sth

- He was the first person to leave the party.( Anh ta là ngời đầu tiên rời bữa tiệc)
= He was the first person who left the party.

Exercise I : Dùng từ gợi ý để viết thành câu hoàn chỉnh
1/ It / interesting / have a talk / him.

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4/ It / difficult / speak English well.
5/ It / wonderful / have / holiday / Paris.
6/ It / important / you / know how to drive.
8/ It / easy / her / finish work on time.
9/ It / impolite / him / say like that.

10/ It / careless / you / leave / umbrella / train yesterday.
11/ Mr Hai / too old / apply for that job.

12/ Children / too young / join this club.
13/ The test / too difficult / us / do.
14/ house / too expensive / uncle / buy.
15/ We / not / rich / buy / car.

16/ shoes / not / cheap / me / buy.

17/ The task / not / easy enough / us / do.

18/ The robber / ran / too fast / policeman / catch.

19/ They / walking / too slowly / reach the top before night.
20/ Mr Ba / not speak clearly / us / understand.

21/ She / the last / person / come in.

22/ It / careless / you / let / door / open / last night.
23/ It / necessary / us / finish/ work / this afternoon.

Exercise II : Viết lại các câu sau, giữ nguyên nghĩa

1/ The man spoke too fast for us to understand.  The man didn't ...
2/ She is very old so she can't dance beautifully.  She is too ...
3/ Your writing is so small that I can't read it.  Your writing ...
4/ To learn English is easy.  It is ...
5 / They think speaking French is difficult.  They think ...
6/ It isn't easy to start looking for a job at his age.  Starting ...
7 / He is very old, so he can't apply for that job.  He is too...
8 / They ran too fast, so we couldn't catch them.  They ran too ...
9 / She spoke too quickly for me to understand.  She didn't ...
10 / Mrs Hoa was too weak to go to work yesterday.  Mrs Hoa wasn't ...
11/ It is too cold, so we can't go out.  It is ...
12/ He couldn't move the piano because it was too heavy.  The piano was ...
13 / Mrs Hoa was the last person who came to visit him.  Mrs Hoa...

11/ Động từ nguyên thể đứng sau động từ to be

Eg : His ambition is to become a director.
( Tham vọng của ông ấy là trở thành giám đốc)

12/ Những động từ theo sau là động từ nguyên thể
-- agree đồng ý

- arrange s¾p xÕp
- attempt cè g¾ng
- fail thÊt b¹i
- neglect lơ là
- threaten ®e däa
- plan lËp kÕ ho¹ch
- manage xoay së
- refuse tõ chèi

- remember nhí ph¶i làm gì

- regret tiếc phải làm gì
- try cè g¾ng

- decide quyết định
- offer đề nghị
- want

- seem cã vỴ, dêng nh
- promise høa

- expect mong chê

- hope hy väng
- need cÇn

Eg : - She agreed to marry that old man.
- I'll arrange to meet her.

- They decided to move to Ha Noi.
- Tom failed to catch the train.

- I hope to see you again.

-They offer to do the shopping for us.
- I managed to get out of the car.

- She promised to wait for him.

- The kidnappers threatened to kill the child if his parents informed the police. ( Bọn bắt cóc
dọa giết đứa bé nếu bố mẹ cậu báo cảnh sát)

13/ Những động từ theo sau là tân ngữ và động từ nguyên thể

- advise sb to do sth khuyªn
- encourage khuyÕn khÝch
- allow cho phÐp
- permit cho phÐp
- remind nh¾c

- warn sb not to do sth cảnh báo ai đừng làm gì

- tell sb to do / not to do sth b¶o ai làm gì / không làm gì

- order ra lÖnh

- persuade thuyÕt phôc
- invite mêi

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- force bắt buộc
- ask yêu cÇu
- help

Eg : - The doctor advised me to do morning exercise.
- I remind Minh to bring the umbrella.

- They allow their children to watch TV in the evening.
- My family encouraged me to apply for the job.

14/ Những động từ theo sau là tân ngữ và động từ nguyên thể không "to"

- make sb do sth ( Bắt ai làm gì )
- let sb do sth

- hear sb do sth
- watch sb do sth
- see sb do sth

- have sb do sth = get sb to do sth (nhờ ai làm gì)

Eg : - Our father made us work hard.
- Don't let him go out too much.

- I had my neighbour repair my bike. = I got my neighbour to repair my bike.

- Someone saw him steal the car.

15. Những cụm từ theo sau là động từ nguyên thể

- to be about to do sth ( s¾p sửa làm gì)
- to be able to do sth ( có khả năng làm gì)

- do / try one's best to do sth ( cè g¾ng hÕt sức làm gì)

Eg : - I was about to leave when it started to rain.
- Try your best !

- She hasn't been able to find a job yet.
( Cô ta vẫn cha thể tỡm c cụng vic)

16. Động từ nguyên thể dùng sau but , except (trõ, ngo¹i trõ)
Eg : - We can do nothing but wait.

- She does nothing but complain. ( Cô ta chẳng làm gì ngoài việc kêu ca.)

17. S + V + noun + to do sth

Eg : - He didn't have a chance to explain.
- We have a lot of work to do.

Exercise 1 : Rewrite the following sentences 
1/ "You'd better do morning exercise, Minh", said I.

 I advised ...
2/ "I won't lend you any more money !", she said to me.

 She refused...
3/ "Don't hurry !", my mother said to me.

 My mother told...
4/ "Don't go too near the elephant !", his father said to him.

 His father warned him ...
5/ "Keep silent !', the teacher said to his pupils.

 The teacher ordered ...
6/ "I think you'd better not go to work for a few days, Cathy".

 I advised ...
7/ Finding a good job nowadays is difficult.

 It's ...
8/ Lying in the sun is pleasant.

 It's ...
9/ "Please don't tell anyone what happened.", Ann said to me.

 Ann told me ...
10/ "You'd better not lend her any money, John", said Jack.

 Jack advised ...
11/ " I won't let anyone know your address", she said to me.

 She promised ...
12/ "Don't forget to order the supplies I need". My boss reminded me.

 My boss reminded me...

Exercise 2: Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form
1/ Try to avoid (make) him angry.

2/ Stop (argue) and start (work).
3/ It's no use (cry) over spilt milk.
4/ I suggest (hold) another meeting.
5/ He finished (speak) and sat down.

6/ It's difficult to get used to (eat) with chopsticks.
7/ He warned her (not touch) the wire.

8/ I want the boys (grow) up hating violence.
9/ We are looking forward to (read) your new book.

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12/ Is there anything here worth (read) ?
13/ She promises (wait) for me.

14/ Would you mind (put) your pet snake somewhere else ?
15/ I don't feel like (work); what about (go) to a disco instead?
16/ He taught me how (light) a fire without matches.

17/ By (work) day and night he succeeded in (finish) the job in time.
18/ The sea was too rough for the children (swim).

20/ He tried (explain) but she refused (listen).

21/ I get tired of (stay) at home for my wife keeps (shout) at me all day.

22/ I can't help (sneeze); I caught a cold yesterday from (sit) in a draught.
23/ His doctor advised him (take) up (jog).

24/ I regret (inform) you that your application has been refused.
25/ People used to (make) fire by (rub) two sticks together.
26/ I tried (persuade) him (agree) with my proposal.

28/ He hates (answer) the phone, and very often just lets it (ring).
32/ They try their best (make) us (buy) the things we don't need.
33/ We object to his (go) out.

36/ He was about (leave) when she came.

46/ He tried (make) me (believe) that he was my stepbrother.
47/ Carol had no difficulty in (make) friends.

48/ When she heard the bad news, she burst out (cry).

49/ They left early in order to avoid (get) caught in the traffic.
50/ We don't want anybody (know) that we are here.

51/ I'm tired of my neighbours (play) their records at full volume at night.
52/ Sam was reluctant, but we finally got him (play) his guitar for us.

53/ My roommate's handwriting is very bad, so he had me (type) his paper for him last night.
54/ (Eat) in restaurant as often as they do is very expensive.

55/ Marone needs (find) another job. Her present company is going out of business.
56/ Joan is considering (move) to London.

57/ I hope (write) my autobiography before I die.
58/ Joy thanked us for (invite) them to dinner.
59/ You should plan (arrive) at the stadium early.

60/ My lawyer advised me (not say) anything further about the accident.

61/ When the university suggested (raise) the tuition again, the student senate protested
vigorously.

62/ Are we permitted (bring) the guests to the ceremony ?

63/ The city agreed (accept) the architect's proposed design for a new parking garage.
64/ She's so impatient ! She can't stand (wait) in line for anything.

65/ Ms Thompson is always willing to help, but she doesn't want anyone (call) her at home unless
there is an emergency.

66/ I made my son (wash) the window before he could go outside to play with his friends.
67/ It is always interesting (observe) people in airports while you're waiting for a flight.

Phân từ hiện tại (Present Participles)

1. Form : V-ing : working , driving ...

2. The use

* Lµm trạng ngữ trong câu

Eg : - Driving along the road I saw an accident. = When I was driving along the road I saw an
accident. ( Tôi thấy một vụ tai nạn khi tôi đang lái xe trên đờng. )

- Fearing that the police would recognize him, he never went out in daylight. = As he feared that
the police would recognize him, he never went out in daylight.

(Sợ rằng cảnh sát sẽ nhận ra cho nên hắn không bao giờ đi ra ngoài vào ban ngày)

* Nếu muốn nhấn mạnh hành động trớc diễn ra xong rồi mới đến hành động thứ 2 ta dùng dạng 
"Having done"

Eg : - Having written the letter, I went to post it. = When I had written the letter, I went to post it.
( Khi đã viết xong th, tụi mang i gi)

* Đợc sử dụng trong mÉu c©u:

- waste time doing sth ( l·ng phÝ thêi gian làm gì)
- spend time doing sth (dùng thời gian làm gì)
- see sb doing ( Nhìn thấy ai đang làm gì)
- watch sb doing ( Quan sát ai đang làm gì)
- keep ( Bắt, giữ ai làm gì)

- catch ( Bắt gặp ai đang làm gì)
- find ( Phát hiện thấy ai đang làm gì)

- feel sth/ sb doing (Cảm thấy cái gì đang diễn ra/ ai đang làm gì)
- leave sb doing sth (để cho ai làm gì)

- to be busy doing sth (mải mê làm gì)

- go shopping, swimming, hunting, fishing ....

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- We caught a child climbing over the wall.

- I saw an old man coming into that house.
- Don't keep her waiting !

- Mr Whithe wastes time going to the pub.
- My father spent 2 years working in Hue.
- They found someone lying under the bed.
- Do you want to go dancing this afternoon ?

Gerund and infinitive instructions

1. Try

a.Try to do sth ( Cè g¾ng lµm gi)
Eg : - You should try to work hard.

b. Try doing sth ( thử làm gì)

Eg : - I decided to try playing hockey. ( Tôi quyết định thử chơi môn hockey )

2. Allow

a. Allow sb to do sth ( Cho phép ai làm gì)

Eg : - They allow their children to watch TV in the evening. ( Hä cho phÐp con cđa hä xem phim
vµo bi tèi)

b. Allow doing sth ( Cho phép làm gì)

Eg : - They don't allow smoking here. ( Hä kh«ng cho phép hút thuốc ở đây)

3. Stop

a. Stop doing sth ( Dừng làm gì)

Eg : - They stopped playing football when it rained. ( Hä ngõng ch¬i bãng khi trêi ma)

b. Stop to do sth ( Dừng lại để làm một việc gì khác)

Eg : - They felt tired. They decided to stop to have some drinks. (Họ cảm thấy mệt. Họ quyết
định dừng lại để uống chút gì đó)

4. Regret

a. Regret to do sth ( Lấy làm tiếc khi phải làm g×)
Eg : - I regret to tell / inform you that ....

say that (Tôi lấy làm tiếc khi phải nói / thông báo rằng ....)

b. Regret doing / not doing sth ( Tiếc đã làm / đã khơng làm gì) 
Eg : - I regret telling her about that. ( Tơi tiếc đã nói với cơ ta về điều đó)

- Mike regretted not working hard before. ( Mike thấy tiếc là trớc đây đã không học hành chăm chỉ )

5. Remember

a. Remember to do sth ( Nhớ phải làm gì)

Eg : - I didn't remember to lock the door. ( T«i kh«ng nhớ là phải khóa cửa)
- He didn't remember to post the letter for me. ( Anh Êy kh«ng nhí gưi th hé t«i)

b. Remember doing sth ( Nhớ rằng đã làm một việc gì rồi)

Eg : - We remember lending Mr Ba the book. ( Chúng tôi nhớ là đã cho ông Ba mợn sách)
- I remember his telling me about it. ( Tôi nhớ là hắn đã kể cho tơi về chuyện đó )

6. Forget

a. Forget to do sth ( Quên phải làm gì)

Eg : - She forgot to write to me. ( Cô ta quên viết th cho tôi) = She didn't remember to write to me.
( C« ta kh«ng nhí viÕt th cho t«i)

- He forgot to do his homework.( Nã quên làm bài tập)

b. Forget doing sth ( quờn rng đã làm việc gì rồi)

Eg : - I'll never forget meeting the Queen. ( Tôi sẽ không bao giờ quên chuyện đã gặp Nữ hoàng)
Exercise 1 : Viết lại các câu sau giữ nguyên nghĩa

1/ "You remembered to phone Mai, didn't you ?"  You didn't ...
2/ When I was running to the stadium, I met Lan. Running ...
3/ My mother went to bed early because she felt tired.  Feeling ...
4/ After we left the party, we went straight to the theatre.  After ...
5/ They decided to go home because they had seen that film before.  Having ...
6/ She left the restaurant. She didn't pay the bill.  She left the restaurant without ...
7/ Before he lent me the money, my brother had sold his bike.  Before ...
8/ I'm sorry now that I didn't go to university.  I regret ...
9/ "Don't leave the room !", my father said.  My father told me ...

Exercise 2 : Cho dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc
1/ Don't forget (lock) the door before (leave).

2/ I regret (inform) you that your application has been refused.
3/ I tried (persuade) him (agree) with my proposal.

4/ Mrs John : I don't allow (smoke) in my room.
Mrs Smiths : I don't allow my family (smoke) at all.

5/ Oh ! I can feel something (crawl) up my leg. It must be an insect.
6/ I'll never forget (meet) her in Ha Long Bay.

7/ He was about (leave) when she came.

8/ When I saw him, he was busy (talk) with his girlfriend.
9/ (See) this film before, I turned off the TV.

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- Yes, I do. I posted it in the letter box near my gate.
11/ Did you remember (lock) the door ?

- No, I didn't. I'd better (go) back and do it now.

12/ I distinctly remember (pay) him. I gave him 2 dollards.
13/ Mr Whithe was accused of (leak) information to the press.
14/ He wastes time (philander) with the girls in the village.
15/ Suddenly (feel) hungry, he (stop) (buy) a bar of chocolate.
16/ He tried (make) me (believe) that he was my stepbrother.

Exercise for Revision
1/ The department store agreed (take) back the damaged radio.

2/ Would the doctor mind (spend) some time talking to me after the examination ?

3/ Dan failed (pass) the examination and was quite upset.

4/ She expects (deliver) her baby at the new hospital.
5/ We dislike (eat) dinner at 9.00.

6/ My niece hopes (travel) with me to Disneyland next April.
7/ I finally finished (cook) at 7.00 and served dinner.

8/ Would you mind (not turn) on the radio until I finish with this phone call ?

9/ Marge's children are used to ( pick up) after school every day. They don't have to walk home.

So ... that - Such .... that

( Quá ... đến nỗi mà)

1. So ... that

a. So + adj + that +clause

Eg : - The weather is so nice that we want to go out. ( Thời tiết đẹp đến nỗi mà chúng tôi muốn đi
chơi)

b. So + adv + that +clause

Eg : He ran so fast that nobody could catch him. ( Anh ta chạy nhanh đến nỗi mà khơng ai có
thể bắt đợc anh ta)

= He ran too fast for anyone to catch. ( Anh ta chạy quá nhanh để mọi ngời có thể bắt đợc)
- She was speaking so fast that we could not understand her. ( Cô ta nói q nhanh đến nỗi mà
chúng tơi khơng thể hiểu đợc)

She was speaking too fast for us to understand. ( Cơ ta nói q nhanh để chúng tơi hiểu)

c. So + much / little + danh từ không đếm đợc + that + clause
 many /few + danh từ đếm đợc

Eg: - The Browns had so many children that they formed their own football team.
- He has so much money that he can buy all the houses in this area.

2. Such ...that

* Such + (a/an) + adj + noun + that +mệnh đề

Eg : - It is such nice weather that we want to go out. = The weather is so nice that we want to go
out.

- Nam is so kind that everyone loves him. = Nam is such a kind man that everyone loves him.
Exercise I : Chọn đáp án đúng trong số A, B, C và D

1/ I was ... terrified to move.

A. enough B. very C. too D. so

2/ She was ... a good dancer that she won the prize.

A. so B. such C. too D. very

3/ He was not fast ... to win the race.

A. so B. too C.enough D. such

4/ Lan is ... rich that she can travel anywhere she likes.

A. so B.too C. very D. enough

Exercise 2: Fill the gaps with either so or such.
1. Charlie's ___________ a nice boy.

2. The sun was out and the birds were singing. It was ___________ a beautiful day in May.
3. The movie Shrek is ___________ good it's unbelievable.

4. It was ___________ a shame you couldn't come to Laura's party.

5. The ending of the film The Mission was ___________ sad I couldn't help crying.
6. Try the cake. It's ___________ delicious.

7. I really want you to meet Andy. He's ___________ a funny guy.
8. My internet connection is ___________ slow it's unbearable.

9. The La Latina part of Madrid is ___________ exciting. You have to go there.
10. Thailand is ___________ a beautiful country.

11. The Thais are so polite. It makes ___________ a change from rude Europeans.
12. The summer of 2003 in Spain was ___________ hot. I mean really terrible.

13. Petrol and car insurance are _______ expensive that you are better off using public transport.
14. It was ___________ a relief to finally finish all my exams.

15. Moving my website to another server was ___________ a pain.
16. That restaurant makes ___________ good pizza. You have to go.

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18. They make ___________ good goats' cheese in Castilla La Mancha.
19. She talks ___________ much it's exhausting.

20. I met ___________ many nice people in Had Yai in southern Thailand
Exercise II : Viết lại các câu sau giữ nguyªn nghÜa

1 / Nam is such a lazy student that no one wants to help him.  Nam is so ...
2/ The journey was so long that all of them got tired.  It was ...
3/ The man spoke too fast for us to understand.  The man spoke...
4/ They ran too fast, so we couldn't catch them.  They ran so ...
5/ He couldn't move the piano because it was too heavy.  The piano was so...
6/ It is too cold, so we can't go out.  It is ...
7/ She spoke too quickly for me to understand.  She spoke so ...
8/ Mrs Hoa was too weak to go to work yesterday.  Mrs Hoa was so ...

Modals (§éng tõ khuyÕt thiÕu)

I/ Can

1. Form

* S + can + V
* S + can't + V
* Can + S + V ?

2. The use

* Chỉ khả năng ai đó biết làm gì ở hiện tại
Eg : - I can swim but I can't sew.

- Can you speak English ?
- Yes, I can / No, I can't

* Dùng trong lời yêu cầu ai làm gì
Eg : - Can you get me the pen ?
- Yes, certainly / Sorry, I can't

*Dùng trong lời xin phép làm gì

Eg : - Can I have some more coffee ? ( Tơi có thể xin chút cà phê nữa đợ chứ ?)

II/ Could 
1. Form

* S + Could + V
* S + couldn't + V
* Could + S + V ?

2. The use

*Chỉ khả năng ai đó biết làm gì trong quá khứ
Eg : - I could swim when I was 10.

* Dùng trong lời yêu cầu lịch sự

Eg : - Could you tell me the way to the bank please ? ( Nhờ ụng ch giỳp ng ti ngõn hng)

* Đợc dùng khi muốn xin phép làm gì

Eg : - Could I speak to Mr Baker ? (Tơi có thể nói chuyện với ông Baker đợc không ?)

* So sánh giữa could và was/were able to (có thể)
- Could để chỉ khả năng nói chung

- was / were able to để chỉ khả năng ai đó làm một việc gì trong một tình huống cụ thể.
Eg : - He could swim when he was 10.

- His house got fire yesterday. Luckily, he was able to get out of it.
( Hôm qua nhà ông ấy bị cháy. Rất may là ơng ta đã thốt ra đợc)

III/ Must 
1. Form

* S + must + V
* S + mustn't + V
* Must + S + V ?

2. The use

* Diễn tả điều chắc chắn xảy ra ở hiện tại

Eg : - He's been walking for two hours. He must be very tired.( Anh ta đã đi bộ suốt 2 tiếng đồng
hồ. Chắc hẳn anh ta rt mt)

* Diễn tả một nghĩa vụ, điều cần thiết phải làm.

Eg : - You must work hard. ( Anh phải làm việc chăm)

* So sánh giữa must và have to (phải)

- Have to có thể đợc dùng ở hiện tại, quá khứ hoặc tơng lai.

Eg : - I have to clean the door now.
- We had to go to Hai Phong yesterday.
- You 'll have to come here early tomorrow.

- Must không đợc dùng ở quá khứ. Dùng had to thay must trong quá khứ.
Eg : - You must go to London now / tomorrow.

- He had to go to London yesterday.
-Mustn't do sth : Không đợc phép làm gì

- Not have to do sth : Không cần phải làm gì

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- You don't have to do this. (Anh không cần phải làm việc này)

IV/ May ( Cã lÏ)
1. Form

* S + may + V

* S + mayn't (may not) + V
* May + S + V ?

2. The use

* Dùng để đa ra phỏng đoán

Eg : - He may be in his room now. ( Cã lÏ anh Êy ®ang ë trong phßng)
= Perhaps he is in his room now.

Maybe

It's possible that

- She may be watching TV now. ( Cã lÏ c« Êy ®ang xem ti vi)
= Perhaps she is watching TV now.

Maybe

It's possible that

- He may go to London tomorrow. ( Ngµy mai cã thĨ nã sÏ ®i London)
= Perhaps he will go to London tomorrow.

Maybe

* Dïng trong c©u xin phÐp
Eg : - May I sit here ?

* Dùng trong lời đề nghị

Eg : - May I do this for you ?

V/ Might 
1. Form :

* S + might + V
* S + mightn't (might not) + V
* Might + S + V ?

2. The use

Gièng nh c¸ch sư dơng cđa May

VI/ Should ( Nªn)
1. Form

* S + should + V

* S + shouldn't ( should not) + V
* Should + S + V ?

2. The use

* Dïng trong lêi khuyªn

Eg : - You should drink milk.
- You shouldn't smoke.

VII/ Ought to = Should
1. Form

* S + ought to + V
* S + oughtn't to + V
* Ought + S + to + V ?

2. The use

* C¸ch dïng gièng nh should

VIII/ Need (CÇn)
1. Form

* S + need + V
* S + needn't + V
* Need + S + V ?

2. The use

* Diễn tả điều cần thiết phải làm

Eg : - Need I go ? ( Tôi có cần phải ®i kh«ng ? )
- Yes, you must / No, you needn't

- You needn't go

Notes : Khi need là động từ khuyết thiếu, nó thờng đợc dùng với câu hỏi và câu phủ định.
- Need có thể đợc dùng nh động từ thờng. Sau need là động từ nguyên thể (to-infinitive)
Eg : - Do I need to go ?

- You don't need to go.
- She needs to go.

* Cách sử dụng đặc biệt của need

sth needs doing / to be done ( Cái gì đó cần đợc làm)

Eg : - Your hair needs cutting / to be cut.

Exercise I : Hãy chọn đáp án đúng trong số A.B,C hoặc D
1/ Mary can ... to the meeting.

A. come B. to come C. coming D.come
2/ Jack should ... harder.

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3/ The whole team must ... together to win the game.

A. worked B. to work C. work D. working

4/ To stay alive, people ... breathe oxygen.

A. must/have to B. must not C. don't have to

5/ My room is a mess, but I ... clean it before I go out tonight. I can do it in the morning.
A. must/have to B. must not C. don't have to D. have to
6/ You ... open the door while he's there because the light will ruin the picture.

A. must/have to B. must not C. don't have to D. needn' t to
7/ John has been working for 5 hours. He ... be very tired.

A. can B. may C.must D. should

8/ ... you please be quiet ? I'm trying to concentrate.

A. Shall B. Do C. Will D. Should

9/ ... I carry the bag for you ?

A. Shall B. Do C. Will D. Should

10/ Thanks for lending me the money. I ... pay you back on Friday.

A. can B. may C. will D. should

11/ ... we go on a picnic next Sunday ?

A. Will B. Shall C. Do D. Should

12/ My granfather was a very clever man. He ... speak 5 languages.

A. could B. can C. may D. must

13/ The phone is ringing. It ... be Tom.

A. may/might B. must C. should D. will

14/ - My salary is very low.
- You ... look for another job.

A.shall B.may C.will D. should

15/ ... I have these postcards please ?

A.Can B.Do C. Will D. Should

16/ ... you like to come to dinner tomorrow evening ?

A.Do B.Will C..Can D. Would

17/ ... you tell me how to get to the post-office please ?

A.Do B.Could C.Have D. May

18/ To be successful mountain climber, you ... have a great deal of stamina.
A. must/ have to B. must not C. don't have to

Exercise 2: Fill the gaps with either don't have to or mustn't in the correct form.
1 Sally! You ___________ say rude words like that!

2 Tommy! You ___________ pick your nose in class. It's really disgusting.
3 You ___________ finish the exercise now. You can finish it at home.
4 James ___________ go to church if he doesn't want to.

5 You ___________ drive so aggressively. You'll end up killing someone.

6 Helen ___________ make racist comments. It makes her seem really ignorant.
7 David ___________ answer your emails. There's no law about it.

8 It's OK. You ___________ pay now. You can pay me at the end of the month.
9 You ___________ stay out so late without ringing me. I was worried sick.

10 You ___________ let the cats sleep on my clean shirts. Look. They're covered in hairs.
11 You ___________ have lunch with my parents. I'm not forcing you.

12 I ___________ forget to phone Granny. It's her birthday tomorrow.

Exercise 3: Fill the gaps with need, needn't or should.

1 Remember you ___________ to take a torch and a tin-opener when you go camping.

2 You ___________ go to the shop. I've already bought the milk.

3 You ___________ say sorry to your teacher for being late. It's only polite.
4 You ___________ bother washing up. I'll do it in the morning.

5 She ___________ go to church if she doesn't want to. It's not obligatory.

6 If you want to pass all your exams, you ___________ to make a good study plan.
7 If there's anything you ___________ , let me know.

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9 Cheese and biscuits ___________ to be kept in tupperware containers; otherwise the cheese
goes hard and the biscuits go soft.

10 You ___________ pay now. You can pay me next week.

11 Clare and Simon ___________ bring their car. There's plenty of room for them in ours.
12 Families ___________ spend more time talking, instead of just watching the telly.

Modals + Perfect Infinitive

1. Must have done

* Diễn tả điều chắc chắn đã xảy ra trong quá khứ

Eg : - There was a big explosion some minutes ago. You must have heard it.
( Cách đây vài phút có tiếng nổ lớn. Chắc hẳn cậu đã nghe thấy)

- He got a bad mark yesterday. He must have been sad.
( Hôm qua anh ta bị điểm kém. Chắn chắn là anh ta rÊt buån )

2. Can't/ Couldn't have done

* Diễn tả điều chắc chắn đã không thể xảy ra trong quá khứ.

Eg : - Mr Smith was in Paris yesterday. So he can't have stolen your car.
= Surely, he didn't steal your car.

- Ông Smith ở Paris hôm qua cho nên chắc chắn ông ta không thể lấy cắp chiếc xe của ông đợc.

3. May/ Might have done

* Diễn tả điều có lẽ đã xảy ra trong quá khứ.

Eg : - I can't find my sunglasses at home. I may have left them at my friend's . = Perhaps, I
left them at my friend's . ( Tơi khơng thể tìm thấy kính. Có lẽ tơi đã để quên ở nhà bạn tôi)

4. May/ Might not have done

* Diễn tả điều có lẽ đã khơng xảy ra trong quá khứ.

Eg : - His wife was not happy this morning. He might not have bought her the dress she loved.
( Vợ ông ta sáng nay khơng vui. Có lẽ ơng ta đã không mua cho bà ta cái váy mà bà ấy thích)
= Perhaps, he didn't buy her the dress she loved.

5. Should have done = Ought to have done

* Diễn tả điều lẽ ra đã nên làm trong quá khứ.

Eg : - I didn't go to the cinema last night. The film was very interesting. I should have gone to
see it. ( H«m qua tôi không đi xem phim. Bộ phim rất hay. Lẽ ra tôi nên đi xem thì hơn)

6. Shouldn't have done / Oughtn't to have done

Eg 1 : - Why didn't you visit your uncle yesterday ? He wanted to see you. You shouln't have
stayed at home. ( Tại sao hôm qua cậu không đi thăm bác ? Bác ấy muốn gặp cậu. Lẽ ra cậu đã
không nên ở nhà)

Eg 2 : - Oh, I feel tired.( Tôi cảm thấy mệt)
- You shouldn't have eaten so much.
( Cậu lẽ ra đã không nên ăn quá nhiều)

7. Needn't have done

* Diễn tả điều lẽ ra đã không cần phải làm trong quá khứ.
Eg : - I've bought you a hat. ( Anh mua cho em cái mũ)

- Oh, you needn't have done that. My father has just bought one for me. (Lẽ ra anh không cần
phải mua. Bố em đã mua cho em rồi)

Exercise I : Hãy chọn đáp án đúng trong số A.B,C hoặc D

1/ Ali painted his bedroom black. It looks dark and dreary. He ... a different colour.

a. had to choose b. should have chosen c. must have chosen d. could have been choosing
2. When Mr. Lee was younger, he ... work in the garden for hours, but now he has to take
frequent rests because he has emphysema.

a. has got to b. can c. could d. should be able
3. Yesterday I ... to a furniture store. I bought a new lamp there.

a. could go b. went c. could have gone d. ought to have gone

4. Jimmy and Marie were mischievous children. They ... . tricks on their teachers, which always
got them into a lot of trouble.

a. could play b. used to play c. could have played d. may have played
5. - Why are you so sure that Ann didn't commit the crime she's been accused of committing ?
-She ... that crime because I was with her, and we were out of town on that day.

a. may not have committed b. couldn't have committed c. commited d. wasn't supposed to commit

6. Since we have to be there in a hurry, we ... take a taxi.

a. should b. may c. are able to d. have been used to
7. - It ... rain this evening. Why don't you take an umbrella ?

- That's a good idea. May I borrow yours ?

a. had better b. could be c. might d. must
8/ - ... you hand me that pair of scissors, please ?

- Certainly.

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9/ - Larry drove all night to get here for his sister's wedding. He ... exhausted by the time he
arrived.

- He was.

a. ought to be b. could be c. must have been d. will have been
10/ - You haven't eaten anything since yesterday afternoon. You... be really hungry !
- I am.

a. might b. will c. can d. must
11/ - I left a cookie on the table, but now it's gone. What happened to it ?

- I don't know. One of the children ... it.

a. had to eat b. should have eaten c. may have eaten d. could eat
12/ - What does Mr. Green do for a living ?

- Nothing. He's very rich. He ... work for a living.

a. must not b. shouldn't c. doesn't have to d. hadn't better
13/ - Why are you so late ?

- I ... my aunt to the airport, The traffic was very terrible.

a. could take b. should take c. had to take d. must have taken
14/ - They towed my car away from the executive parkinglot yesterday.

- You ... have parked there.

a. may not b. should not c. must not d. might not
15/ - I locked myself out of my apartment. I didn't know what to do.

- You ... your roommate.

a. should have called b. would have called c. may have called d. must have called
16/ - Barbara just told me that she can't go to the meeting tonight.

- She ... go ! We need her there for the financial report.

a. has to b. have to c. must be d. needs
17/ - I need some help with this table. ... you lift the other end, please ?
a. May b. Could c. Should d. Shall

Exercise 2 : Rewrite the following sentences.

1/ It isn't necessary to shout.  You ...
2/ It wasn't necessary for them to call for help after all.  They ...
3/ There was no need for you to have gone to all that trouble.  You ...
4/ You house needs to be redecorated.  Your house...
5/ It's possible that he didn't get my letter.  He might ...
6/ You needn't have bought it for me.  It wasn't ...
7/ I'm absolutely sure that they didn't go out in that weather.

 They can't ...
8/ "Why didn't you tell me about it yesterday ?"  You should ...
9/ I'm sure she didn't do it on purpose.  She can't...
10/ It's possible that your car was stolen.  Your car ...
11/ Perhaps Lan went to London.  Lan might...
12/ It's a pity that you didn't go to see that film at the cinema last night.

 You should ...
13/ "It was very careless of you to let the door open last night"

 You shouldn't...
14/ Perhaps Manh is repairing his bike now.  Manh may...
15/ Perhaps they have two big houses in the suburb.  They ...
16/ You ought to have reminded me about the meeting yesterday.

 Why didn't ...

Passive ( Câu bị động)

I/ Form : To be + P II

II/ Một số ví dụ đổi từ câu chủ động sang bị động

Chủ động Bị động

- Some one takes her to school every week.
- Some one is taking her to school now.
- Someone has just taken her to school.
- Some one took her to school yesterday.

- Someone was taking her to school at this time
yesterday.

- Someone had taken her to school before I got
to her house.

- Someone will take her to school soon.
- Someone should take her to school.
- Someone must take her to school.
- Someone has to take her to school.

- Someone used to take her to school when she
was young.

- She is taken to school everyday.
- She is being taken to school now.
- She has just been taken to school.

- She was taken to school.

- She was being taken to school at this time
yesterday.

- She had been taken to school before I got to
her house.

- She will be taken to school soon.
- She should be taken to school.
- She must be taken to school.
- She has to be taken to school.

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- Someone will continue to take her to school.
- Someone is going to take her to school.
- Someone should have taken her to school.
- We want someone to take her to school.
- She likes someone taking her to school.
- She likes people to help her.

- She will continue to be taken to school
- She is going to be taken to school.
- She should have been taken to school.
- We want her to be taken to school.
- She likes being taken to school.
- She likes to be helped.

III/ Một số chú ý khi đổi từ câu chủ động sang câu bị động

- Chuyển tân ngữ của câu chủ động thành chủ ngữ của câu bị động.

- Trợ động từ to be trong câu bị động đợc chia theo ngôi, và chia theo thời của câu chủ động.
- Khi chủ ngữ của câu chủ động có tính chất chung chung , khơng rõ ràng ( someone, people,
they ....) thì khi chuyển sang câu bị động ta không dùng giới từ by.

- Khi chủ ngữ của câu chủ động rõ ràng, đợc nhấn mạnh ( My father, Mr Pike ...) thì khi chuyển
sang câu bị động ta phải dùng giới từ by.

Eg: - They built this house in 1990. = This house was built in 1990.

- My father built this house in 1990. = This house was built in 1990 by my father.
Exercise 1 : Viết lại các câu sau giữ nguyên nghĩa

1/ They are building a new bridge at the moment.  A new bridge ...
2/ Somebody has taken away some of my books.  Some of my books ...
3/ The chief engineer was instructing all the workers how to use the machines. All the workers
4/ They can't make tea with cold water.  Tea ...
5/ They will hold the meeting before May Day.  The meeting ...
6/ They have to repair the engine of the car.  The engine ...
7/ People spend a lot of money on advertising every year. A lot ...
8/ The boys broke the windows and took away some pictures.  The window ...
9/ They may use this room for the classroom.  This room...
10/ Our teacher is going to tell a story.  A story ...
11/ Mary is cutting the cake with a sharp knife.  The cake ...
12/ The children looked at the woman with a red hat.  The woman...
13/ You mustn't use this machine after 5.30.  This machine ...
14/ Luckily for me, they didn't call my name.  Luckily for me,...
15/ I knew that they had told him of the meeting.  I knew ...
16/ Nobody has ever treated me with such kindness.  I ...
17/ Do they teach English here ?  Is ...

18/ Did your teacher give you some exercises ?  Were ...
19/ Have they changed the window of the laboratory ?  Has ...
20/ Will the buses bring the children home ?  Will ...
21/ How can they open this safe ?  How ...
22/ Why didn't they help him ?  Why ...
23/ What books are people reading this year ?  What books ...
24/ Someone should look into the matter.  The matter ...
25/ The police advise drivers to use an alternative rout.  Drivers ...
26/ The bank manager kept me waiting for half an hour.  I ...
27/ He wants someone to take some photographs.  He wants ...
28/ He likes people to call him "sir".  He likes ...
29/ She hates people looking at her.  She ...
30/ I don't like people making fun of me.  I ...

IV/ Một số trờng hợp đổi đặc biệt
1. Câu có 2 tân ngữ

- My father gave an English book to me. = I was given an English book by my father.
= An English book was given to me by my father.

2. Câu có 2 cách đổi

Các động từ sau đợc sử dụng trong loại câu này nh : say, think, know, believe, report ( thông báo, 
báo cáo), consider ( cho rằng ), acknowledge ( thừa nhận) ...

Eg1 : - They say that Mr Pike works in a big company.

C¸ch 1 : - It is said that Mr Pike works in a big company.

C¸ch 2 : - Mr Pike is said to work in a big company. ( Ngời ta nói Ông Pike làm việc cho mét

c«ng ty lín)

Eg2 : - They say that Mr Ron is living abroad now.

C¸ch 1 : -It is said that Mr Ron is living abroad.

Cách2 : - Mr Ron is said to be living abroad now. ( Ông Ron đợc ngời ta nói là đang sống ở nớc
ngồi)

Eg3 : - People believe that Mrs Ha has left her job. ( Mọi ngời nghĩ rằng Bà Hà đã bỏ việc)

C¸ch 1 : - It is thought that Mrs Ha has left her job.

C¸ch 2 : - Mrs Ha is thought to have left her job.

3. They didn't mention any names.( Họ không nhắc tới cái tên nào cả)
= No names were mentioned.( Khơng có cái tên nào đợc nhắc tới)

4. Who wrote this book ?

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5. My father lets me watch TV in the evening.( Bố tôi để cho tôi xem TV vào buổi tối)
= I am let watch TV in the evening by my mother.

6. Our father made us work hard.( Bè chóng tôi bắt chúng tôi phải làm việc tích cực)
= We were made to work hard by our father.

7. They saw him come in. ( Họ đã nhìn thấy anh ta đi vào ) = He was seen to come in.

8. They saw him coming in. ( Hä nh×n thÊy anh ta đang đi vào)
= He was seen coming in.

9. I remember that my father took me to the zoo last month.

= I remember my father taking me to the zoo last month

( Tôi nhớ là bố tôi đã đa tôi tới vờn thú vào tháng trớc)

= I remember being taken to the zoo last month by my father.( Tôi nhớ đã đợc bố đa tới vờn thú
tháng trớc )

10. You should know how to drive. ( Bạn cần phải biết lái xe.)

- It is your duty to know how to drive. = You are supposed to know how to drive.
Exercise : Rewrite the following sentences

1/ The teacher gave each of us two exercise books.  Each ...
2/ People believe that number 13 is unlucky number.  Number 13...
3/ People know that English is an international language.  English ...
4/ People think that Jack London's life and writings represent the American love of adventures.
 Jack London's life and writings ...
5/ They say that John is the brightest student in the class.  John ...
6/ People think that he has died a natural death.  He ...
7/ They reported that the troops were coming.  The troops ...
8/ People say that he left the town some hours ago.  He ...
9/ People saw Mr Lake steal your car.  Mr Lake ...
10/ We won't let you do that silly thing again.  You ...
11/ People here don't make their children work hard.  Their children...
12/ You need to have your hair cut.  Your hair ...
13/ It's your duty to do this work.  You ...
14/ I remember my brother taking me to the park.  I remember ...

15/ They didn't pay me for the work ; they expected me to do it for nothing.  I...
16/ You should have taken these books back to the library.  These books ...
17/ People consider that she is the best singer that Australia has ever produced.  She ...
18/ They will continue to use it.  It ...
19/ Peter objects to people laughing at him.  Peter ...
20/ Who wrote this book ?  By ...
21/ There is a rumour that the criminal is living in town.  The criminal ...
22/ People saw him climbing over the wall.  He ...
23/ They offered me a job yesterday.  I ...
 A job ...
24/ Why did no one inform me of the change of the plan ?  Why wasn't ...?
25/ Did the idea interest you ?  Were ...?
26/ They say that her smile hides a secret.  It ...
27/ They said that the company was losing a lot of money.  The company ...
28/ People think that an apple a day is good for you.  An apple ...
29/ Someone saw them dumping rubbish.  They ...

Revision 2

I/ Chọn đáp án đúng trong số A, B , C hoặc D

1/ ... I post that letter for you on my way to the post-office ?

A. Do B. Shall C. Would D. Will

3/ She had to do the shopping for her neighbour, ... she ?

A. didn't B. hadn't C. does D. isn't

5/ At half past ten this morning, I ... along the motorway.

A. had driven B. was driving C. drove D. had been driving
6/ You ... talk too loud ! The children are sleeping.

A.mustn't B. don't have to C. needn't D. must
8/ What have you been doing ... last Sunday, George ?

A. after B. for C. until D. since

10/ The child ... asleep when he was playing with his toys.

A. fell B. falls C. had fallen D. was falling
II/ Viết lại các câu sau giữ nguyên nghÜa

1/ You're the worst guitarist in the world.

 No one ...
2/ It was a waste of time writing that letter.

 You needn't ...
3/ It is acknowledged that Vietnam had a complete control over SARS from a very early stage of
the epidemic.

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6/ Ms Quyen began teaching Chinese ten years ago.

 Ms Quyen has ...
7/ The robber forced the cashier to hand over the money.

 The cashier...
10/ Everyone believes that he is dead.

 He ...
11/ I can't speak English as well as my mother.

 My mother is ...
12/ They have been living here for 6 years now.

 They moved to this house ...
13/ How long is it since you saw Mary ?

 When ...
14/ It wasn't necessary for you to go into so much trouble on my behalf.

 You...
15/ Why didn't you think of that before ?

 You should ...
16/ It's possible that our men got there unsafe.

 Our men might ...
17/ We must do something about it.

 Something ...
18/ It's the best butter that I've ever eaten.

 I've never ...
19/ My legal advisor has told me not to say any more at this time.

 I have ...
20/ Everyone knows that eating fruit is good for your health.

 Eating fruit ...
21/ People say that the late Mr John was difficult to work with.

 The late ...
22/ The Chinese are believed to have invented the gunpowder.

 It is ...
23/ It is thought that the two injured men were repairing high-tension cables.

 The two ...
24/ Everyone wished they had listened more carefully to the lecture.

 Everyone regretted ...
25/ The discovery of new drug is helping the fight against this disease.

 The fight ...
26/ Need we leave so early ?

 Do we ...?
27/ I don't believe that you have lost your keys again.

 You can't ...
28/ I'm sure you had a good time at the party.

You must ...
29/ Perhaps they didn't notice the tire was flat.

 They might ...
30/ Why didn't you help your mother when she was ill ?

 You should ...

31/ "Helen, would you like to come to lunch on Sunday ?", said Mary.

 Mary invited ...
32/ "Don't forget to buy some milk, Andy", said Clare.

 Clare reminded ...
33/ "Make sure you don't take the A20 in the rush hour, Tim", said Jack.

 Jack warned ...
34/ "Me ? No, I didn't take Sue's calculator," said Bob.

 Bob denied ...
35/ "Why don't you go and see "The Sound of Silence" again, Brian ?", I said.

 I suggested ...
36/ He hasn't written to his parents for 2 months now.

 The last time ...
37/ I've never been to Scotland before.

 This is ...
38/ He started learning French 3 years ago.

 He has ...
39/ We haven't seen Ann for ages.

 It's ...

40/ I last saw him when I was a student.

 I ...
41/ She is the most interesting girl I've ever known.

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 I can't ...
43/ No one in my group dances better than Hoa.

 Hoa is ...
44/ I'm not good at English as my sister.

 My sister ...
45/ Mr Hai is a slower worker than Mr Chinh.

 Mr Hai...
46/There aren't as many parks in Hanoi as in London.

 There are ...
III/ Söa lỗi sai trong các câu sau (Mỗi câu có một lỗi sai)

1/ Thomas started working for that company for twelve years.
2/ It was a great party last night. You should come. Why didn't you ?
3/ You've been travelling all day. You can be very tired.

4/ I don't know where Margaret is now. She may in her office.
5/ Today is Sunday. You mustn't get up early.

6/ Hello ! Do I speak to Tom please ?
7/ Mr Jack is older 2 years than Mr Pike.

8/ If you move quiet, you can see small wild animals in the area.
9/ Competitive cyclists must react calm during tournaments.
IV/ Dùng từ gợi ý để viết thành câu hoàn chỉnh

1/ Jack London / life and writing / think / by many / represent / American / love of adventure//
2/ It / know / she / work / foreign company/ now//

3/ It / 5 years / since / I / visit / home village //

4/ James Watt / Scottish scientist / invent / steam engine / years ago.
5/ When / rain / you / should / not / out//

6/ A lot / work / do / this house / recently.

Conditional ( Câu điều kiện)

I/ Câu điều kiện loại 1

- Là loại câu chỉ tình huống có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tơng lai.

MÉu c©u :

Mệnh đề if Mệnh đề chính

Hiện tại đơn will/may/might/can/should ...+ V

Mệnh đề If có thể đứng trớc hoặc đứng sau.

Eg : - If you work hard, you'll pass the exam. ( Nếu bạn học chăm, bạn sẽ thi đỗ )
- You won't pass the exam if you don't work hard.

*Notes : - Có thể dùng may, might, should .... ở mệnh đề chính tùy theo tình huống.

Eg : - If you feel tired, you should go to bed early. (Nếu bạn cảm thấy mệt, bạn nên đi ngủ)

- Cú th dựng dng thức mệnh lệnh ở mệnh đề chính.

Eg : - Please tell him to come to my office if you see him.
- Hãy bảo anh ta đến văn phịng của tơi nếu cậu gặp anh ta.

- Có thể dùng động từ thời hiện tại hoàn thành ở mệnh đề if

Eg : - If you have written your letter, I'll post it. (NÕu cËu viÕt xong th, tí sÏ gưi cho cËu)
- If cã thÓ thay b»ng when:

Eg : - When the school year finishes, I'll visit my grandparents.
( Khi năm học kết thúc, tớ sẽ đi thăm «ng bµ)

Exercise : Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form.
1/ I (look) for your note book and if I (find) it I (give) you a ring.

2/ If he (be) late, we (go) without him.
3/ If you (come) late, they (not let ) you in.
4/ If we (work ) all night we (finish) in time.

5/ Tell him to take his bike inside. If he (leave) it outside, someone (steal) it.

6/ Wait until I (be) ________ ready.

7/ The meeting (start) _______ when everybody arrives.
8/ Let's phone Mandy now before it (be) _______ too late.

9/ If he (not know) _______ what to do he'll ask his mum.

II/ Câu điều kiện loại 2

- L loại câu chỉ tình huống khơng thể xảy ra ở hiện tại, trái với thực tế ở hiện tại. Đó là tình 
huống giả định.

MÉu c©u :

Mệnh đề if Mệnh đề chính

Quá khứ đơn would/might/could...+ V

Eg : - Mrs Hoa is too old, so she can't apply for the job. If Mrs Hoa were younger, she would/
could apply for the job. ( Nếu bà Hoa trẻ hơn, bà ấy sẽ nộp đơn xin việc)

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- I don't have money now. If I had money, I would/ could/ might buy that house.
(Bây giờ tơi khơng có tiền. Nếu tơi có tiền, tơi sẽ mua ngơi nhà đó)

- It is raining. I have to stay at home. If it weren't raining, I wouldn't stay at home.
Exercise: Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form.
1/ If I (win) a big prize in a lottery, I (give) up my job.

2/ If I (be) sent to prison, you (visit) me ?
3/ I (not drink) that wine if I (be) you.
4/ I (get) a job easily if I (have) a degree.

5/ Of course I'm not going to give her a diamond ring. If I (give) her, she (sell) it.

6/ If we (work ) all night we (finish) in time, but we have no intention of working all night.

7/ Look at poor Tom trying to start his car by hand again. If I (be) Tom, I (get) a new

battery.

8/ I'd go to see him more often if I (live) _____ nearer.
9/ If I knew you were right, I (agree) ______ with you.

10/ If I (win) ____________ a lot of money, I would give up my job.
11/ I (buy ) ____________ shares in that company if they were cheaper.

III/ Câu điều kiện loại 3

Là loại câu chỉ tình huống trái với thực tế trong quá khứ.
Mẫu câu :

Mnh if Mnh chớnh

Quá khứ hoàn thành (had done) would / might/could ... have done

Eg : - The weather was bad yesterday. I had to stay at home. If the weather had been fine
yesterday, I would have gone out. (Nếu hôm qua trời đẹp, có lẽ tơi đã đi chơi rồi)

- If the weather hadn't been bad, I wouldn't have stayed at home.
- Nếu thời tiết không xấu, tôi đã không ở nhà.

Exercise : Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form.
1/ I had no maps; that's why I got lost. If I (have) a map I (be) all right.

2/ The job is much worse than I expected. If I (realise) how awful it was going to be I (not accept )
it.

3/ I'm sorry you didn't tell me that dogs were allowed in the hotel; if I (know) I (bring) my dog.

He (enjoy) the walk.

4/ It rained, which spoiled our picnic; but if it (not rain) it (be) a great success.

5/ I didn't recognize him at first because he was wearing dark glasses; if he (not wear) them I
(recognize) him immediately.

6/ - Why didn't you phone me from the village ?

- Because there was no phone in the village. If there (be), of course we (phone) from there.
7/ We had to stand almost all the way. It was all Tom's fault. If he (book) seats, as I told him to, we
(have) quite a comfortable journey.

IV/ Câu điều kiện hỗn hợp ( 2 + 3)

Là câu chỉ tình huống trái với thực tế ở hiện tại và quá khứ.

Mẫu câu :

Mnh if Mnh chớnh

Quá khứ hoàn thành (had done) would/might/could...+ V

would/might/could ... be + V-ing

Eg :- I ate too much this morning. Now I feel uncomfortable.
- Sáng nay tôi ăn quá nhiều. Bây giờ tôi cảm thÊy khã chÞu.

- If I hadn't eaten too much this morning, I wouldn't feel uncomfortable now.
- Nếu sáng nay tôi không ăn nhiều thì bây giờ tơi đã khơng cảm thấy khó chịu.
- I'm not having a good time now, because I had an accident yesterday.

- If I hadn't had an accident yesterday, I would be having a good time now.
Exercise : Rewrite the following sentences
1/ I'm having a lot of trouble now because I lost my passport last week.

 If I ...
2/ Lan feels tired now because she ate too much this morning.

 If Lan ...
3/ I'm sick now because I went to the stadium yesterday afternoon.

 If I ...
4/ He didn't learn hard at school; that's why he is unemployed now.

 If he ...

V/Một số trờng hợp khác

1. Should c dựng trong câu loại 1

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Dïng should khi thÊy khả năng ít xảy ra hơn.
2. Wish ( Ước)

a. Ước điều trái với thực tế ở hiện tại
S1 + wish + S1 / S2 + did sth / were ....
Eg : - I am old now. I wish I were younger.

- Mr Blake doesn't have a house. He wishes he had a big house.

b. Ước điều trái với thực tế trong qu¸ khø

Eg : - Last night I went to the cinema. Now I am tired. I wish I hadn't gone to the cinema last
night. ( Hôm qua tôi đã đi xem phim. Bây giờ tôi mệt. Tôi ớc giá hơm qua mình đừng đi)
- He didn't learn hard at school. He regrets now.

Anh ta đã không học chăm chỉ khi còn ở trờng. Bây giờ anh ta hối tiếc.

= - He wishes he had learned hard = He regrets not having learned / learning hard.
Anh ta ớc trớc kia đã học hành chăm chỉ.

* Notes : - Wish có thể đợc dùng nh động từ want :

Eg : - I wish to visit my uncle = I want to visit my uncle.

Exercise : Rewrite the following sentences

1/ I'm afraid I haven't got time to listen to you.  I wish ...
2/ I have to work tomorrow (but I'd like to stay in bed)  I wish ...
3/ What a pity Mai can't come.  I wish ...
4/ My brother regretted not learning Russian before.  My brother wished ...
5/ I'm sorry that I asked her to stay.  Now I wish ...

3. Unless

Thêng dùng trong câu điều kiện loại 1

Eg : - If you don't start at once, you'll be late = You'll be late unless you start at once.

NÕu cËu không bắt đầu ngay, cậu sẽ bị muộn. (Cậu sẽ bị muộn trừ khi cậu bắt đầu ngay)
 Unless = If not

Exercise : Rewrite the following sentences

1/ I'll only help you if you promise to try harder.  Unless ...
2/ The fire will go out if someone doesn't put some more coal on. - Unless ...
3/ If you don't take care of those shoes, they won't last for long. - Unless ...
4/ If we don't hurry, the sun will rise before we reach the top.  Unless ...
5/ If it doesn't stop raining, they will cancel the tournament. - Unless...
6/ The child will die if nobody sends for a doctor.  Unless ...

4. Otherwise ( Nếu không thì)
Có thể dùng với câu loại 1,2 và 3

Eg 1 : - You should start at once; otherwise you'll be late.
- Anh nên bắt đầu ngay, nếu không anh sẽ bị muộn.

Eg 2 : - It is raining now; otherwise I would go out.
- Trời đang ma, nếu không tôi sẽ đi chơi.

Eg 3 :- Yesterday, I was ill; otherwise I would have gone to Da lat.
- Hôm qua tôi ốm, nếu khơng thì tơi đã đi Đà lạt rồi.

5. Or (else) Nếu không
Dùng tơng tự nh Otherwise

Eg : - Put the jacket on or (else) / otherwise you'll catch a cold

- Mặc áo vào nếu không con sẽ bị lạnh đấy. = If you don't put the jacket on, you'll catch a cold.

6. If only

Thờng dùng với loại 2 và 3 , tơng tự nh wish
Eg : - We don't have a map. If only we had one.

- Chúng tôi không có bản đồ. Giá mà chúng tơi có một cái.

Eg : - I didn't know Lan was here yesterday. If only I had known that.
Tôi không biết hôm qua cô ta ở đây. Giá mà tơi biết điều đó.

- Có thể đợc dùng nh 1 vế của câu điều kiện

Eg : - If only I were a bit younger, I would apply for that job.
- Giá mà tôi trẻ hơn một chút, tôi sẽ nộp đơn xin việc.

7. But for = If it weren't for sth / sb

If it hadn't been 
 NÕu kh«ng vì điều gì

- Thờng dùng với câu loại 2 và lo¹i 3.

Eg1 :- It is very cold. But for the weather, we would go on holiday.
= If it weren't for the weather, we would ...

- Trời rất lạnh. Nếu khôngvì thời tiết, chúng tôi sẽ đi nghỉ.

Eg 2 : - It was very cold yesterday. But for the weather, we would have visited our teacher.
= If it hadn't been for the weather, we would have visited ...

- Hôm qua trời rất lạnh. Nếu khơng vì thời tiết chúng tơi đã đi thăm cơ giáo rồi.

8. Bá if

* Trong c©u ®iỊu kiƯn lo¹i 3 :

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= Had he not gone to ...

* Trong câu điều kiện loại 2 víi were

- If she were younger ... = Were she younger ...

Exercise : Rewrite the following sentences
1/ It was the goal-keeper who saved the match for us.

 Had it ...
2/ The only thing that prevented the passing of the bill was the death of the Prime Minister.
 Had it ...
3/ It would have been a superb weekend if it hadn't been for the weather.

 Had ...
4/ She can't go camping because of her age.

 Were she ...
5/ He did that way because he didn't listen to our advice.

 Had he ...

9. In case

a. In case of sth = If there is sth : Nếu có cái gì

Eg : - In case of fire, ring this number = If there is a fire, ring this number.
- Trong trêng hợp có cháy, hÃy gọi số này.

b. In case : Phòng khi (Động từ sau in case dùng thời hiện tại đơn)

Eg :- I'll buy some more cakes in case there are a lot of guests coming to my house tonight.
Tơi sẽ đi mua thêm một ít bánh phịng khi có nhiều khách đến vào tối nay.

10. Providing ( that) = If : MiƠn lµ, với điều kiện là, nếu...
 Provided (that)

As/ So long as 
 On condition that

Eg : - If you promise to return my car early, I'll let you take it.
-Nếu bạn hứa trả sớm, tớ sẽ cho bạn mợn xe.

= As long as you promise to return my car early, I'll let you take it.
Provided that

Providing that

On condition that

( Miễn là bạn hứa ...tớ sẽ ...)

Exercise : Rewrite the following sentences
1/ If you want my advice, I'd forget about buying a new house.

 If I ...

2/ If there's an emergency, ring this number.

 In case ...
3/ He spends too much money on his clothes.

 If I ...
4/ Minh is overweight because he eats too much chocolate.

 If Minh ...

5/ You should take a map with you because you might get lost in the mountains.
 In case ...

6/ We won't go on holiday unless we have enough money.
 If we ...
7/ "You shouldn't eat too much meat !'

 If I ...
8/ Without her help we would all have died.

 If it ...
9/ It's such a pity your sister can't come as well.

 If only ...
10/ Keeping calm is the secret of passing your driving test.

 As long as ...
11/ I'll lend you the money as long as you promise to pay me back.

 On condition that ...

12/ The only thing that prevented the passing of the bill was the death of the Prime Minister.
 But for ...
13/ It would have been a superb weekend if it hadn't been for the weather.

 But for ...

14/ If we don't hurry, the sun will rise before we reach the top.
 We should hurry,...
15/ What a shame you didn't tell me earlier.

 If only ...
16/ She can't go camping because of her age.

 If ...
17/ What would you do if there was an earthquake ?

 Supposing ...
18/ Lan feels tired now because she ate too much this morning.

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19/ Pay me back the money, or else I'll tell your mother.

 If ...
20/ What a pity Mai can't come.

 I wish ...
21/ My sister regretted not working hard before.

 My sister wished ...

22/ We should leave now, otherwise we'll be late for the class.

 If we...
23/ I'm sorry that I asked her to stay.

 Now I wish ...
24/ He lost his money because he wasn't careful.

 If he ...
25/ It was his own fault that he lost his job. He was late for work every morning.
 If he ...

26/ I only made that mistake because I didn't think.

 If I ...
27/ I only bought that dog because my children wanted a pet.

 If my children ...
28/ It was overeating that caused his heart attack.

 If he hadn't ...
29/ He did that way because he didn't listen to our advice.

 If he ...

Would rather- Prefer- Have sth done- As if

It's time - Used to - Had better- Suggest

1. Had better

* Had better do sth/ not do sth

Eg :- You'd better go there alone. ( Bạn nên tới đó một mình)
- You'd better not smoke. ( Cậu không nên hút thuốc)

2. Used to do sth - Be/ get used to doing sth
* Used to do sth ( Thờng làm gì trong quá khø)
Eg : - I used to play chess when I was at school.

* Be / Get used to doing sth (Quen với việc làm gì)

Eg : - I get / am used to getting up early now.

3. Prefer

* Prefer to do / doing sth ( ThÝch làm gì - chỉ sở thích nói chung) 
Eg : - I prefer to live / living in the country.

* Prefer sth to sth ( ThÝch cái gì hơn cái gì)
- Eg : - She prefers tea to coffee.

* Prefer doing sth to doing sth ( Thích làm việc gì hơn làm việc gì)
Eg : - I prefer playing the guitar to going swimming.

- Lan prefers playing football to tennis.

* Would prefer to do sth ( Muèn lµm g×)
Eg : - I'd prefer to stay at home.

* Would prefer sb to do sth / not to do sth ( muốn ai đó làm gì)
Eg : - I 'd prefer you to finish your work by 5 o'clock.

4. Would rather

* Would rather do sth than do sth ( ThÝch làm gì hơn làm gì )
Eg : - I'd rather read books than watch TV.

- We'd rather play the piano than the guitar.

* Would rather do sth ( Muốn làm gì)

not do sth ( Không muốn làm gì)
Eg : - We'd rather stay at home.

- George would rather not go out.

* Would rather S did sth / didn't do sth ( Muốn ai làm gì / Không muốn ai làm gì - Trái với thực tế
ở hiện tại)

Eg : - I'd rather you stopped smoking now.
- I'd rather you didn't smoke.

* Would rather S had done sth / hadn't done sth

Eg : - I'd rather you had come here yesterday. ( Tôi muốn hôm qua cậu tới đây)
- You didn't come here yesterday. (Thực tế là cậu đã không tới)

- I'd rather she hadn't said that. ( Tôi muốn là cơ ta đã khơng nói điều đó.)
- She said that. (Thực tế là cơ ta đã nói)

Exercise 1 : Rewrite the following sentences

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6. I don't really want to have lunch yet.  I'd rather...
7. I'd prefer you to deliver the sofa on Friday.  I would rather ...
8. She prefers Italian food to French food.  She'd ...
9. I'd rather go out for a meal than stay at home.  I prefer ...
11. I'd rather not see him tomorrow.  I don't ...
12. He prefers golf to tennis.  He'd rather ...
13. I don't really want to visit the museum.  I'd rather ...
14. I'd rather you started work next week.  I'd prefer ...
15. Please don't go there.  I'd ...
16. I don't feel like spreading another day at the beach.  I 'd rather ...
17. I'd rather you didn't phone me at work.  I'd prefer ...
18. We'd rather you didn't smoke .  We'd prefer ...
19. She doesn't usually stay up so late.  She's not used ...
20. It's not a habit of mine to sleep in the afternoon.  I'm ...

Exercise 2 : Correct the mistakes in the following sentences ( Each sentence has one mistake)
1. I would rather don't go out with him.

2. I 'd rather you spend less money on clothes.
3. I 'd rather you didn't come here yesterday.
4. You'd better don't smoke here.

5. He's not used to work overtime.

5. It's time

* It's time to do sth ( Đã đến giờ làm gì)

Eg : - It's time to go home now.

* It's time for sb to do sth ( Đã đến giờ ai phải làm gì)

- Eg : - It's time for us to go home now.

* It's ( about/ high) time sb did sth ( Đã đến lúc ai phải làm gì)

Eg : - It's 10 o'clock now. It's time he got up. ( Bây giờ đã 10 giờ rồi. Đã đến lúc anh ta phải dậy)
- You are too lazy. It's about time you worked hard.

6. As if / as though

* As if / as though víi nghÜa cã vỴ nh

Eg : - She looks as if she is tired. ( C« ta tr«ng cã vỴ mƯt mái) = Perhaps she is tired.
- It looks as if it's going to rain. ( Cã vỴ nh trêi s¾p ma)

* As if / as though víi nghĩa nh thể là( Chỉ tình huống trái với thực tế ở hiện tại hoặc tơng lai)

Eg : - Mr John talks as if he was / were rich. ( Ông John nói chuyện cứ nh là ông ta giàu có lắm)
He's not rich ( Thực tế ông ta không giàu)

- She talks as if she knew everything. (Cô ta nói chuyện cứ nh thể là cô ta biết mọi thø )
- She knows nothing (thùc tÕ c« ta kh«ng biÕt g×)

- Mrs Young feels as if she was sitting on the fire. ( Bà Young cảm thấy nh đang ngồi trên lửa)
- He looked as though he had seen a ghost. (Nom ơng ta cứ nh đã nhìn thấy ma rồi)

Exercise 1 : Rewrite the following sentences

1. I think the City Council should do something about the city's traffic problems.

 It's high time...
2.The house seemed to have been unoccupied for several years.

 It looked as if ...
3. The children should start doing their homework now.

 It is time ...
4. Fares will be likely to go up again this summer.

 It looks as if ...
5. I really think you ought to acquire a few manners.

 It's high time ...
6. You really should be able to dress yourself by now.

 It's high ...
7. We'd better buy a new cooker.

 It's ...
8. I had better get back to work.

 It's ...
9. I think it may rain.

 It looks ...
Exercise 2 : Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form

1. I want (talk) to the person who broke that cup.

2. We prefer (listen) to music to (watch) TV.
3. It's about time Tom (pay) attention to his clothes.
4. It's time for him (go) down.

5. Brian is a terrible driver. He drives as if he (be) the only driver on the road.
6.I don't like Mrs White. She talks as if she (know) everything.

7. Do you hear that music next door ? It sounds as if they (have) a party.
8. Mr Ha had never been to Paris, but he talked as if he (be) there once.

Exercise 3 : Correct the mistakes in the following sentences ( Each sentence has one mistake)

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2. I would rather don't go out with him.
3. I 'd rather you don't drink beer.

4. He looks at me as though I am from another planet.
5. I 'd rather you came here yesterday.

7. Have / Get sth done (Nhờ ai làm công việc gì)

Eg : - The garage repaired the car for us yesterday. = We had / got the car repaired ( by the
garage) yesterday.

- They are going to deliver the milk to me. = I'm going to have/ get the milk delivered.
Exercise : Rewrite the following sentences

1. He is getting someone to mend the windows.  He's having ...
2. The garage is going to repair the car for us next week.  We are going ...
3. Somebody repaired her car yesterday.  She ...
4. Mr Brown washed the walls for me yesterday.  I had ...

5. All his suits were made in Paris.  He ...
6. They are going to tune my piano tomorrow.  I'm ...

8. Become/ feel/ get / keep/ taste / seem / sound / smell / look+ adj
* Eg : - He became angry when he heard the news.

- We feel tired now.
- It's getting dark.
- Keep calm !

- This cake tastes good.

- They seemed bored with what I was talking.

* Make / Find sb/ sth + adj

Eg : - That film made us tired. ( Bộ phim làm chúng tôi mệt mỏi)
- I find this book interesting. ( Tôi thấy cuốn sách này hay)

* S + find + it + adj + to do sth

Eg : My father found it easy to repair the bike.( Bố tôi thấy dễ khi sửa xe đạp)
Exercise 1 : Rewrite the following sentences
1. It's extremely difficult for us to make ends meet these days.

 We find ...
2. It is increasingly difficult for me to read without my glasses.
 I am finding ...
3/ I wasn't interested in the film, so I turned TV off.

 I didn't find ...
4. I'm always nervous when I travel by air.

 Travelling ...

Exercise 2 : Correct the mistakes in the following sentences ( Each sentence has one mistake)

1/ My father looked angrily when he saw what I'd done.
2/ My friend finds driving on the left difficulty.

3/ You shouldn't drink this milk. It smells terribly.
4/ When I met Jim yesterday, he seemed anxiously.

9. Suggest ( Gợi ý)

* Suggest doing sth ( Gợi ý làm g×)

Eg : - My brother suggested painting the house green.

* Suggest (that) S ( should ) do sth ( Gợi ý rằng ai đó nên làm gì)

Eg : - They suggested that I should apply for that job. ( Họ gợi ý là tôi nên nộp đơn xin việc)
- I suggest to my cousin that he should marry that woman. ( Tôi gợi ý cho anh họ của mình nên
c-ới cơ đó)

- Lu ý : - I suggest that you apologise to her. ( Kh«ng dùng should trong lời gợi ý trực tiếp)
( Tôi gợi ý là cậu nên xin lỗi cô ấy)

Exercise: Rewrite the following sentences

1. The doctor advised me to rest.  The doctor suggested ...
2. " Why don't you put a better lock on the door, Bang ?", said John.

 John suggested ...
3. If you don't want Sally to be angry with you, I suggest you apologise.

 You'd ...
4." Why don't you put your luggage under the seat ?"- He asked me.

 He suggested ...
5. "Let's invite the Browns to the party on Sunday", he said.

 He suggested ...

Reported Speech (Câu gián tiếp)

* Những biến đổi khi đổi từ câu trực tiếp sang gián tiếp

DIRECT REPORTED
is seeing was seeing

sees saw

DIRECT REPORTED
here there

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saw saw/had seen
has seen had seen
will see would see
is going to see was going to see
can see could see

these those
now then
today that day

yesterday the previous day
tomorrow the next day
Exercise 1: Chọn từ, cụm từ đúng trong số a,b và c

1. Agnes "I love aikido."

Michael: "Agnes said (that) she ___ aikido."

a. loved b. loves c. loving
2. Magda: "I went skiing."

John: "Magda said (that) she ___ skiing."

a. went b. had gone c. have gone
3. Simon: "I will eat pierogi for dinner."

Kate: "Simon said (that) he ___ eat pierogi for dinner."

a. willing b. will c. would
4. Maria: "I have been to Gdansk."

Donata: "Maria said (that) she ___ to Gdansk."

a. had been b. has been c. was being
5. Peter: "I have had three cars."

Simon: "Peter said (that) she ___ three cars.

a. has b. has had c. had had
6. Victoria: "I'm going to go to Poznan."

John: "Victoria said (that) she ___ going to go to Poznan."

a. is b. was c. went
7. Anna: "I don't like coffee."

Eric: "Anna said (that) she ___ like coffee."

a. doesn't b. don't c. didn't
8. Roman: "I have never been to London."

Alicja: "Roman said (that) he ___ never been to London."

a. had b. has c. have
9. Joanna: "I was swimming."

Simon: "Joanna said (that) she ___ swimming.

a. has been b. had been c. have been
10. Hania: "I had a cat."

Ela: Hania said (that) she had ___ a cat."

a. have b. has c. had
11. Simon: "I can't swim."

Donata: "Simon said (that) she ___ swim."

a. can't b. couldn't c. can not
12. Jacek: "I won't buy a new car."

Kasia: "Jacek said (that) she ___ by a new car."

a. won't b. will c. wouldn't
Exercise 2: Chun c¸c câu sau sang gián tiếp

1. "It's raining," she said.
2. He said to her, "I love you."

3. "I saw Maria in the supermarket yesterday," said Carlos.
4. "We've lived here for three years," he said.

5. "I'll bring a pasta salad," said Francesca.

6. "Mark's going to install solar panels," said Miranda.
7. "They found gold here," said the geology teacher.
8. "Jenny can't speak French," said Pierre.

9. "I first met my wife in Seville," he told us.

10. "I want your homework handed in by tomorrow," he said.

* Reported Speech for Questions

+ "Are you happy, Carla?" asked Bob.

 Bob asked Carla if/whether she was happy.

+ "Where's your director ?", asked the customer.
 The customer asked me where my director was.

Exercise: Convert the questions below into reported speech.
1. "Can they play the piano?" she asked.

2. "Has Sarah ever been to Siena?" he asked.
3."Are they French or Canadian?," asked Charlie.
4."Where do bears live?" asked George.

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6."Are we going out tonight?" asked Bob.
7."Can I use your mobile, John?" asked Sarah.
8."Have you ever been to Lisbon?" Luis asked Paul.
9."What has Daddy made for dinner?" asked Simon.
10."Is the Pope a Catholic," asked JK.

11."Who won the match?" asked Monica.

12."Have you fed the cat yet, Philip?" asked Letizia.
13."How much does it cost?" asked Carlos.

* Reported Speech for Orders

"Don't turn on the light," she said to him.
 She told him not to turn on the light.

Exercise: Convert the orders below into reported speech.

1. "Shut up, everybody!" said the teacher.

2. "Open the window, Robert," said Jane.
3. "Phone your granny," she told him.
4. "Don't be late," she warned him.

5. "Don't talk to strangers, Michael," said his mother.
6. "Don't listen to a word he says," she told me.
7. "Clare, help me clean up the kitchen," said Tony.
8. "Fiona, get out of my way," said Alastair.

9. "Boys! Stay away from the dog when he's eating," said Dad.
10. "Minnie, don't scratch the sofa," said Bob.

11. "Carla, don't pick your nose in class," said the teacher.
12. "Look after your sister," said my father.

13. "Break a leg, Oliver," said the actor.

* Reporting Verbs Exercise:

Fill the gaps using the verbs in the box. Use each verb once only.
advise hope promise suggest

beg insist remind threaten
deny invite refuse warn
1."I didn't do it," she said.

 She ________________ doing it.
2."Have lunch with me," she said.

 She ________________ me to have lunch with her.
3."Why don't you buy one?" said Tom.

 Tom ________________ I buy one.

4."I promise I'll take you to Prague," said Mary.
 Mary ________________ to take me to Prague.
5."I hope Andy phones tonight," said Clare.

 Clare ________________ Andy would phone that night.
6."Please, please don't tell anyone!" he said.

 He ________________ me not to tell anyone.
7."I won't do it," he said.

 He ________________ to do it.
8."You should have lessons," she said.

 She ________________ me to have lessons.
9."We really must go with you," they said.
 They ________________ on going with me.
10."Don't forget to phone Granny," said Mum.
 Mum ________________ me to phone Granny.

11."If you wear my T-shirt again, I'll pinch you very hard," said Maggy.

 Maggie ________________ to pinch me very hard if I wore her T-shirt again.
12."Don't fly kites near electric overhead cables," said my father.

 My father ________________ me not to fly kites near electric overhead cables.

Relative Clause ( Mệnh đề quan hệ)

I/ Relative Pronouns ( Đại từ quan hệ)

1. Which ( C¸i mà, điều mà ...)

* i t quan h which thay thế cho danh từ, đại từ chỉ vật làm chủ ngữ hoặc tân ngữ trong mệnh 
đề quan hệ.

Eg1 : - This is the book. I bought it yesterday.= This is the book which I bought yesterday.( Đây là
cuốn sách mà tôi mua ngày hôm qua)

- Which đóng vai trị là tân ngữ trong mệnh đề quan hệ.

- Mệnh đề quan hệ which I bought yesterday làm nhiệm vụ xác định cho danh từ đứng trớc nó.

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- Which đóng vai trị là chủ ngữ trong mệnh đề quan hệ

* Notes : - Nếu which đóng vai trị là tân ngữ trong mệnh đề quan hệ thì ta có thể bỏ which đi.

Eg : This is the book which I bought yesterday = This is the book I bought yesterday.
- Which có thể thay cho cả một câu, lúc đó ta phải dùng dấu phẩy trớc which.

Eg : - He often goes out at night. This makes his wife angry.

= He often goes out at night, which makes his wife angry.( Anh ta thờng đi chơi vào buổi tối, điều
đó làm cho vợ anh ta rất bực mình)

2. Who (Ngêi mµ)

* Who là đại từ quan hệ thay thế cho danh từ hoặc đại từ chỉ ngời làm chủ ngữ trong mệnh đề 
quan hệ.

Eg : - The man comes from China. He is sitting at the door. = The man who is sitting at the door
comes from China.( Ngời đàn ông ngồi ở cửa đến từ Trung quốc)

3. Whom

* Đại từ quan hệ whom thay cho danh từ hoặc đại từ chỉ ngời làm tân ngữ trong mệnh đề quan hệ.
Eg : - The man comes from China. My father is talking to him = The man whom my father is
talking to comes from China.( Ngời đàn ông bố tôi mà đang nói chuyện với đến từ Trung Quốc)

* Ta có thể để giới từ đứng trớc whom.
Eg : - The man to whom my father is ...

- Ta cã thĨ bá " whom" ®i.

Eg : - The man my father is talking to comes from China.

* Ta có thể thay whom = who trong văn nói khi giới từ đứng sau.
Eg : - The man who my father is talking to comes from China.
4. That

* That là đại từ quan hệ thay thế cho danh từ chỉ ngời hoặc vật làm tân ngữ hoặc chủ ngữ trong 
mệnh đề quan hệ.

Eg : The book that I bought yesterday is interesting.

The man that came to your house yesterday is Nam's brother.

* That thay thÕ cho côm tõ chØ ngêi vµ vËt

Eg : - We saw many people and cows that went to the forest.
* Notes : Không dùng that để thay cho danh từ đã đợc xác định.
 Eg : Khơng nói : Mr Pike, that is old , is my teacher.

*Không dùng that để thay thế cho cả câu.

Eg : Kh«ng nãi : He often goes out at night, that makes ...

* Kh«ng dïng giíi tõ tríc that.

Eg : Khơng nói : The man to that my father is talking to ...
* That đợc dùng trong câu nhấn mạnh

It + to be +( cụm) danh từ / cụm từ / mệnh đề + that ...

Eg : - It's this book that makes me happy. ( Chính là cuốn sách này đã làm tôi vui)
- It's in Ha Noi that we met each other. ( Chính tại Hà nội chúng tôi đã gặp nhau)
5. Whose

Whose là đại từ quan hệ chỉ sở hữu thay thế cho tính từ sở hữu (his, her, their) hoặc danh từ sở 
hữu cách.Sau whose là danh từ.

Eg : - The man has just phoned the police. His car was stolen near the market.

= The man whose car was stolen near the market has just phoned the police. (Ngời dàn ông mà xe
của ông ấy bị đánh cắp gần chợ vừa mới gọi điện cho cảnh sát)

- The house is on sale. Its doors are green. = The house whose doors are green is on sale. (Ngơi
nhà có cửa màu xanh đang đợc rao bán)

* Khi dïng víi danh tõ chØ vËt, ta cã thÓ thay whose = of which 
Eg : - The house the doors of which are green is on sale.

II/ Relative Adverbs ( Tr¹ng tõ quan hệ)

1. Where ( Nơi mà)

- Trạng từ quan hệ where thay thế cho trạng từ trạng ngữ chỉ nơi chốn there, in this house, at the 
beach ...

Eg : - The house is very old. He was born in this house.

= The house where he was born is very old.( Ngôi nhà nơi ông ấy sinh ra rất cæ kÝnh)
= The house in which he was born is very old.

 where = in / at which

2. When ( Khi mà )

* Trạng từ quan hệ when thay thế cho trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian.
Eg : - The day was nice. They met on that day.

= The day when they met was nice.( Cái ngày mà họ gặp nhau thật là đẹp)
= The day on which they met was nice.

 when = on/ in which
Ta cã thÓ thay when bằng that hoặc bỏ when đi.

Eg : The day when they met was nice. = The day that they met was nice. = The day they met
was nice.

3. Why ( Lý do mµ)

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= The reason for which he refused to go ...

 why = for which
Ta cã thÓ thay why bằng that hoặc có thể bỏ why đi.

Eg : - The reason why he refused to go with us was unknown. = The reason that he refused to go
with us was unknown. = The reason he refused to go with us was unknown.

III. Trờng hợp dùng dấu phẩy với mệnh đề quan hệ

Ta dùng dấu phẩy với mệnh đề quan hệ khi đại từ, trạng từ quan hệ thay cho danh từ, cụm từ đã
đ-ợc xác định (Mr Pike, my father, Hanoi, their ball, in his house ....)

Mệnh đề quan hệ trong trờng hợp này không làm nhiệm vụ xác định cho danh từ đằng trớc (vì đó
là danh từ đã đợc xác định) mà chỉ để cung cấp thêm thông tin. Nếu ta bỏ mệnh đề quan hệ đi thì
câu vẫn có nghĩa.

Eg 1 : - His car, which is very expensive, has just been stolen.

Eg 2 : - My younger brother , who is only 7 years old, can play the piano very well.

Eg 3 : - Mr Hoa, whose daughter is a famous singer, has just bought a house here.

Eg 4: - I'm going to Ha noi, where my father is working.

Eg 5 : Thanh Lam, who is a famous singer , has just come here.
= Thanh Lam, a famous singer , has just come here.

Notes : Đại từ quan hệ that không đợc dùng trong trờng hợp này.

Exercise: Chän tõ thÝch hỵp trong sè A, B, C hc D
1/ What was the name of the girl ... passport was stolen ?

A. whose B. who C. which D. when

2/ The bed ... I slept in was too soft.

A. which B. who C. where D. what

3/ Nora is the only person ... understands me.

A. which B. who C. whom D. what

4/ The man ... she is married to has been married twice before.

A. which B. who C. whom D. what

5/ The hotel ... we stayed was not clean.

A. that B. which C. where D. what

6/ The last time... I saw her, she looked very beautiful.

A. when B. which C. whom D. what

7/ The stories ... Tom tells are usually very funny.

A. that B. who C. when D. what

8/ Have you seen the money ... was on the table ?

A. which B. who C. whom D. what

9/ The factory ... John was working is the biggest in town.

A. which B. who C. where D. what

10/ Jim passed his driving test, ... surprised everybody.

A. that B. which C. whom D. what

11/ Do you remember the day... we first met ?

A. when B. which C. whom D. what

12/ Thank you for your letter, ... I was very happy to get.

A. that B. which C. whose D. what

13/ The reason ... he failed was obvious.

A. that B. why C. whom D. what

14/ Ann has a lot books, most of .... she hasn't read.

A. that B. who C. which D. what

15/ The mother ... son was killed in the accident was very sad.

A. that B. whose C. whom D. what

Exercise : Nối hai câu thành một câu sử dụng đại từ, trạng từ quan hệ
1/ The student is from China. He sits next to me.

2/ I thanked the woman. This woman had helped me.
3/ The professor is excellent. I am taking his course.

4/ I recently went back to Paris. It is still as beautiful as a pearl.
5/ Nam knows the man. We talked to him this morning.

6/ The house is very old. My grandfather used to live there.

IV/ Một số trờng hợp khác

1. All/ some / many ...of whom

Eg : - The children are coming into my house. All of them are very tired.= The children, all of
whom are very tired are coming into my house.

( Bọn trẻ mà tất cả trong số đó rất mệt đang đi vào nhà tơi)

Ta cã thĨ thay all = some , many , few ...

2. All/ some / many/ most ... of which

Eg : - The hats have been taken away. Some of them are very expensive = The hats, some of which
are very expensive, have been taken away.( Những cái mũ, mà một vài trong số đó rất đắt tiền đã
bị lấy mất)

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Eg : - My mother was very happy when she saw what I had done. ( Mẹ tôi rất vui khi bà thấy
những gì tơi đã làm)

- What surprised us was the way he behaved.( Điều làm chúng tôi ngạc nhiên là cái cách mà anh
ta c xử)

4. How

Eg : - We don't know how to get there.
( Chúng tôi không biết làm thế nào để tới đó)

5.Whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however

a. Whatever ( BÊt cø c¸i g×)

- You can do whatever you like here.

- Whatever you do, don't touch this. (Cho dù bạn làm gì thì cũng đừng động vào cái này)

- Whatever the reason, we can't forgive her. ( Dù lý do gì đi chăng nữa, chúng tôi cũng không tha
lỗi cho cô ta)

- When you are older you can watch whatever programme you like. ( Khi con lín h¬n con cã thĨ
xem bất cứ chơng trình gì mà con thích)

b. Whoever ( BÊt cø ai)

- Whoever hears his voice loves it at once ( Bất cứ ai nghe thấy giọng của anh ấy đều mê liền).

c. Wherever ( BÊt cø n¬i nµo)

- They are rich, so they can go wherever they like.

d. Whenever ( BÊt cø khi nµo)

- I get angry whenever she comes.
= Every time she comes, I get angry.

e. However ( Cho dï ... thÕ nào chăng nữa)
- However + adj / adv

Eg : - However rich you are, you can never win her heart. ( Cho dù cậu có giàu nh thế nào đi
chăng nữa, cậu cũng không thể chinh phục đợc nàng) = No matter how rich you are, you can never
win her heart.

- However hard I worked, my boss was never satisfied = No matter how hard I worked, my
boss ...

 However = No matter how
6. Which or that ?

* Cả which và that đều thay thế cho danh từ chỉ vật nhng which không đợc sử dụng sau all, 
everything, little, much, none, no hay dạng so sánh nhất. Ta sử dụng that trong các trờng hợp này.
Eg : - All of the apples that fall are taken away by the girls.

- This is the most intesting book (that) I've ever read.

- Everything (that) he told me is not true.

Exercise: Chän tõ thÝch hỵp trong sè A, B, C hc D
1/ She gives her children everything ... they want.

A. that B. who C. whom D. what

2/ Tell me ... you want and I will try to help you.

A. that B. who C. which D. what

3/ This is an awful film. It is the worst film... I have ever seen.

A. that B. which C. whom D. what

4/ I don't agree with ... you have just said.

A. that B. who C. which D. what

5/ Ann has a lot books, most of ... she hasn't read.

A. that B. who C. which D. what

6/ The mother ... son was killed in the accident was very sad.

A. that B. whose C. whom D. what

7/ The house was full of boys, ten of ... were his own grandchildren.

A. that B. who C. whom D. what

Exercise: Viết lại các câu sau, giữ nguyên nghÜa
1/ We were surprised at what he had done.

 What ...
2/ I don't know his address.

 I don't know ...
3/ Could you tell me the way to the nearest post-office.

 Could you tell me...
4/ Every time I phoned her, she was out.

 She was out ...
5/ No matter what you do, don't touch this.

 Whatever ...
6/ You can use it as long as you like, and it won't wear out.

 No matter ...
7/ No matter how hard I tried, I couldn't open the door.

 However ...
8/ I''ll find that man, no matter how long it takes.

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 The reason why ...
10/ I lent my car to that man.

 That's the man...
11/ I tried hard as I could, but I just couldn't get the money.

 No matter ...

12/ Driving fast is dangerous, whether you are an experienced driver or not.
However ...

Exercise : HÃy sửa lỗi sai trong các câu sau (Mỗi câu một lỗi)
1/ That I want is 2 kilos of butter.

2/ Mr Carter to whom I spoke on the phone last night is very interested in our project
3/ Sheila couldn't come to the party, that was a pity.

4/ Sue has a lot of friends, many of them she was at school with.

Ing-clause and Ed-clause

1. Ing-clause - Mệnh đề đuôi" ing"

Eg : - The man who is talking to John is my cousin. = The man talking to John is my cousin.
( Ngời đàn ơng nói chuyện với John là anh họ của tôi.)

Mệnh đề " ing" mang nghĩa chủ động.

Mệnh đề " ing" thay cho đại từ quan hệ + động từ ở thể chủ động.

2. Ed-clause - Mệnh đề đuôi "ed"

Eg : - The boy who was injured in the accident was taken to hospital
= The boy injured in the accident was taken to hospital.

- Cậu bé bị thơng trong vụ tai nạn đã đợc đa vào viện.

Mệnh đề "ed"mang nghĩa bị động.

thay cho đại từ quan hệ + động từ ở thể bị động

Một vài ví dụ khác về mệnh đề " ing" và "ed"

Eg : - There are some people waiting outside. ( Có vài ngời đang đợi bên ngoài)

- There was a big van parked outside the house. (Có chiếc xe tải to đợc đậu ở bờn ngoi ngụi nh)

Exercise : HÃy sửa lỗi sai trong các câu sau (Mỗi câu một lỗi)
1/ What I want 2 kilos of butter.

2/ The window was broken in the storm last night has now been repaired.
3/ Few days after the interview, I received a letter offered me the job.
4/ A lot of people invite to the party cannot come.

5/ What was the name of the man who arrested by the police ?

6/ The company sent me a brochure contained all the information I needed.
7/ Who are those people wait outside ?

Exercise for Revision:

Chọn từ / cụm từ đúng trong số a, b, c, d để điền vào chỗ trống (có thể có hơn 1 đáp án đúng)
1/ Ms Donalson, ... teaches linguistics at the university, recently received recognition for her
research on the use of gestures in communication.

a. who b. whom c. which d. that

2/ The award for the Most Valuable Player was won by a player ... the coaches and the entire
team respect.

a. who b. whom c. which d. that

3/ Our office needs a secretary ... knows how to use various word proccessing programmes.
a. a. who b. whom c. which d. that

4/ The check ... I gave to Oliver was for work he’d done for me.

a. who b. whom c. which d. that

5/ “Who is eligible for the scholarship ?”

“Anyone ... scholastic record is above average can apply for the scholarship”

a. who has a b. has a c. who's d. whose

6/ Dr Sales is a person ...

a. in whom I don't have much confidence b. whom I don't have much confidence in him 
c. in that I don't have much confidence d. I don't have much confidence

7/ “ Is April twenty-first the day ... ?”
“ No, the twenty-second”

a. you'll arrive then b. when you'll arrive c. on that you arrive d. when you'll arrive on

8/ The severe drought ... occured last summer ruined the corn crop.

a. that it b. which it c. it d. that

9/ Florida, ... the Sunshine State, attracts many tourists every year.

a. is b. known as c. is known as d. that is known as

10/ The new shopping mall is gigantic. It’s advertised as a place ... you can find just about
anything you might want to buy.

a. where b. which c. in where d. in that

11/ Lola’s marriage has been arranged by her family. She is marrying a man ...

a. that she hardly knows him b. whom she hardly knows him 
c. she hardly knows d. she hardly knows him

12/ People who exercise frequently have greater physical endurance than those ...

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13/ Ann quit her job at the advertising agency, ... surprised everyone.

a. which b. that c. who d. that it

14/ The missing man’s family is desperately seeking anyone ... information about his activities
or whereabouts.

a. has b. having c. who have d. have

15/ The publishers expect that the new biography of Simon Bolivar will be bought by people ...

in Latin American history.

a. who they are interested b. are interested c. interested d. they are interested

16/ I have always wanted to visit Paris, ... of France.

a. a capital b. the capital c. capital d. this capital

17/ Do you have the book ... the teacher ?

a. that it belongs to b. to which belongs to c. to which belongs d. that belongs to

18/ Have you ever met the man ... over there ?

a. stands b. standing c. is standing d. who is standing

19/ The chemistry book ... was a little expensive.

a. that I bought it b. I bought that c. what I bought d. I bought

20/ I have three brothers, ... are businessmen.

a. that all of them b. who they all c. all of whom d. who all of them

21/“Were you able to locate the person .... wallet you found?”

a. which b. that his c. whose d. that's

22/ I usually get up at 4.00 because it’s the only time ... without being interupted.

a. when I can work on my book b. when I can work on my book at 
 c. when I can work on my book then d. at whenI can work on my book

23/ The movie ... last night was terrific.

a. I went b. I went to it c. I went to d. that I went

24/ The problem ... never occurred.

a. I had expected it b. who I had expected c. that I had expected it d. I had expected

25/ Many people lost their homes in the earthquake. The government needs to establish more
shelters to care those ... have homes.

a. who don't b. who doesn't c. which doesn't d. which don't

26/ I had to drive to the factory to pick up my brother, ... car couldn’t start.

a. who is b. who c. who's d. whose

27/ I read a book about Picasso, ...

a. is a Spanish painter b. a Spanish painter 
c. who a Spanish painter is d. that is a Spanish painter

28/ “ My writing has improved a lot in this class”

“ Mine has, too. All the students ... do well in writing”

a. whom Mr David teaches them b. which Mr David teaches

c. that Mr David teaches them d. Mr David teaches

29/ Have you seen the place ... the graduation ceremony will be held ?

a. in that b. where c. is where that d. which

30/- How’s your class this term ?

- Great. I have 17 students, most of ... speak English very well.

a. who b. those c. whom d. which

31/ Will everyone like the book ?

- No. Only people ... interested in anthropology.

a. are b. who are c. in whom are d. that is

32/ How did you enjoy your dinner with Mr Jackson ?

- It was boring. He talked about himself, ... almost puts us to sleep.

a. which b. that c. who d. that he

33/ My grandfather, ... a wise man, has greatly influenced my life.

a. is b. that is c. who is d. who he is

34/ Is Mr Brown the person ... you wish to speak ?

a. that b. whom c. to that d. to whom

35/ Excuse me, but there is something about ... immediately.

a. which I must speak to you b. which I must speak to you about it 
c. that I must speak to you about d. that I must speak to you about

36/ Little Women, ... in 1868, is my sister’s favourite book.

a. is a novel published b. a novel published c. a novel was published d. was a novel published

Conjunctions ( Liªn tõ)

1/ Although/ though/ even though / Much as ( Mặc dù) + clause ( Mệnh đề)
Eg : - Although / though / even though he was tired, he tried to finish his work.

= He tried to finish work although/ though/ even though he was tired. ( MỈc dï anh Êy mƯt nhng
anh Êy vÉn cè gắng làm xong việc)

2/ Despite/ In spite of ( MỈc dï) + sth/ doing sth

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- Despite/ In spite of the bad weather, we still set off. ( MỈc dï thời tiết xấu nhng chúng tôi vẫn
khởi hành)

- Although his leg was broken, he managed to get home before night.( Mặc dù chân đau nhng anh
ấy vẫn về nhµ tríc khi trêi tèi)

= Despite/ In spite of his broken leg, he ...
= Despite/ In spite of his leg being broken, he ...
= Despite the fact that his leg was broken, he ...
In spite of

Exercise 1 : ViÕt lại các câu sau giữ nguyên nghĩa
1. Although he had a good salary he was unhappy in his job.

 In spite of ...
2. In spite of the forecast it stayed fine.

 Although the rain was ...

3. Although the play received good notices, not many people went to see it.
 Despite ...

4. Although his leg was broken, he managed to get out of the car.
 In spite of ...

5. Although the team played well, they lost.

 In spite of ...

6. In spite of all our warnings, he left the camp without taking his rifle.
 Although we had ...

7. Although he was not guilty they executed him.
 In spite of ...

8. I am fond of my nephew although he behaves terribly.
 Despite ...

9. In spite of his age, Mr Benson runs 7 miles before breakfast everyday.
 Although ...

10. Although she wasn't experienced, she got the job.
 In spite of ...

11. The flat's so noisy but we enjoy living there.
 Even ...

13. Although Christopher was the stronger of the two, his attacker soon overpowered him.

- Despite his ...
14. While I strongly disapprove of your behaviour, I will help you this time.

 Despite my ...

15. Much as I admire her achievements, I don't really like her.
 Even ...

16. Although Judy was severely disabled she participated in many sports.
 Despite her ...

17. Even though I admire his courage, I think he is foolish.
 Much as ...

18. Although I warned them not to climb that tree, they did.
 In spite of ...

19. Despite knowing the area well, I got lost.
 I got lost ...

3/ Because/ As / Since + clause ( Bëi v×)

Eg : - Because / As/ Since she was tired she went to bed early.( Bởi vì mệt cho nên cô đi ngủ sím)
= She went to bed early for she was tired.

* Notes : Because of + nouns / V-ing

Eg : - We had to stay at home because it was raining.( Chúng tôi phải ở nhà vì trời đang ma)
= Because of the rain, we had to stay at home. ( Chúng tôi phải ở nhà vì trời ma)

- Because I felt tired, I went to bed early. = Because of feeling tired, I went to bed early.

4/ So that + clause ( §Ĩ ...)

Eg : - I speak slowly so that they can understand. ( Tơi nói chậm để họ hiểu)

5/ In order to/ So as to ( §Ĩ ..)

* In order / So as to do sth ( Để làm g× )

Eg :- I wrote a letter to my mother so as to / in order to inform her of my new job.
( Tôi viết th cho mẹ để thông báo về công việc mới của tôi)

* In order / So as not to do sth ( Để không làm gì)

Eg : - I walked in quietly in order / so as not to wake the children up. (Tôi đi khẽ vào để không
đánh thức lũ trẻ)

* In order for sb to do sth ( Để cho ai làm gì)

Eg : - I speak slowly in order for them to understand.( Tôi nói chậm để họ hiểu)

Exercise 1 : Viết lại các câu sau giữ nguyên nghĩa
1. The rough sea prevented the ferry from sailing.

 Because of ...
2. We drove slowly so that he could follow us.
 We drove ...

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 They set off ...

4. We left early so that we didn't miss the train.
 We left early ...

5. As they hadn't met our sister before, I introduced her to them.
 Since ...

6. Because of the rain, we couldn't go out.

 Because ...

7. She left the party quickly. She didn't want to have to say good bye.

 She left the party quickly in order ...
8. He turned on the TV. He wanted to see a football match.

 He turned on the TV so as ...
9. Having nothing else to do, we decided to go for a walk.

 Since ...

10. Having nowhere else to go, I tried to sleep in the station waiting room.

 As ...

11. We left quietly so that we wouldn't disturb the children.
 So as ...

12. I want him to write to me. I gave him my address.
 I gave him my address ...

13. They left early because they didn't want to get caught in the traffic.

 They left early in ...
14. As he feared that the police would recognize him, he never went out in daylight.

 Fearing ...
15. None of us had a watch. We didn't know what time it was.

 As ...

6/ Furthermore, besides, moreover, what's more ( Ngoµi ra)

Eg : - The coat is soft. Besides, it is warm. ( Cái áo khoác thì mềm. Ngoài ra nó cßn Êm.)
Furthermore,

Moreover,
What's more

7/ But (nhng), however, nevertheless (tuy nhiªn)

Eg : - He is rich but mean. ( Anh ta giµu cã nhng keo kiƯt)
- He is from Brazil but he can't play football.

- They hadn't trained hard; but/however/ nevertheless they won.
- He had no qualifications, but he got the job.

8/ Whereas, while ( Trong khi, ngợc lại)

Eg : - Mr Pike is very generous while / whereas his wife is very mean.

9/ So, therefore, consequently ( Do đó , cho nên, vì thế )

Eg : - It started to rain, so we went home.

- He came back late, therefore his father got angry.

10/ And ( Vµ )

Eg : - I play football and tennis.

- I want you to buy that house and move there.

Exercise 1 : Chọn đáp án đúng trong số A, B , C hoặc D
1. ... I heard the telephone ring, I didn't answer it.

A. Because B. If only C. Even though D. Provided that
2. Some fish can only survive in salt water, ... other species can live only in fresh water.

A.whereas B.unless C. if D. since

3. Jack insisted that he didn't need any help... I helped him anyway.

A. and B. so C. besides D. but

4. I couldn't use the pay phone... I didn't have any coins with me.

A. yet B. for C. although D. despite

5. Mr Watson retired from his job early ... his ill health.

A. because B. due to C. despite D. for
6. He reached to turn on the TV... he could watch it.

A. because of B. therefore C. so that D. for

7. Cars have become much more complicated. ... mechanics need more training than in the
past.

A. Because B. Therefore C. So that D. For
8. I got to work on time ... I missed my bus.

A. though B. nevertheless C. because D. despite
9. The teacher speaks slowly ... the pupils may understand him.

A. because B. in order to C. so that D. to
10. I hurried ... I would not be late.

A. in order to B. so that C. if D. provided
Exercise 2 : Fill in the blank with one suitable word.

1. He is small ... strong.

2. Our cases were heavy, ... we took a taxi.

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4. This restaurant is very expensive. ... the waiters are impolite.
5. He is a worker... his brother is a manager.

6. She met a foreigner in her town in 1980 ... married him in the same year.
7. ... my foot was injured, I managed to walk to the nearest village.

8. The play was disappointing ... it was badly acted and far too long.

11/ Not only ... but also ...( Kh«ng những mà còn)

* Dựng vi ng t : - They not only lent me their car but also offered me a meal.
( Họ không những cho tôi mợn xe mà cịn mời tơi ăn)

* Dïng víi danh tõ : - Mike plays not only football but also tennis.
*Dïng víi tr¹ng tõ : - She writes not only correctly but also neatly.

*Dïng víicơm giíi tõ : - The Beatles are famous not only in their country but also in other
countries.

*Dïng víi tÝnh tõ: - He's not only intelligent but also handsome

12/ As well as ( Còng nh)

* §i víi danh tõ : - The teacher, as well as his students, is going to the concert.
( ThÇy giáo cùng với học sinh đi nghe hòa nhạc)

- My children, as well as my neighbour, are going to the stadium this afternoon.
 Động từ chia cho danh từ đứng trớc.

*Đi với V-ing : - She works in a company as well as writing books for children.
( Cô ấy làm việc cho một công ty đồng thời cịn viết sách cho trẻ em)

* §i víi tÝnh tõ : - He's not only intelligent but also handsome = He's intelligent as well as

handsome.

13/ Both ...and...
*§i víi tÝnh tõ

Eg : - He's both intelligent and handsome.
*§i víi danh tõ

Eg : - Both Nam and Hoa want to go the theatre.( Cả Nam và Hoa đều muốn i xem hỏt)

14/ Either ... or ...( Hoặc cái này hoặc cái kia)
* Dùng với danh từ làm tân ngữ

- You can take either this hat or that one.( CËu có thể lấy cái mũ này hoặc cái kia)

* Dùng với mệnh đề

- Either you apologise or I'll say good bye to you.( Hoặc là anh xin lỗi hoặc là tôi phải nói lời chia
tay)

* Dùng với danh từ làm chủ ngữ

- Either John or his friends have to go. Động từ chia cho danh từ đứng sau.
15/ Neither ... nor ....( Không cái này và cũng khơng cái kia)

* Dïng víi danh từ làm chủ ngữ

- Neither John nor Mary is going to class today.
- Neither John nor his cousins are going to ...

 Động từ chia cho danh từ đứng sau.
* Dùng với động từ

- She can't read and she can't write either. = She can neither read nor write.

* Dùng với danh từ làm tân ngữ

- She can speak neither English nor French.

Exercise 1 : Choose the correct answer
1. ... you or your sister is elegible for that job.

A. Either B. Every C. Neither D. No
2. Neither the nurses nor the doctor ... there when the patient died.

A. was B. were C. is D. are
3. I hurried ... I would not be late.

A. in order B.so that C.if D. provided
4. I wish eveyone would use his bicycle, ... we would reduce pollution.

A. which B. when C. although D. so that
5. I don't want to go out tonight ... Ann phones.

A. so that B. in case C. even though D. when
6. Lots of people not only own microcomputer ... how to use them.

A. but also to know B. so know C. and know D. but also know
7. ... Albert is late, let's begin without him.

A. Since B. Nevertheless C. However D. Consequently
8. Pleiglas is used in aircraft windows ... is almost unbreakable.

A. it B. because it C. because D. it because
Exercise 2 : Use both ....and , neither ... nor , either ... or to fill in the blank
1. My father is very sad. ... my brother ... I failed to get the job.

2. I was ... tired ... hungry when I got back home from a long journey.
3. The two restaurants are very good. You can eat at ... this ... that one.
4. We were disappointed. ... Lis ... Robin came to our party.

Exercise 3 : Rewrite the following sentences

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3. Manh can't understand English or French. Manh understands ...
4. She spent all her money. She even borrowed some from me.  She not only ...
5. He can speak English. He can also speak Russian.  He can speak not ...

Exercise for Revision:

Chọn từ hoặc cụm từ đúng trong số a,b,c hoăc d ( Có thể có hơn một đáp án đúng)
1/ ... we got lost driving into the city, we were late for the meeting.

a. Since b. Because c. Consequently d. For

2/ I couldn't repair my bicycle, ... I didn't have the right tools.

a. so b. for c. because of d. therefore

3/ Two of the factories in my town have closed. ..., unemployment is high.

a. Consequently b. Because c. So that d. Furthermore

4/ ... I had nothing for lunch but an apple, I ate dinner early.

a. For b. Since c. Due to d. Therefore

5/ The fire raged out of control. It got ... bad that more firefighters had to be called in.

a. such b. therefore c. so d. as

6/ ... the flood has receded, people can move back into their homes.

a. Therefore b. Since c. So d. Although

7/ Mr Watson retired from his job early ... his ill health.

a. because b. due to c. despite d. for

8/ Bill's favourite programme was on. He reached to turn on the TV ... he could watch it.

a. because of b. therefore c. so that d. for

8/ She bought the book ... she had heard it was good.

a. because b. so c. because of d. consequently

9/ John couldn't open the door ... the lock was broken.

a. because of b. therefore c. so d. due to the fact that

10/ The workers have gone on strike. ..., all production has ceased.

a. Because b. Despite c. Consequently d. What s more’
11/ Let's ask our teacher how to solve this problem ... we can't agree on the answer.

a. since b. because of c. consequently d. as long as

12/ The price of airline tickets has gone down recently. ... the tickets cost less , more people
are flying than before.

a. Consequently b. Because of c. Because d. For

13/ ... Paul brings the money for our lunch, we'll go right down to the cafeteria.

a. Since b. As soon as c. Now that d. Until

14/ My mouth is burning ! This is ... spicy food that I don't think I can finish it.

a. such b. so c. very d. too

15/ ... my daughter reaches the age of sixteen, she will be able to drive.

a. Having b. Since c. Once d. Because

16/ ... it's warm and sunny today, why don't we go to the park ?

a. Therefore b. Due to c. As long as d. As

17/ It was raining ... I couldn't go out.

a. because b. so hard that c. so that d. too hard that

18/ ... the need to finish this project soon, I want you to work on this overtime for the next few
days.

a. Because b. So that c. Because of d. Therefore

19/ ... the salary meets my expectations, I will accept the job offer.

a. Due to b. Even if c. Provided that d. Unless

20. ... excellent art museums, Moscow has a world-famous ballet.

a. Because of b. In spite of c. In case of d. In addition to

21/ It is still a good idea to know how to type. ... the many technological advances in
typerwriters and word processors, a skilled operator remains indispensable.

a. In spite of b. Because of c. Though d. So

22/ Alex can't express himself clearly and correctly in writing. He'll never advance in his
job ... he improves his language skills.

a. otherwise b. if c. only if d. unless

23/ ... there was no electricity, I was able to read because I had a candle.

a. Unless b. Even though c. Even d. Only if

25/ I studied Spanish for 4 years in high school. ..., I had trouble talking with people when I
was travelling in Spain.

a. Therefore b. On the other hand c. Moreover d. Nevertheless

26/ I like to keep the window open at night no matter how cold it gets. My wife, ..., prefers a
warm bedroom with all windows tightly shut.

a. but b. consequently c. on the other hand d. moreover

27/ ... Jason became famous, he has ignored his old friends. He shouldn't do that.

a. If b. Ever since c. Even though d. Due to

28/ We're going to lose this game ... the team doesn't start playing better soon.

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29/ My two children are cooking dinner for the family for the first time tonight. ... the food
is terrible, I'm going to enjoy this meal very much. It will be fun to have them cook for me for a
change.

a. Only if b. If c. Even if d. Provided that

30. Florida is famous for its tourist attractions. Its coastline offers excellent white sand
beaches. ... , it has warm, sunny weather.

a. Otherwise b. Furthermore c. Nevertheless d. On the other hand

31/ The flowers will soon start to bloom ... winter is gone and the weather is beginning to get
warmer.

a. even if b. now that c. so d. even though

32/ Some English words have the same pronunciation ... they are spelled differently, for
example, dear and deer.

a. unless b. even though c. since d. only if

33/ ... want to take a train trip across western Canada, but my travelling companion wants to
fly to Mexico city for our vacation.

a. Although I b. Even if c. I d. Nevertheless I

34/ The bread was old and stale, ... Martha ate it anyway.

a. and b. so c. besides d. but

35/ Harry left early ... not to miss the train.

a. for b. despite c. so as d so that

36/ You should have an early night, ... you don't feel tired.

a. so as b. so that c. in order to d. because

37/ I like fish, ... I don't like catching them myself.

a. although b. so c. but d. whereas

38/ I'm going to buy a computer ... I haven't got enough money.

a. even though b. because c. while d. so that

39/ ... not being able to speak Dutch, Bob decided to settle in Amsterdam.

a. In spite of b. Although c. For d. However
40/ ... John has done well in France, his brother has done badly.

a. Though b. While c. Besides d. As

41/ ... to look taller, Madeline wears high heels.

a. So that b. Since c. In order d. Therefore

Revision 3

I/ Put the verbs in brackets in the correct form

1/ At four o’clock last Tuesday afternoon we (fly) over Paris.
2/ I (come) from Scotland, though I (live) in London just now.
3/ What would you do if he (resign ) tomorrow ?

4/ The child’s arm was swollen because he (sting) by a bee.

5/ I (try) ( learn) by heart this text for half an hour, but I haven’t succeeded yet.
6/ When he came, I just (finish) (type) the report.

7/ She says Titanic is the best film she (see).
8/ He (look) fatter now than some days ago.

9/ The computer is small enough (keep) in your pocket.
10/ A new bridge (build) over the river next year.
11/ We (visit) the museum when the fire started.

12/ Why didn’t you phone me ? If I (know) you were ill, I (come) to see you.
13/ The house is much smaller than we (think) at first.

14/ There was a cold wind (blow) in our faces when we were in the field.
15/ I introduced her to my brother as they (not meet) before.

16/ I don’t like (ask) a lot of questions when I take oral examinations.
II/ Choose A, B, C or D to fill in the blank

1/ Most people spend ... they earn each month.

a. as much as b. as many as c. little than d. not much as
2/ If a country ... no rain for a long time, this dry period ... a drought.

a. has had/ is b. has / is called c. had / called d. had/ would be
3/ Teachers may be ... large class and may not know how to get the best results from
small classes.

a. used to teaching b. used to work c. using to teach d. used teaching
4/ A lot of humour depends on the use of words ... sound the same but have different meanings.
a. where b. what c. which d. whose

5. The train ... when I arrived at the station.

a. has already left b. had already left c. already left d. is leaving
6. My granfather was a very good footballer. He ... a professional if he had wanted to.
a. could be b. was able to c. could have been d. can have been
7. It isn’t cold outside. You ... wear a coat.

a. mustn’t b. can c. needn’t d. cannot
8/ I’m afraid you are not ... to take your driving test.

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a. where b. which c. that d. whom
10/ It is at least a month since ... John.

a. I last seeing b. I have last seen c. I last see d. I last saw
11/ The police ... for two men who ... getting into a black car near the bank at about
one o’clock last night.

a. are looking / saw b. are looking / were seen c. have looked / saw d. had looked/ were seen
13/ The restaurant was full, ... is why we had to go somewhere else for dinner.

a. which b. what c. where d. that

14/ Mary, ... children couldn’t swim, said that there should be a notice up warning people.
a. whose b. whom c. who d. which

15/ He'll never pass his driving test ... he takes some lessons.
A. unless B. if only C. provided D. if
16/ I'll hand over all my files to my assistance before I ....

A. am leaving B. leave C.will leave D. shall leave
17/ We lost the game. If you ... for us, we ...

A.play/will win B. played/should win C. had played/ should have won D.had played/ should win
18/ Don't worry about it. You ... told if there is a change of plan.

A. be B. will C. have been D. will be

19/ If you ... any other plans, why ... we spend a weekend together ?

A. didn't make/ wouldn't B. don't make/ don't C. won't make/ won't D. hadn't made/ didn't
III/ Rewrite the following sentences

1/ I would have lent you some money if I had known you were broke.  Had I ...
2/ What would you do if there was an earthquake ?  Supposing ...
3/ I might be late. If so, start without me.  If I ...
4/ The fire was brought under control thanks to the night-watchman.  If it ...
5/ Dick is in prison because a detective recognized him.  If a detective ...
6/ It's a pity your parents can't be here.  If only...
7/ If Jane hadn't refused to work overtime, she would have got promotion. If it ...
8/ If you want my advice, I'd think twice about buying a car like that.  If I ...
9/ If the painting is finished by Saturday, we'll pay you extra.  Finish ...
10/ Provided your voice is audible, the audience will get the point of this scene.

 As long as ...
11/ If you refuse to stop eating sweets, you can't expect to loose weight easily.

 If you ...
12/ Without your help, I wouldn't have found the house.  If you ...
13/ Getting up early makes me feel hungry.  If I ...
14/ It would be nice to be able to fly.  I wish ...
15/ I wish I hadn't heard that.  I'd rather ...

16/ Why do you have to complain all the time ?  I wish ...
17/ I regret not buying some tickets for the concert. I wish ...
18/ Unfortunately, I've got to work late tonight.  I wish...
19/ You should really start your work now.  It's time ...
20/ The children should be in class now.  It's time ...
21/ If I were you, I'd take up jogging.  I think ...
22/ As I didn't know all the facts, I didn't ring the police. If ...
23/ He can't get the job because he isn't good at English.  If ...
24/ I regret not paying much attention to the lecture.  I wish ...
25/ If it doesn't rain, he will pick her up at 9 a.m.  Unless ...
26/ She can't do the sum because it is difficult.  Were ...
27/ I'm sorry now that I didn't tell you the truth.  I wish ...
28/ He lost his money simply because he wasn’t careful.  If he...
29/ It wasn’t easy to persuade her to come.  There was some difficulty...
30/ The last time I played tennis was 10 years ago.  I ...
31/ It’s high time you put a stop to this nonsense.

 It’s high time this nonsense...
32/ Harry didn’t steal the jewels because he didn’t know where the key to the safe was.

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45/ You don’t have to bring the camera here tonight.  The camera ...
56/ Although John’s father is the director of the company, he couldn’t get the job.

 Despite ...
IV/ Choose the correct answer

1/ The use of credit cards instead of cash (have/has) been on the rise.
2/ One can do what one (likes/like) here.

3/ The man was thought to (have accepted/ be accepted) a bribe.

4/ I’ve never smoked in my life and I’m not about to start (now/again)
5/ If you haven’t been to Dalat, you (ought to go / would have gone) there.
6/ - Are you sure you locked the back door ?

- Yes, I clearly remember (to lock/ locking) it.
V/ Make questions for the phrases in italics
1/ Lan types very quickly.

2/ I’ve been here since last Tuesday.

3/ David used to work hard all days at the university library.
4/ When I arrived, people were queuing outside the cinema.
VI/ Correct the mistakes in the following sentences

1/ I’ve got three brothers, none of them are married.

2/ Now that the stress of examinations and interviews are over, we can go somewhere for our
holiday.

3/ Do you think that the Canadian standard of living is still higher than most of the other countries
in the world ?

4/ I can’t stand to laugh when my teacher tells funny stories.
5/ I wish I can fly like a bird.

6/ You will not pass the coming exam unless you don't work hard.
7/ Our beautiful forests will destroy if we do nothing to preserve them.
8/ Would you mind if I open the window ?

Determiners and Quantifiers

1. Much

* Much + danh từ không đếm đợc

Eg : - is there much information about this matter ?
- Have you got much homework to do ?

* Much có thể đợc dùng nh đại từ (đứng một mình)

Eg : - Much must be done now.( Có nhiều việc cần phải làm bây giờ)
* Much có thể đợc dùng với so , too

Eg : - I've got so / too much work.

2. Many

* Many + danh từ đếm đợc số nhiều
Eg : - There are many people at the party.

* Many đợc sử dụng trớc danh từ cha xác định.
* Many of đợc sử dụng trớc danh từ đã xác định.

Eg : - Many people / Many friends : NhiỊu ngêi, nhiỊu b¹n.

- Many of the people/ my friends : Nhiều trong số những ngời đó/ nhiều trong số bạn tơi.

3. A lot / lots/ plenty of + danh từ đếm đợc số nhiều / danh từ không đếm đợc

Eg : We've got / lots / plenty/ a lot of friends.

Eg : - There is a lot / lots of time for us.

4. A large amount of+ danh từ không đếm đợc ( Một số lợng lớn)
Eg : - A large amount of food was bought.

5. A large number of + danh từ đếm đợc số nhiều ( Một số lợng lớn)
Eg : - A large number of students

6. A great deal + danh từ không đếm đợc
Eg : A great deal of time ( Rất nhiều thời gian)

7. All (of) : tất cả dùng đợc với dtừ đếm đợc và không đếm đợc
Eg : - All of my brothers, All the students, All the time ...

* All có thể đứng một mình khơng có danh từ

Eg : - All he wants to do is going on holiday. ( Tất cả những gì anh ta muốn làm là đi nghỉ)

8. few + danh từ đếm đợc số nhiều : Rất ít
Eg : - There are few guests at the party.

9. A few danh từ đếm đợc số nhiều : Một số

Eg : - There are a few of customers.

10. Little + danh từ khơng đếm đợc : Rất ít
Eg : - There is little cheese.

11. A little+ danh từ không đếm đợc : Một chút
12. Most ( hầu hết)

Eg : - Most tourists don't visit that village.

* Most of the / this/ these/ my/ her ...

Eg : - Most of the people / my friends

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13. No - None ( Không gì)
* No + danh từ

* None : ng một mình

Eg : - There is no money in my bag. = There isn't any money in my bag.

- All the seats have been taken. There are none left. ( Tất cả ghế đã hết. Khơng cịn sót cái nào cả)
- "How many houses have you got ?" - "None."

* None of them / us ... : kh«ng ai trong sè hä, chóng t«i ....
 None of the players : kh«ng ai trong sè các cầu thủ

Sau none of + danh t s nhiu ta có thể sử dụng động từ số ít hoặc số nhiều
Eg : - None of the players were / was ...

* Sau No one/ nobody ta cã thÓ sư dơng they, them, their

Eg : - Nobody did their homework.( Không ai làm bài tập của mình)
- Nobody wants to go, do they ? ( Kh«ng ai muốn đi có phải không ?)

14. Both of ( Cả 2 trong sè 2 ngêi / vËt)
Eg : - Both of them are good.

15. Neither of Không ai trong số 2 ngời / vật
Sau neither of dùng động từ số ít

Eg : - Neither of the children wants to go.( Không đứa nào trong số 2 đứa trẻ muốn đi)

Exercise 1 : Correct the mistakes in the following sentences. There is one mistake in every
sentence

1. He has a few dear friends here. Nobody comes to see him when he is ill.
2. Almost of the trees in this plantation have had to be cut down and burned.
3. Most of his life were spent in travelling.

4. It was a public holiday, so there weren't no shops open.
5. We took a few photographs but no of them were very good.

6. The police searched the house and found a large number of money.
7. We'll have to hurry. We have a little time.

8. A number of reporters was at the conference yesterday.

9. The number of students who have withdrawn from this quarter are appalling.
10. Nobody is tired, aren't they ?

Exercise 2 : §iỊn giíi tõ of vào chỗ trống khi cần thiết
1. All ... cars have wheels.

2. Some ... the people I met at the party were interesting.
3. I have lived in London for most ... my life.

4. Are any ... those letters for me ?

5. Jim thinks that all ... museums are boring.
6. None ... this money is mine.

Exercise 3 :/ Điền much, a few, little ... vào chỗ trống
1. We didn't have ... time.

2. He isn't very popular. He has ... friends.

3. The museum was very crowded. There were too ... people.
4. Most of the town is modern. There are ... old buildings.
5. The weather has been very bad recently. We've had ... rain.
6. Do you mind if I ask you ... questions ?

Too- So - Either - Neither

1. Too ( Cũng thế - Dùng trong câu khẳng định )

- I like music and she does too. ( Tôi thích âm nhạc và cô ấy cũng thÕ)
- We are bored and they are too.

2. So ( Cũng thế - Dùng trong câu khẳng định)

- I like music and so does my brother.( Tôi thích âm nhạc và anh trai tôi cũng thế)
- She works in Hanoi and so does her husband.

- I went to the zoo last Sunday and so did my cousin.
- Hai is happy and so are his friends.

3. Either ( Cũng thế - Dùng trong câu phủ định )

- I don't want to go out and they don't either.
- They aren't satisfied and we aren't either.

4. Neither ( Cịng kh«ng)

- I don't want to go out and neither do they.( T«i kh«ng muèn đi chơi và họ cũng không)
- Mai can't speak French and neither can Nam.

Exercise 1: Lựa chọn đáp án đúng
1. John went to the mountains for his holiday, and ....

A. so did we B. so didn't we C. we didn't too D. we didn't so
2. His telephone doesn't work and mine doesn't ...

A. too B. neither C. so D. either
3. ... of Tom's parents is English. His father is Polish and his mother is Italian.

A. None B.Any C. Both D. Neither
4. I don't like tests.

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A. Most B. Most of C. Lot of D. A little
6. Teacher: I'm tired.

Students: ...

a. Neither is we b. So are we c. So are you d. So am I
7. Maggie: I love rice.

Normy: ...

a. I don't b. So do I c. I do d. Neither do I
8. Elly: I'd like to visit The Greek Islands.

Robby: ...

a. So had I b. So would I c. Neither would I d. Neither had I
9. Polly: I went to the cinema on Saturday.

Pammy: What a coincidence. ____________.

a. So was I b. So do I c. So did I d. So went I
10. Mary: I'm not going out tonight.

Shelly: ...

a. So do I b. I'm not c. Neither am I d. So am I

Subject - Verb Agreement

(Sự hòa hợp giữa chủ ngữ và động từ)
1. Along with, With , together with

Eg : - Nam, along with his friends, is preparing for the exam.

- Động từ chia theo danh từ, đại từ đứng trớc.

2. Neither ... nor ...(Kh«ng ngêi này và cũng không ngời kia)

Eg : - Neither her sisters nor Daisy wants to do.

Động từ chia theo danh từ, đại từ đứng sau

3. Either ... or ....(Hc ngời này hoặc ngời kia)

Eg : - Either you or he has to do this.

- Động từ chia theo danh từ, đại từ đứng sau
4. Both ....and ....(Cả hai)

- §éng tõ chia sè nhiÒu.

Eg : - Both she and I are going to apply for the job.

5. As well as (còng nh)

Eg : - The teacher, as well as the students , is goingto the concert.

- Động từ chia theo danh từ, đại từ đứng trớc.

6. Somebody, something, everybody, everything , nobody ...
- §éng tõ chia sè Ýt.

Eg : - Everyone likes his voice.

7. Each, every + danh tõ sè Ýt

Eg : - Each student does his assignment.

§éng tõ chia sè Ýt.

8. Neither of ...(Kh«ng trong sè 2 ngêi/vËt)

Eg : - Neither of my brothers is at work today.

- §éng tõ chia sè Ýt.

9. All, some , several, few , most + danh từ đếm đợc số nhiều + động từ số nhiều

Eg : - Most of the students are preparing for their holiday.

10. All, some, most + danh từ không đếm đợc + động từ số ít.

Eg : - All the money lost has been found.
- Most of the information is useless.

11. A number of + danh từ đếm đợc số nhiều + động từ số nhiều

The number of + danh từ đếm đợc số nhiều + động từ số ít
 A variety of danh từ đếm đợc số nhiều + động từ số nhiều

Eg : - A number of customers go to our shop everyday.
- The number of students attending evening classes is big.

12. A lot of + danh từ đếm đợc số nhiều + động từ số nhiều
- A lot of + danh từ không đếm đợc + động từ số ít.

Eg : - A lot of people are waiting outside.
- A lot of money was stolen from the shop.

13. Two years, twenty dollars ... + §éng tõ chia sè Ýt.

Eg : - Two years is a short time in a person's life.

14. The rich, the old ....§éng tõ chia sè nhiÒu.

Eg : - The old are many in this town.

15. Một số danh từ luôn ở dạng số nhiÒu

Eg : - police, people, cattle, earnings, savings, goods, clothes ... đi với động từ số nhiều.

Eg : - The police are looking for the murder.

16. Danh từ không đếm đợc

Eg : information (thông tin), money, luggage (hành lý), experience, news, furniture ( đồ đạc),
advice, housework, homework

* Đi với động từ số ít.

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17. Mét sè danh tõ cã d¹ng sè Ýt vµ sè nhiỊu gièng nhau
Eg : fish, means, series, species...

Đi với động từ số ít hay nhiều phụ thuộc vào danh từ đằng trớc.

Eg : - Lorry is a means of transport.

- Many species of animals are disappearing.

18. Mét sè danh tõ kÕt thóc lµ s nhng lµ danh tõ sè Ýt

economics, physics, politics, AIDS, news ...

Eg : - The news was shocking.

19. Chủ ngữ là danh động từ đi với động từ số ít 
Eg : - Writing many letters makes her happy.

Exercise: Choose the correct form of the verb in parentheses in the following sentences.
1. John, along with twenty friends, (is/are) planning a party.

2. The picture of the soldiers (bring/brings) back many memories.
3. The quality of these recordings (is/are) not very good.

4. If the duties of these officers (is/are) not reduced, there will not be enough time to finish the
project.

5. The effect of cigarrette smoking (have/has) been proven to be extremely harmful.
6. The use of credit cards in place of cash (has/have) increased rapidly in recent years.
7. Advertisements on television (is/are) more competitive than ever before.

8. Living expenses in this country, as well as in many others, (is/are) at an all-time high.
9. Mr John, accompanied by several members of the committee, (have/has) proposed some
changes of the rules.

10. The levels of intoxication (vary/varies) from subject to subject.
11. Neither Bill nor Mary (is/are) going to the play tonight.

12. Anything (is/are) better than going to another movie tonight.
13. Skating (is/are) becoming more popular everyday.

14. A number of reporters (was/were) at the conference yesterday.
15. Everybody who (has/have) fever must go home immediately.
16. Your glasses (was/were) on the bureau last night.

17. A pair of jeans (was/were) in the washing machine this morning.
18. Each pupil (has/have) answered the first three questions.

19. Either John or his wife (makes/make) breakfast each morning.

20. After she had perused the material, the secretary decided that everything (was/were) in order.
21. The crowd at the basketball game (was/were) wild with excitement.

22/ The number of students who have withdrawn from class this quarter (is/are) appalling.

Word formation ( Cấu tạo từ)

I/ Một số cách cấu tạo

Danh tõ

* Adj + ness = Nouns 
- kind (adj)

- kindness (n)
- careless (adj)
- carelessness (n)
- happy (adj)
- happiness (n)

* Adj + dom = Nouns

- free (adj)

-freedom (n)
- bored (adj)
- boredom (n)
* Adj + th = Nouns :
- deep (adj)

- depth (n)
- wide (adj)
- width (n)
- long (adj)
- length (n)
- true (adj)
- truth (n)
- warm (adj)
- warmth (n)

* Adj + ty = Nouns :
- certain (adj)

- certainty (n)
- difficult (adj)
- difficulty (n)
* Adj + ity = Nouns
- similar (adj)

- tö tÕ

- sù tö tế, tốt bụng

- cẩu thả

- sự cẩu thả

- vui vẻ, hạnh phúc
- tự do

- sự tự do
- buồn chán
- sự buồn chán
- sâu

- chiu sõu
- rng
- chiu rng
- chiu di
- đúng
- sự thực
- ấm
- hơi ấm
- chắc chắn
- sự chắc chn
- khú

- khó khăn
- giống, tơng tự

- similarity (n)
- possible (adj)
- possibility (n)

* V + ion / sion / ance / 
ence / ent = Nouns
- congratulate (v)
- congratulation (n)
- decide (v)

- decision (n)
- maintain (v)
- maintenance (n)
- refer (v)

- reference (n)
- perform (v)
- performance (n)
- entertain (v)
- entertainment (n)
- encourage (v)
- encouragement (n)
- arrange (v)

- arrangement (n)
- inspire (v)
- inspiration (n)
* V + er / or = Nouns
- sing (v)

- singer (n)
- perform (v)
- performer (n)

- act (v)
- actor (n)
- invent (v)
- inventor (n)

- sự giống nhau
- có lẽ, có thể
- sự có thể
- chúc mừng
- lời chúc mừng
- quyết định
- duy trì
- sự duy trỡ

- tham khảo, ám chỉ
- sự tham khảo
- biểu diễn
- sù biĨu diƠn
- gi¶i trÝ
- khun khÝch
- sù khun khÝch
- s¾p xÕp

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* Mét sè danh tõ chØ 
ngời có đuôi ist, ian
- science

- sicientist (n)
- physics
- physicist (n)

- chemistry
- chemist (n)
- environment
- environmentalist
- economy

- economist (n)
- special
- specialist (n)
- politics
- politician (n)
- music
- musician (n)
- history
- historian (n)

* Tính từ có đuôi "t" 
chuyển sang danh từ bá
"t" thªm "ce "

- important (adj)
- importance (n)
- different (adj)
- difference (n)
-independent (adj)
- independence (n)
- patient (adj)
- patience(n)

II/ Một số cách cấu tạo

Tính từ

* Nouns + y = Adj
- health (n)

- healthy (adj)
- day(n)
- daily (adj)
- week (n)
- weekly (adj)
- sun (n)
- sunny (adj)
- rain (n)
- rainy (adj)
- luck (n)
- lucky (adj)
- friend (n)
- friendly (adj)
* Nouns + ful = Adj
- care (n)

- careful (adj)
- beauty (n)
- beautiful (adj)
- success (n)
- successful (adj)
- meaning (n)
- meaningful (adj)
- faith (n)

- faithful(adj)
*Nouns + less = Adj
-care (n)

- careless(adj)
- end (n)
- endless (adj)
- sleep (n)
- sleepless(adj)
* Nouns + al = Adj
- nation (n)

- national (adj)

- khoa häc
-nhµ khoa häc
- môn vật lý
- nhà vật lý
- môn hóa học
- nhà hãa häc
- m«i trêng

- nhà hđ mơi trờng
- nền kinh tế
- nhà kinh tế học
- đặc biệt

- chuyªn gia
- chÝnh trị
- chính trị gia

- nhạc sĩ
- lịch sử
- nhà sử häc

- quan trọng
- tầm quan trọng
- khác nhau
- sự khác nhau
- độc lập
- kiên nhẫn
- sự kiên nhãn

- sức khỏe
- khỏe mạnh
- hàng ngày
- hàng tuần
- có nắng
- có ma
- vận may
- may mắn
- bạn bè
- thân thiện
- quan tâm
- cn thn
- v p
- p

- sự thành công
- thành công
- nghÜa

- cã nghÜa
- sù chung thđy
- chung thđy
- cÈu th¶
- bÊt tËn
- mÊt ngđ
- qc gia

- thc vỊ qc gia

- office (n)
- official (adj)
- nature(n)
- natural (adj)
- experiment (n)
- experimental (adj)
- tradition(n)

- traditional (adj)
- profession(n)
- professional (adj)
- exception(n)
- exceptional (adj)
*Nouns / Verbs + able 
= Adj

- comfort (n)

- comfortable (adj)
- suit (v)

- suitable (adj)
- rely (v)
- reliable (adj)
- believe (v)
- believable (adj)
- recognize (v)
- recognizable (adj)
- enjoy(v)

- enjoyable (adj)
* V + ive = Adj
- create (v)
- creative (adj)
- imagine (v)
- imaginative (adj)
- impress (v)
- impressive (adj)
- attract (v)

- attractive (adj)
- decide(v)
- decisive (adj)
* V + ed = Adj
- bore (v)
- bored
- surprise (v)
- surprised (adj)
- interest (v)
- interested (adj)

* Tính từ đuôi ing và 
đuôi ed

- He's very bored.
- She is very boring.
- The film is very
boring.

* Một số cách biến đổi 
từ tính từ sang tính từ 
ngợc nghĩa

- dis :

- honest - dishonest
- satisfied - dissatisfied
- il :

- logical - illogical
- legal - illegal
- Im :

- possible - impossible
- polite - impolite
- patient - impatient
- in :

- capable - incapable
- active - inactive
- correct - incorrect

- chÝnh thøc
- thiªn nhiªn
- thc vỊtù nhiªn
- thÝ nghiƯm
- thư nghiƯm
- trun thèng

- cã tính truyền thống
- nghề nghiệp

- chuyên nghiệp
- ngoại trừ, ngoại lƯ
- kh¸c thêng , hiÕm cã
- tiƯn nghi

- tiƯn nghi, thoải mái
- phù hợp

- phù hợp

- phụ thuộc, trông cậy
- cã thĨ tin cËy

- tin tởng
- có thể tin đợc
- nhận ra
- có thể nhận ra
- thích

- thÝch , thó vị
- tạo ra
- sáng tạo
- tởng tợng

- có đầu óc tëng tỵng

- gây ấn tợng
- có ấn tợng
- thu hút
- hấp dẫn
- quyết định

- có tính quyết định
- gây buồn chán
- buồn chán
- gây ngạc nhiên
- bị ngạc nhiên
- gây hng thỳ
- thớch thỳ

- Anh ta đang buồn
chán

- Cô ta là con ngời
chán ngắt.

- Bộ phim rất chán.

- trung thực - không

- hài lòng, thỏa mÃn -
không

- lô gíc - phi lô gíc
- hợp pháp - bất hợp
pháp

- có thể - không thể
- lịch sự - bất lịch sự
- kiên nhẫn - thiếu
kiên nhẫn

- có khả năng - khơng
- tích cực, đang họat
động - không

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- accurate - inaccurate
- Ir :

- responsible -
irresponsible
- un :

- fair - unfair
- happy - unhappy

-necessary - unnecessary
-important - unimportant

- able - unable

- healthy - unhealthy
- reliable - unreliable
- friendly - unfriendly

III/ Một số cách cấu 
tạo động từ

* Adj + en = V
- short (adj)
- shorten (v)
- deep (adj)
- deepen (v)
- wide (adj)
- widen (v)
- tight (adj)
- tighten (v)
- ripe (adj)

- có trách nhiệm - vô

- công bằng - không
- vui - bất hạnh
- cần thiết - không
- quan trọng - không
- có khả năng - kh«ng
- kháe - kh«ng

- cã thĨ tin cËy - không

- thân thiện - không

- ngắn

- làm ngắn lại
- sâu

- làm sâu thêm
- rộng

- mở rộng
- chặt
- thắt chặt
- chín

- ripen (v)

* Nouns + en = V
- length (n)
- lengthen (v)
- strength (n)
- strengthen (v)

* En + Noun / Adj =V
- rich (adj)

- enrich (v)
- large (adj)
- enlarge (v)
- courage (n)
- encourage (v)

- danger (n)
- endanger (v)
- able (adj)
- enable (v)

* Adj / Noun + ize =V
- industrial (adj)
- industrialize (v)
- modern (adj)
- modernize (v)
- revolution (n)
- revolutionize (v)

- chiều dài
- làm dài ra
- sức mạnh
- tăng cờng
- giàu
- làm giàu
- rộng
- mở rộng
- sự dũng cảm

- khun khÝch, khÝch lƯ

- nguy hiểm
- gây nguy hiểm
- có khả năng
- tạo khả năng
- cơng nghiệp

- cơngnghiệp hóa
- hiện đại

- hiện đại hóa
- cách mạng
- cách mạng hóa

Mét số cách nhận biết từ loại trong câu

1. Cách nhận biết danh từ

a. Danh từ làm chủ ngữ trong câu

Eg : Unemployment is one of the biggest problems in our country.
( Nạn thất nghiệp là một trong những vấn đề lớn ở đất nớc chúng ta)

b. Danh từ làm bổ ngữ của động từ ( đứng sau động từ)

Eg : He likes music.

c. Danh từ làm bổ ngữ của giới từ ( đứng sau giới từ)

Eg : This room is for men.

d. Danh từ đứng sau a, an , the

Eg : Cambell wants to become an engineer.

e. Danh từ đứng sau to be

Eg : What I need now is money.

2. Cách nhận biết tính từ
a. Tính từ đứng trớc danh từ

Eg : Switzerland is a rich country.

b. Tính từ đứng sau to be và một số động từ get, look, feel, sound, taste, smell, become ...

Eg : Switzerland is rich.

3. Cách nhận biết trạng từ

a. Trng t b ngha cho động từ thờng

Eg : She writes carefully.

b. Trạng từ đứng trớc tính từ và bổ nghĩa cho tính từ

Eg : He is terribly mean.( H¾n ta cùc kú keo kiƯt)

c. Trạng từ đứng ở đầu câu : Naturally, children like sweets. ( Trẻ em thích kẹo là lẽ tự nhiên)
Exercise 1: Cho dạng đúng của từ trong ngoặc

1/ The work is still at a very (experiment) level
2/ It's very (health) to live in a damp room.
3/ He's promised to come but he's very (rely)
4/ She has an (impress) command of the language.

5/ As she is so (satisfaction) with her her present job, she has decided to leave.
6/ The new film is (exception) good.

7/ You need a lot of (patient) to become a teacher.
8/ Do you have a (nation) costume in your country ?
9/ The (perform) she gave last night was marvellous.
10/ Does this (arrange) suit you ?

11/ Conversation is one of the most enjoyable forms of (entertain)

12/ The judge told him it was (responsible ) to drink and drive, and banned him for a year.
13/ The evening was (enjoy) spent playing cards and talking.

14/ The dictionaries are with the other (refer) books.
15/ Artists are (create) people.

16/ When I have to wait a long time to be served, I start to feel (patient)
17/ It has become almost a (day) topic of conversation.

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20/ He's probably the most (succeed) tennis player of all times.
21/ She looks (surprise) beautiful.

22/ Her dream is to become an (economy) like her father when she grows up.
23/ We are going to (large) our school next year.

24/ There are over 50 (music) in the orchestra.

25/ John's beginning to grow out of his jeans. I'd better (long) them for him this weekend.
Exercise 2: Cho dạng đúng của từ trong ngoặc

1/ You look more (beauty) in your new dress.
2/ This house is too (danger) to live in.

3/ The government has promised to deal with the problem of (employ) among young people.
4/ One of the (bad) diseases that mankind has ever had is lung cancer.

5/ I'm not used to (drive) on the left.

5/ Preserving natural resources is of great (important).
6/ Mercury's (year) journey around the sun is only 88 days.
6/ Humhry Davy helped Faraday much in his later (discover).
7/ James Watt was one of the world's greatest (invent).

8/ Darwin was the famous English (biology).
9/ Do you know Darwin's theory of (evolve).

10/ He is very (interest) in the article. It is very (interest).
12/ Nakata lives in Japan. He speaks (Japan).

13/ They come from (Spain), so they speak (Spain).

14/ Do you like (Portugal) ? It is a very interesting language.
15/ Mr Putin comes from Russia. He speaks (Russia).

16/ Many foreigners find Vietnamese very (difficulty) to learn.
17/ They are (wide) the road.

18/ (Prevent) is better than cure.

19/ (Employ) is one of the biggest (problem) in our country.
20/ Do you like (politician) ? No, I like (physicist).

21/ My sister is a (good) cook than I am.
22/ Can you drive more (slow) please ?

23/ You must be (care) when you open the door.
24/ Ernest Hemingway was a famous (write).
25/ He is the (fat) person I've ever met.
26/ There are a lot of (attract) in the city.
27/ Thank you for your (use) advice.

28/ We have a (week) newspaper in this town.
29/ Many women are fond of (play) football.

30/ It is the English pronunciation that causes me a lot of (difficult).
31/ He made too many mistakes in his (write).

32/ An speaks English (good). He is a (good) speaker of English. His English is (good) than mine.
He is one of the (good) pupils in my class.

33/ We are (bore) with the film. It isvery (bore).
34/ His success is (surprise). We are (surprise) at it.
35/ (Importance) matches often take place at weekend.
36/ I love watching forests from the (high).

37/ We want to buy a (read) lamp.

38/ She started learning (Italy) 2 years ago.
39/ English is by far the most (wide) used.
40/ Engels was a German (philosophy).

41/ (Overeat) and physical inactivity add to the causes of these killing diseases.

42/ The old lady goes (bushwalk) everyday.

43/ That man is (help). We all like him.

44/ Many species of rare animals have already become (extinction).
45/ Air (pollute) is a serious problem nowadays.

46/ His accident is due to his (care).

Prepositions ( Giíi tõ)

1/ In

* ChØ thêi gian (Vµo)
- in summer

- in 1990
- in June

- in the morning
- in the afternoon
- in the future
- in the past

- in two weeks = In two weeks' time

- My exam will be in 2 weeks.

* Chỉ nơi chốn, vị trí

- vào mùa hè

- vào năm 1990
- vào tháng 6
-vào buổi sáng
- trong tơng lai
- trong quá khứ
- trong 2 tuần nữa

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- in Ha noi
- in the class
- in the river
- in the sky
- in a newspaper
- arrive in Ha noi
- arrive at the station
* Côm tõ

- in bed
- in English
- in time for sth

- I arrived in time for the meeting
- in the end

- in the beginning
- in doubt

- The result was in doubt.
- In the corner of the room
- get in touch with

- once in a while
 2/ At

*ChØ thêi gian
- at 3 o'clock
- at Christmas
- at midnight
- at dawn
- at night

- at the weekend
- at sunset
- at the age of 30
*Chỉ nơi chốn , vị trÝ
- at the cinema
- at the station
- at the airport
- at the top of
- at the bottom of
- at the corner of the street

* Côm tõ
- at home
- at work
- at present
- at the same time
- at the beginning of
- at the end of
- at once

- at least (2 weeks)
- at times

- at first
- at last

- at a speed of 100 km an hour
3/ On

* ChØ thêi gian
- on Monday
- on June 1 st

* Chỉ địa điểm, vị trí
- on the table

- on the third floor
- on the outskirts (of ...)
* Côm tõ

- on arrival / arriving
- on seeing / hearing
- on the radio

- on TV
- on holiday
- on business
- on fire
- on a diet
- on strike

- on purpose

- ở HN
- ở trong lớp
- ở trên sông
- ở trên trời
- ở trên báo
- đến HN
- đến nhà ga
- ở trên giờng
- bằng tiếng Anh

- kịp thời gian để làm gì
- Tơi đến kp thi gian hp
- cui cựng

- lúc đầu
- nghi ngờ

- Kết quả bị nghi ngờ
- ở trong góc phòng
- liên lạc với ai
- occasionally
2/ At

- vo lỳc 3 giờ
- vào lễ giáng sinh
-vào nửa đêm
- vào lúc bình minh
- vào ban đêm

- vào cuối tuần
- vào lúc hoàng hơn
- vào độ tuổi 30
- tại rạp

- ë nhµ ga
- ở sân bay
- ở đầu của ...
- ở cuối của...
- ë gãc phè
- ë nhµ

- ở nơi làm việc
- ở hiện tại
- cùng lúc
- vào đầu của...
- vào cuối của...
- ngay lập tức
- ít nhất (2 tuần)
- sometimes
- lúc đầu
- cuối cùng
- với tốc độ ...
- vào thứ hai
- vào ngày
- ở trên bàn
- ở trên tầng 3
- in the suburb (of...)
- khi đến

-khi nh×n thÊy, nghe thÊy

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- on the phone
- She's on the phone
- on time

The train arrived on time.
- Go on a trip to ...
- on the whole

- On the whole, I like this film.
- on the way to

- on the way back

- on my own = by myself
- on the other hand
- on sale

- My house is on sale

* Lu ý : Kh«ng dïng on/in /at víi last/ next/ 
this / every week, month...today,tomorrow, 
yesterday ...

4/ For and during
* For

- for 2 weeks
- for good

* During

- during the party, the holiday ....
For

- He did it for me.
- go for my holiday
a short holiday
5/ To

- come to
- get to

- reach the station
- come home
- enter the room
6/ In to

- come into the room
- break into the house
- get ino the bus, car
7/ Onto

- get onto the train
on bus
- get onto the boat
8/ Out of

- get out of the house
- get out of the bus

off

- out of date
- out of order

-The lift is out of order
- out of work

- out of the question
9/ By

* ChØ thêi gian
- by 5 o'clock

- by the time we come back
- by the end of this month
* ChØ vÞ trÝ

- by the window
- by the sea

- He lives by the sea
* Côm tõ

- by car, bus, train
- by air, sea, land
- by post

- by accident
- by mistake

- by then

- by far (dùng trong câu so sánh nhất)
10/ Along

- Go along the street
11/ Over - On
- Over the river

- trên điện thoại

- Cơ ấy đang nói chuyện điện thoại
- đúng giờ

- Tàu đến đúng giờ
- Có chuyến đi tới
- nhìn chung

- Nhìn chung tơi thích bộ phim này.
- trên đờng tới

- trên đờng trở về
- một mình tơi
- mặt khác

- đợc giao bán

* Dïng víi kho¶ng thêi

- đợc 2 tuần

- forever

* §i víi danh tõ

- trong thời gian bữa tiệc, kỳ nghỉ ...
- Chỉ mục đích

Anh ấy làm việc đó cho tôi.
- đi nghỉ

5/ Tới, đến
- tới nhà ga
- về nhà
- vào phòng
6/ Vào trong
- vào phòng
- đột nhập vào nhà
- lờn xe

7/ Lên trên
- lên tàu, xe
- lên thuyền
8/Ra khỏi
- ra khỏi nhà
- xuống xe buýt

- lỗi thời
- hỏng

- thang máy bị hỏng

- thất nghiệp
- không thể
9/ By

- khoảng 5 giờ

- cho tới khi chúng tôi quay về
- cho tới cuối tháng

Bên cạnh
- cạnh cửa sổ
- bên bờ biển

Anh ấy sống cạnh bờ biển
- bằng tàu , xe

- bằng đờng không , biển, bộ

- bằng đờng bu điện

- t×nh cê

- nhầm, do sơ suất
- cho tới lúc đó

-This car is by far the best here
10/ Däc theo

- §i däc theo phè

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Exercise : Điền một giới từ thích hợp vào chỗ trèng nÕu cÇn
1. This tea is awful. It tastes ... water.

2. I feel asleep ... the film.

3. Production at the factory was seriously affected ... the strike.
4. Sue was angry ... me. She didn't speak to me ... a week.
5. Fred has gone away. He'll be away ... Monday.

6. I'll see you ... Monday.

7. They are holding a meeting ... next Friday.
8. Pauline got married ... 18 May 1992.

9. Hurry up ! We've got to go ... five minutes.
10. I don't like travelling ... night.

11. The telephone and the door bell rang ... the same time.
12. The bus was late this morning, but it's usually ... time.

13. Mr Henry is 63. He'll be retiring from his job ... 2 years' time.
14. I'm going away ... the end of the month.

15. It took me a long time to find a job. ... the end I got a job in a hotel.
16. Are you going away ... the beginning of August or ... the end ?
17. I love to look up at the stars ... the sky ... night.

18. My brother lives ... a small village ... the South of Laos.
19. I like to get up .... time for breakfast before going to work.
20. "Where shall we sit ?" - "Over there, ... the corner"

21. I don't know where my umbrella is. Perhaps I left ... the bus.
22. Shall we travel ... your car or mine ?

23. Tom is ill. He isn't ... work today. He is .... home ... bed.
24. I wasn't in when you phoned. I was ... my sister's house.
25. Paul lives ... London. He's a student ... London University.
26. Have you ever been ... China ?

27. We had lunch ... the airport while we are waiting ... our plane.
28. Welcome ... our hotel. We hope you enjoy your stay here.
29. What time did you get ...home last night ?

30. Look! That car is ... fire. Somebody should call the fire brigade.

31. The Earth travels around the Sun ... a speed of 107,000 kilometres an hour.
32. I'm sorry. It was an accident. I didn't do it .... purpose.

33. - Did you enjoy your holiday ?

- Not every minute, but .... the whole, yes.

34. Workers at the factory have gone ... strike ... better pay and conditions.
35.I think she should go ... a diet.

36. In Britain, children start school ... the age of five.
37. I'm going to Scotland ... a short holiday.

38. We didn't go ... holiday last month. We went ... business.
39. The plane was badly damaged ... lightning.

40. What time did he reach ... the farm yesterday ?
41. I didn't intend to take your hat. I took it ... mistake.

42. He usually goes to work ... bus, but this morning he went to work ... a taxi.
43. The door must be opened ... a key.

44. He sent me a present ... post.

45. ... my opinion, the film wasn't very good.

46. She is considered ... the best singer in her country.
47. Which one do you like best ... these pictures ?
48. He entered the room ... greeting anyone.
49. I want to get ... at the next bus-stop.

50. After getting ... the bus, she was lucky enough to have a good seat.
51. It is more expensive to go .... air than ... land.

52. ... stamps, I collect old coins.

53. His address is ... the bottom of the page.

54... hearing of the death of her father, she burst into tears

Prepositions ( Giíi tõ) - Part 2

I/ Nouns + Prep
* demand for sth
- need

- There isn't enough demand for that kind of

I/ Danh từ + Giới từ
* yêu cầu, nhu cầu về cái gì

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book.

- There's a great need for a new plan.
* reason for sth

- No one knows the reason for the train's delay.
* advantage/ disadvantage of doing sth

- The advantage of living alone
-The disadvantage of living in the city.
- There's an advantage in doing sth.
* cause of sth

- The cause of the explosion
* photograph of sth

picture

- Some photographs of my family
* an increase in sth

a rise
a fall
a decrease

- There has been an increase in the number of
road accidents

* damage to sth

- They had to pay for the damage to my car
* an invitation to the party

* a solution to the problem
* a key to sth

- a key to success
* an answer to sth

- I couldn't find the answer to his question.
* a reply to sth

- There was no reply to his letter.
* a reaction to sth

- I was surprised at her reaction to my
suggestion.

* an attitude to/ towards sth / sb
- His attitude to his job

* difference between ... and ...

- There are some differences between my views

and his.

* a connection with

- My talk has no connection with you.
* intention of doing sth

- I had no intention of visiting him.
* an impression on

- She made a deep impression on her boss.
* influence on sb/sth

- The influence of the weather on the
environment

* a habit of doing sth

- He made a habit of using the office telephone
* experience of/in doing sth

- She has much experience of teaching.
II/ Adjectives + Preps

* nice of sb to do sth
kind

careless

- It is very kind of you to help me.

* nice to sb

kind

- She's always kind to me.
* angry about sth
annoyed

- I'm angry about his mistakes.

* angry / annoyed with sb for doing sth
- He got angry with me for my being late.
* excited about sth/doing sth

- Are you excited about going on holiday next
week ?

* worry about sth/sb

- RÊt cÇn cã mét kÕ hoạch mới
* lý do cho điều gì

- Không ai biết lý do tàu chậm
* Thuận lợi/ bất lợi của việc làm gì
- Thuận lợi của việc sống một mình
- Bất lợi của việc sống ở thành phố
- Có lợi thế khi làm gì

* nguyên nhân của việc gì

- Nguyên nhân cđa vơ nỉ

* Tấm ảnh, bức ảnh về
- Một vài bức ảnh gia đình
* Tăng về cái gì

- Giảm về cái gì

- ĐÃ có sự tăng lên về số lợng vụ tai nạn giao
thông

* H hi, h hỏng đối với cái gì

-Họ phải thanh tốn thiệt hại đối với xe của tôi.

* lời mời tới dự tiệc
* giải pháp cho vấn đề
* chìa khóa cho cái gỡ

- chìa khóa cho sự thành công
* câu trả lời cho điều gì

- Tôi không thể tìm ra câu trả lời cho câu hỏi
của nó.

* Li ỏp cho cỏi gỡ

- Không có hồi âm cho lá th của nó.

* phản ứng lại cái gì

- Tôi ngạc nhiên về

phản ứng của cô ấy đối với đề nghị của tơi.
* thái độ đối với ai, điều gì

- thái độ của anh ấy đối với công việc
* khác biệt gia ... v ...

- Có một vài khác biệt giữa quan điểm của nó
và tôi.

* Sự liên quan với

- Câu chuyện của tơi khơng liên quan gì tới anh
* ý định làm gì

- Tơi khơng có ý định thăm anh ấy.
* ấn tợng đối với

- Cô ấy đã gây ấn tợng sâu sắc với ông chủ.
* ảnh hởng đối với

- Sự ảnh hởng của thời tiết đối với môi trờng
* thói quen làm gì

- H¾n cã thãi quen sư dụng điện thoại văn
phòng

* kinh nghiệm làm gì

- Cô ấy có nhiều kinh nghiệm giảng dạy.
II/ Tính từ + Giíi tõ

* ai đó tử tế khi làm gì
tốt bụng

cÈu th¶

- Anh thật tốt bụng khi giúp tơi.
* tử tế đối với ai

tèt bơng

- C« Êy lu«n tèt víi t«i.
* Tức giận về điều gì
bực mình

- Tôi bực về lỗi của nó.
* Tức giận với ai vì làm gì

- Anh ta bc vi tơi vì tơi đến muộn
* phấn khích về điều gì

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- Are you worried about your exam ?
* nervous about sth

* delighted with sth
* pleased

- He was delighted with his mother's present.
* satisfied with sth

* dissatisfied

- She is satisfied with her new house.
* disappointed with sb/sth

- I was disappointed with my study result.
* disappointed about sth

* surprised at / by sth
* amazed

astonished

- We were surprised at the news
* impressed with/by her appearance

* fed up / bored with sth/ doing sth
- He's fed up with his job.

* sorry for doing sth
- I'm sorry for being late.
* feel sorry for sb

* typical of

- It's typical of her to come late.

* tired of doing sth

- I'm tired of listening to his songs.
- I'm tired of his playing the guitar.
* certain of sth

sure about sth
- We are not sure about that.
* good/ bad at sth / doing sth
excellent at sth/ doing
brilliant

- Mr Hoan is good at cooking.
* get/ be married to sb
-get/ be engaged to sb

- Mary is married to a rich man.
- He's married with 3 children.

* similar to sth

- Your hat is similar to mine.
* different from sth/sb

- The house was different from what I
visualized.

* interested in sth/doing sth
- I'm interested in music
* dependent on sb/sth

- I don't want to be dependent on her.
* afraid

frightened of sth / doing sth
terrified

scared

- She's afraid of living on her own in a big city.
* fond of sth/doing sth

keen on

- I'm fond of watching football.
* keen on sth

- Nam is keen on English.
* proud of sth/sb

- He's always proud of his garden.
* ashamed of sth

- Weren't you ashamed of your mistake ?
* jealous of sth/sb

envious

- She's always jealous of other people.
* suspicious of sth/sb

- She was suspicious of my intentions
* aware of sth

- They weren't aware of the danger.
* capable of sth/doing sth

* lo lắng về điều gì

- Cậu có lo lắng về kỳ thi không ?
* hồi hộp về điều gì

* vui với cái gì

- Nó vui víi mãn quµ cđa mĐ.
* tháa m·n víi cái gì

* không hài lòng

- Cô ấy hài lòng với ngôi nhà mới của mình.
* thất vọng với

- Tôi thất vọng với kết quả học tập của mình.
* thất vọng về điều gì

* ngạc nhiên bëi
sưng sèt

- Chúng tơi ngạc nhiờn vi tin ú.

* bị gây ấn tợng bởi vẻ bề ngoài của cô ta.
* chán với cái gì/làm gì

- Anh ta chán với cơng việc của mình.
* xin lỗi vì đã làm gì

- Tơi xin lỗi vì đến muộn.
* cảm thấy thơng hại cho ai
* điển hình, đặc trng

- Cơ ta có tính hay đến muộn
* Chán với, mt mi vi

- Tôi chán nghe những bài hát của anh ta.
- Tôi chán nghe hắn chơi ghi ta.

* chắc chắn về điều gì

- Chỳng tụi khụng chc v iu đó.
* giỏi / kém về điều gì

xt s¾c về điều gì/ làm gì
- Ông Hoàn giỏi nấu nớng.
* Cới ai

- Đính hôn

- Mary ci mt ngi n ơng giàu có.
- Ơng ta đã lập gia đình và có 3 con.
* tơng tự nh cái gì

- Mị cđa cậu giống của tôi.
* khác với

- Ngôi nhà khác với những gì tôi hình dung.
* thích điều gì

- Tôi thích âm nhạc.
* phụ thuộc vào ai/ điều gì

- Tôi không muốn phụ thuộc vào cô ấy.
* sợ ai/ điều gì

- Cô ta sợ sống một mình ở thành phố.
* thích cái gì

- Tụi thớch xem búng ỏ.
* gii v

- Nam giỏi tiếng Anh
* tự hào về

- Ông ta luôn tự hào về cái vờn của mình.
* xấu hổ về

- Cậu không thấy xấu hổ về lỗi của mình à ?
* Ghen tị với

- Cô ta luôn ghen với ngời khác.
* Nghi ngờ ai/ điều gì

- B ta nghi ng ý định của tôi.
* nhận thức về

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incapable

- He's capable of doing this job.
* full of sth/sb

short

- He's full of life.

- The room is full of people.
- I'm short of money.

* independent of sb

- He's independent of his parents.
* crowded with

- The bus was crowded with passengers.
* famous for sth

- Da Lat is famous for its scenery.
* responsible for sth/doing sth

- Who's responsible for breaking the glass ?
III/ Verb + Prep

* laugh / smile at sb
* aim at sth/sb

- They laughed at his clothes.
* talk to sb

with

* talk of sb/sth
about
* throw sth at sb

- Somebody threw a rotten egg at the President.
* shout at sb

- She always shouts at her husband.
* explain sth to sb

describe

- He couldn't explain the problem to us.
* apologise to sb for doing sth

- She apologised for saying that.
* thank sb for sth

* ask sb for sth

- Lan usually asks her mother for money.
* care about sth/sb

- He's selfish. He doesn't care about other
people.

* care what/where

- I don't care what you do.
* take care of sb

- Take care of yourself.
* take after sb

- He takes after his father.
* apply for the job

* look for sth/sb
* leave for work
Hanoi
*dream of doing sth

- She often dreams of being rich.
* hear about sth

- Did you hear about the robbery ?
* hear from sb

- Do you often hear from your brother ?
* think about sth/sb

- I'm thinking about buying a new house.

* remind sb about sth

- I remind him about the meeting.
* remind sb of sth

- This piece of music reminds me of my
childhood.

* complain to sb about sth

- We complained to the manager about the
service.

* warn sb of/about sth

- warn everybody of the danger
* consist of

* Có khả năng làm gì
- Không có khả năng

- Anh ấy có khả năng làm việc này.
* đầy cái gì/ thiếu cái gì

- Anh ta y sc sng
- Căn phịng đầy ngời
- Tơi thiếu tiền.
* độc lập với ai

- Cậu ấy độc lập với bố mẹ.

* đông đúc

- Xe buýt đông hành khách.
* nổi tiếng về điều gì

- Đà Lạt nổi tiếng về cảnh đẹp.
* Chịu trách nhim v

- Ai chịu trách nhiệm về việc làm vỡ cái ly ?
III/ Động từ + Giới từ

* cời ai
* nhằm vào ai

- Họ cời quần áo của nó.
* nãi chun víi ai
* nãi chun vỊ ai
* nÐm c¸i gì vào ai

- Ai ú ó nộm qu trng thi vo Tng thng.
* la mng ai

- Bà ta luôn la mắng chồng
* giảng giải cái gì cho
mô tả

- Anh ta khụng th ging giải vấn đề cho chúng
tơi.

* xin lỗi ai vì đã làm gì

- Cơ ta xin lỗi vì đã nói điều đó
* cảm ơn ai vì điều gì

* xin ai cái gì

- Lan thờng xin tiền mẹ
* quan tâm tới cái gì

- Hắn ta rất ích kỷ. Anh ta không quan tâm tới
ngời khác.

- Tôi không quan tâm tới những gì cậu làm.
* quan tâm tới ai

* giống ai

- Cậu ấy giống bố
* nộp đơn xin việc
* tìm kiếm ai/ cỏi gỡ
* i lm

đi Hà nội
* mơ làm gì

- Cô ta thờng mơ trở lên giàu có
* nghe về cái gì

- Cu cú nghe tin gì về vụ trộm khơng ?
* nhận đợc tin từ ai

- Bạn có thờng nhận đợc tin từ anh trai khụng?
* ngh v iu gỡ

- Tôi đang nghĩ về việc mua một ngôi nhà mới.

* nhắc ai về cái gì

- Tôi nhắc anh ấy về cuộc họp.
* gợi cho ai nhớ về cái gì

- Bản nhạc gợi cho tôi nhớ về tuổi thơ.
* phàn nàn với ai về điều g×

- Chúng tơi phàn nàn với giám đốc về vic
phc v.

* cảnh báo ai về cái gì

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- This book consists of three chapters.
* die of

- He died of a heart-attack.
* approve of

- Her parents don't approve of her marriage.
* pay for sth

- He didn't have enough money to pay for the
meal.

* pay sb

* blame sb for sth

- Everybody blamed him for the accident.
* suffer from sth

- He suffered from a headache.
* protect sb from sth

- We protected the children from the danger.
* depend on

- It depends on the weather.
* rely on sb

- You can rely on him.
* live on sth

- We can't live on our salary.
* congratulate sb on sth

- We congratulated Mai on her success.
* compliment sb on sth

- We complimented him on his academic result.
* succeed in doing sth

- He succeeded in finding a good job in Ha noi.

* run into

- I ran into my old friend while going to work.
* crash into

- A car crashed into a lorry.
* break into

- Our house was broken into
* divide into

- This book is divided into 3 parts.
* translate into

- His book was translated into French.
* fill sth with sth

- fill this saucepan with water
* provide sb with sth

supply

- They provided the poor children with food.
* insist on doing sth

- She insisted on going with us.
* spend on sth

- Ms Hai spent much money on clothes.
* get on with sb

get along

- They are getting on with each other.
* turn up

- He will turn up before long.
* take off

* take sth off

- Take off your shoes.
* take over sth

- When his mother was away he took over her
business.

* take sth in

- They didn't take in what I was saying.
* take part in

- She doesn't like to take part in group
discussion.

* keep up with sb

- I can't keep up with you. You are walking too
fast.

- Cuốn sách này bao gồm 3 chơng.
* chết bởi

- Ông ấy chết vì bệnh tim.
* Công nhận, tán thành

- Bố mẹ cô ấy không tán thành cuộc hôn nhân
của cô.

* trả tiền cho cái gì

- Anh ta khụng có đủ tiền để trả bữa ăn.
* trả tiền ai

* đổ tội ai vì cái gì

- Mọi ngời đổ tội anh ấy gây tai nạn.
* chịu ảnh hởng từ cái gỡ

- Anh ấy bị đau đầu.
* bảo vệ ai khỏi cái gì

- Chúng tôi bảo vệ lũ trẻ khỏi hiĨm nguy.
* phơ thc vµo

- Phơ thc vµo thêi tiÕt.
* tin cËy vµo ai

- CËu cã thĨ tin cËy vào nó.
* sống nhờ vào cái gì

- Chỳng ta khụng thể sống nhờ vào đồng lơng.
* chúc mừng ai vì cỏi gỡ

- Chúng tôi chúc mừng Mai về thành công của
cô ấy.

* khen ai về cái gì

- Chúng tôi khen ngợi cậu ấy về kết quả học
tập.

* thành công về làm gì

- Anh y thnh cụng khi kim c vic H
ni.

* gặp phải

- Tôi gặp bạn cũ khi đang tới nơi làm việc.
* đâm vào

- Chic xe con đâm vào chiếc xe tải.
* đột nhập vào

- Nhà tôi đã bị trộm đột nhập vào.
* chia thành

- Cuốn sách đợc chia thành 3 phần.
* dịch sang

- Cuốn sách của ông ấy đợc dịch sang tiếng
Pháp.

* lấp đầy cái gì
- đổ đầy nớc vào chảo
* cung cấp cho ai cái gì

- Ngêi ta cung cÊp l¬ng thực cho trẻ em nghèo.
* nài nỉ làm gì

- Cụ ta nài nỉ đợc đi với chúng tôi.
* tiêu tiền vo cỏi gỡ

- Cô Hải tiêu nhiều tiền sắm quần ¸o.
* hßa thn víi

- Hä sèng hßa thn víi nhau.
* xuất hiện

- Nó sẽ xuất hiện ngay thôi.
* cất cánh (m¸y bay)
* cëi ra

- Cởi giày ra.
* đảm nhận cái gì

- Khi mẹ anh ấy đi vắng, anh ấy đảm nhn cụng
vic ca b.

* tiếp thu điều gì

- Họ không tiếp thu những gì tôi nói.
* tham gia vào

- Cô ta không thích tham gia vào thảo luận
nhóm.

* bắt kÞp víi ai

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* cut down on sth

- He's trying to cut down on smoking.
* put on

- Put the shoes on
* put off

- They decided to put off the meeting.
* bring sb up

- She was well brought up
* call sth off

- We decided to call off the match.
* carry out the plan

* carry on doing sth

- I find it difficult to carry on working there.

* catch up with sb

* come across sth

- I came across this old picture when I was
looking for my passport.

* get over sth

- He got over a bad heart-attack.
* keep on doing sth

* let sb down
* pick sb up
* put aside

* send for a doctor
* set off (early)

* cắt giảm cái gì

- Ông ta đang giảm dần hút thuốc.
* mặc vào

- Đi giầy vào
* trì hoÃn

- H quyt định hỗn cuộc họp.
* ni nấng ai

- Cơ ấy đợc nuôi nấng tốt.
* hủy bỏ

- Chúng tôi quyết định hủy bỏ trận đấu.
* triển khai kế hoạch

* tiÕp tơc lµm g×

- Tơi thấy khó làm việc ở đó.
* theo kịp ai

* tình cờ bắt gặp cái gì

- Tôi bắt gặp bức tranh cũ khi đang tìm hộ
chiếu.

* vợt qua cái gì

- ễng y ó vt qua cn au tim.
* tiếp tục làm gì

* làm ai thất vọng
* ún ai

*dành dụm
* gọi bác sĩ
* khởi hành (sớm)

Exercise : Điền một giới từ thích hợp vào chỗ trống

1.There are some differences ... British and American English
2. Money isn't a solution ... every problem.

3. There has been an increase ... the amount of traffic on that road.
4. There are many advantages ... being able to speak a foreign language.
5. What was Emma's reaction ... the news ?

6. The advantage ... having a car is that you don't have to rely ... public transport.
7. When Paul left home his attitude ... his parents seemed to change.

8. Bill and I used to be good friends but I didn't have much contact ... him now.
9. The company has rejected the workers' demand ... a rise ... pay.

10. Everything can be explained. There is a reason ... everything.
11. Ken showed me a photo ... the house where he used to live.
12. I was delighted ... the present you gave me.

13. It was very nice ... you to do the shopping for me.

14. They didn't reply to my letter, which was very impolite ... them.
15. We enjoyed our holiday, but we were a bit disappointed ... the hotel.
16. Are you angry ... what happened ?

17. I'm sorry ... what I said. I hope you are not angry ... me.
18. Linda doesn't look well. I'm worried ... her.

19. I was surprised ... the way he behaved.
20. He's not satisfied ... his progress.
21. They were quite excited ... the match.

22. We weren't very impressed ... his appearance.

23. I was very angry ... them ... making so much noise.
24. He felt sorry ... the children.

25. The letter Ba wrote was full ... mistakes.
26. My town is famous ... green bean cakes.

27. I'm not ashamed ... what I did. In fact, I'm quite proud ... it.
28. These days everybody is aware ... the danger of smoking.
29. The station platform is crowded ... people.

30. I'm tired ... doing the same thing everyday.
31. I don't think she's capable ... telling a lie.
32. It's typical ... Minh to invent stories like that.
33. Our house is similar ... yours.

34. He's totally dependent ... his parents.

35. We'd better phone ... the restaurant to reserve a table.
36. I apologise ... Bridgit ... the misunderstanding.
37. I explained ... everybody what they had to do.
38. Mike describe ... me how the accident happened.
39. I promise I'll take good care ... it.

40. I don't care ... the cost of the holiday.
41. I'm glad you reminded me ... his birthday.

42. This house reminds me ... the one I live in when I was small.
43. We warned our children ... the fierce dog.

44. They complained ... their neighbour ... his naughty son.
45. My mother suffered ... a very bad headache.

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47. The apartment consists ... three rooms.

48. The accident was my fault, so I had to pay ... the damage.
49. Many people are dying ... hunger.

50. They wore warm clothes to protect themselves ... the cold.
51. I complimented her ... her English.

52. I don't know whether I'll go out tonight. It depends ... how I feel.
53. The school provides all its students ... books.

54. A strange thing happened ... me a few days ago.
55. I hope you succeed ... getting what you want.
56. Do you spend much money ... clothes ?

57. I felt quite cold, but Peter insisted ... having the window open.
58. I was nervous when the plane took ...

59. You're walking too fast. I can't keep up ... you.
60. Don't wake the children ... !

61. When his mother died, he was brought ... by his uncle.

Qu¸n tõ (A, An, The)

I/ The ( Quán từ xác định)

1/ The đợc sử dụng với danh từ đợc nhắc lại lần thứ 2 :

- There's a man behind me. The man is old. ( Một ngời đàn ơng ở sau tơi. Ơng ta già rồi)

2/ The đợc sử dụng với vật, thứ mà cả ngời nghe và ngời nói đều biết :
- There's a chair in the sitting-room.

3/ The đợc sử dụng với từ xác định chứ khơng phải nói chung :

- I love the people I'm working with.
Tôi quí những ngời mà tôi làm cùng.

4/ The c s dng vt, thứ duy nhất :

- the earth, the sun, the moon, the only one, the smallest house (so s¸nh nhÊt)

5/ The + adj ( ChØ mét nhãm ngêi) + §éng tõ sè nhiÒu :

- The rich ( ngêi giµu), the poor, the unemployed, the homeless ( ngêi v« gia c), the old ....

6/ The đợc sử dụng với sông biển, đại dơng :

- The Red Sea, The River Thames, the Atlantic Ocean

7/ The đợc sử dụng với nớc có đi số nhiều s :

- The Philipines, The Netherlands, The United States.

8/ The đợc sử dụng với từ chỉ quốc tịch :

- The French ( ngêi Ph¸p), The English, the Vietnamese + §éng tõ sè nhiỊu

9/ The Browns ... : Gia đình nhà Brown ... 
10/ The thờng đi với :

The ground (đất), the source (nguồn) , the root (cội rễ), the cinema, the theatre, the radio, the truth,
the police, the same, play the piano, play the guitar ...

- I can't play the guitar. ( Tôi không biết chơi ghi ta)
- I don't have a guitar. (T«i kh«ng cã ghi ta)

12/ The first, the second, the last ...
13/ Cụm từ cố định không dùng the:

- at home, at work, go to bed, in bed, at school, go to hospital, go to school, watch TV, in nature

14/ Những trờng hợp không dùng the :

- Kh«ng dïng the víi hå : West Lake

- Kh«ng dïng the víi breakfast, lunch, dinner
- Kh«ng dïng the víi Room 5, page 12 ....

- Khơng dùng the với địa danh gắn với tên ngời : Le Van Tam Park, Camden Town

II/ A, An

- An đợc sử dụng trớc danh từ bắt đầu là nguyên âm (Sau khi đã phiên âm)
Eg: - a university , a one-eyed man, an onion

- A đợc sử dụng trớc danh từ bắt đầu là phụ âm : a hat, a pen ...
- A, an đợc sử dụng trớc danh từ đếm đợc nhắc tới lần đầu :
There's a chair in the sitting-room. The chair is nice.

A kh«ng dïng víi breakfast, lunch, dinner (nhng ta nãi : a good breakfast)

Những cụm cố định không dùng với a, an : on holiday, by car, do business, on business, on
purpose (có mc ớch)

Exercise: Điền a, an , the vào chỗ trèng nÕu cÇn

1/ I saw ... accident this morning. ... car crashed into .... tree. ... driver of ... car wasn't hurt
but .... car was badly damaged.

2/ It's ... beautiful day. Let's sit in ... garden.

3/ We had ... dinner in ... most expensive restaurant in town.
4/ Do you often listen to .... radio ?

- No, In fact, I haven't got ... radio.

5/ I lay down on ... ground and look up at ... sky.
6/ Mary and I arrived at .... same time.

7/ You'll find .... information you need at ... top of ... page.
8/ I had ... very nice breakfast this morning

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10/ She usually goes to ... school on ... foot.

11/ I went to ... school yesterday to invite ... headmaster to the party.
12/ ... milk is good for children.

13/ Can you pass me ... pepper please ?
14/ I like meeting ... people.

15/ She likes ... people she's working with.
16/ ... French are famous for their generosity.
17/ He is living in ... Netherlands now.

18/ Seychelles are a group of islands in ... Indian Ocean.

19/ There was ... knock on .... door. I opened it and found ... small dark man in ... blue
overcoat. He said he was ... employee of the gas company and had come to read ... meter. But
I had ... suspicion that he wasn't speaking ... truth because ... meter readers usually

wear ... peaked caps. However I took him to ... meter, which is in ... dark corner under ...
stairs (... meters are usually in ... dark corners under ... stairs).

I asked if he had ... torch; he said he disliked torches and always read ... meters by ... light
of ... match. I remarked that if there was ... leak in ... gaspine, there might be ... explosion
while he was reading ... meter. He said, "As ... matter of ... fact, there was ... explosion
in ... last house I visited; and Mr Smith, ... owner of ... house, was burnt in ... face." "Mr
Smith was holding ... lighted match at ... time of ... explosion.". To prevent ... possible
repetition of this accident, I lend him ... torch. He switched on ... torch, read ... meter and
wrote the readings down on ... back of ... envelope. I said in ... surprise that ... meter
readers usually put readings down in ...book. He said that he had ... book but that it had been
burnt in ... fire in Mr Smith's house. By this time I had come to .... conclusion that he wasn't ...
genuine meter reader; and ... moment he left ... house, I rang ... police.

20/ My aunt lived on ... ground floor of ... old house on ... River Thames. She was very much
afraif of ... burglars and always locked up ... house carefully before she went to ... bed. She
also took ... precaution of looking under ... bed to see if ... burglar was hiding there. "...
modern burglars don't hide under ... beds", said her daughter. "I'll go on looking as ... same",
said my aunt. One morning she rang her daughter in triump. "I found ... burglar under ...
bed ... last night", she said, "and he was quite ... young man."

21/ My neighbour is ... photographer; let's ask him for ... advice.
22/ ... poor are many in rural areas in Viet Nam.

23/ " Do you often watch ... TV ?"
"- No, I haven't got ... TV set".

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