MAT T R A ] ^ CHil\H T R I , NGOAI GIAO TROI^^G CUOC BAU
TRAI^H BAO VE CHU QUYEm BIEBf BAO CUA TO QUOC

DANG DINH QUV*

T

fl nam 2009, tinh hinh Bien Dong
dien bid'n ngay cang phfle tap. Chii
quyen, quyen chu quyen va quyen tai phan
eua Viet Nam b Bien Ddng bi thach thflc
nghiem trpng. Cung nhu cae mat tran
khac, chinh tri, ngoai giao dflng trfldc
nhflng yeu cau mdi, bai vie't nay se didm lai
nhflng va'n de chinh, no'i bat tren mat tran
da'u tranh chinh tri, ngoai giao eiia Viet
Nam trong thdi gian qua.
Phan bac yeu sach "dUdng 9 doan"
cua Trung Quo'c
Ngay 7-5-2009, trong cdng ham sd'
CML/17/2009 va CML/18/2009 (1) ciia phai
doan thudng trUc Trung Qud'c tai Lien hdp
qud'e giii Uy ban ranh gidi ngoai them luc
dia (CLCS) ciia Lien hiep quo'c (LHQ) de
phan ddi viec Viet Nam va Malaysia giii
bao eao chung ve ranh gidi ngoai them luc
dia va kem theo ban dd dfldng 9 doan. Mdt
ngay sau, phai doan thfldng true Viet Nam
tai LHQ da giii cong ham sd86/HC-2009 (2)
tai khang dinh "Vidt Nam co ehu quyen
khdng the tranh cai dd'i vdi Hoang Sa va

TrUdng Sa", mdt lan nfla neu ro, yeu sach
ciia Trung Qud'c neu trong cac cdng ham
giii LHQ ngay 7-5-2009 la hoan toan vd gia

' TS. Hoc vien Ngoai giao - Bo Ngoai giao

Sau khi chinh thflc de trinh len LHQ,
Trung Qud'e da ed nhieu bien phap hanh
chinh, ky thuat nham day manh phd bi§'n,
ehinh thUc hda ban dd "dudrig 9 doan" trong
eac tai heu chinh tho'ng eua nha nude. Ngay
25-10-2010, Cue Do dac ban do qudc gia
Trung Qud'e khai trUdng dieh vu ban do
trUc tuye'n the hien dfldng yeu sach 9 doan
bao trflm len hai quan dao Hoang Sa,
Trfldng Sa va cac viing bien eua Viet Nam.
Ngay 5-11-2010, ngfldi phat ngdn Bp Ngoai
giao Viet Nam da phan dd'i vdi ndi dung
viee lam nay va ydu cau Trung Qud'c "tuan
thii nhan thflc chung eiia lanh dao ca'p cao
hai nfldc ve viec duy tri hda binh, on dinh,
khong lam phfle tap hoac md rdng tranh
eha'p d Bien Ddng" (3).
Ngay 15-11-2012, Trung Qud'e cho ban
hanh hd chie'u cd in hinh dfldng Ifldi bo.
Ngay 22-11-2012, ngfldi phat ngdn Bo
Ngoai giao Viet Nam thdng bao Viet Nam
da trao cdng ham phan dd'i eho Dai sfl quan
Trung Qud'c tai Ha Npi va yeu cin phia
Trung Qud'e siia ngay nhflng ndi dung sai

trai in tren hp chid'u (4). Ngay 28-11-2012,
tai phien hpp bao chinh phii thfldng kj,
ngUcii phat ngdn Chinh phii Viet Nam
tuydn bd', ddi vdi cdng dan Trung Qud'c khi
dflng hd chie'u in dfldng 9 doan de lam thu


TBtt Iran chlnh tr|. ngoai giao...
tuc nhap canh vao Viet Nam thi khdng
ddng da^u eua Viet Nam len ho chieu dd, ma
se ca'p thi thuc td rdi (5).
Ngay 11-1-2013, ed quan do dac, ban do
vk thdng tin dia cha't quo'c gia Trung Qudc
(NASMG) thong bao vfla phat hanh ban do
mdi ciia Trung Qud'c, lan dau tien cd danh
da'u rd toan bp 130 dao ldn nhd d Bien Ddng,
va in dam dfldng 9 doan vdi cae ky hieu
tfldng tfl nhfl dfldng ky hieu dfldng bien gidi
qudc gia. Ngay 24-1-2013, ngUdi phat ngdn
Bd Ngoai giao Viet Nam da tuyen bd' khdng
cdng nhan ban do nay va khang dinh "mpi
ban do the hien thdng tin sai lech ve ehu
quydn ciia Viet Nam dd'i vdi hai quan dao
Hoang Sa va Trfldng Sa, quyen ehu quyen,
quyen tai phan cua Viet Nam b Bien Ddng la
phi phap va vo gia tri" (6).
Khdng dflng lai b cac bien phap hanh
chinh, ky thuat trong nflde, Trung Qud'c edn
day manh vide "khu vUc hda, qud'c te hda"
ban do dfldng 9 doan nham ep bude du luan

khu vuc va qud'c te quen diin va dan di de'n
cha'p nhan dfldng 9 doan. Cae a'n pham du
lich, ban dd tren bang thdng tin hien tren
ckc ehuyen bay ciia Trung Qud'e, cac bai
vid't "nghidn eflu khoa hpc", va nha't la cac
hpi nghi, hdi thao qud'e te' do Trung Qud'c td
chflc la dip Trung Qud'c phd trfldng ban dd
dfldng Ifldi bd. Trong nhflng sfl kien nhu
vky, Viet Nam ludn tim each phan dd'i va
ngan can Trung Qud'c ban hanh va phat
tan eac ban dd hoae tai lieu ed in hinh 9
doan. Dien hinh la Didn dan hdp tac Vinh
Bae Bp md rdng ma Trung Qud'c dflng ra
chu tri. TrUdc mdi cupc hpp ciia didn dan,
doan Viet Nam thudng luon lien hd trUde
vdi ban td chflc didn dan de thuyet phue,
vkn ddng khdng dfla dfldng 9 doan vao tai
li?u hpi nghi. Ne'u ban to chflc van phat tan
tai li?u ed dfldng 9 doan tai didn dan, doan
Vi?t Nam tham dfl ludn phan dd'i kip thdi
thdng qua nhieu hinh thflc nhfl: edng khai

phan ddi tai hpi nghi, hiiy bd khdng tham
dfl didn dan, bd ve gifla chflng hoae tay
chay hdi nghi.
P h a n do'i cac h o a t d o n g xam p h a m
t r e n thufc dia
Sau khi Trung Quo'c chinh thfle cdng
khai yeu sach dfldng 9 doan, Trung Qude
da dong bp trien khai yeu sach bang cac

bien phap hanh chinh, phap ly, cha'p phap,
kinh te', quan sU va tuyen truyen nham mdt
mat day manh vide khai thac tham dd tai
nguyen thien nhien tren Bien Ddng, mat
khac tang cfldng kiem soat, ddn phfldng
thflc thi quyen tai phan trai phep trong
toan bd pham vi dfldng Ifldi bd.
De day mgnh khai thac thdm db tdi
nguyen thien nhien, Trung Qud'c thuc day
hai linh vfle chinh la nghe ca va tham dd,
khai thac dau mo va khi dot.
Trong linh vflc nghe ca, Trung Qud'c sii
dung so' lfldng tau ea eong sua't ldn, sd'
lupng nhieu, tran xud'ng khai thae theo
nhdm sd' lfldng ldn dudi sU yem trd ciia cac
tau chap phap va hai quan tien hanh khai
thac tai khu vflc bai Hoang Nham
(Scarborough), quan dao Trfldng Sa va phia
Nam dfldng Ifldi bd. Trong linh vflc tham
dd, khai thac dau md va khi dd't, Trung
Qud'c da tie'n hanh khao sat dia cha'n nhieu
Ian tai khu vflc dao Tri Tdn, md thau 9 Id
dau khi nam sau trong them luc dia cua
Viet Nam, mdi thau 26 Id dau khi trong dd
CO Id dau khi 65/12 nam each dao Cay thudc
quan dao Hoang Sa eiia Viet Nam khoang 3
hai ly va mdi day nha't, Trung Qud'e ha d^it
trai phep gian khoan trong dd cd gian
khoan Hai Dudng 981 ndm sau trong them
luc dia va vflng dae quyen kinh te' eiia Viet

Nam. Ngoai ra, Trung Qud'e eung thuc day
cac boat ddng nghien eflu khao cd, khao sat
khoa hoc va phat trien du lich tai qudn dao
Hoang Sa ciia Viet Nam.


Rghien cuu Lieh sur. so 8.2014
Be tdng citdng dem phitcfng thitc thi
quyen tdi phdn trdi phep trong todn bg
phgm vi diidng liidi bb, Trung Qud'e ddng
loat triln khai eac bien phap tren thflc dia
va eae bien phap hanh ehinh va phap ly. Tfl
nam 2009, Trung Quo'c ddn phUdng ap dat
lenh ea'm danh bat ea tren pham vi rdng tfl
khu vflc phia Bac Bidn Ddng xud'ng de'n vi
tuye'n 12, bao trflm len nhieu vung bien cua
Viet Nam. Trung Qud'c lien tiep tien hanh
cae hoat ddng bat gifl tau ea, bat, danh dap
ngfl dan, ddi boi thfldng, cfldp ngfl eu, tai
san cua ngfl dan, uy hiep, ngan can khdng
cho tau ca Viet Nam vao quan dao Hoang
Sa de tranh gid, tranh bao, tie'n hanh dam
va, ngan ehan, truy dudi khdng cho cac tau
ca eiia Viet Nam danh bat ea tai ngU
trudng truyen tho'ng, gay thiet hai ve tai
san cho tau ea va nguy hiem cho tinh mang
eiia ngfl dan Vidt Nam, Trung Quo'c cung
can pha, qua'y nhidu hoat ddng tham dd
diu khi ciia Vidt Nam qua ba lan cfit cap
tham dd dau khi ciia tau Binh Minh 02, vao

26-5-2011, tau Viking H vao 9-6-2011 va
tau Binh Minh 02 tai khu vfle c^a Vinh Bae
Bd, each dao Cdn Cd 43 hai ly vao 30-112012. Trung Qud'e edn tang cfldng cae hoat
dpng tuan tra giam sat ca tren khdng va
tren bien trong pham vi dfldng ludi bd.
Trung Qud'e cflng day manh viec thanh
lap eac khu vflc hanh chinh, ddn vi hanh
chinh, ban hanh cae van ban phap luat
trong nude de luat hda eae quyen tai phan
phi phap ciia Trung Qud'c tai Bien Ddng.
Cu the, Trung Qud'e da thanh lap uy ban
thdn dao Vinh Hflng va Trieu Thuat tflc
dao Phu Lam va Dao Cay, thanh lap Thanh
phd' Tam Sa, cd quan ehi huy quan sfl ciia
Tam Sa va tien hanh bau dai bieu dai hdi
nhan dan khda I cua Tam Sa vao nam
2012. Ben eanh do, Trung Quo'c ban hanh
Luat bao ve Hai dao nam 2009, Cfldng ye'u
phat trien kinh te', xa hpi tinh Hai Nam 5

nam, lan thfl 12 nam 2011, Quy hoach hai
dao toan qud'e 2011-2020 tam nhin den
2030, Quy hoach phat trien sU nghiep hai
dUdng qud'c gia 5 nam lan thfl 12 nam 2013,
trong dd bao gdm nhflng npi dung phat
trien phi phap vdi Hoang Sa va TrUdng Sa,
ddng thdi ban hanh dieu le tri an bien
phdng 2012, Luat ngU nghiep stta ddi nam
2013. Dac biet hai van ban nay dflpe ban
hanh vdi danh nghia eua chinh quydn Hai

Nam nhflng cd pham vi ap dung rdng bao
trflm ea Tam Sa.
Dd'i phd vdi eae bien phap ciia Trung
Qud'e, phdi hdp chat che vdi cac bien phap
thue day viee thUc thi quyen ehu quyen va
quyen tai phan hdp phap cua minh, Viet
Nam kien quye't tie'n hanh cac bien phap
da'u tranh, phan bac cac hanh ddng sai trai
cua Trung Qud'e.
Di phdn bdc hdnh dgng cua Trung
Qudc, Viet Nam dd tie'n hdnh nhieu biin
phdp chinh tri, ngogi giao de kien quye't
phdn ddi mgi hogt dgng bdt hc/p phdp cua
Trung Quo'c. Cac bien phap nay bao gdm
viec tie'n hanh giao thiep ngoai giao song
phuong b cac ca'p, trong dd c6 cae cupe gap
ciia lanh dao ca'p cao, giao thiep d ca'p Bo
trudng, Thfl trfldng ngoai giao. Ddng thdi,
Bd Ngoai giao da tie'n hanh trao cong ham
phan dd'i eho Dai sfl Trung Qud'e tai Ha Npi
va ra tuyen bd' phan dd'i cua ngfldi phat
ngdn Bp Ngoai giao. Trong cac bidn phap
ngoai giao nay, Viet Nam luon khang dinh
chii quyen lanh thd do'i vdi Hoang Sa,
Trfldng Sa, phan dd'i, len an eac hanh vi vi
pham ciia Trung Qud'c, yeu cau Trung Qudc
cham dflt va khdng tai dien cac hanh vi vi
pham, tha tau, tha ngfldi vo dieu kien.
Dong thdi, Viet Nam eflng tuydn bd' khdng
cdng nhan gia tri phap ly ciia cac van ban

phap ludt eiia Trung Qud'e dd'i vdi Hoang
Sa, TrUdng Sa, va vflng bien cua Viet Nam,


Hiat h-an chinh tri. ngoai giao...
khong cdng nhSn viec thanh lap trai phep
cae ddn vi hanh ehinh.
Cac hoat ddng trdn day dUpc d^y manh
va phoi hpp ehat che vdi qua trinh hoan
thien he thong ludt phap, dae bidt la viec
Qudc hdi thdng qua Ludt bien Viet Nam,
cung cd cac lUc lfldng thflc thi phap luat
trdn bien va viec trien khai cic chinh sach
khuydn khich cac hoat ddng kinh te' trong
cae vung biln thude ehu quyen, quyen ehu
quydn va quydn tai phan cua Viet Nam
theo luat quoc te.
Dau tranh t a i cac d i e n dan qud'c t^,
t r a n h thu dU l u a n t h e gidi
Tfl nam 2007, Trung Qudc ngay mot "tit
tin" hdn trdn trfldng qud'c td'. Trdn Biln
Dong, so vu vide Trung Qud'c gay ra vdi ngfl
dSn Viet Nam (nhfl bat gifl, tham chi bdn
ngfl dan Viet Nam), va boat ddng tham dd
dia cha'n trong vflng dac quyen kinh te' va
them lue dia eiia Viet Nam gia tang. Nam
2006, Trung Qud'e tuyen bd' bao luu mdt sd'
quyen va nghia vu theo dieu 298 cua Cdng
fldc LHQ ve Luat bien (UNCLOS) 1982. Tfl
nam 2007, Trung Qud'c khong cdn man ma

trien khai DOC, nhieu lan khdng tham dfl
cudc hpp quan chflc eao ca'p ASEAN
Trung Quo'c dd tham va'n ve vide trien khai
Tuyen bd flng xii eua eae ben cf Bien Ddng
(DOC).
Ke tfl nam 2009, va'n de Bien Ddng nong
trd lai vdi viec Trung Qud'c chinh thfle yeu
sach dfldng 9 doan va trien khai thflc thi
ydu sach dd. Viet Nam thuc day ASEAN
cfin cd tid'ng noi va vai trd manh me hdn
nfla song mdt so' nfldc ASEAN tie'p tuc
'lang tranh" vd'n de Bien Ddng, ngai de" cap
dd'n va'n de Bien Ddng trong eac trao ddi ndi
khdi ASEAN, cang khdng mud'n trao ddi
va'n de Biln Ddng trong eae trao ddi gifla
ASEAN va Trung Qud'e. Trong khi dd,
Trung Qude tich cUc gay sflc dp vdi ASEAN,
muo'n tie'p tuc "danh chim" va'n de Bien

Dong, khdng mud'n ASEAN thao luan van
de Biln Ddng.
Trfldc tinh hinh do, muc tieu ciia cdng
tac da'u tranh dfl luan va ngoai giao cua
Viet Nam, trflde het la de duy tri sfl quan
tam, chfl y cua dfl luan khu vflc, dfl luan
qud'e te doi vdi va'n de Bien Ddng, duy tri
"va'n de Bien Ddng" tren cac dien dan qud'c
te'. Mue tieu cao hdn la tap hdp lUe lUdng,
tranh thu sfl ddng tinh, ung hd va giup dd
cua cac nfldc tren the' gidi doi vdi Viet Nam,

va ung hp keu gpi cac ben flng xfl phu hdp
vdi luat phap qud'c te d Bien Ddng. Muc tieu
cao nha't la cflng cac nfldc hdp tac, xay dung
cac chuan mflc, quy tac flng xfl mang tinh
rang budc phap ly, va cae cd che da phfldng
de theo doi, thflc day eae ben tuan thu, thflc
thi cac quy tac flng xfl dd.
Ddu tranh dl£ ludn vd tap hop iitc litOng
tren cdc dien ddn cua ASEAN
Thang 7-2009, Viet Nam de" nghi
ASEAN thao luan va'n dd" Trung Quo'c de
trinh "dfldng 9 doan" len LHQ tai cae cudc
hpp eiia ASEAN vdi Trung Qud'c nhfl ARF,
ASEAN4-1, ASEAN+3... mac du mdt sd
nfldc ASEAN cdn ngan ngai, ke ca nfldc chu
nha Thai lan. Tuy chiu sflc ep ra't ldn eiia
Trung Qud'c, ASEAN tie'p tuc duy tri dfldc
tieng noi chung phan anb trong tuyen bd
Chu tich ciia eac sfl kien ldn cua ASEAN,
nhfl Hdi nghi Ca'p cao, Didn dan ARF (7).
Nam 2010, tren cfldng vi Chu tich
ASEAN, Viet Nam da thuc day va'n de" Bien
Ddng trd lai thanh trpng tam chfldng trinh
nghi sfl eua ASEAN. Sau nhieu nam, eac
Ngoai trfldng ASEAN da trao ddi ra't thflc
cha't vd'n de Bien Ddng, nhie'u quan ngai da
dfldc cac nfldc thanh vien ASEAN bay td
thang than. Tai Didn dan ARF tai Ha Ndi,
lan dau tien 18/27 nfldc da len tie'ng ve va'n
de" Biln Ddng. Viet Nam cung da thuc day

ASEAN va Trung Qud'c tai khdi ddng trd lai
cudc hpp tham va'n gifla eac quan chflc eao


Rghien c i ^ Lich sit, sg S.8014
ca'p ASEAN - Trung Qude ve va'n de DOC
vao thang 4-2010. Nam 2010 cd the coi la
mdt bude ngoat va thanh cdng ldn cua Viet
Nam trong cdng cudc da'u tranh ve van de"
Bien Ddng trong ASEAN.
Nam 2011, Viet Nam tiep tuc duy tri da
da'u tranh trong ASEAN. Trflde viec Trung
Qudc eat cap tau Binh Minh 02 thang 52011, Viet Nam da phan ddi manh me tren
cae didn dan cua ASEAN, tie'p tuc thfle day
vai trd va tie'ng ndi cua ASEAN trong vd'n
de" Biln Ddng. Viet Nam da eung ASEAN
thuyet phue, van dpng dfldc Trung Qud'c
d6ng y thdng qua Quy tac hfldng ddn thflc
thi Tuyen bd' flng xii eiia cac ben d Bien
Ddng (DOC) tai cude hpp ASEAN - Trung
Qud'c thang 7-2011 (8), va gay sflc ep bupe
Trung Qud'e phai nha't tri se sdm khdi ddng
thad luan Bp quy tae flng xii Bien Ddng
(COC) (9), Cung trong nam 2011, ASEAN
bat dau thao luan b ca'p lam viec cac thanh
to'chinh cua COC.
Nam 2012, Viet Nam tie'p tuc thfle day
ASEAN CO tie'ng ndi chung va phan flng
phfl hpp trfldc cac vu viee mdi xay ra b Bien
Ddng, nha't

la
vu
Hoang
Nham
(Scarborough). Tai Hdi nghi Bp trfldng
Ngoai giao ASEAN tai Phnompenh
(AMM45), lan dau tien, cac Ngoai trudng
ASEAN da khdng ra dfldc tuyen bd' ehung
tai cupc hpp ngay 13-7-2012 do ba't dong
trong va'n de Bien Ddng. Tuy nhien, ehi 1
tuan sau, dudi sU chii ddng eiia Ngoai
trudng Indonesia Marty Notalegawa,
ASEAN da ra dfldc ban tuyen bd' 6 diem ve
quan diem chung ciia ASEAN trong va'n de
Bidn Ddng (10). Dudi su thue day tich euc
cua Viet Nam va mot so' nUdc ASEAN khac,
ASEAN da thdng qua dfldc Cae thanh td'cd
ban ciia Bd quy tac flng xii COC tai cudc
hpp cua cac Ngoai trfldng thang 7-2012.
Nam 2013, ASEAN dUdi nhiem ky Chii
tich ciia Brunei tie'p tuc dat dUdc mpt so'

bude tie'n bd mdi trong va'n de Bien Ddng.
Sau nam that bai tai tieng cua ASEAN do
khdng ra dfldc tuyen bd' ehung nam 2012,
ASEAN la'y lai dfldc doan ket nha't tri trong
van de Biln Ddng trong nam 2013. Tuyen
bd'ehung cua eac ngoai trfldng ASEAN nam
2013 dUde eoi la "thUc ch^t" va ed nhieu npi
dung mdi hdn cae nam trfldc dd. ASEAN

cung da thuyet phuc dfldc Trung Qud'c ch£p
nhan khdi ddng tien trinh "tham va'n" v^
Bd quy tkc flng xii COC sau nhieu nam bi
tri hoan. Cude hop tham va'n dau tien da
diln ra vao thang 9-2013 tai Hang Chau,
Trung Qud'e.
Nam 2014, trUdc vide Trung Qud'c thong
bao lap vflng nhan dien phdng khdng ADIZ
va Dieu chinh quy dinh vd" danh bat ca ciia
tinh Hai Nam cd anh hUcfng de'n tinh hinh
Biln Ddng, Viet Nam cung cac nit6c
ASEAN tie'p tuc duy tri doan ke't va co
tieng ndi chung bay td "quan ngai sau sSc"
va keu gpi ta't ca cae ben kidm ehe, tuan
thii luat phap qud'c te. T^i cude hpp Ngoai
trudng ASEAN khdng chinh thflc thang 22014 tai Bagan, Myanmar, ASEAN da ra
thong cao bao chi bay td lo ngai ve tinh
hinh Bien Ddng. Tai Hdi nghi ca'p cao
ASEAN
thang
5-2014
tai Yangon,
Myanmar, lan dSu tidn ASEAN da ra tuy§n
bd'cua ca 10 nflde ASEAN cung bay td quan
ngai sau sac ve" sfl kien Trung Qud'c ha dat
gian khoan Hai Dfldng 981 (Haiyang
Shiyou 981), sau dd Hdi nghi ca'p cao
ASEAN cflng cd tuyen bo' ehii tich bay to
quan ngai tfldng tfl.
Cd the ndi, eude da'u tranh tap hdp v&

tranh thu dfl luan khu vfle va quoc td' ciia
Viet Nam trong ASEAN tfl nam 2009-2014
da tao ra chuyen bien dang ke va thflc chat
trong ndi khdi ASEAN trong va'n dl Bien
Ddng, giup Cling cd' tieng ndi chung va cac
ed ehe' ciia ASEAN trong vd'n de Biln Ddng.
va giup md rdng tuyen truyen, da'u tranh ra


fflat trjm chinh hi. ngoai giao...
cac diln dan rdng ldn hdn trong dd cd
ASEAN la nong c6t.
Ngoai khudn khd ASEAN, Viet Nam
cung da cd cdc bien phdp nhdt dinh nhdm
tuyen truyen, tranh thu tap hop lite liiOng
tr§n ciic diin ddn khdc nhit ASEM, APEC,
diin ddn khong liSn ket. Lien hdp qudc.
Mdt "kenh" hdt sflc quan trpng dUde Viet
Nam ngay cang sii dung nhieu la "kenh 2":
ngogi giao hgc gid. K l tfl nam 2008, nhan
thflc dUdc xu the' tinh hinh Bien Ddng sap
cd nhieu chuyen bien phfle tap, Viet Nam
da chu ddng danh ddng dfl luan thdng qua
cac trao doi hpc thuat vdi cac hpc gia,
chuyen gia khu vile va the' gidi ve tinh hinh
Biln Ddng. Nhidu chuyd^n tham va'n, van
dong, trao ddi vdi hpe gia, quan chflc nUdc
ngoai da dfldc td ehflc nham nang cao nhan
thflc va hieu bid't quoc te' vd" t^m quan trpng
ciia van de Bien Ddng va nguy cd ma't dn

dinh tiem tang b vung biln nay. Hpi thao
qude te vd" Bien Ddng l i n din tien da dUde
Hpc vien Ngoai giao va Hdi Luat gia ddng
td chflc thang 11-2008 tai Ha Ndi va dUde
td chflc d^u d|in hang nkm sau dd da gdp
ph^n dang k l vao cdng tae tuyen truyen,
v4n ddng sfl ung hd cua dfl \ukn tie'n bp the'
gidi cho cdng tac bao ve luat phap qud'c te,
bao ve chu quyen va quyen chu quyen eua
Viet Nam b Bien Ddng.
Tang cUdng v a n d u n g l u a t p h a p
quoc t^ t r o n g da'u t r a n h va giai q u y e t
cac t r a n h c h a p v a y e u s a c h c h o n g lan
vdi cac nx^dc l a n g gi^ng
La nude nhd phai bao ve ldi ich trUdc eae
nfldc ldn hdn nhieu lan, Vipt Nam ludn
nhan thflc dflpe t^m quan trpng eua luat
phap qudc te. Trong bao v§ chu quydn va
quyen chii quye'n, quye"n tai phan b Bien
Ddng, vai trd cua luat phap qud'e td', nha't la
cdng fldc luat biln eang quan trpng.
Vi§t Nam la qudc gia tieh ci^c tham gia
qua trinh d&m phan, soan thao Cdng itdc

lugt biin tfl nam 1977. Vidt Nam cung la
mdt trong hai quoc gia dau tien, sau
Phihppines, phe e h u ^ Cdng Udc lugt biin
tfl nam 1994. Viet Nam da ban hanh cac
tuyen bo, cae van ban phap luat trong nfldc
ve bien nham dinh hUdng cac boat ddng

khai thac biln va da'u tranh bao vd chu
quye"n tren cd sd cac quy dinh cua Cdng tide
lugt bien.
Ngay 21-6-2012, Qudc hpi Vidt Nam
chinh thfle thdng qua Lugt bien. Ludt biSn
la bilu hien rd net nha't quyd't tam eiia Viet
Nam thfle hien ed trach nhiem cac cam kdt
qud'e te' ndi chung va Cdn^ Udc lugt bien ndi
rieng. Day la mdt qua trinh lap phap binh
thfldng nhflng ed ^ nghia to ldn nham dfla
Cong Udc lugt bien vao thflc tidn. Ndi dung
cua Lugt bien Viet Nam vd ed ban phfl hdp
vdi nhflng quy dinh trong Cong Udc ludt
bien, khang dinh cac vflng biln, dao thudc
ehu quyen, quye'n chu quydn va quyen t&i
phan qudc gia cua Viet Nam.
Viet Nam da tien hanh dam phan phan
dinh cae vung biln va the'm luc dia chong
la'n vdi cac qudc gia lang gie'ng trong khu
vflc Biln Ddng thdng qua dam phan hda
binh va tren cd sd ap dung cae quy dinh eua
Cdng Udc Lugt bien 1982. Ci^ thi, Vidt Nam
da hoan thanh phSn dinh ranh gidi them
luc dia va vung dae quyen kinh te vdi Thai
Lan (1997); hoan thanh phan dinh lanh
hai, dac quye"n kinh td' va them lue dia
trong Vinh Bae Bd vdi Trung Qud'c (2000);
hoan thanh phan dinh ranh gidi them lue
dia vdi Indonesia (2003) va dang tie'p tue
dam phan phan dinh khu vUe dac quyd'n

kinh td' vdi quo'c gia nay.
Ddng thdi, tuan thii thdi ban va cac thii
tue theo quy dinh cua Cong Udc lugt bien
1982, thang 5 nam 2009, Vidt Nam va
Malaysia da cflng dd trinh Bao cao chung
ve' Ranh gidi them luc dia vfldt qua 200 hai
ly tai khu vfle phia Nam Biln Ddng len Uy


50
ban Ranh gidi them luc dia. Nhflng thanh
tflu tren mdt mat chflng td Viet Nam la mdt
thanh vien cd traeh nhidm eua Cdng Udc,
mat khae ehflng td gia tri va y nghia eua
Cdng fldc trong viec tao lap trat tfl phap ly
tren biln vi hda binh dn dinh va phat trien
chung.
Vidt Nam eung tich cfle tham gia eae
hoat dpng trong khudn khd eac cd ehe' qudc
td' theo Cdng fldc nhfl dam nhiem vi tri Phd
Chu tich Dai hoi ddng Cd quan quyen lUc
quec te' ve" day dai dUdng, thanh vidn cua
Hdi ddng Cd quan quyen luc. Tai cac didn
dan lien quan, nha nudc Viet Nam ludn
khang dinh cac qud'c gia phai tuan thii
dung cac quy dinh trong Cdng Udc trong
hoat ddng s^ dung bien, thue hien dSy du
quyen va nghia vu theo Cdng ude, nha'n
manh chii trUdng giai quye't cae tranh eha'p
ba't ddng lien quan dd'n bidn dao bang bien

phap hda binh tren ed sd tdn trpng ddc lap
chii quyen toan ven lanh thd qud'c gia, tuan
thu phap luat qud'c te' va Cong Udc ludt
bien.
Tang cUdng h d p t a c v6i T r u n g Quo'c
va cac nfldc trong, ngoai k h u vUc t r e n
cac linh vUc a n ninh, a n toan h a n g hai va
xay dflng c h u a n mUc iing xuf t r e n bien
Ben canh cae hoat ddng dau tranh trflc
tie'p, thuc d^y qua t n n h hdp tae da phfldng
va song phfldng eung la mpt chie'n Ifldc
quan trpng de thu hep bat ddng, xay dflng
long tin, tao khudn kho kiem soat tinh hinh
tren thflc dia va tren cac dien dan, giup duy
tri va bao ve hda binh on dinh chung.
Hdp tac vdi Trung Qud'c luon la mdt flu
tien hang dau ciia Vidt Nam. Viet Nam va
Trung Qude da td chfle cac khudn khd hpp
tae qua cac cd ehe dam phan de hfldng tdi
cac boat dong hdp tac trdn bien. Trong cac
cd ehe nay eo the ke den eac cd ehe hieu qua
nhfl Uy ban chi dao hdp tac song phfldng.
Dam phan cap Chinh phu de giai quye't cae

Rghien cihi Lieh si!^. so 8.2Q14
va'n de" bien gidi lanh tho, Hdp tac trong
Vinh Bae Bp (trong dd cd cd che hdp tac v%
nghe' ca, d^u khi, t u i n tra chung cua hai
quan, canh sat biln, kilm tra lien hidp
nghe ea Viet - Trung va diln tap ve tim

kiem cflu nan...). Mdt sd' ed chd' khac ddng
vai trd quan trpng trong viee gifl lien lac,
xay dflng ldng tin gifla hai bdn nhfl Dam
phan ve phan dinh e^a Vinh (de'n nay da
tie'n hanh dfldc 3 vdng), Nhdm cdng tac ve
hdp tac trong cac linh vflc it nhay cam (da
nhdm hpp dfldc 5 vdng) va thanh lap nhom
tham va'n hpp tae cung phat triln tren
biln. Ngoai ra, Viet Nam duy tri cac kenh
lien lac qua viee tid'n hanh cac chuyd'n tham
cua lanh dao ca'p eao, thid't lap dfldng day
ndng, td ehflc ddi thoai chien Ifldc qu6c
phdng Viet-Trung, hdi dam gifla hai Bo
trfldng ngoai giao. Thanh tflu ldn nh^t
trong hdp tae vdi Trung Qud'e la viec thang
10-2011 hai ben da ky ke't Nguyen tac giai
quyet cae va'n de tren bien. Tuy nhien, vdi
vide Trung Quo'c ha dat gian khoan HD 981
cho tha'y Trung Qud'c da khong thflc sfl ton
trpng nguyen tac nay.
Khdng ehi thue day hdp tac song phUdng
vdi Trung Qud'c, Viet Nam cdn md rpng hop
tac vdi cac qud'e gia khae tren thd' gidi nhim
thue thi quydn chu quyd"n, quyen tai phan
cua Viet Nam, bao dam an ninh an to^n
hang hai, va d l nang cao nang lUc thflc thi
phap luat ciia Viet Nam phu hdp v6i luat
phap qud'c td'. Theo do, chung ta ngay cang
tang cfldng hdp tac quo'c te' trong cae boat
ddng cflu hd, eflu nan, didn tap tren bien,

bao dam an ninh, an toan hang hai... vdi
cac nfldc ASEAN va eac nfldc khac.
T h a y lcfi k e t
"Van de Biln Dong" tfl nam 2009 den
nay da ed sU thay ddi can ban vd chfft.
Tranh cha'p quye'n chu quye"n va quyen tii
phan vdi cac vung bien ngay cang noi tr6i.
Duy tri hda binh, dn dinh, tU do di lai tr§n


fflat fran chinh hi. ngoai giao..
biln va tren vung trdi, an ninh bien b Bien
Ddng ngay cang dUde nhi^u nUde trong va
ngoai khu vfle coi la ldi ich quan trpng cua
chinh minh. Trong boi canh dd, mat tran
ngoai giao bao ve chu quyen biln dao cua
To qud'e ngay eang phat triln tren ta't ca
cac binh dien: ngoai giao chinh tri, ngoai
giao qudc phdng, an ninh..., ngoai giao nha
nfldc, ngoai giao hoe gia, ngoai giao nhan
dan, ngo^i giao song phfldng va ngoai giao
da phfldng. Cd the ndi, mat tran ngoai giao
thdi gian qua da tao cho Viet Nam mdt vi
thd qudc te' mdi trong cupc da'u tranh bao vd
chii quydn bien dao eua To quoc.
Tuy nhidn, nhflng dieu chinh chinh sach
Biln Ddng eua Trung Qud'c, dac bidt la vu
h? dat gian khoan Hai Dfldng 981 trdng
vflng dae quye'n kinh te va thd"m lue dia eiia
Viet Nam, da dfla va'n d l Biln Ddng sang

met cue dien mdi, trong do Trung Qud'c
ngay eang quyet doan, ep eac nfldc cha'p
nhan khai thac chung theo eae dieu kien
ciia Trung Qud'c hoae tham ehi ddn phfldng
khai thac trong mdt sd khu vUc chdng la'n
gifla yeu sach dudng 9 doan cua Trung
Qud'c va vflng dac quye'n 200 hai ly cua cac
nude theo UNCLOS. Tinh hinh Bien Dong

se dien bien vd eung phfle tap. Vdi Viet
Nam, vide xii l^ va'n de Biln Ddng se gan
chat che hdn vdi chien lUdc phat trien kinh
te xa hdi, vdi tdng the cac quan he ddi
ngoai. Vdi ASEAN, Bien Ddng se cang la
"thud'e t h i " mflc dp doan ket va quyet tam
xay dflng Cdng ddng, nhai la Cdng ddng
ehinh tri, an ninh. Vdi cae nfldc ngoai khu
vflc, Bien Ddng trd thanh khu vfle eanh
tranh anh hudng gifla cac nUdc, nha't la cae
nude ldn, trd thanh "thudc thtf' mflc dp hieu
qua cua cac no lUe xay dflng mdt kie'n true
khu vfle mdi dua tren luat phap qudc te' va
sU can bang ldi ich phfl hdp gifla tat ca cac
bdn lien quan.
Cue dien mdi tren Bien Ddng tao nen
nhie'u thach thflc va ed hpi cho mat tran ddi
ngoai ciia Viet Nam trong cude da'u tranh
bao ve ehu quyen bien dao. Thflc hien nha't
quan dfldng Idi doi ngoai, xii ly cac va'n de
nay sinh trong va'n de Biln Dong theo dung

phfldng cham "di ba't bien, flng van bien",
mat tran ddi ngoai ein phai dflpe chu trpng
nhie'u hdn va phai nd lflc nhieu hdn de hoan
thanh sfl menh di dau trong bao ve chii
quydn bien dao, tao dflng va duy tri mdi
trfldng hda binh eho phat triln ciia dat nflde.

CHU THICH
(l).,org/Depts/los/clcs_new/submi
88ions_files/mysvnm33_09/chn_2009re_mys_vntn_
e.pdf
(2),http ://w WW, un.org/depts/los/clcs_ne w/submi
ssions_files/vnm37_09/vnm_re_chn_2009re_vnm, pdf
(3) />8101105194331
{4). />n8l2ll26153113/view
(5). />(6).http://www mofa.gov.vn/vi/tt_baochi/pbnfn/n

S130125024145
(7). Doan ve Bien Dong trong Tuyen bo Chu
tich
ARF,
tham
khao
tai
/>(8).http ://www. asean.org/asean/externalrelations/china/item/asean-china-dialogueretations
(9). />A-Code-of-Conduct-for-the-South-China-Sea30171581.html
(10).http,//www,mfa.govsg/content/mfa/media_
centre/press_room/pr/2012/201207/press_20120720
.html