GIA
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






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
Ngày soạn : 10/09/2009 Tuần: 02
Ngày dạy : 16/09/2009 Tiết PP: 04
Bài 2 : AXIT – BAZƠ - MUỐI
I. MỤC TIÊU
1. Kiến thức:






 !" #$"%&'!()*+,'-./&-0
)12 !3-42" #$3-420
2. Kỹ năng:
5678(9-./ !" #$2: &-%;<=>%)12 !" #$"
%&'!()*+0
5/<)$&?%>(2: @A

BA


 !" #$"%&'!()*+C
D

@-A

0
3. Thái độ:
 E%)12;-/F' G2%HC377 !" #$"@-I0
II. PHƯƠNG PHÁP
Trực quan – đàm thoại – nêu vâ
́
n đê
̀
0.
III. CHUẨN BỊ
Dụng cụI>@"J%*
Hoá chất77 "K(

"("
L
"M-N+@0
IV. THIẾT KẾ CÁC HOẠT ĐỘNG
1. Ô
̉
n đi
̣
nh lơ
́
p
O

2. Kiểm tra ba
̀
i cu
̃
:
PQ/R'(R24%>(@ST24%U(./-T2'C+78@'

T
 3. Bài mới:
HOẠT ĐỘNG CỦA THẦY HOẠT ĐỘNG CỦA TRÒ NỘI DUNG
Hoạt động 15R'R
UV  !T #$T
WX CR'F/Y2%ZG20
Hoạt động 2Q-./&-
!2E<[(R24%>(
FAT
5/<)$&?%>(
2:  2J2  !  B -  ("

L
"
L
\
]
"


]
0
Q+242-2:  !"

 #$  (R7'' R'  M-./
%UT
B^2(S2J2FJ>@
C3 !" #$0
  !"   #$  (R  2J2  24
%>(0
B([C/<)$
&?  %>  (  2:  2J2  !
%E0
→&H& 6!_0
  W'  2J2  '  
` 
CR  

M-./%U0

I. Axit, bazơ theo thuyết
Arêniut :
1. Định nghĩa
*AxitaR24F &'
)b2<=(& 2 '
`
Ví dụ
(→
`
`(


L
→

`
`
L


* Bazơ  aR  24  F   
&'  )b2  <=  (  &  '


0
Ví dụ
c→c
`

`


 de

→
`
`

GIA











→ Qf<)$&?%>(
gC  )b  7h  B  &H  &
%U  V  @b  C3  !"
 #$0
Hoạt động 3
'BJ<)$&?%>
(2: (CR


]
T
→c/(-6C3 !@i42
CR !3-420
Thông báo2J2 !<=
((j()1,'f420
gC)b7h



]
→
`
`
]



]


ˆ ˆ†
‡ ˆˆ

`
`
]

Lưu ýk2E42Y4
(R%>('R'R0
 de

<=(42&
'

→ #$420
Hoạt động 4
Gv làm thí nghiệm
lff77 CR'77
K(

 %/  F  F/  :
FA!-4>@m 0
 F/: (R@<j
P\n2'@CRG !
P\nn2'@F3@CR'0
Kết luậnKde


Cf J2
78%)12Cb !"Cf J2
78  %)12  Cb   #$ →
%&A!()*+0
BC/<)$&?%>
(CR=!_0
a4.@@iBIC+78C3
!3-420
BC/<)$&?<=
(f422: 


]
 CR

L
\
]

QfFJ>@ !42
CR !3-42&H& FJ
>@C3 #$42CR #$
3-420
5/<)1&?<=(
f  42  2:     CR
 de

0
BM- BJ>)1CR
[+20

Hiện tượng  F/  :  2[  
I%3- & 0
  WX  CR'  BX  )b  7h
2:  gC  C/ <)$  &?
<=  (  2:  Kde

 CR
(de
L
 ,'F;- !CR
2. Axit nhiều nấc, bazơ
nhiều nấc:
a. Axit nhiều nấc
J2 !2k<=(& @i
'
`
G(R !@i420
5+78("
L
"
L

J2 !@R@i<=m
<=(3-42& '
`

G(R !3-420
Ví dụ
L
\

]
"


L
o
J2 !3-42<=(
(j()1,'f420
b. Bazơ nhiều nấc
J2 #$@R@p<=m
2k<=(@i42& '


G(R #$420
Ví dụ "co
J2 #$@R@p<=m
<=(3-42& '

'

(R #$3-420
Ví dụ
 de

→ de
`
`

 de
`

→
`
`

II. Hiđrôxit lưỡng tính
aR24F &')b2
Cf 2E;<=() !
Cf 2E;<=() #$
Ví dụ
Kde


ˆ ˆ†
‡ ˆ ˆ
K
`
`

Kde


ˆ ˆ†
‡ ˆˆ
K


`
`
iBI%&A!()*+
)qr<

(de
L
"Kde

"\de

"
&de
L
"de

o0
GIA










  5/  2J2  %&A!  7)b
7S2AY2 !
Kde

→

K


\de

→

\

(de
L
→(

0

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Hoạt động 2
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2. Sự điện li của muối
trong nước :
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3. Củng cốR6<LtBFt

4. Dặn dò:
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V. RU
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T KINH NGHIÊ
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M SAU TIÊ
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T DA
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