Lecture Essay writing & presentation skills - Lecture 4: The writing process
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Lecture 4
The Writing
Process
Recap
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Writing Styles
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Formal writing
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Informal Writing
Writing Efficiently
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Conciseness
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Coordination and Subordination
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Parallelism
Writing Exercise (Pre-Assignment)
During our review of the writing
process…
Make sure to keep your work
organized in your writing
folder.
Topic Highlights
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The three Writing Stages
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Pre-writing
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Writing
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Re-writing
Exercise
Three Stages of the Writing
Process
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Pre-writing
- Planning
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Writing
-
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Re-writing
- Finishing
Drafting, Editing, Revising
Prewriting
Unearthing Ideas
There is no need to think about order or correctness.
The objective is to produce as many ideas as possible.
Prewriting
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The first stage of the writing process is a time of
discovery – you unearth ideas.
Prewriting can condense swirling mists of
thoughts into words on paper.
You uncover raw material to shape and polish
later.
There is no need to think about order or
correctness.
Prewriting
Invention Techniques
Research work
Free writing
Questioning
Clustering
Brainstorming
Keeping a Journal
List Making & Scratch Outlining
Free writing
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Free writing is uncensored writing, often in
sentence form.
Free writing enables anyone to start
writing immediately.
To write free , just empty whatever bits and
pieces of ideas are in your mind out onto
the paper.
Brainstorming
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Brainstorming captures ideas as they flit by,
either as words, phrases, or fragments.
You can use this technique in a group or alone.
The secret of success in brainstorming is to think
fast.
In brainstorming, all ideas are respected and
recorded, no matter how wild.
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List Making &
Scratch Outlining on
List making canComputer
be an advantage when you
know so much about a topic you feel
overwhelmed.
Lists often have no apparent order. When you
start placing ideas in order, you are beginning a
scratch outline.
This primitive outline is simply a revised list that
herds ideas into a tentative order.
Questioning
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To use questioning at its best, try projecting
yourself into the role of a reporter.
What questions could you ask to elicit
information from other people?
The traditional “five W’s and H” (who? What?
When? Where? Why? How?) can be expanded
to full-fledged questions:
H
o
w
d
i
d
i
t
h
a
p
p
e
n
?
Full-Fledged Questions
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Who was involved?
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What happened?
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When did it happen?
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Where did it happen?
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Why did it happen?
Keeping a Journal
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Some instructors require that students keep a
journal to store reactions to essays, fiction, and
poetry or other ideas for writing.
Journals are also useful for recording
observations, impressions, and incidents when
you conduct firsthand research.
PREWRITING
Writing
Drafting…
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Are my thoughts organized?
Do I stick with the same idea throughout
my writing?
Do I know what order I want to say things
in?
Writing
Drafting…
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Did I skip lines?
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This will allow room for yourself and
others to make corrections.
Writing
Drafting…
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Did I label everything?
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Headings
All page numbers etc.
WRITING
Editing…
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Have I used complete sentences?
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All of my thoughts are complete.
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There are no run-ons.
WRITING
Editing…
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Are my language conventions correct?
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Spelling
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Punctuation
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Grammar
WRITING
Editing…
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Have I had at least two people edit my
paper?
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Choose two people in the classroom, that are
on the editing stage. If no one is, you may
choose to look over your work again. You
may also write in your journal if you cannot
find someone to edit your work.
WRITING
Editing…
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Editing others work…
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Make sure to check for the same items you
did when editing your own work.
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Check for complete sentences, check the
language conventions, and use editing
marks for corrections
WRITING
Editing…
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Insert
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Indent/shuffle
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Check spelling
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Delete
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Capitalize
WRITING
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Your writing has come a long way. After
fixing the error you may either choose
to type your writing or hand write it on
paper.
RE-WRITING
Typing your work…
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Sign up for a time to get on the computer.
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Be sure to reread your work. Spell check is
not always reliable.
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Look in your writing folder for requirements
when typing your work.
RE-WRITING
Handwriting your
work…
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If you are given a certain type of paper to
write on, make sure you have it.
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There should be no errors in your work.
Erase all mistakes so that you cannot see
them.
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Use your best handwriting.
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Be sure to reread your work before turning
