R4 -Test 01
of

end

make

then

share

numbers

every

frightening

mistake

mix

with

amounts

cause

afterwards

all

CARTOON FILMS
Cartoon films have very little limits. If you can draw something, you can (1) make it move on the cinema
screen. The use (2) of new ideas and advanced computer programs means that cartoons are becoming
exciting again for people of (3) all ages.
By the (4) end of the 1970s, the cinema world had decided that cartoons were only for children. But soon (5)
afterwards one or two directors had some original new ideas. They proved that it was possible to make films
in which both adults and children could (6) share the fun.
However, not (7) every cartoon film was successful. The Black Cauldron, for example, failed, mainly
because it was too (8) frightening for children and too childish for adults. Directors learnt from this (9)
mistake and the film companies began to make large (10) amounts of money again.

R4 -Test 02
find

stop

some

increasing

never

enter

of

attend

would


Any

all

go

end

in

suggest

NEW OPPORTUNITIES WITH AN OPEN UNIVERSITY DEGREE

Like any other university, the Open University can give you a degree. However, you don’t have to (1) stop
working to study. It can also open up a whole variety (2) of interests.
If you have (3) never studied before, you will enjoy the special, new pleasure of (4) increasing your
knowledge. You will make friends of (5) all kinds.
You may also (6) find that your qualification provides new career opportunities.
You don’t actually (7) go to the Open University for lectures, but study at home, using television, radio and
computer software. You can (8) attend one class a month if you wish at an Open University centre. Of
course, there are exams to take, as in (9) any university.
If you (10) would like to know more, all you have to do is complete the form below. It could be the start of a
wonderful new period in your life.


R4 -Test 03
given

remembered


by

next

some

searching

the

returned

of

had

customers

which

tour

reminded

trip

LITTLE CAT, LITTER CAT, WHERE HAVE YOU BEEN?
When Bo the cat decided to explore a furniture van, she had a bigger adventure than she expected. She was
discovered (1) by the driver, after he had completed a (2) trip of over 500 kilometres. It was (3) the end of a

long day. The driver and the cat were both hungry! He gave her some milk and started making enquiries. He
telephoned his last (4) customers, but they had not lost a cat. It was getting late, so he took Bo home for the
night and (5) next morning delivered her to an animal hospital.
The cat’s owner (6) had done some detective work too. After (7) searching everywhere for the cat, he
suddenly remembered the furniture van (8) which had made a delivery to a neighbour. Fortunately, he (9)
remembered the name of the company. He called their office and in a short time Bo was (10) returned
safely.

R4 -Test 04

else

couple

piece

ago

it

or

had

people

so

today


before

jobs

other

and

few

MONEY
What is money? The pound, the dollar or the euro are actually just like a gram or a kilometre. The difference
is that you can exchange money for something (1) else .A ten pound note may buy a book, a huge bag of
sweets, or a (2) couple of cinema tickets. But the note itself is only a printed (3) piece of paper which costs
almost nothing to make. Thousands of years (4) ago, people didn’t have money as we know (5) it.There
were no banks (6) or .even shops. In those days, Mr Green the farmer exchanged the corn he (7) had grown
for Mr Hive’s honey.
This was an exchange arranged between two (8) people .each of whom had something that the other wanted.
But in time, most societies invented their own 'currencies’ (9) so that people could exchange more. The
different currencies began to join together, which is why (10) today everyone uses the same currency in their
country.


R4 -Test 05
spent

time

took


Reach

was

with

made

equal

arrive

expected

had

which

any

A

allowed

PONY EXPRESS
Before 1860 there was no quick way of getting mail between the east and the west of the United States.
There were no railways at that (1) time and most mail was sent by coach. It usually (2) took at least 25 days
for coaches to (3) reach the coast. So in I860 it (4) was decided to send mail by ‘Pony Express’, which was
much faster. Riders (5) with very fast horses were placed along the route.
They were at (6) equal distances from each other and the mail was handed from one rider to the next. Riders

were all (7) expected to travel between twenty and thirty kilometres (8) a day on very bad roads. At each
stop two minutes were (9) allowed for exchanging the mail bags, but riders were often held up by awful
weather (10) which closed the roads. With the invention of the telegraph in 1861, the demand for Pony
Express disappeared.

R4 -Test 06
directions
like

Take

remain
leave

which
wild

alone popular
equipment
natural

make distances
lonely

as

CAMPING
Although some groups of people have always lived outdoors in tents, camping as we know it today only
began to be (1)…………popular………….about 50 years ago. The increase in the use of cars and
improvements in camping (2)……equipment………………have allowed more people to travel longer (3)

…………distances…………into the countryside and to stay there in greater comfort.
Many campers like to be (4)………directions……………themselves in quiet areas, so they (5)…………
take………… their tent and food and walk or cycle into the forests or the mountains. Others, preferring to
be near people, drive to a public or privately-owned campsite (6)………which……………has up-to-date
facilities, (7)………like……………hot showers and swimming pools.
Whether campers are (8)……alone………………in the mountains or on a busy site, they should remember
to (9)…………leave…………the area clean and tidy. In the forests, they must put out any fires and keep
food hidden to avoid attracting (10)………wild……………animals.


R4 -Test 07
does

distances

from

called
a
explained

taking
made
becoming
used
what
directions

stores


which
between

THE ESCALATOR
An American, Charles D. Seeberger, invented moving stairs to transport people in
the 1890s. He (1)
……called……………….this invention an ‘escalator’, (2)………taking…………the name from the Latin
word ‘scala’, (3)……………which……….means ‘ladder’. Escalators move people up and down short (4)
………distances…………….Lifts do the same, but only move (5)……a……………small number of
people. If an escalator breaks down, it can still be (6)………used…………….as ordinary stairs. An
escalator can move (7)………between……………. 8,000 and 9,600 people an hour, and it (8)…………
does………….not need a person to operate it.
Towards the end of the nineteenth century, cities were (9)…………becoming………….more crowded and
the first escalators were built at railway stations and in big department (10)…………stores…………., so
that people could move about more quickly. Today we see escalators everywhere.

R4 -Test 08
Grateful

told

talked

at

these

spoke

great


although

made

reach

Because

For

get

dial

done

WILLIAM THE HERO!
Brave William Baldock, who is six years old, is a hero after helping his mother
when she fell downstairs. William quickly rang (1) for an ambulance when he discovered his mother had
broken her leg. In spite of being frightened, he (2) told the emergency services what had happened and
answered all the questions they asked him. He also telephoned his father (3) at work, and then his
grandmother, to explain what he had (4) done. While waiting for (5) these people to come, William looked
after his 18-month-old sister.
When ambulance man Steve Lyn went to the house, he was amazed: 'It's (6) great that a young boy of six
knew the right number to (7) dial and was able to give us the correct information. (8) because of William's
quick thinking, we were able to (9) get there immediately.'
Mrs Baldock left hospital yesterday, very (10) grateful to both William and the ambulance service.



R4 -Test 09
much

considered

Been

Fewer

recent

explain

Kept

Their

Will

present

way

would

which

Many

his


THE HISTORY OF FILM
The world's first film was shown in 1895 by two French brothers, Louis and
Auguste Lumière. Although it only (1) considered of short, simple scenes, people loved it and films have (2)
been popular ever since. The first films were silent, with titles on the screen to (3) explain the story.
Soon the public had (4) their favourite actors and actresses and, in this (5) way the first film stars appeared.
In 1927, the first 'talkie', a film with sound, was shown and from then on, the public (6) would only accept
this kind of film.
Further improvements continued, particularly in America, (7) which produced 95% of all films. With the
arrival of television in the 1950s, (8) fewer people went to see films, but in (9) recent years cinema
audiences have grown again. More countries have started to produce films that influence film-making and
there are currently (10) many.

R4 -Test 10

fast

Found

available

only

broken

repeats

environment

depend


Special

recovers

damaged

where

below

why

soon

GRASS
Grass is probably the most successful living plant in the world. There are over 9,000 different types of
grasses and they are (1) found in every region on the earth. They are the (2) only flowering plants that can
exist in the freezing (3) environment of the Arctic and the Antarctic.
Grasslands support a wide range of animal life, from tiny insects and birds to huge animals like cows and
lions. All of them (4) depend on grass in one way or another.
Grass (5) recovers very quickly after it is cut or (6) damaged. Unlike other plants, the new leaves grow from
(7) below the soil, not from the top of the plant. That is (8) why large families of animals are able to live
together in one area. As (9) soon as they have eaten all the grass there, a fresh meal is always (10) available
because the plants start to grow again.


R4 -Test 11

Consist


All

far

seasons

fact

Contain

times

rare

varieties

on

Long

Value

every

case

can

HONEY

Honey is a sweet liquid made by bees. It(1) consists of water and sugars.
Bees may travel as (2) far as seventy-five thousand kilometres and visit over two million flowers to produce
just half a kilo of honey. The colour and flavour of honey depend (3) on the type of flower visited. In (4)
fact, there are more than three hundred (5) varieties of honey.
The lighter-coloured ones are generally milder in flavour than darksr honey.
In ancient (6) times, honey was the main sweet food, as sugar was very (7) rare Honey was of great (8)
value to the ancient Egyptians, who used it as payment.
Today, honey is produced and eaten in (9) every part of the world. Research suggests that it prevents
tiredness and improves athletic performance. However, honey is not just food - it (10) can be taken for sore
throats and is used in many skin and hair-care products.

R4 -Test 12
Traditional

which

made

other

that

Quantities

Before

depending

ago


turnning

could

Weather

although

allowed

can

THE HISTORY OF SHOES
In the past, importance was not given to shoes being comfortable or fashionable.
These early foot coverings were probably animal skins, (1) which people tied round their ankles during cold
(2) weather. We still use leather today, but (3) other materials such as silk, plastic, or cotton are also popular,
(4) depending on what is in fashion.
It was only one hundred and fifty years (5) ago that people began to wear a different shoe on each foot.
Formerly, the two shoes had been straight instead of shaped and (6) could be worn on the left or the
right foot. All shoes used to be made by hand, but now, (7) although there are shoemakers still using
their (8) traditional skills, most shoes are now machine-made in large factories. The introduction of
sewing machines (9) allowed the shoe industry to peoduce lagre …… of cheaper shoes for a wider
range of buyers.


R4 -Test 13
part

take


Because

rather

more

came

whose

Although

Arrived

made

hoping

called

known

Area

attracted

SAN FRANCISCO
San Francisco lies on the coast of northern California. The earliest Europeans to discover the (1) area were
led by a Spanish explorer (2) whose name was Gaspar de Portola.
He first saw it in 1769. Surprisingly, (3) although San Francisco Bay is a wonderful natural harbour, it was

discovered by land (4) rather than by sea.
In 1849, people (5) arrived in San Francisco in their thousands (6) hoping to find gold. However, it was not
the men looking for the gold that got rich. The richest people (7) made their money from owning banks and
law firms and they built themselves large houses on one of the hills. This was (8) known as Nob Hill.
Nowadays, tourists are (9) attracted to San Francisco because there they can see famous places like
Chinatown and the Golden Gate Bridge. Many even (10) take the short boat trip to the island of Alcatraz to
see the former prison.
stry to produce large (10) quantities of cheaper shoes for a wider range of buyers

R4 -Test 14
part

take

Because

rather

more

came

whose

Although

Arrived

made


hoping

called

known

Area

attracted

TOM CRUISE
Tom Cruise is one of the most successful actors in cinema history. However, life hasn't always been that
easy for him. As a young boy, Tom was shy and had (1) difficulty in finding friends, although he really
enjoyed (2) taking part in school plays. (3) After he had finished High School, Tom went to New York to
look for work. He found employment as a porter, and at the same time he (4) attended drama classes. In
1980, the film director Franco Zeffirelli (5) offered Tom his first part in a film. Ten years later, he had
become (6) so successful that he was one of the highest-paid actors in Hollywood, (7) earning millions of
dollars for (8) each film. Today, Tom (9) still appears in films and is as (10) popular as ever with his
thousands of fans from all around the world.


R4 -Test 15
Provide

Over

were

decided


happens

Bring

expect

everybody

more

managed

learn

These

without

what

believe

ZOOS
People began to keep animals in zoos (1) over 3,000 years ago, when the rulers of China opened an
enormous zoo called the Gardens of Intelligence. In many of the early zoos, animals (2) were taught to
perform for the visitors.
This no longer (3) happens and it is accepted that the purpose of zoos is for people to see animals behaving
naturally.
Today, most cities have a zoo or wildlife park. However, not (4) everybody approves of zoos. People who
think that zoos are a good idea say they (5) provide us with the opportunity to (6) learn about the natural

world and be close to wild animals. Both of (7) these would not be possible (8) without zoos. On the other
hand, some people disapprove of zoos because they (9) believe it is wrong to put animals in cages, and argue
that in zoos which are not (10) managed properly, animals live in dirty conditions and eat unsuitable food.

R4 -Test 16
Recommended

Still

also

of

very

Even

By

because

provided

them

supported

suitable

another


each

takes

SWEDEN’S ICE HOTEL
The village of Jukkasjarvi is in Swedish Lapland, and winter temperatures there can reach -40° C. But 6,000
holidaymakers (1) still go there annually, to visit what is probably Europe’s most unusual accommodation.
In this hotel you eat, drink, and sleep in rooms made (2) of ice. If you want, you can (3) even get married in
one. The bar is ice too, and putting hot drinks on it is obviously not (4) recommended! The bedrooms are
around -4° C, but fortunately guests are (5) provided with special sleeping bags that will keep (6) them warm
in the coldest of temperatures.
(7) Suitable outdoor clothes can be supplied too, if needed. The hotel is never more than six months old (8)
because it melts in summer, and (9) each winter it is rebuilt. Creating the hotel (10) takes 10,000 tonnes of
ice, plus 30,000 tonnes of snow.


R4 -Test 17

can

had

using

Was

that

earned


meant

Planned

Started

ordinary

which

a

worth

keeping

remaining

HENRY FORD
Henry Ford was born on a farm in Michigan in 1863 but he did not like farming. When he was fifteen he
began work as a mechanic and in 1893 he built his first car. After he (1) had driven it 1,500 kilometres, he
sold it and built two bigger cars. Then, in 1903, he (2) started the Ford Motor Company. By (3) using strong
but light steel, he built cheap cars for (4) ordinary people to buy. In 1908, he built the first Ford Model'T',
(5) which sold for $825. He was soon selling 100 cars (6) a day. By 1927, the Ford Motor Company was (7)
worth $700 million. Early Ford cars were simple and cheap, but (8) keeping things simple sometimes (9)
meant less choice. ‘You (10) can have any colour you like,’ said Henry Ford of the Model T, ‘as long as it's
black’.

R4- Test 18

told

called

Added

Both

tasted

seemed

instead

into

can

delivered

might

directed

Either

Supplies

which


Chocolate
When the Spanish explorer Cortex reached Mexico in the sixteenth century, he found the people there using
a drink they (1) called chocolate. It (2) tasted quite strong because it had pepper in it. To make it taste better,
the Spanish (3) added sugar to it. When chocolate first came to Europe in the seventeenth century, people
started to drink it with milk, (4) instead of water. Nowadays, tons of chocolate and cocoa are (5) delivered to
factories, where they are turned (6) into many popular sweets and cakes.
(7) Both chocolated and cocoa come from the fruit of the cacao tree. Cacao trees (8) can only be grown in
hot countries, as they need a warm climate. Cacao isn’t an American plant, (9) which still grows wild in the
northern part of South America. Countries in Central and South America were the first to grow it, but today
Africa (10) supplies the world with the most chocolate.


R4- Test 19
Let

happened

phone

other than

and

ring

lots of

allows

on


up

hard

than

hardly

makes

of

KEEP IN TOUCH
The world (1) of mobile communications is changing fast. Three years ago, (2) hardly anyone in the UK
sent messages using a mobile phone. Now, we send more (3) than 20 million every day. Not even the
Internet revolution (4) happened this quickly. WAP technology (5) allows you to access the Internet from
your mobile, and it’s the fastest (6) and most convenient way to get online. You can look up TV schedules,
buy CDs, find out what’s (7) on at the cinema or check your emails where and when you like. You can have
(8) lots of fun with a mobile phone, too. You can also set individual (9) ring tones for different callers, do
your phone could play a special song when your best friend calls. With a WAP phone, you can link (10) up
with other WAP phones and play games such as ‘hangman’. WAP phones are not expensive and it is
predicted that they will get better and cheaper very quickly. Now that’s progress

R4- Test 20
Available

Adult

globalisation


century

with

By

For

In

behind

use

Tapes

Skills

Young

learn

important

Now is the time to prepare your child (1) for the future. We have entered the 21st century “The information
revolution” and English is the language of (2) globalization. Career and life opportunities are much more (3)
available for those who can use English with confidence. Those who cannot speak English in the future will
be left (4) behind.
Our expert native English-speaking teachers provide an individually focused and highly interactive (5)

important environment. Communications activities – songs, stories and games – help your children (6)
learn easily and quickly. Studies show that the best time to learn another language is when you are (7)
young. This course is designed for young learners to learn and (8) use English accurately and fluently, while
building confidence in speaking. And it makes learning English enjoyable with step (9) by step process in all
four skills areas – Listening, Speaking, Reading and Writing. New and modern “interactive” course book,
listening (10) tapes and computer video lessons. This course is further enhanced with special teacher
selected supplementary materials and handouts designed expressly for children.


R4- Test 21
existed

forests

it

Was

from

them

discovered

over

Used

than


decided

also

as

Were

more

In 1642 Abel Tasman (1) discovered an island off the south coast of Australia. He was the first European
there and he called (2) it. Van Diemen’s Land. It was a hilly island covered in dense forest of pine, beech and
eucalyptus. Most of the weird marsupials of the Australia mainland (3) were present in Tasmania, including
kangaroos, wallabies and duck-billed platypuses. There were also creatures found nowhere else, such (4) as
the Tasmania Devil, which looked like a long-haired bear, and The Tasmania Tiger, which looked like a great
striped dog. But most important of this story, there were also a completely unique race of human beings.
They were culturally and ethnically different (5) from the Aborigines of the Australian mainland. They lived
in isolated camps in the (6) home of their remote island, and lived off the wildlife. Nobody knows how many
of the original Tasmanians (7) video when Abel Tasman discovered the island – may be a few thousand.
For more (8) than a century the Europeans weren’t interested in the island. But in 1803 the British claimed
the island and (9) restaurants to use it as a prison and send convicts there. By 1802 there were European
settlements at both ends of the island, and by 1840 there were (10) people free settlers than convicts.

R4 - Test 22
part

American

so much


Gold

Called

very

offers

At

Also

To

until

famous

thousands of

to watch

thousand

Until 1848 California was a (1) part of Mexico, when it was sold to the USA. That is why there is (2) so
much Spanish spoken there today. In 1848 and 1849 (3) gold was discovered there. (4) Thousands of people
went west to California to try to find some. Today it is still (5) called the “golden state”. In 1850 California
became the 31st American state.
The tourist industry is (6) very important here. The area in and around Los Angeles (7) offers lots of people
who have free time on their hands. Beach lovers are (8) at home there they can go swimming, surfing,

sailing and windsurfing. Fishing and rock climbing are (9) also popular.
Believe it or not, you can also go skiing near LA, from December to April.
But if you prefer (10) to watch other people do the work, then go to one of the big baseball games (from
April to October) or watch the L.A Lakers, the famous baseball team.


R4 - Test 23

Be

Other

want

because

attract

Have

Who

with

but

had

To


For

past

able

suitable

ART FACTORIES
Several years ago an old factory on the edge of Paris was turned into an exhibitioncentre. This helped many
artists (1) who had found it too expensive to work in the centre of Paris, and so for the (2) past few years
painters, musicians, actors and other people (3) have had space to work and perform. The people behind the
idea now (4) want to change the use of other old buildings (5) for the same reasons. Sometimes the use of
the buildings can only (6) be for a short period of time, a year for example, (7) but the opportunity is always
worth it for the young artists. On one occasion a businessman lent an old building (8) to the organisers for
two years, and in that time the artists were (9) able to put on concerts, art exhibitions and fashion shows to
(10) attract the local people.

R4- Test 24
But

An

fact

than

while

Influence


For

so

done

effort

Talks

As

break

spent

says

YOUTH AT THE WHEEL
One in six drivers in Britain is aged between 17 and 25. But more drivers in this agegroup are responsible
(1) for a greater number of accidents than older drivers; in
(2) fact one accident in four is the fault of a young, inexperienced driver.
A team of researchers has (3) spent two years studying the driving performance, attitudes and behaviour of
young people. The report (4) says that not all young drivers are dangerous, (5) but a large number of males,
particularly those aged 17 to 20, do not drive as carefully (6) as other age groups. These young drivers are
more likely to have (7) an accident in their first year of driving (8) than when their experience increases.
The report also notes that men are more likely to (9) break driving rules than women, and that a girlfriend or
wife in the car has a calming (10) influence on the driving pattern of young men.



R4 - Test 25
on

who

Case

Costs

Arrives

then

spend

As

In

Like

wearing

they

Time

Reaches


Before

RAIL DISCO
Every Saturday night at six o'clock during the summer months up to 500 disco fansclimb aboard a train in
Turin in Italy. They (1) spend the next six hours dancing away until the train (2) reaches a popular disco at
one of the towns (3) on the Adriatic coast. The whole trip (4) costs eighty dollars, including entrance into the
disco.
Italian railways started the idea (5) as a way of trying to reduce the growing numbers of young people
(6)
who have accidents every weekend as they drive the 400 kilometres to the coast.
Even (7) before the train pulls away from the platform the disco car is crowded with people (8) wearing all
kinds of fashionable clothes. The discos stay open until four in the morning and (9) then at 05.30 the train
is ready to begin its journey back to Turin. It will arrive in (10) time for its exhausted passengers to get home
for Sunday lunch!

R4 - Test 26
whether

was

Started

Had

Known

It

he


Which

Called

Therefore

than

in

For

To

An

BIRTH OF THE COMPUTER
Most people think of computers as very modern inventions, products of our new technological age. But
actually the idea for a computer (1) was worked out over two centuries ago by a man (2) called Charles
Babbage.
Babbage was bom (3) in 1791 and grew up to be a brilliant mathematician. He drew up plans for several
calculating machines (4) which he called 'engines'. But despite the fact that he (5) started building some of
these he never finished any of them. Over the years people have argued (6) whether his machines would
ever work. Recently, however, the Science Museum in London has finished building (7) an engine based on
one of Babbage's designs. (8) It has taken six years to complete and more (9) than four thousand parts
have been specially made. Whether it works or not, the machine will be on show at a special exhibition in
the Science Museum (10) to remind people of Babbage's work.


R4 - Test 27

But

Thrown

tells

they

without

Risen

Such

travelled

so

raised

Than

Says

put

with

came


HOLIDAYS THAT DON'T COST THE EARTH
The tourist industry is considered to be the world's largest industry. Before 1950 about 1 million people
(1) travelled abroad each year (2) but by the 1990s the figure had (3) risen to over 400 million every year.
(4) Such large numbers of tourists, however, are beginning to cause problems. For example, in the Alps the
skiers are destroying the mountains (5) they came to enjoy. Even parts of Mount Everest in the Himalayas
are reported to be covered (6) with old tins, tents and food that have been (7) thrown away.
But at a time when we have greater freedom to travel (8) than ever before, more and more people are asking
how they can enjoy their holiday (9) without causing problems by spoiling the countryside.
Now there is a new holiday guide called Holidays That Don’! Cost the Earth. It (10) tells you how you can
help the tourist industry by asking your travel agent or your tour operator the right questions before you go
on holiday.

R4 - Test 28
Many

So

said

been

Having

Spend

because

time

stay


Lots

Could

found

visited

to

DOLPHINS IN WALES
I fell in love with the Welsh landscape after watching a television programme about dolphins off the west
coast. I decided to (1) spend a holiday there. The programme (2) said the best place to see them was
Cardigan Bay and the best (3) time was late afternoon.
The first evening I expected a long wait, (4) so I sat on a bench with some fish and chips.
(5)Many other people were there and after a few minutes we heard a child’s voice cry out, ‘There!’ The
dolphins had arrived and they were playing and (6) having fun. It was wonderful to see them as they (7)
could always be - free.
I also (8) found out that this area has beautiful beaches and fantastic castles to explore.
It was the first time I had (9) been in Wales and I knew it would not be the last.
I have returned (10) to the same place several times.


R4 - Test 29
share

have

Talk


Much

From

considering

who

Like

Takes

Thinking

for

developing

Must

Many

Meet

THE NAMIBIA CHALLENGE IN AFRICA
The Namibia Challenge is a seven-day race organized by Raleigh International, a company established in
1985. It is a competition for people (1) who want to learn teamwork and communication skills. It (2) takes
place in the Namib desert in Africa, where teams spend a week pushing themselves to their limit and
(3)

developing useful skills. As a final challenge, participants (4) have to climb Mount Brandberg,
Namibia’s highest mountain.
Paul Webster, a university student, is willing to (5) share his experiences with other students. ‘The Namibia
Challenge is especially useful if, (6) like me, you haven’t had (7) much experience of working in a team,’ he
says. ‘(8) From the end of it, we were all trying to help each other in the team. It is also a great opportunity
to (9) meet people of many different nationalities in a very special environment. I am (10) thinking of going
back to Namibia if I can.’

R4 - Test 30
if

no

Go

Means

Need

must

ages

Makes

Paid

Work

any


visit

Unless

Miss

Heard

BEATRICE WRIGHT, A STORYTELLER
Beatrice is a retired librarian and a member of The Storytellers, a group of people who (1) go into schools to
read with children. The Storytellers are volunteers, so they are not (2) paid for their work. There are now
almost 3,000 storytellers of all (3) ages across Great Britain, from young students to people in their
seventies. (4) No qualifications at all are needed to be a storyteller, but all storytellers (5) must be patient and
kind.
Beatrice applied to (6) become a storyteller when she saw an advertisement on TV. She had never (7) heard
of The Storytellers before. She says, ‘Many children do not have books at home and this (8) makes it harder
for them to do well at school. They are delighted when they get all my attention. People should not do this
sort of work (9) unless they really like children. I look forward to it so much that I really (10) miss the
children during the holidays.’


R4 - Test 31
Says

Hopes

although

both


lost

Dreams

Took

went

so

asked

Became

Some

still

wanted

where

FROM SCHOOLBOY TO CLOWN
Gareth Ellis is the youngest of Alan and Kath’s sons. His two older brothers have already left their parents’
home. (1) Although he is only twelve, Gareth is sure that he will be a clown. When Gareth was three, his
parents (2) took him to see Zippo’s circus and he (3) still remembers that visit today. All Gareth (4) asked for
as birthday presents was to go back to Zippo’s, his father (5) says.
Then , in 1996, Alan (6) lost his job, so together with Kath, they decided to try and find full time jobs in a
circus (7) where Gareth would have a chance to learn clown skills. (8) Both of them got jobs with the

Moscow State Circus. Alan (9)became a lights operator and Kath was in the box office. After two years
there, the director of Zippo’s offered them jobs and training for Gareth. One day Gareth (10) hopes to be the
best clown in the world.

R4 -Test 32
Trained

Voices

should

similar

interested

That

Developed

ought

weather

all

Built

Along

sounds


climate

same

Alexander Graham Bell
Alexander Graham Bell was born in Scotland in 1847. His father, an expert on speech, (1) developed a way
of teaching how words (2) should be pronounced. He translated the (3) sounds of words into straight or
curvy lines.
Alexander (4) trained to be a teacher and, when his mother went deaf, he started to be (5) interested in how
deaf people communicate. In 1870, because his hildren were in poor health, Alexander and his family moved
to the United States. He hoped that a warmer (6) climate would be better for the whole family. It was while
he was teaching deaf children there (7) that he invented a new machine. It was very (8) similar to the human
ear itself, and Bell discovered it could carry human speech (9) along a wire from one place to another. It was
not long before the telephone was a part of (10) all our lives.


R4 -Test 33
soon

time

Need

Exact

Subject

which


true

More

Learnt

Many

limit

of

Person

That

Fast

THE ART OF DRAWING
Drawing has always been a very popular hobby. Young children draw with a pencil as (1) soon as they can
hold one. Drawing is often seen as a special skill, and it is (2) true that some people seem to draw perfect
pictures without any effort. Yet drawing, like writing, can be (3) learnt; you can draw accurately if you work
really hard at it.
Drawing is first (4) of all about looking carefully. It sounds easy to say that all you (5) need to do is look at
things, but it really is that simple. The best way to draw a familiar (6) subject is to imagine that you are
looking at it for the first (7) time.
Nowadays there are (8) more courses and materials available than ever before, (9) which means that you can
experiment to improve your skills. The only (10) limit is your imagination.

R4 - Test 34

kept

realise

Which

What

Spent

after

at

Including

Involving

Still

prevent

until

Took

Damage

Injure


Cave Paintings in Australia
A cave containing over 200 paintings was discovered in the Wollemi National Park, Australia, eight years
ago. Some of the paintings are (1) at least 3,000 years old. (2) what even more surprising is that the cave
was found by chance by someone walking in the area. However, the site of the cave was so difficult to reach
that it (3) took a long time before researchers could visit it.
The exact location of the site has to be (4) kept secret. This is to (5) prevent the cave from being visited by
sightseers who do not (6) realise how easy it is to (7) damage the paintings.
The paintings show people and animals (8)including birds, lizards and other Australian animals that can (9)
still be seen today. According to researchers, (10) until its recent discovery, nobody had visited the cave for
around 200 years.


R4 - Test 35
Take

Fact

attracting

any

time

That

In

lowers

at


actually

Lack

Those

falls

little

they

THE DIREST PLACE ON EARTH
The Atacama Desert in Chile is known as the driest place on earth. It is almost 1,000 kilometers (1) in
length, lying between the Pacific Ocean and the Andes mountains. Under a centimetre of rain (2) falls
annually, and the centre is so dry (3) that scientists have never recorded (4) any rain there.
Over a million people (5) actually live in the Atacama today. Most live on the coast, which is also home to
teams of astronomers who are there to (6) take advantage of the clear skies. In the north, farmers grow
tomatoes with water they have collected from underground rocks. However, for (7) those who have their
farms on higher ground, the water comes from melting snow.
People generally seem to (8) lack knowledge about what the desert has to offer, but in (9) fact, there is
plenty to do – from seeing the amazing natural sights to playing golf, one of the more recent activities (10)
attracting tourists to the region.