Administration Utilities
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Administration Utilities
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Objectives
Objectives
Describe, use man pages and other information
Demonstrate how to communicate with users
Identify system defaults
Demonstrate how to find files
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man Pages and the
man Pages and the
man
man
Command
Command
You can get information about most commands
using man. This online help system contains the
following information about each command:
Command name
Synopsis and description
List and definition of all options
Environment and parameters
Related commands are listed at the end of the man
page. The number in parentheses after a
command is the section of the manual pages
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Example
Example
$ man passwd
PASSWD(1) User utilities PASSWD(1)
NAME
…
SYNOPSIS
…
DESCRIPTION
…
OPERANDS
…
EXAMPLE
….
SEE ALSO
finger(1), login(1), nispasswd(1), crypt(3C), passwd(5)
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Table
Table
2.1
2.1
:
:
man
man
page
page
sections
sections
and
and
their
their
descriptions
descriptions
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man Pages and the
man Pages and the
man
man
Command
Command
To view a particular section of the man
pages, include the section number with the
man command and the term you are looking
for:
man <section numbers> <term>
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Scrolling in Man Pages
Scrolling in Man Pages
•
Spacebar Move forward one screen
•
Return Move forward one line
•
b Move back one screen
•
f Move forward one screen
•
q Quit the man command
•
/string Find forward
•
n Find the next occurrence of string
•
h Help more
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Searching Man Pages by Keyword
Searching Man Pages by Keyword
•
If you are not sure of the command name, use
the man command with -k option
man -k keyword
•
Example :
$ man -k insert
insque (3) – insert/remove an item from queue
remque [insque] (3) - insert/remove an item from queue
wrjpgcom (1) – insert text coments into JPG file
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Which command use to remove user ?
Which command use to remove user ?
$ man -k delete
…
groupdel (8) - Delete a group
…
rmdir (2) - delete a directory
…
userdel (8) – Delete a user
account and related files
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Which command use to modify user ?
Which command use to modify user ?
•
$ man -k modify
ar (1)- creat, modify and
extract from archive
...
setpnp (8)- modify Plug and Play
BIOS device resources
usermod (8)- Modify user account
...
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Which command use to create user ?
Which command use to create user ?
$ man -k create | grep user
newuser (8) – update and create new
user in batch
smnpusm (1) – creates and mantains
SMNPv3 users on a remote entity
useradd (8) – Create a new user or
update default new user
information
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Manual Entries
Manual Entries
Manual pages are mostly stored under /usr/man/
man can be searched in multiple directories by
setting the MANPATH variable.
MANPATH=/usr/man:/usr/X11R6/man:/usr/share/man
If the MANPATH is not set then man will
assume /usr/man
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Manual Entries
Manual Entries
Manual pages are formatted when needed,
and are displayed using a pager program:
•
more is generally used by default
•
Set the PAGER variable to override the default
less is probably now much more suitable,
as you can page backwards, search for
strings and patterns, and more
$ export PAGER=less
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Related Commands
Related Commands
On most Linux systems, you can use the
command whatis to print the short
description of a command ("synopsis"):
$ whatis man
man (1) - format and display the on-line manual pages
man (7) - macros to format man pages
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Related Commands
Related Commands
If you don't know the actual name of a command,
you can search for keywords in the synopsis with
the commands ”man –k” or its alias apropos
$ apropos manuals
man (1) an interface to the on-line reference manuals
mdoc.samples (7) tutorial sampler for writing manuals with –mdoc
You may run makewhatis to rebuild whatis
database before using these commands
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info
info
Command
Command
Not all man pages are being maintained and
are therefore out of date, so info yields
more current information
Some topics treated in info are not
discussed in man at all, info also uses
hypertext links, so it is a more powerful utility
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Documentation in
Documentation in
/usr/doc
/usr/doc
Documentation that doesn’t fall under man
pages and info is usually put into /usr/doc.
This directory can hold a wealth of
information :HOWTOs, user guides, FAQs,
READMEs, …
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Online Documentation
Online Documentation
Linux Documentation Project:
/>
…
