Trường Cao Đẳng Nguyễn Tấấ
t Thành
Image Enhancement
Ngành kỹ thuật y sinh
Content
DSA
Dual energy
Gray scale transforms
Histogram transformation
Digital subtraction angiography
DSA
=
Dual energy
Những vật liệu khác nhau có hệ sốấhấấ
p thụ tia X khác nhaucó thể tạo ảnh từ nhiềề
u m ức
năng lượng khác nhau
Điểm bấất lợi của pp này là chụp nhiềề
u lấề
n với kV khác nhau
Dual energy
Dùng filter đốềng để tạo ra các mức năng lượng khác nhau
Với tấấm đấều tiền sẽ cho qua toàn bộ phổ tia X như cách chụp X quang thống thường
Tấấm thứ 2 chỉ cho qua tia X năng lượng cao
Xương và các cấấu trúc có canxi hấấp thu tia thành phấền X năng lượng thấấp còn tia X năng
lượng cao có thể đi qua những mố có mật độ thấấp
Dual energy
Dual energy
Gamma correction
Gamma correction
Gamma correction
γ = 0.3 1 2
Gamma correction
γ = 0.3
γ=1
γ=2
Gamma correction
myoxyte
1. Tăng cường độ tương phản
Thay đổi qua cửa sổ cường độ sáng (intensity window)
đầu ra →
Hàm biềấn đổi tuyềấn tính
đầu vào →
Histogram
Histogram
A histogram is typically plotted as a bar chart where the horizontal axis corresponds to the
dynamic range of the image and the height of each bar corresponds to the sample count or
the probability.
The spread of the histogram relates directly to image contrast where
narrow histogram distributions are representative of low contrast images
wide distributions are representative of higher contrast images.
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Histogram Example
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Histogram Example
The image is characterized by low contrast. This is reflected in the histogram which shows that most samples are in a
narrow region of the dynamic range (little information below 40 or above 190).
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Some Typical Histograms
• The
shape of a histogram provides useful information for
contrast enhancement.
Dark image
Bright image
Low contrast image
High contrast image
Histogram Equalization
Histogram equalization is a powerful point processing enhancement technique that seeks to
optimize the contrast of an image at all points.
As the name suggests, histogram equalization seeks to improve image contrast by
flattening, or equalizing, the histogram of an image.
In image processing, a histogram is a histogram of sample values.
For an 8-bit image there will be 256 possible samples in the image and the histogram will simply count the
number of times that each sample value actually occurs in the image.
In other words, the histogram gives the frequency distribution of sample values within the image.
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Histogram Equalization
Histogram equalization is a way of improving the local contrast of an image without altering
the global contrast.
This method is especially useful in images having large regions of similar tone such as an image with a very
light background and dark foreground.
Histogram equalization can expose hidden details in an image by stretching out the contrast of local regions
and hence making the differences in the region more pronounced and visible.
Non-linear point processing technique that attempts to flatten the histogram such that there are equal
numbers of each sample value in the image.
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Example
Original image and its histogram