CASE STUDIES
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Cholecystectomy
 Cholelithiasis
 Cholecystitis
 Hemorrhagic
 Histopathologic
 Dysphagia
 Dyspepsia
 Colonoscopy



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2.
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6.
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9.
10.

Flatulence (n): uncomfortable feeling caused by too
much gas in the stomach.

Rebound tenderness Blumberg’s signs –
peritonitis.
quadrant (n): a quarter of a circle
Scapula (n): shoulder
intraoperative cholangiogram. The doctor
places a small tube called a catheter into the cystic
duct, which drains bile from the gallbladder into the
common bile duct.
Sludge (n): substance like thick, soft, wet mud
Prn: as needed
Infiltrate (v): pass slowly into sth
Regimen (n): set of rules about medication
Facilitate (v): make a passage


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Cholecyst : gall bladder
-ectomy: removal (cholecystectomy)

Lith: stone
-iasis: condition (lithiasis)
Lapar: abdoment
-scopic: pertaining to visual examination
(laparoscopic)
-scopy: visual examination
Ile: ileum
Cec: cecum
-al: pertaining to
ileocecal


CHOLECYSTECTOMY
 Definition
 Types

of the surgery
 How to perform
 Why is it done?
 Risks/ complication
 How to prepare


CHOLECYSTECTOMY
 Laparoscopic

cholecystectomy
 Open cholecystectomy
 To treat gallstones
 Gallstones in the gallbladder

(cholelithiasis)
 Gallstones in the bile duct
(choledocholithiasis)
 Gallbladder inflammation (cholecystitis)
 Pancreas inflammation (pancreatitis)
due to gallstones


MINIMALLY INVASIVE (LAPAROSCOPIC)
CHOLECYSTECTOMY
 Small

incisions is made
 Tiny video camera inserted
 Surgeons work
 Suturing
 1-2 hours


TRADITIONAL (OPEN)
CHOLECYSTECTOMY
 15cm

incision into abdomen
 Muscle & tissue pulled back to
reveal liver & gall bladder


 Bile


leak, bleeding, blood clots, heart
problems, pancreatitis, pneumonia,..


12.2
Specimen
 Dull (a) not bright
 A serous membrane (also referred to as
a serosa) is one of the thin membranes that
cover the walls and some organs of the thoracic
and abdominopelvic cavities
 Gangrene is a type of tissue death caused by not
enough blood supply



COLONOSCOPY
 Definition
 Procedure


 To

detect changes & abnormalities in
large intestines & rectum
 A long flexible tube with video at tip
inserted into rectum


Dysphagia

 Dyspepsia
 Aphthous stomatitis is a common condition
characterized by the repeated formation of
benign and non-contagious
mouth ulcers (aphthae)
 Buccal mucosa refers to the inside lining of the
cheeks and floor of the mouth
 The right colic flexure or hepatic flexure (as
it is next to the liver) is the sharp bend between
the ascending colon and the transverse colon



CASE STUDY QUESTIONS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

7.

C
D
A
E
D
A
C


B
9. C
10. B
11. B
12. E
13. E
8.


 ERCP

endoscopic retrograde
cholangiopancreatography
 RUQ right upper quadrant
 NG nasogastric
 IBD inflammatory bowel disease


18. Duodenal
19. Mesentoric
20. Focal
21. Exudate
22. Occult blood
23. Roterus
24. Antiemetic
25. Cholelithiasis


26. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy

27. Cholecystitis
28. Cholangiogram
29. Sphincter
30. biopsy