Nhóm 3
ðinh Nho Hiệp –

- 1 -

Alternative: Sự lựa chọn
You can be paid in cash weekly or by cheque monthly; those are the two alternatives
• alternatively

Circumstance: Hoàn cảnh, trường hợp, tình huống
We were simply thrown together by circumstance on the long journey.

Comment: Lời nhận xét, lời bình
She made helpful comments on my work.
• commentary
• commentator

Compensate: Bồi thường
Her lawyers say she should be compensated for the suffering she had been caused.
• compensation
• compensatory

Component: Thành phần
Key components of the government's plan are…
Trust is a vital component in any relationship. (quan trọng…)

Consent: (permission, agreement) Sự ñồng í
He is charged with taking a car without the owner's consent.
• consensus
• consent

Considerable: (~significant)ðáng kể, lớn lao (amount, size, importance, etc.)
The project wasted a considerable amount of time and money
The damage has been considerable
.
Considerable progress has been made in finding a cure for the disease.
• considerably

Constant: Thường xuyên (kiên trì, chung thủy)
Babies need constant attention
This entrance is in constant use.
She's in constant pain.
• constancy
• constantly
• inconstancy
• inconstant
Nhóm 3
ðinh Nho Hiệp –

- 2 -

Constrain: Bắt ép
She felt constrained from continuing by the threat of losing her job.
To constrain someone to do something: ép buộc ai làm việc gì
Regulations that constrain industry
I'm constrained by decisions made in the past.
The evidence was so compelling that he felt constrained to accept it.
The company said that it was constrained to raise prices.
• constraint
• unconstrained


Contribute: ðóng góp, góp phần
We contributed £5000 to the earthquake fund.
• contribution
• contributor

Conventional: Tính truyền thống
It's not a hotel, in the conventional sense, but rather a whole village turned into a hotel.
• convene
• convention
• conventionality
• conventionally
• unconventional
• unconventionality
• unconventionally

Coordinate: Sự phối hợp, hợp tác
A pamphlet produced by the government in coordination with (= working together with)
the Sports Council
• coordination
• coordinator

Core: Nhân, lõi, nòng cốt
Concern for the environment is at the core of our policies.

Corporate: (thuộc) tổ chức
corporate finance/planning/strategy
The law applies to both individuals and corporate bodies.
• corporation



Nhóm 3
ðinh Nho Hiệp –

- 3 -

Corresponding: Tương ứng, ñối với
A change in the money supply brings a corresponding change in expenditure.
Profits have risen by 15 per cent compared with the corresponding period last year.
• correspond
• correspondence
• correspondingly

Criteria: Tiêu chuẩn
What criteria are used for assessing a student's ability?

Deduce: (~infer )Suy luận, suy diễn
From the contents of his shopping basket, I deduced that he was single.
We can deduce a lot from what people choose to buy.
• deducible
• deduction

Demonstrate: Chứng minh, giải thích (show)
Let me demonstrate to you some of the difficulties we are facing.
The theories were demonstrated to be false.
These problems demonstrate the importance of planning.
She demonstrated how to use the new software.
• demo
• demonstrable
• demonstrably
• demonstrate

• demonstration
• demonstrative
• demonstratively
• demonstrator

Document: Tư liệu (in trên giấy)
• documentation

Dominant: Mạnh nhất, quan trọng nhất, ñáng lưu í nhất
The dominant feature of the room was the large fireplace.
• dominance
• dominate
• domination


Nhóm 3
ðinh Nho Hiệp –

- 4 -

Emphasis: (~stress ) Tầm quan trọng
The emphasis is very much on learning the spoken language.
Schools are starting to place/put greater emphasis on passing exams.
To put/lay/place emphasis on something
We provide all types of information, with an emphasis on legal advice.
• emphasize
• emphatic
• emphatically

Ensure: Bảo ñảm, bảo hiểm

Victory ensured them a place in the final.

Exclude: Ngăn chặn, loại trừ
Try excluding fat from your diet.
Buses run every hour, Sundays excluded.
Women are still excluded from the club.
• excluding
• exclusion
• exclusionary
• exclusive
• exclusively
• exclusiveness

Framework: Khuôn khổ
We are currently exploring new approaches within existing frameworks of practice and
thinking

Fund: Quỹ
• funder
• funding

Illustrate: Minh họa
An illustrated children's book
His lecture was illustrated with photos taken during the expedition.
This new discovery illustrates how little we know about early human history.
• illustration
• illustrative




Nhóm 3
ðinh Nho Hiệp –

- 5 -

Immigrate: Nhập cư
About 6.6 million people immigrated to the United States in the 1970s.
• immigrant
• immigration
• immigration control

Imply: Ngụ í
Are you implying (that) I am wrong?
imply something

His silence seemed to imply agreement.
It was implied that we were at fault.
An implied criticism (ngụ í chỉ trích)

Initial: ðầu tiên, ban ñầu
In the initial stages (= at the beginning) of the campaig
My initial reaction was to decline the offer.
Initially, the system worked well.
• initially

Instance: Ví dụ
In most instances, there will be no need for further treatment.
Many teenagers earn money, for instance by babysitting or cleaning cars.
The report highlights a number of instances of injustice.


Interaction: Giao tiếp
Our work involves a lot of interaction with the customers.
The only thing he interacts with is his computer!
Teachers have a limited amount of time to interact with each child.
• interact
• interactive
• interactively
• interactivity

Justification: Biện minh
I can see no possible justification for any further tax increases.
There's no justification for treating her so badly.
• justifiable
• justifiably
• justified
• justify
• unjustified
Nhóm 3
ðinh Nho Hiệp –

- 6 -

Layer: Sắp lớp
The potatoes are layered with onion.

Link: Mắt xích, sự kết nối
Police suspect there may be a link between the two murders.
• linkage

Locate: (~site) Tọa lạc, ñặt vị trí

be located in/near/on, etc
They located their headquarters in Swindon.
• located
• location
• relocate
• relocation

Maximise: (~maximase) Tối ña hóa
• max
• maximization
• maximum

Minor: Nhỏ, không quan trọng (>< large)
Women played a relatively minor role in the organization.
• minority

Negative (~ bad ~ harmful) Xấu, gây hại
Terrorist threats have had a very negative impact on tourism.
The crisis had a negative effect on trade.
The whole experience was definitely more positive than negative.

• negate
• negatively

Outcome: Kết luận, kết quả
We are waiting to hear the final outcome of the negotiations.
We are confident of a successful outcome.

Partnership: Quan hệ ñồng nghiệp
He developed his own program in partnership with an American expert.

• partner


Nhóm 3
ðinh Nho Hiệp –

- 7 -


Philosophy: Triết học
• philosopher
• philosophic
• philosophical
• philosophically
• philosophize
• philosophizing

Physical: Thể chất (adj)
He tends to avoid all physical contact.
• physically

Proportion: Phần, tỉ lệ
Water covers a large proportion of the earth's surface.
The proportion of regular smokers increases with age.
A higher proportion of Americans go on to higher education than is the case in Britain.
Children make up a large proportion of the world's population.
• proportional
• proportionally
• proportionate
• proportionately

• disproportion
• disproportionate
• disproportionately

Published: Xuất bản
The first edition was published in 2007.
• publisher
• publishing
• unpublished

Reaction: Phản ứng
What was his reaction to the news?
People can react badly to certain food additives. (…phụ gia thực phẩm)
• react
• reactionary
• reactivate
• reactivation
Nhóm 3
ðinh Nho Hiệp –

- 8 -

• reactive
• reactor = nuclear reactor
Registered: ðã ñược ñăng kí
The ship was registered in Panama
• registration

Rely: Tin tưởng, dựa vào (+on, upon)
These days we rely heavily on computers to organize / organizing our work.

• reliability
• reliable
• reliably
• reliance
• reliant
• unreliability
• unreliable

Remove: Dời, di chuyển, ñuổi, xóa
He removed his hand from her shoulder.
Three children were removed from the school for persistent bad behaviour.
• removable
• removal

Scheme: Âm mưu, í ñồ, kế hoạch
A local scheme for recycling newspapers
To introduce/operate a scheme to improve links between schools and industry
• schematic
• schematically

Sequence: Sự nối tiếp, sự liên tiếp
He described the sequence of events leading up to the robbery. (…vụ cướp)
I got my slides mixed up and they appeared out of sequence.
• sequencing
• sequential
• sequentially

Sex: Giới tính
How can you tell what sex a fish is?
• sexism

• sexual
Nhóm 3
ðinh Nho Hiệp –

- 9 -

• sexuality
• sexually

Shift: Thay ñổi (tính tình, vị trí, suy nghĩ, bản chất, hình dáng)
There has been a dramatic shift in public opinion on this matter.
Public attitudes towards marriage have shifted over the past 50 years.

Specify: Chỉ rõ, ghi rõ
Remember to specify your size when ordering clothes.
Forms must be returned by the specified date.
• specifiable
• unspecified

Sufficient: ðủ
Allow sufficient time to get there.
These reasons are not sufficient to justify the ban.
Is £100 sufficient for your expenses?
She didn't have sufficient time to answer all the questions.
I was sufficiently close to hear what they were saying.
• insufficiency
• insufficient
• insufficiently
• sufficiency
• sufficiently


Task: Nhiệm vụ, phận sự
Our first task is to set up a communications system.
I was given the task of sorting out all the stuff in the garage
Getting hold of this information was no easy task (= was difficult).

Technical: (thuộc) kỹ thuật, chuyên môn
We offer free technical support for those buying our software.
Techniques: Kỹ xảo, phương pháp kỹ thuật, kĩ năng
Her technique has improved a lot over the past season.
Technology: Kỹ thuật học,công nghệ học
The company has invested in the latest technology.
• technically
• technological
• technologically

Nhóm 3
ðinh Nho Hiệp –

- 10 -





Valid: Hợp lệ, hợp lí
She had valid reasons for not supporting the proposals.
The point you make is perfectly valid.
A valid argument
• invalidate

• invalidation
• invalidity
• validate
• validation
• validity
• validly

Volume: Tuyển tập, tổng số lượng, tổng lượng
How do you measure the volume of a gas
This work has grown in volume recently.