useoroperationofanymethods,products,instructions,orideascontainedinthe
materialherein.
Previouseditionscopyrighted2010,2002,1987byChurchillLivingstone,an
affiliateofElsevier,Inc.
DianeE.Spicerretainscopyrightofherimages.
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Dedication
ToAlison,Sarah,Dan,Caroline,andSusieforallthejoy
youbringtomylife.
J.S.T.
Tomyparents,SasikalaRamanandAKRaman.
K.K.
TomywifeKatieforhersupport,andmychildren
Adelyn,Jonas,andRylanfortheirinspiration.
J.T.T.
Foreword
Ilittlethought,whenwritingalongwithmycolleaguestheprefacetothefirst
editionofthistextbook,that33yearslaterIwouldbeinvitedtoprovidethe
forewordtothefourthedition.Muchhaschangedoverthatperiod,notleastthe
tragicallyearlylossofFergusMacartney,oneoftheoriginaleditors.Iam
pleasedtoreportthatElliotShinebourneandMikeTynan,ourotheroriginal
conspirators,continuetoenjoytheirretirement.Formyself,ithasbeena
pleasuretoupdatetheanatomicalcontentofthislatestversionofthebook.This
wouldnothavebeenpossiblewithouttheeffortsofDianeSpicer.Her
photographsofthecongenitallymalformedheartthatgracethisfourthedition
showtheanatomicfeatureswitheverincreasingaccuracyandbeauty.Themajor
changeinthisfourtheditionhasbeentheremarkableshiftinthegeographical
representationoftheeditorialteam.Ourfirsteditionwasanintentionally
anglocentricaffair.Itisofminorhistoricalinterestthat,whendiscussingthe
potentialpublicationofthetextbookwithAndrewStephenson,thepublishing
directorofChurchillLivingstoneatthetime,wedinedattheirLondonoffices.
Theupstairsstoreyoftheirpremises,inBentinckStreet,hadbeentheapartment,
duringtheSecondWorldWar,ofGuyBurgess,oneofthenotoriousmembersof
theringof“spies”thatchosetoshareournationalsecretswiththeoldSoviet
Union.Whenpreparingthecontentofourfirstedition,wetookcaretoinclude
Europeanandtransatlanticcontributions.Thisprovedpossiblethroughour
collaborationswithclosefriendsandcolleagues,particularlythoseworkingin
AmsterdamandPittsburgh.Inoursecondedition,wewerejoinedbytwoofour
ownfellows,TedBakerandMikeRigby,whohadrisentotheirown
prominence.Theeditorialteam,nonetheless,remainedfirmlyembeddedin
London.Thisthenchangedwiththethirdedition.Bythistime,ElliotandMike
hadchosentohandontheireditorialbatonstoDanPennyandAndrew
Redington.TrainedbyElliotandMikeattheBromptonHospital,theyhad,by
then,achievedtheirowninternationalrecognition,beingappointedtomajor
positionsinMelbourneandToronto.Thisdiasporainitselfwassufficientto