Chuyên đề: SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD (THỂ GIẢ ĐỊNH)
I. ĐỊNH NGHĨA:
“Subjunctive”: Câu giả định hay còn gọi là câu cầu khiến là loại câu đối tượng thứ nhất muốn
đối tượng thứ hai làm việc gì. Câu giả định có tính chất cầu khiến chứ khơng mang tính ép buộc như
câu mệnh lệnh.
II. CÁCH SỬ DỤNG :
* “Subjunctive” chủ yếu được sử dụng để nói đến những sự việc khơng chắc chắn sẽ xảy ra. Ví
dụ, chúng ta sử dụng khi nói về những sự việc mà một ai đó:
·
muốn xảy ra
·
dự đốn sẽ xảy ra
·
xảy ra trong tưởng tượng
* Trong câu giả định, người ta dùng dạng ngun thể khơng có to của các động từ sau 1 động từ
chính màn tính cầu khiến. Thường có that trong câu giả định, trừ 1 số trường hợp đặc biệt.
III. PHÂN LOẠI:
1. PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE :
A. CÁC ĐỘNG TỪ ĐỨNG TRƯỚC “THAT-CLAUSE”:
+ Công thức : S + V + (THAT) + S + (NOT) + (V0)
+ Các động từ theo sau “that-clause” bao gồm “present subjunctive”
Advise, require, stipulate, decree, demand , ask, command, order, desire. insist, recommend, request,
prefer, propose, suggest, urge
+ Ex:
a.
The doctor suggested that his patient stop smoking.
b. The doctor advised that Tom not stop smoking .
c. I demand that I be allowed to be free now.
B. “TÍNH TỪ” HOẶC “PHÂN TỪ”ĐỨNG TRƯỚC “THAT- CLAUSE”:
+ Công thức :
·

IT + BE+ ADJ + (THAT) + S + (NOT) + (V0)
·
IT + BE + V3/ED + (THAT) + S + (NOT) + (V0)
+ Các tính từ và phân từ thường gặp:
Avised, essential, obligatory, required, best, imperative, necessary, suggested, crucial, important,
proposed, urgent, desirable, mandatory, recommended, vital
+ Ex:
a.
It has been suggested that income tax be abolished.
b. It has been proposed that we not change the topic.
c. It is necessary that he find the book.
d. It is crucial that you be there before Tomarrives.
C. “THAT- CLAUSE” THEO SAU “NOUN/ NOUN PHARASES”:
+ Công thức:
·
N/ NP + BE + (THAT) + S + (NOT) + (V0)
·
S+ V + N/ NP + (THAT) + S + (NOT) + (V0)
+ Các danhtừ và cụm danh từ thường gặp :
a good idea, demand, request, suggestion, a bad idea, recommendation, preference, wish, command,
insistence, proposal
+ Ex :
a.
The UK isconsidering the proposal that it pay compensations for damages of the Indian
embassy.
b.
Our suggestion is that he be elected group- leader.
D. CHÚ Ý :
+“Subjunctive” cũng có thể được sử dụng trong câu phủ định, tiếp diễn, bị động.
+ Ex:

a.
The boss insisted that Sam not be at the meeting.
b. The company asked that employees not accept personal phone calls during business hours.


c. We suggested that you be admitted to the organization.
d. Jake recommended that Susan be hired immediately.
e.
It is important that you be standing there when he gets off the plane.
f.
I propose that we all be waiting in Tim’s apartment when he gets home.
+ IT + BE + ADJ + (THAT) + S + (NOT) + (V0)
= IT + BE + ADJ + (FOR O) + (NOT) TO V0
+ Ex:
a.
It is necessary that he find the book.
=It is necessary for him to find the book.
b.
It is crucial that you be there before Tomarrives.
=It is crucial for you to be there before Tom arrives.
+ “SHOULD” thỉnh thoảng được sử dụng để diễn tả ý kiến của “Subjunctive”.Hình thức này thì được
sử dụng thông thường ở người anh
+ Ex:
a.
The doctor recommended that she (should) see a apecialist about the problem.
b. It is necessary that he (should) find the book.
2. PAST SUBJUNCTIVE:
If + S + were/ V2/ed, S + would/could/might + V0
Khơng có thực trong hiện tại/ tương lai
If only + S + V2/ed

Không có thực trong hiện tại/ tương lai
S + wish + (that) S + V2/ed
Khơng có thực trong hiện tại/ tương lai
S1 + would rather/ would sooner + (that) + S2 + V2/ed
Diễn tả cái chúng ta thích người khác làm cái gì đó hơn
It’s (high/ about) time+(that)S + V2/ed
= It’s high time + (for O) + to V0
Diễn tả khoảng thời gian làm cái gì đó
S + Vs/es + as if/ as though + S + V2/ed
Khơng có thực trong hiện tại/ tương lai
+ Ex:
a.
What would yousay if someone stepped onyour feet?
b. I won’t be able to go to theparty.
è I wish I would be able to go to the party.
c. If only there were snow in summer.
d. It’s high time we started a new journey.
=It’s high time for us to start a new journey.
e.
I’d rather she didn’t go with you
f.
It’s very coldtoday. It looks as if/ as though it were winter now.
3. PAST PERFECT SUNJUNCTIVE:
If + S + had V3/ed , S + would/could/might + have V3/ed
Khơng có thực trong q khứ
If only + S + had V3/ed
Khơng có thực trong quá khứ
S + wish + (that) S + had V3/ed
Khơng có thực trong q khứ
S1 + would rather/would sooner + (that) S2 + had V3/ed

Khơng có thực trong quá khứ
S+V+ as if/ as though + S + had V3/ed
Khơng có thực trong q khứ
+ Ex:
a.
If you hadn’t helped me, I would havegone bankrupt.


b. I didn’t see themovie last night.
è I wish I had seen the movie last night.
è If only I had seen the movie last night.
c. Nam did not go to class yesterday.
è I would rather that Nam had gone to class yesterday.
d. The whole were seriously damaged. It looks as if it had been destroyed by bombs.
*CHÚ Ý : WOULD RATHER
Nếu như S1 và S2 giống nhau thì áp dụng công thức sau :
S + would rather + V0 (than V0)
Diễn tả hành động hiện tại/ tương lai
S + would rather + have + V3/ed
Khơng có thật trong q khứ
+ Ex:
a.
I would rather study English.
b. Jim would rather have gone to class yesterday than today.
1. I enjoyed the movie very much. I wish I ______ the book from which it was made.
A. have read
B. had read
C. should have read
D. am reading
2. You are late. If you _______ a few minutes earlier, you_______him.

A. came / Would meet
B. had come / Would have met
C. come / Will meet
D. had come / would meet
3. I can’t stand him. He always talks as though he_______everything.
A. knew
B. knows
C. has know
D. had known
4. His doctor suggested that he ______short trip abroad.
A. will take
B. would take
C. take
D. took
5. We might have failed if you _______us a helping hand.
A. have not given B. would not give
C. had not given
D. did not give
6. The law requires that everyrone ______his car checked at least once a month.
A. has
B. have
C. had
D. will have
7. He was busy yesterday, otherwise he_______to the meeting.
A. would come
B. would have been
C. could have been
D. would be
8. If there were no subjunctive mood, English _______ much easier.
A. will be

B. would have been
C. could have been
D. would be
9. ________ the fog, we should have reached our schoo1.
A. Because of
B. In spite of
C. In case of
D. But for
10. –“What will you do during winter vacation?”
–“I don’t know, but it’s about time______something.”
A. I decided
B. I’ll decide
C. I’d decided
D. I’m deciding
11. He was very busy yesterday, otherwise, he ________to your birthday party.
A. would come
B. came
C. would have come
D. should come
12. The two strangers talked as if they_______friends for years.
A. should be
B. had been
C. have been
D. were
13. Look! What you’ve done!You_______have been more careful.
A. should
B. may
C. ought
D. would
14. Without electricity, what _______?

A. will the world be like
B. would the world be like
C. the world will be like
D. the World Would be like
15. With your ability, you _______out the puzzle within a few minutes.
A. could have worked
B. need have worked
B. C. ought have worked
D. must have worked

Đáp án bài tập về câu giả định trong Tiếng Anh
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

B
B
A
C
C
B

7. B
8. D
9. D
10. A
11. C

21. B

13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.

A
B
A
C
D
A

19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.

B
D
C
A
C
B


25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.

B
B
C
B
B
D