Phonetic and phonology TUNES SHAPES
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PHONETIC AND PHONOLOGY
TUNES SHAPES
TUNES SHAPES
Part 1: 4 types of tune shapes.
I. The falling tune – The Glide-Down
Definition: The falling tune consists of a fall in the voice from a fairly high
pitch to a very low one. The fall is on the stressed syllable to a following one.
_ Glide-down appearance:
---'----'---- `-Example:
//it wəz 'kwait `gud//
II. The first rising tune – The Glide-Up
Definition: The Glide-Up is just like the Glide Down except that it ends with a
rise in the voice instead of a fall.
_ Glide-up appearance:
--'----'-----,--Example:
//ai 'wəunt 'draiv 'tu: ,fa:st//
III. The second rising tune – The Take-Off
Definition: The Take-Off also ends with a rise in the voice, like the Glide-Up,
but any words and syllables before the rise are low.
_ Take-off appearance:
---,----,-----,---Example: //hi: ,didnt ,luk ,il/ ,did i://
IV. The falling-rising tune – The Dive
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PHONETIC AND PHONOLOGY
TUNES SHAPES
Definition: The Dive consists of a fall from rather high to low and then a rise
to about the middle of your voice.
_ There are two The Drive appearances:
-- `---,---,---,-Example: // `dəunt ,meik mi: ,æŋri //
---'---'----ˇ--Example: //ai 'laik jƆ: ˇhæt// (I must admit)
Part 2: How to use the tunes?
I. Glide-down
1. Statements which are complete and definite.
Example: //it wəz 'kwait `gud//
2. If you want the question to sound more business-like and interested in the
subject and also for one-word questions.
Example : //'hu: Ɔn 'ə: wəz `ðæt//
3. For short question use as response, like Did you? Has she?, use the Glide
down.
Example: // `did ju:?//
4. Where the word not occurs in either the statement or the tag question (not in
both), use the Glide down to force the other person to agree with you.
Example: //ju: ,wəunt ,w⋀ri/ `wil ju://
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PHONETIC AND PHONOLOGY
TUNES SHAPES
5. For strong exclamation.
Example: //wƆt ə 'veri 'priti `dres//
II. Glide-up
1. If the statement is intended to be soothing or encouraging.
Example: //ai 'wəunt 'draiv 'tu: ,fa:st//
2. If the statement is intended as a question.
Example: //ju: ,laik it?/
3. If you want to show as much interest in the other person as in the subject.
Example: //'hauz jƆ: ,dƆ:tə //
4. For all other yes-no questions.
Example: //'kæn ai ,si: it?//
5. For greeting and for saying goodbye.
Example: //'gud ,mƆ:niŋ //
6. For exclamation which refer to something not very exciting or unexpected
Example: // , θæŋk ju://
III. Take-off
1. If the statement is a grumble.
Example: //ai didn’t ,hə:t ju://
2. For repetition-questions, when you are repeating someone else’s question or
when you want the other person to repeat some information.
Example: // ,wen did ai gəu//
3. For tag-questions after commands.
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TUNES SHAPES
Example: //'k⋀m əuvə `hiə / ,wil ju:?//
4. If both the statement and the tag question have not in them, or if not is
missing from both.
Example: //ju: `laik it / ,did ju:?//
5. When you don’t want to force the other person to agree with you, but to give
his/her opinion.
Example: //hi: ,didnt ,luk ,il/ ,did i://
6. If the exclamation is questioning
Example: // ,riəli?//
IV. The Drive
1. If the statement is not complete but leading to a following word-group
Example: //hi: 'tu:k ˇka:// (and do something else)
2. Statements which showreservation on the part of the speaker and which
might be followed by but/ you must admit or I must admit.
Example: //ai 'laik jƆ: ˇhæt// (I must admit)
3. If the statement is a correction of what someone else has said.
Example: (He’s forty five) /'fƆ:ti ˇsiks//
4. If the statement is a warning.
Example: //ju: l bi: ˇleit//
5. If the statement has two parts, of which the first is more important to the
meaning than the second, use the Dive, with the fall at the end of the first part
and the rise at the end of the second.
Example: //ai 'went tə `l⋀ndən Ɔn ,m⋀ndei//
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TUNES SHAPES
6. If you want the command to sound like a pleading request use the Dive, with
the fall on Do or Don’t if they occur or on the main verb if not, and the rise at
the end.
Example: // `dəunt ,meik mi: ,æŋri //
The end.
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