tieng anh can thiet

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(1)PhÇn 1: PhÇn lý thuyÕt Part I: Pronunciation (ph¸t ©m) A. C¸c phô ©m h÷u thanh vµ v« thanh trong tiÕng Anh: * H÷u thanh /b, d, g, v, ð, z, ʒ, ʤ, m, n, , l, r, j, w/ + toµn bé nguyªn ©m a, e, o, u, i. * V« thanh /p, t, k, f, θ, s, ∫, t∫, h/ 1. Quy t¾c c¬ b¶n của viÖc ph¸t ©m c¸c tõ tËn cïng víi ‘s’:  ‘s’ đợc phát âm là /z/ khi theo sau các âm hữu thanh trừ 3 âm (z, ʒ, ʤ/)  ‘s’ đợc phát âm là /s/ khi theo sau các âm vô thanh trừ 3 âm (s,∫,t∫)  ‘s’ đợc phát âm là / iz/ khi đi sau các âm (z, ʒ, ʤ, s, ∫,t∫ ) 2. Quy t¾c c¬ b¶n của viÖc ph¸t ©m c¸c tõ tËn cïng víi ‘ed’:  Động từ tận cùng bằng ‘ed’ đợc phát âm là /d/ khi theo sau các âm hữu thanh trừ âm (d)  Động từ tận cùng bằng ‘ed’ đợc phát âm là /t/ khi theo sau các âm vô thanh trừ âm (t)  Động từ tận cùng bằng ‘ed’ đợc phát âm là /id/ khi theo sau các âm (t, d, te, de) B. Stress 1. Tõ cã hai ©m tiÕt (Two - syllable words) - §èi víi tõ cã hai ©m tiÕt, träng ©m cã thÓ r¬i vµo ©m tiÕt ®Çu hoÆc ©m tiÕt thø hai.  Đối với động từ, tính từ, trạng từ, và giới từ có quy luật cơ bản sau: nếu âm tiết thứ hai có chứa nguyên ©m dµi hoÆc nguyªn ©m kÐp (trõ) th× träng ©m r¬i vµo ©m tiÕt thø hai. Vd: arrive (v), attract (v), correct (a), perfect (a), alone (adv), inside (pre)...  Nguợc lại nếu âm tiết thứ hai có chứa nguyên âm ngắn hoặc nguyên âm kép ...., hoặc đợc kết thúc bằng mét phô ©m th× träng ©m r¬i vµo ©m tiÕt ®Çu. Vd: open (v), borrow (v), lovely (a), sorry (a), rather (adv).............  §èi víi danh tõ, nÕu ©m tiÕt thø hai cã chøa nguyªn ©m ng¾n th× träng ©m r¬i vµo ©m tiÕt ®Çu. Vd: money, product.... Ngîc l¹i, nÕu ©m tiÕt thø hai cã chøa nguyªn ©m dµi hoÆc nguyªn ©m kÐp th× träng ©m r¬i vµo ©m tiÕt thø hai. Vd: balloon, design, estate... 2. Tõ cã ba ©m tiÕt (Three - syllable words)  Đối với động từ , nếu âm tiết cuối là âm tiết mạnh, nó sẽ có trọng âm. Vd: enter’tain, resur’rect... - Nếu âm tiết cuối là âm tiết yếu, trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết đứng ngay trớc nó, VD: encounter, determine.... - NÕu c¶ ©m tiÕt thø hai vµ thø ba lµ ©m tiÕt yÕu th× träng ©m sÏ r¬i vµo ©m tiÕt ®Çu tiªn. Vd: advertise, speculate.....  §èi víi danh tõ, nÕu ©m tiÕt cuèi cïng yÕu hoÆc tËn cïng b»ng /əu/, vµ ©m tiÕt thø hai m¹nh, träng ©m sẽ rơi vào âm tiết thứ hai đó. Vd: statistics, potato, diaster.....; - Nếu âm tiết thứ hai và thứ ba cùng là âm tiết yếu,thì âm tiết đàu tiên sẽ mang trọng âm. Vd: quantity, cinema, emperor...... 3. Tõ ph¸t sinh (derived-words) * Tõ ph¸t sinh lµ nh÷ng tõ cã h×nh th¸i tõ gèc céng víi mét hoÆc nhiÒu phô tè (affixes). Phô tè bao gåm tiÒn tè (prefixes) vµ hËu tè(suffixes). * Ba trờng hợp phụ tố có tác động đến trọng âm của từ:  B¶n th©n phô tè mang träng ©m chÝnh. Vd: ‘semicircle, ...  Phụ tố không làm thay đổi trọng âm chính của từ gốc. Vd: ‘pleasant, un’pleasant, ............  Sự có mặt của phụ tố làm thay đổi trọng âm chính của từ gốc. Vd: ’magnet. mag’netic 4. D¹ng ph¸t ©m m¹nh vµ d¹ng ph¸t ©m yÕu cña c¸c tõ chøc n¨ng (weak forms and strong forms of function words) Một số từ chức năng trong tiêng Anh (trợ động từ, giới từ, liên từ,...) có thể có hai cách phát âm- dạng mạnh và dạng yếu. Dạng phát âm yếu (weak form) là dạng phát âm thông thờng của nhóm từ này và chúng chỉ đợc ph¸t ©m díi d¹ng m¹nh (strong form) trong c¸c trêng hîp sau:  Khi từ đó xuất hiện ở cuối câu nói. Vd: Chips are what I’m fond of.  Khi từ đó đợc đem tơng phản với một từ khác. Vd: the letter’s from him not to him.  Khi từ đó đợc đánh trọng âm vì mục đích nhấn mạnh của ngời nói. Vd:You must give me more money.  Khi từ đó đợc trích đẫn. Vd: You shouldn’t put and at the end of the sentence. 5. NhÞp ®iÖu (Rhythm): Ngôn ngữ lời nói tiếng Anh đợc cho là có nhịp điệu và nhịp đó đợc phát hiện nhờ vào sự xuất hiện đều đặn của các âm tiết có trọng âm. Tiếng Anh có nhịp điệu theo trọng âm có nghĩa là các âm tiết có trọng âm có.

(2) xu hớng xuất hiện trong những khoảng thời gian tơng đối bằng nhau dù giữa chúng có số lợng âm tiết không mang träng ©m kh¸c nhau. Vd: ‘Walk ‘down the ‘path to the ‘end of the ca’nal 1 2 3 4 5 6. Nuèt ©m (Elision) Nuèt ©m lµ sù lîc bá 1 hoÆc nhiÒu ©m khi nãi. Díi ®©y lµ mét sè trêng hîp nuèt ©m chñ yÕu:  Sù biÕn mÊt cña nguyªn ©m.  Sù mÊt ®i nh÷ng nguyªn ©m yÕu theo sau /p, t, k/  Sù biÕn mÊt cña phô ©m. 7. Nèi ©m (linking) o Phô ©m -> nguyªn ©m Vd: Look at me; Can I help you? o Nguyªn ©m -> nguyªn ©m Vd: How often do I have to do it? 8. Ng÷ ®iÖu (Intonation) Ngữ điệu là sự lên xuống của cao độ âm thanh khi ta phát âm. Có ba loại ngữ điệu cơ bản đợc trình bày trong SGK 12: Ng÷ ®iÖu gi¸ng (falling tune); ng÷ ®iÖu th¨ng (rising tune); ng÷ ®iÖu th¨ng - gi¸ng (rising-falling tune). Sau ®©y lµ mét sè quy t¾c ng÷ ®iÖu c¬ b¶n:  C©u trÇn thuËt:  C©u trÇn thuËt th«ng thêng xuèng giäng ë cuèi ph¸t ng«n. Vd: I love you.  C©u liÖt kª lªn giäng võa ph¶i ë mçi phÇn liÖt kª vµ xuèng giäng ë cuèi ph¸t ng«n. Vd: We had some soup, smashed potato, fish and chips and finally a glass of orange juice.  Câu hỏi có từ để hỏi: - Quy luËt c¬ b¶n lµ xuèng giäng ë cuèi ph¸t ng«n. Vd: What does WTO stand for? - Đôi khi lên giọng dần từ khi bắt đầu cho đến khi kết thúc phát ngôn (thể hiện sự quan tâm nhiều hơn) Vd: How’s your daughter? Câu hỏi đảo: đều lên giọng ở cuối phát ngôn kể cả loại có dạng thức giống nh 1 câu trần thuật. Vd: Do you love him? You love him? Lời yêu cầu, đề nghị: Lên giọng ở cuối phát ngôn. Vd: Can you open the door ,please? C©u hái ®u«i: - Xuống giọng ở phần đuôi của câu hỏi khi hỏi chỉ đẻ xác nhận thông tin. Câu hỏi nh thế này có tác dông gÇn nh mét c©u c¶m th¸n. Vd: It’s really hot, isn’t it? - Khi hỏi để lấy thông tin thực sự và cần có sự khẳng định hoặc phủ định của ng ời nghe thì phần ®u«i cña c©u hái ph¶i lªn giäng. Vd: You don’t love her, do you? C©u hái lùa chän: lªn giäng ë mçi sù lùa chän trõ sù lùa chän cuèi cïng th× xuèng giäng. Vd: Would you like tea, coffee or milk? PART II: GRAMMAR (PhÇn ng÷ ph¸p) I. The present simple tense (Thì hiện tại đơn) 1. Form to be - Affirmative: S + V1…. S + am/is/are…… - Negative: S + do/does + not + V1… S + am/is/are + not….. - Interrogative: Do/Does + S + V1….? Am/Is/Are + S ….? 2. Usage: - Thì HTĐ dùng diễn tả một thói quen, một hành động xảy ra thờng xuyên lặp di lặp lại ở hiện tại. eg. I watch T.V every night. - Th× HT§ dïng diÔn t¶ mét ch©n lý, mét sù thËt hiÓn nhiªn. eg. The sun rises in the East / Tom comes from America. - Thì HTĐ đợc dùng khi ta nói về thời khóa biểu (timetables), chơng trình (programmes)......... eg. The train leaves the station at 8.15 a.m. The film begins at 8 p.m. - Th× HT§ dïng sau nh÷ng côm tõ chØ thêi gian: when, as soon as,.. vµ nh÷ng côm tõ chØ ®iÒu kiÖn: if, unless. eg. When summer comes, I’ll go to the beach. You won’t get good marks unless you work hard. 3. Adverbs: Often = usually = frequently, always = constantly, sometimes = occasionally, seldom = rarely, everyday/ week/ month............. II. The present continuous tense (Thì hiện tại tiếp diễn) 1. Form : - Affirmative: S + am/is/are + V- ing…… - Negative: S + am/is/are + not + V-ing…...

(3) - Interrogative: Am/Is/Are + S + V-ing ….? 2. Usage: - Thì HTTD diễn tả một hành động đang diễn ra và kéo dài một thời gian ở hiện tại (thờng có các trạng tõ : now, right now, at the moment, at present) eg. The children are playing football now. - Thì HTTD cũng thờng đợc dùng theo sau câu đề nghị, mệnh lệnh. eg. Be quiet! The baby is sleeping. Note: Không dùng thì HTTD với các động từ chỉ nhận thức, tri giác nh : to be, see, hear, understand, know, like, want, glance, feel, think, smell, love, hate, realize, seem, remember, forget, belong to, believe.....(Víi các động từ này ta thay bằng thì HTĐ). eg. She wants to go for a walk at the moment. SO SAÙNH thì SIMPLE PRESENT Với thì PRESENT CONTINUOUS Thì Simple Present được dùng để chỉ 1 hành động diễn ra trong 1 thời gian noí chung không nhất thiết phải là thời gian ở hiện tại. Thời gian nói chung là thời gian ma sự việc diễn ra mỗi ngày (every day), mỗi tuaàn (every week), mỗi tháng (every month), mỗi năm (every year), mỗi mùa (every spring / summer / autumn / winter)… - He goes to school every day. - Mrs Brown travels every summer. * Thì Present Continuous được dùng để chỉ 1 hành động đang xảy ra (a current activity) hay một sự việc chúng ta đang làm bây giờ (now/ at present/ at this moment), hôm nay (today), tuaàn nµy (this week), năm nay (this year)… - We are learning English now. - Mary is playing the piano at the moment. Hãy so sánh : - I work in a bakery every day. - I’m working in a bakery this week. * CHUÙ YÙ : (1) + Thì Simple Present thường được dùng với các động từ chỉ tri giác (verbs of perception) như: feel, see, hear… và các động từ chỉ trạng thái như: know, understand, mean, like, prefer, love, hate, need, want, remember, recognize, believe… + Ngoài ra chúng ta còn dùng thì Simple Present với các động từ : be, appear, belong, have to… + Thì Simple Present còn được dùng với các trạng từ chỉ tần suất (adverbs of frequency) như : always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, generally, rarely, never… - That child needs care. - This book belongs to me. - He never comes late. + Chúng ta cũng dùng thì Simple Present để chỉ 1 chân lí hay 1 sự thật hiển nhiên (a general truth). - The sun rises in the east. - Nothing is more precious than independence and freedom. (2) Thì Present Continuous còng được dùng để chỉ hành động ở 1 tương lai gần (a near future action) Với các trạng từ chỉ tương lai như : tomorrow, next week, next month, next year, next summer…. III. The present perfect tense (Thì Hiện tại hoàn thành) 1. Form : - Affirmative: S + has/have +V3/ed…. - Negative: S + has/have + not + V3/ed….. - Interrogative: Has/Have + S + V3/ed….? 2. Usage : - Thì HTHT diễn tả hành động vừa mới xảy ra, vừa mới kết thúc, thờng đi với trạng từ “just” eg. We have just bought a new car. - Thì HTHT diễn tả một hành động bắt đầu từ quá khứ, còn kéo dài đến hiện tại và có khả năng tiếp tục ở t¬ng lai. eg. You have studied English for five years. - Thì HTHT diễn tả hành động xaỷ ra trong quá khứ mà không biết rõ thời gian. eg. I have gone to Hanoi. - Thì HTHT diễn tả hành động đợc lặp đi lặp lại nhiều lần ở quá khứ. eg. We have seen Titanic three times. - Th× HTHT dïng sau nh÷ng tõ so s¸nh ë cÊp cao nhÊt. (trong lêi b×nh phÈm) eg. It’s the most boring film I’ve ever seen. - Th× HTHT dïng víi This is the first/ second time, it’s the first time......... eg. This is the first time I’ve lost my way..

(4) - Th× HTHT dïng víi This morning/ This evening/ Today/ This week/ This term...... khi nh÷ng thêi gian nµy vÉn cßn trong lóc nãi. eg. I haven’t seen Joana this morning . Have you seen her? Note : - Gone to kh¸c víi Been to. eg. Marry has gone to Paris(đang ở hoặc đang trên đờng đến Pari) Marry has been to Paris(đã đến nhng bây giờ không còn ở Pari) 3. Adverbs : - just, recently, lately :gÇn ®©y, võa míi - ever: đã từng - never: cha bao giê - already: råi - yet: cha (dùng trong câu phủ định và nghi vấn) - since: từ khi (chỉ thời điểm mà hành động bắt đầu) - for: khoảng (chỉ khoảng thời gian của hành động) - so far = until now = up to now = up to the present : cho đến nay, cho đến tận bây giờ ... * Th× HTHTTD : S + have been + Ving. Sö dông t¬ng tù th× HTHT nhng muèn nhÊn m¹nh tÝnh liªn tôc cña hành động. eg. You have been learning English for 5 years. SO SAÙNH THÌ PRESENT PERFECT VAØ THÌ PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS + Thì Present perfect (Hiện Tại Hoàn Thành) được dùng để chỉ kết quả của một tình trạng ở hiện tại (the result of the present state), một việc xảy ra trong quá khứ không rõ thời điểm, lập đi lập lại nhiều lần và kéo dài đến hiện tại. + Thì Present Perfect Continuous (Hiện Tại Hoàn Thành Tiếp Diễn) được dùng để chỉ sự tiếp diễn của một hành động (the continuity of an action) cho tới hiện tại. - I have been waiting for two hours, but she has not come yet. - He has been living here since 1975. - We have been working in the garden all morning. + Thì Present Perfect Continuous còn được dùng với các động từ như : lie, wait, sit, stand, study, learn, live, rest, stay… - They have been learning English since 1995. - The chair has been lying in the store window for ages. IV. The past simple tense (Thì Quá khứ đơn) 1. Form to be - Affirmative: S + V2/ed…. S + was/were…… - Negative: S + did + not + V1….. S + was/were + not….. - Interrogative: Did + S + V1….? Was/Were + S ….? 2. Usage : - Thì QKĐG diễn tả hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ, đã chấm dứt và biết rõ thời gian. eg. I went to the cinema last night. 3. Adverbs : - last, yesterday, ago, in 1989,… - Khi đổi sang dạng phủ định và nghi vấn nhớ đa động từ chính về nguyên mẫu. - Chú ý cách phát âm các động từ có tận cùng là ‘ed’ SO SAÙNH THÌ PRESENT PERFECT VAØ THÌ SIMPLE PAST * Thì Present perfect (Hiện Tại Hoàn Thành) được dùng để chỉ một quá khứ không rõ thời điểm còn liên lạc với hiện tại. * Thì Simple Past (Quá Khứ Đơn) được dùng để chỉ một quá khứ có thời điểm rõ rệt cắt đứt với hiện tại. + CHUÙ YÙ : (1) Thì Present Perfect thường đi với những từ như : up to now, up to the present, so far (cho tới nay), not … yet (vẫn chưa), for, since, ever (đã từng), never, several times (nhiều lần), just (vừa), recently (vừa mới), lately (mới đây) ... - Have you ever seen a tiger ? - The train has not arrived yet. - We have lived here for 6 years. - The bell has just rung..

(5) (2) Thì Simple Past thường đi với những tiếng chỉ thời gian quá khứ xác định như : yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week, last month, last year, last summer, ago. - We came here a month ago. - He went to the cinema yesterday. * Thì Simple Past còn được dùng để chỉ một chuỗi các hành động kế tiếp xảy ra trong quá khứ. - He closed all the windows, locked the doors and then went out. V. The past continuous tense: (Thì quá khứ tiếp diễn) 1. Form : - Affirmative: S + was/were + V-ing…. - Negative: S + was/were + not + V-ing….. - Interrogative: Was/Were + S + V-ing….? 2. Usage : - Hành động đang xảy ra và kéo dài một thời gian ở quá khứ. eg. Yesterday, Mr Nam was working in the garden all the afternoon. - Hành động đang xảy ra tại một thời điểm xác định trong quá khứ. eg. We were learning English at 9 a.m last Sunday. - Hành động đang xảy ra (ở quá khứ) thì có một hành động khác xen vào. (Hành động đang xảy ra dùng thì QKTD, hoàn động xen vào dùng thì QKĐ) eg. When I saw her yesterday, she was having breakfast. - Hai hành động xảy ra song song cùng một lúc ở quá khứ. eg. Last night, I was watching T.V while my sister was reading a book. Note: Không dùng thì này với các động từ chỉ nhận thức, tri giác (thay bằng QKĐ). 3. Adverbs: - at 4 p.m yesterday - at this time last Sunday........... SO SAÙNH THÌ SIMPLE PAST VAØ THÌ PAST CONTINUOUS + Thì Simple Past (Quá Khứ Đơn) được dùng để chỉ một hành động ngắn (thình lình) xảy ra trong quá khứ. - I met him in the street yesterday. + Thì Past Continuous (Quá Khứ Tiếp Diễn) được dùng để chỉ một hành động kéo dài trong quá khứ tương ứng với một hành động khác cũng trong quá khứ. - I met him while he was crossing the street. - She was going home when she saw an accident. + Thì Past Continuous còn diễn tả một hành động kéo dài tại điểm thời gian xác định ở quá khứ hoặc hai hành động liên tiếp song song với nhau. - My father was watching TV at 8 o’clock last night. - I was doing my homework while my father was watching TV VI. The past perfect tense (Thì quá khứ hoàn thành) 1. Form : - Affirmative: S + had + V3/ed…. - Negative: S + had + not + V3/ed….. - Interrogative: Had + S + V3/ed….? 2. Usage: Diễn tả một hành động trong quá khứ xảy ra trớc một thời gian cụ thể hoặc trớc một hành động khác trong quá khứ. (Nếu trong câu có hai hành động quá khứ, hành động nào xảy ra trớc ta dùng QKHT, hành động nào sau ta dùng QKĐ). eg. They had live here before 1985. After the children had finished their homework, they went to bed. VII. The past perfect continuous tense (Thì quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn) 1. Form: - Affirmative: S + had + been + Ving …. - Negative: S + had + not + been + Ving….. - Interrogative: Had + S + been + Ving….? 2. Usage: Diễn tả một hành động quá khứ đã xảy ra và kéo dài cho đến khi hành động quá khứ thứ hai xảy ra (hành động thứ hai dùng QKĐ). Khoảng thời gian kéo dài thờng đợc nêu rõ trong câu. eg. The boys had been playing football for 2 hours before I came SO SAÙNH THÌ PAST PERFECT VAØ THÌ PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS + Thì Past Perfect Continuous (Quá Khứ Hoàn Thành Tiếp Diễn) dùng để nhấn mạnh tính liên tục của hành động trước khi một hành động quá khứ khác xảy ra. Hãy so sánh : - She had been studying English before she came here for classes..

(6) (Hành động had been studying xảy ra liên tục cho tới khi hành động came for classes xảy ra). - She had studied English before she came for classes. (Hành động had studied chấm dứt trước hành động came for classes) Vaø haõy so saùnh : - It had been raining when I got up this morning. (Mưa đã dứt khi tôi thức dậy.) - It was raining when I got up this morning. (Mưa vẫn còn khi tôi thức dậy VIII. The simple future tense (Thì tương lai đơn) 1. Form : - Affirmative: S + will/shall + V1…. - Negative: S + will/shall + not + V1….. - Interrogative: Will/Shall + S + V1….? 2. Usage: - Dùng khi ta quyết định làm một điều gì đó vào lúc nói. eg. You will give your sentences now. - Dùng để yêu cầu, đề nghị ai đó làm gì eg. Will you shut the door. - Dùng để đồng ý hoặc từ chối làm gì . eg: A: I need some money. B: Don’t worry .I’ll lend you some. - Dùng để hứa hẹn làm điều gì eg: I promise I’ll call you when I arrive - Dùng shall I và shall we để đề nghị hoặc gợi ý. eg. Where shall we go tonight?/ Shall we go to the cinema? - Dïng I think I’ll...../ I don’t think I’ll......khi ta quyÕt lµm / kh«ng lµm ®iÒu g×. eg.I think I’ll stay at home tonight./ I don’t think I’ll go out tonight. 3. Adverbs : - someday :một ngày nào đó. - next week/ next month.......... - tomorrow : - soon :ch¼ng bao l©u n÷a. IX. Near future (Thì tương lai gần) 1. Form: S + Be (is/am/are) + Going to + V bare infi. (dự định sẽ) S + Be (is/am/are) +Ving (s¾p söa) 2. Usage: Diễn tả hành động sẽ xảy ra trong tơng lai gần có dự định trớc (thờng trong câu không có tr¹ng tõ chØ thêi gian) eg. They are going to repaint the school . - DiÔn t¶ sù tiªn ®o¸n, sù kiÖn ch¾c ch¾n x¶y ra ë t¬ng lai v× cã dÊu hiÖu hay chøng cø ë hiÖn t¹i . - eg. Tom’s a good student. He’s going to pass the final exam. Look at those clouds. It’s going to rain. X. The future continuous tense (Thì tương lai tiếp diễn) 1. Form: S + will / shall + Be + Ving. 2. Usage : - Diễn tả một hành động đang xảy ra tại một thời điểm xác định trong tơng lai . eg. I will be watching T.V at 8p.m tonight. - Diễn tả một hành động đang xảy ra ở tơng lai thì có một hành động khác xảy ra. eg. I’ll be cooking when my mother return this evening. SO SAÙNH THÌ SIMPLE FUTURE VAØ THÌ FUTURE CONTINUOUS + Thì Simple Future (Tương Lai Đơn) diễn tả một hành động sẽ xảy ra (có hoặc không có thời gian xác định ở tương lai); còn thì Future Continuous (Tương Lai Tiếp Diễn) diễn tả một hành động liên tiến tại điểm thời gian xác định ở tương lai. - He will go to the stadium next Sunday. - We will / shall have the final test. Haõy so saùnh : - I will eat breakfast at 6 o’clock tomorrow. - I will be eating breakfast at 6 o’clock tomorrow. + Trong các mệnh đề trạng từ chỉ thời gian (adverb clause of time) hay mệnh đề điều kiện (adverb clause of condition), thì Simple Present được dùng để thay thế cho thì Simple Future. - I shall not go until I see him. - If he comes tomorrow, he will do it. + CHÚ Ý: WILL còn được dùng cho tất cả các ngôi. XI. The future perfect tense (Thì tương lai hoàn thành).

(7) 1. Form : S + will + have + V(ed,3). 2. Usage : - Diễn tả một hành động sẽ hoàn tất vào một thời điểm cho trớc ở tơng lai. Thờng dïng c¸c côm tõ chØ thêi gian nh : By (+ mèc thêi gian ), By the time, By then. eg. We’ll have finished our lesson by 11 o’clock. When you come back, I’ll have had lunch. XII. The future perfect continuous tense (Thì tương lai hoàn thành tiếp diễn) 1. Form: S + will + have been + Ving . 2. Usage : - Diễn tả một hành động bắt đầu từ quá khứ và kéo dài đến một thời điểm cho trớc ở tơng lai. Thờng dùng các cụm từ chỉ thời gian nh : By...........for (+ kho¶ng thêi gian), By the time , By then. eg. By May, they’ll have been living in this house for 15 years. SO SÁNH THÌ FUTURE PERFECT VÀ THÌ FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS + Thì Future Perfect (Tương Lai Hoàn Thành) được dùng để chỉ một hành động sẽ hoàn thành trước một hành động khác trong tương lai hay một điểm thời gian ở tương lai. - The taxi will have arrived by the time you finish dressing. - By next Christmas, he will have lived in Dalat for 5 years. + Để nhấn mạnh tính liên tục của hành động, chúng ta dùng thì Future Perfect Continuous (Tương Lai Hoàn Thành Tiếp Diễn). - By the time you receive this letter, we shall have been travelling through Russia. - By next June, they will have been working in this factory for 12 years. * Sequence of tenses: (Sù phèi hîp vÒ th× ) Trong câu có hai mệnh đề trở lên, các động từ phải có sự phối hợp về thì. Sự phối hợp của các động từ trong mệnh đề chính (main clause) và mệnh đề phụ (subordinate clause) nh sau : Main clause Subordinate clause - Simple present 1. Simple present - Present perfect - Present continuous - Simple future/ Near future - Simple past (nếu thòi gian xác định ở q/khứ) - Simple past 2. Simple past - Past perfect - Past continuous - Would/ was ,were+ going to + V bare infi. - Simple present (nÕu diÔn t¶ mét ch©n lý) - Simple present 3. Present perfect - Simple past 4. Past perfect eg. Marry says she’ll come here next Sunday. People have said that London has fog. Sự phối hợp của các động từ trong mệnh đề chính và mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian nh sau: Main clause Adverbial clause of time - Present tenses 1. Present tenses - Past tenses 2. Past tenses - Present tenses 3. Future tenses + Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian thờng đợc bắt đầu với các từ nối sau: - when: - until: - whenever : - just as :ngay khi - as: - since: - while: - no sooner ......than: ngay khi - before: - hardly.......when: khã.......khi - after: - as long as: chừng nào, cho đến khi - as soon as: - till:.

(8) eg. You will go home as soon as you have finished your exercises. When I came there, it was raining hard. I often drink coffee while I am watching T.V. + Note:- Không đợc dùng thì tơng lai (Future tenses) trong các mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian (có thể thay b»ng th× hiÖn t¹i). eg. If it rains tomorrow, We’ll stay at home. - Trong trêng hîp dïng tõ nèi Since lu ý: S +V (present perfect/ present perfect cont.) + Since + S + Ved. eg. You have been studying English since you came here. SỰ HOÀ HỢP GIỮA CHỦ NGỮ VÀ ĐỘNG TỪ Theo luật chung một động từ bao giờ cũng hòa hợp với chủ ng÷ của no ù- tức là – nếu chủ ngữ số ít thì động từ theo sau cũng ở số ít và ngược lại nếu chủ ngữ số nhiều thì theo sau là động số nhiều. Tuy nhieân, ta haõy chuù yù 10 luaät ñaëc bieät sau: [1]: Hai hay nhiều chủ ngữ số ít đựơc nối bởi liên từ AND thì đòi hỏi một động từ số nhiều - The boy and the girl love their parents dearly. - Tom and Mary were late yesterday. Tuy nhiên, nếu hai chđ từ này diễn tả một người, một vật hay một ý tưởng chung thì động từ vẫn ở số ít. - Bread and butter is my daily breakfast. - To love and to be loved is the greatest happiness in life. [2] : Hai chủ ng÷ được nối với nhau bằng AND mà trước chủ ngữ đầu có EACH, EVERY, MANY A, NO thì động từ phải ở số ít. - Each boy and girl has a textbook. - No teacher and student is present. [3] : Khi hai chủ ngữ ø được nối bởi OR, EITHER… OR, NEITHER…NOR…thì động từ hoà hợp cùng với chủ ng÷ gần nó nhất - He or you are the best student in this class. - Neither Jack nor I am willing to do that. [4] : Khi hai chủ ngữ đươcï nối bởi AS WELL AS, NO LESS THAN, WITH, TOGETHER WITH, ALONG WITH thì động từ hòa hợp với chủ ngữ 1. - John, as well as you, is responsible for this act. - Tom, with his friends, is in the car. [5] : Một danh từ tập hợp (collective noun) cần 1 động từ số nhiều khi ta ngụ ý nói tới từng cá nhân tạo nên tập hợp ấy, nhưng động từ vẫn là số ít nếu ta ngụ ý nói chung chung coi cả tập hợp như một đơn vị - The family of this dead soldier is noble. - The family go to the movies every Sunday morning. [6] : Khi chủ ng÷ là danh từ có hình thức là số nhiều nhưng nghĩa lại là số ít thì động từ chia ở số ít. - No news is good news. - Physics is more difficult than chemistry. Các danh từ thường gặp như: news, physics, mathematics, politics, gymnastics, phonetics, measles, mumps, rickets, the United States, the Philippines… [7] : Khi chủ ngữ là danh từ chỉ trọng lượng, đo lường, giá cả hay giá tiền thì được coi là số ít, động từ theo sau cũng ở số ít. - Ten thousand dollars is a big sum of money. - Five hundred miles is a long distance. [8] : Khi chủ ngữ là đại từ bất định như : everyone, something, nobody,…thì động từ theo sau phải ở số ít - Nobody has opened the door. - Is everyone present ?.

(9) [9] : Trong câu bắt đầu bằng THERE thì động từ hòa hợp với chủ từ theo sau nó. - There stands a pagoda facing the little lake. - There were a lot of people at the meeting. [10] : Động từ có chủ từ là đại từ quan hệ thì phải hoà hợp cùng ngôi và số với tiền vị từ của đại từ ấy. - He works for the factory which makes cars. - The man who is living near my house teaches us English. REPORTED SPEECH: * Câu gián tiếp là câu dùng để thuật lại nội dung lời nói trực tiếp. * Cách thay đổi chung khi chuyển từ câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp. 1. Thay đổi về thì trong câu: C©u trùc tiÕp C©u gi¸n tiÕp Simple Past Simple present Past progressive Present progressive Past perfect Present perfect Past perfect progressive Present perfect progressive Past perfect Simple Past Past perfect progressive Past progressive Future in the past Simple Future Future progressive in the past Future progressive 2. Thay đổi về đại từ nhân xng, đại từ sở hữu và tính từ sở hữu: - I -> he/ she, we -> they - mine -> his /her , our -> their - Me -> him/her, us -> them - myself -> himself /herself, ourselves ->themselves - My -> his /her, our -> their 1. Thay đổi về các nhóm từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn: Nhãm tõ trong c©u trùc tiÕp Nhãm tõ trong c©u gi¸n tiÕp that day today the day before yesterday that night tonight the following day/ the next day tomorrow that month this moth the moth before / the perious month last month the month after / the following month next month there here then now before ago that this those these * Cách thay đổi cụ thể cho từng loại câu trong lời nói gián tiếp I. C©u trÇn thuËt: (statement) S + said/ told + ( O ) (that) + clause* *Clause : thay đổi thì, đại từ, cụm từ chỉ thời gian, nơi chốn Vd: ‘We will have a test tomorrow’, My teacher said. -> My teacher said (that) they would have a test the next day. II. C©u hái: (questions)  Câu hỏi đảo ( yes/ no question) S + asked + ( O ) + if / whether + clause* * Clause: trật tự từ trở về dạng câu trần thuật, thay đổi về thì, đại từ, từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn cho phù hợp với v¨n c¶nh lêi nãi.  Câu hỏi có từ để hỏi: (wh - question) S + asked + (O) + wh - word + clause* * Clause: trật tự từ trở về dạng câu trần thuật, thay đổi về thì, đại từ, từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn cho phù hợp với v¨n c¶nh lêi nãi. III. Dạng mệnh lệnh thức / câu ra lệnh , đề nghị: (command/ requests) - Dạng khẳng định: S + động từ tờng thuật + O + to infinitive - Dạng phủ định: S + động từ tờng thuật + O + not + to infinitive Đéng tõ têng thuËt : told, asked, advised, persuded, taught, directed, begged, encourage....... IV. Danh động từ trong lời nói gián tiếp: - Khi lời nói gián tiếp là lời đề nghị, chúc mừng, cảm ơn, xin lỗi,....động từ tờng thuật cùng với danh động từ theo sau nó thờng dùng để truyền tải nội dung lời nói trên.  Động từ tờng thuật + (O) + giới từ + danh động từ (V-ing).........

(10) * §éng tõ têng thuËt : thank sb for, accuse sb of, congratulate sb on, dream of, object to, apologize sb for, insist on, complain about.........  Động từ tờng thuật + danh động từ( V-ing)....... * §éng tõ têng thuËt: deny, admit, suggest, regret...........  Danh động từ tờng thuật thờng đi theo động từ tờng thuật SUGGEST trong các mẫu câu đề nghị sau:  Why don’t you/ Why not / How about -> suggest + sb + V-ing  Let’s / Let’s not -> suggest + V-ing/ suggest + not+ V-ing  Shall we/ It’s a good idea -> suggest + V-ing. V. §éng tõ nguyªn mÉu trong lêi nãi gi¸n tiÕp - Khi lời nói gián tiếp là lời đề nghị, mệnh lệnh, ý định, lời hứa, lời yêu cầu,...động từ tờng thuật cùng với động từ nguyên mẫu theo sau thờng dùng để truyền tải nội dung lời nói trên.  Động từ tờng thuật + tân ngữ + động từ nguyên mẫu (to-infinitive) *§éng tõ têng thuËt: ask, advise, command, invite, order, recommand, encourage, urge, warn, want...  Động từ tờng thuật + động từ nguyên mẫu (to-infinitive) *§éng tõ têng thuËt:agree, demand, hope, promise, threaten, offer, refuse, decide...  Would you/ Could you / Will you/ Can you -> asked+ sb + to + V  Would you mind + V-ing /Do you mind + V-ing -> asked + sb + to +V  Would you like/ Will you -> invited + sb + to + V  Had better/ If I were you/ why don’t you -> advised + sb + to + V VI. C©u ®iÒu kiÖn trong lêi nãi gi¸n tiÕp - Nếu trong lời nói gián tiếp có câu điều kiện, thì chỉ có câu điều kiện loại một là thay đổi về thì, hai câu điều kiện còn lại vẫn giữ nguyên hình thức động từ. PASSIVE VOICE: Structure : Active: S + V + Obj. Passive: S + Be + Vpp +( by Obj) Công thức :  S + Be (am, is, are, was, were) + V pp (by Obj).  S + Be (am, is, are, was, were) + Being + Vpp (by Obj).  S + have/ has + been + Vpp ( by Obj).  S + had been + Vpp ( by Obj).  S + will/ shall + Be + Vpp ( by Obj).  S + Be (am, is, are) + going to + Be + Vpp(by Obj).  S + will/ shall + have been Vpp (by Obj). Modal verbs:  S + can / may/ must / ought to / should / could.........+ Be + PII.  S + modal verbs + have been + PII (d¹ng hoµn thµnh) * Notes: + Ta cã thÓ bá: by me, by him, by her, by it, by us, by you, by them, by someone, by people trong câu bị động nếu không muốn nêu rõ tác nhân hoặc thấy không quan trọng. + Nếu câu chủ động có các trạng từ (ngữ) chỉ nơi chốn thì đặt chúng trớc “by + tân ngữ bị động”. eg. The police found him in the forest - He was found in the forest by the police. + Nếu câu chủ động có các trạng từ (ngữ) chỉ thời gian thì đặt chúng sau “ by + tân ngữ bị động” eg. They are going to buy a car tomorrow. A car is going to be bought by them tomorow. + Nếu tân ngữ trong câu bị động chỉ sự vật, sự việc thì ta dùng giới từ ‘with’ thay ‘by’ trớc tân ngữ ấy. eg. The bottle is filled with ink./ The bowl is fill with sugar. + Nếu động từ chủ động có hai tân ngữ thì một trong hai tân ngữ có thể dùng làm chủ ngữ trong câu bị động (nhng chủ ngữ về ngời đợc sử dụng nhiều hơn) eg. I am writing her a letter. She is being written a letter. A letter is being written to her - Các động từ : ask, tell, give, send, show, teach, pay, offer thờng có hai tân ngữ. Một số dạng bị động khác : 1. D¹ng nhê b¶o : HAVE, GET. Active: S + HAVE + Obj +V (person) + V -> Passive: S + HAVE + Obj (thing) + PII + (by Obj(person) eg. I have her cut my hair yesterday. -> I had my hair cut yesterday. Active: S + GET + Obj (person) + To V + Obj (thing)..

(11) ->Passive: S + GET +Obj (thing) + PII + by Obj (person). eg. I get him to make some coffee -> I get some coffee made. 2. §éng tõ chØ gi¸c quan: see, watch, hear......... Active: S + Verbs +Obj + bare inf/ V ing. -> Passive: S + Be + PII + to inf/ V ing. eg. I saw her come in ->She was seen to come in. 3. §éng tõ chØ vÒ ý kiÕn: say, think, know, believe, hope, consider, tell.................... Active: S + V1 + that + Clause (S2 +V2 +Obj2) -> Passive: ->It + be + V1 (PII ) + that + Clause (S2+V2+O2). -> S2 + be + V1 (PII) {+ to inf {+ to have PII . Eg 1 . People say that he is a famous doctor ->It’s said that he is a famous doctor. ->He’s said to be a famous doctor. Eg 2: They thought that Marry has gone away. ->It was thought that Marry had gone away. ->Marry was thought to have gone away. 4. C©u mÖnh lÖnh: a. Verb + Obj + Adjunc -> Let + Obj + be + Vpp + Adjunct. eg. Close the door, please. -> Let the door be closed, please. b. S + let + sb + do + st. eg. He let me go out. _I was let to go out / I was allowed to go out. 5. Bị động của động từ Need, Make a. Need: - The floor is dirty. It needs to be swept/ cleaned. or: The floor is dirty. It needs sweeping/ cleaning. b. Make: - The story makes me laugh -> I am made to laugh - They made her work hard -> She was made to work hard. *Note : NEED TO BE PII = NEED DOING MAKE SMB DO SMT or TO BE MADE TO DO SMT CONDITIONAL SENTENCES. A. Grammar: Câu điều kiện có hai mệnh đề: MĐ phụ (hay MĐ điều kiện) bắt đầu bằng If, và MĐ chÝnh (nªu lªn kÕt qu¶). - Cã 3 lo¹i c©u §K : 1. Real conditional sentences (Type 1). a. Future possible (cã thÓ x¶y ra ë hiÖn t¹i hoÆc t¬ng lai). If + S + V (simple present) + S + will/ can/ may/ must...+ V inf. eg. If I have time, I will visit you. b. Habitual ( thãi quen). If + S + V (simple present) + S + V (simple present). eg. Ann usually walks to school if she has enough time. c. Command (c©u mÖnh lÖnh, yªu cÇu). If + S + V (simple present) + command form. eg. Please buy me some fruits if you go to market..

(12) 2. Present unreal conditional sentences (Type 2). If + S + V (simple past) + S + would/ should/ could/ might + V inf. (Trong M§ phô nÕu cã’To be’th× dïng ‘Were’ cho tÊt c¶ c¸c ng«i). eg. If today were Saturday, I could go to the beach. If I had time, I would write you a letter. 3. Past unreal conditional sentences (Type 3). If + S + V (past perfect) + S + would/ could/ might + have + PII. eg. If I hadn’t lost my way, I would have arrived sooner. Note:- Có thể dùng đảo ngữ trong câu ĐK loại 2 có ‘Were’ và câu ĐK loại 3 để nhấn mạnh eg. If I were younger, I would play tennis. - Were I younger, I would play tennis. If he had studied hard, he would have passed his exam. - Had he studied hard, he would have passed his exam. - Unless: Trong M§ ®iÒu kiÖn , ta cã thÓ thay liªn tõ If b»ng Unless(nÕu kh«ng, trõ phi). Unless = If........not .......... eg. If you don’t study hard, you will fail in the exam. =Unless you study hard, you will fail in the exam.  Khi ta đổi If sang Unless, nếu MĐ If ở thể khẳng định không đợc đổi sang thể phủ định khi dùng Unless mà phải đổi MĐ chính sang thể ngợc lại. eg. If we had more rain, our crops would grow faster. =Unless we had more rain, our crops wouldn’t grow faster. - Provided (that) / providing (that), On condition (that) (víi ®iÒu kiÖn lµ), As long as, so long as (miÔn lµ, víi ®iÒu kiÖn lµ), Suppose, supposing (gi¶ sö nh), In case (trong trêng hîp), Even if (ngay c¶ khi, dï cho.... dùng để chỉ sự tơng phản hay nhấn mạnh), ......... có thể dùng thay cho If trong câu điều kiện. eg. Supposing it rains, what will you do ? I’ll accept your invitation provided you go with me. Even if he goes to bed early, he always wakes up late . 4. When (khi): khi hành động chắc chắn xảy ra hơn. eg. I’ll phone you when I go to bed tonight. 5. As if and As though: Cø nh thÕ, nh lµ * Chỉ hành động có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại: S + V ( present) + As if/ As though + S + V (present). * Chỉ hành động hay sự kiện không có thật ở hiện tại: S + V (present) As if/ As though + S + V (past). eg. He acts as though he were rich. The girl dresses as if it were summer even in the winter. * Chỉ hành động hay sự kiện không có thật ở quá khứ. S + V (past) + As if/ As though + S + V (past perfect). eg. She looked as if she had seen a ghost. 6. But for (nÕu kh«ng v×, nÕu kh«ng cã) eg. But for the storm, we should have arrived earlier. 7. Without (kh«ng cã): eg. Without his books, he would know nothing. 8. MÖnh lÖnh c¸ch + and : Do that again and I’ll call a policeman. (= If you do..) 9. Clauses after Wish, If only: (ao íc, gi¸ mµ ). Sau Wish vµ If only thêng dïng mét M§ chØ mét ®iÒu ao íc, mét ®iÒu kh«ng thËt. Cã 3 M§ sau Wish vµ If only:.

(13) a. Future wish: S + wish + S + would/ could + V (bare inf) (If only) eg. I wish I would be an astronaut in the future. If only I would take the trip with you next Sunday. b. Present wish: S + wish + S + V past subjunctive = simple past. (V2; be - were). (If only) eg. I can’t swim. I wish I could swim Marry isn’t here. I wish she were here. =If only Marry were here. c. Past wish: S + wish + S + past perfect/ could have + PII. ( If only) eg. She wishes she had had enough money to buy the house. (She hadn’t have enough money to buy the house). If only I had met her yesterday.(I didn’t meet her). NOUN CLAUSES AND RELATIVE CLAUSES. I. Noun clauses: - Là một mệnh đề phụ làm công việc của một danh từ. - Noun clause: đợc nối với mệnh đề chính bởi các từ nối: That, who, what, which, where, when, how, whether. - Khi dùng các từ nối trên, động từ trong MĐ danh ngữ chia ở thể xác định, không chia ở thể nghi vấn. 1. Noun clause lµm chñ ng÷ trong c©u: eg. What he said was not true. 2. Noun clause lµm t©n ng÷ trong c©u: eg. I’ll tell you when he comes. I didn’t believe what he said. 3. Noun clause lµm bæ ng÷ trong c©u: eg. Money is what she needs. 4. Noun clause lµm t©n ng÷ cho giíi tõ. II. Relative clauses: - Còn đợc gọi là Adj clause (MĐ tính ngữ) vì nó là MĐ phụ đợc dùng để bổ nghĩa cho danh từ đứng trớc nó. - MĐQH đợc nối với MĐ chính bởi các đại từ quan hệ Who, Whom, Which, Whose, That hoặc các trạng từ quan hÖ When, Where, Why. - Vị trí : MĐQH đứng ngay sau danh từ mà nó bổ nghĩa. * The uses: 1. Who: - là một ĐTQH chỉ ngời, đứng sau danh từ chỉ ngời làm chủ ngữ cho động từ đứng sau nó. eg. This is the man. He is my teacher. This is the man who is my teacher The man is my brother. He is standing overthere.- The man who is standing overthere is... 2. Whom: - là một ĐTQH chỉ ngời, đứng sau danh từ chỉ ngời làm tân ngữ cho động từ đứng sau nó. eg. The woman is my aunt. You saw her yesterday. - The woman whom you saw yesterday is my aunt. - Whom : có thể đợc bỏ. - The woman you saw yesterday is my aunt. 3. Which: là một ĐTQH chỉ vật, đứng sau danh từ chỉ vật làm chủ ngữ hoặc tân ngữ cho động từ đứng sau nó. eg. The hat is mine. It’s on the table. - The hat which is on the table is mine. eg. This is the book. You gave it to me yesterday. - This is the book which you gave me yesterday. - Which : có thể đợc bỏ khi nó làm tân ngữ cho động từ sau nó. eg. This is the book you gave me yesterday. 4. That: - lµ §TQH chØ c¶ ngêi vµ vËt. - That có thể dùng thay cho Who, Whom, Which trong MĐQH xác định. eg. That is the car that he bought last month..

(14) 5. Whose: là một ĐTQH, đứng sau danh từ chỉ ngời và thay cho tính từ sở hữu trớc danh từ. Whose cũng đợc dïng cho vËt (=of which). Sau Whose lu«n lµ mét danh tõ. eg. The woman whose wallet was stolen yesterday is my sister. 6. When: là một trạng từ quan hệ chỉ thời gian, đứng sau danh từ chỉ thời gian. - When đợc dùng thay cho at / on / in + which ; then. eg. I’ll never forget the day when I met her. = on which That was the time when she saw the thief. = at which 7. Where: là một trạng từ quan hệ chỉ nơi chốn, đứng sau danh từ chỉ nơi chốn. Where đợc dùng thay cho at / on / in + which; there. eg. That is the house where we are living now. Your home town is a place where you were you born. 8. Why: - là một trạng từ quan hệ chỉ lý do, đứng sau tiền ngữ ‘ THE REASON’. - dïng thay cho ‘ FOR THE REASON’. eg. Please tell me the reason why you are so sad. = for which III. Ph©n lo¹i : cã 2 lo¹i relative clauses. 1. Definite clause: (MĐ xác định) - Là mệnh đề giúp ta nhận ra đặc điểm, tính chất đặc biệt của ngời hay vật đợc nói đến. Nếu ta bỏ chúng đi thì câu không đủ nghĩa hoặc không giữ đợc nghĩa gốc ban đầu. - Liền ngay trớc và sau mệnh đề không có dấu phẩy. - That cã thÓ thay cho who vµ which trong m® lo¹i nµy. eg. -The man is my teacher He’s standing overthere. The man who(that) is standing overthere is my teacher. - The book is very interesting. I bought it yesterday. The book which(that) I bought yesterday is very interesting. 2. Non-defining clause: (MĐ không xác định) - MĐ này chỉ giải thích thêm danh từ đứng trớc nó và có thể bỏ đi mà nghĩa của câu không thay đổi. - LiÒn ngay tríc vµ sau m® cã dÊu phÈy. - That không đợc sử dụng trong câu có mđ loại này. eg. This hat, which my sister gave me on my birthday , is expensive. IV. Trờng hợp động từ của MĐQH có giới từ (chỉ dùng với who và which) - Ta đặt giới từ trớc MĐQH( trớc who, which). - Ta cũng có thể bỏ whom hoặc which và đặt giới từ ra sau động từ của MĐQH (chỉ áp dụng với MĐ xác định). - Khi dùng that, ta không đợc chuyển giới từ lên trớc mà vẫn phải để sau động từ. eg. The man is Mr. Nam. Hoa is talking to him. The man to whom Hoa is talking is Mr. Nam. The man Hoa is talking to is Mr. Nam. The man that Hoa is talking to is Mr. Nam. - Nếu giới từ là thành phần của động từ kép thì ta không chuyển chúng ra trớc whom, which. eg. This is the book which I’m looking for. - Nếu chủ ngữ của câu là các đại từ bất định thì ta chỉ dùng That là đại từ quan hệ. eg. Everything that she said yesterday was not correct. V. D¹ng rót gän cña M§QH: 1. MĐQH có thể đợc rút gọn bằng cách dùng hiện tại phân từ và quá khứ phân từ..

(15) a. Nếu động từ trong MĐQH ở thể chủ động, ta dùng hiện tại phân từ thay cho mệnh đề đó (bỏ đại từ quan hệ và trợ động từ, đa động từ chính về nguyên dạng và thêm -ing) eg. The girl sitting next to you is my sister. Do you know the man breaking the window last night? b. Nếu động từ trong MĐQH ở thể bị động ta dùng quá khứ phân từ thay cho mệnh đề đó (bỏ đại từ quan hệ và trợ động từ, bắt đầu cụm từ bằng Vpp). eg. The books written by To Hoai are interesting. 2. MĐQH có thể đợc rút gọn bằng cách dùng‘TO- INF, or INF.PHRASE (for+O+to inf) eg. - English is an important language which we have to master. English is an important language to master. - Here is a form that you must fill in. Here is a form for you to fill in.  (Khi một MĐ tính ngữ mà trớc nó là một MĐ thì đó là MĐ không xác định). ALTHOUGH / IN SPITE OF; BECAUSE / BEACAUSE OF I. Mệnh đề trạng từ chỉ sự tơng phản: Although/ even though/ though + Clause = despite/ in spite of + N / noun phrase / ving phrase = despite/ in spite of the fact that + Clause. Vd: Although/ even though/ though he had enough money, he refused to buy a new car. -> Despite/ in spite of having enough money, he refused to buy a new car. -> Despite/ in spite of the fact that he had enough money, he refused to buy a new car. II. Mệnh đề trạng từ chỉ nguyên nhân: Because + clause = because of + N / noun phrase / ving phrase Vd: He didn’t go to school because he was ill.  He didn’t go to school because of his illness. PREPOSITIONS AND ARTICLES I. Prepositions - Giới từ là từ dùng để chỉ mối quan hệ giữa danh từ hoặc đại từ với một từ khác trong câu. - Giới từ luôn đi trớc một danh từ hoặc đại từ và các danh từ hoặc đại từ đó gọi là tân ngữ của giới từ. - §¹i tõ n»m sau giíi tõ lu«n ph¶i ë h×nh thøc t©n ng÷: him, her...... - Động từ đứng sau giới từ luôn ở hình thức Danh động từ (Ving) A. Prepositions used for Time and for Places. 1. AT: a. For time: - at 4 o’clock, at 5 pm - at last/ first - at night/ noon/ midnight - at the moment - at Christmas, at Easter - at present - at once - at weekends - at the age of - at the same time - at sunset/ sunrise b. For places: - at home/ school/ work - at the theatre - at the seaside - at the corner of the street - at the grocer’ - at the doctor’s - at the shop - at the top - at the bottom - at the biginning of/ at the end of: vµo lóc ®Çu/ cuèi - (To arrive) at the airport/ rainway station. 2. IN: a. For time: - In đợc dùng trớc năm, tháng, mùa, buổi (trừ at night, at noon).. - at the foot of the page.

(16) eg. in 1990, in August, in Spring, in the morning. - In time: đúng giờ. b. For places: - In: ë trong in the living room/ in the box. - In đợc dùng trớc các thành phố, đất nớc, miền, phơng hớng: in London, in Hanoi, in France, in the east ........ - in the street/ sky - in my opinion - in good/ bad weather - in the newspaper - in the middle of - in English/ German - in the rain/ sun - in the dark - in + time (in 2 days) - in the water/ river/ sea - in a line/ queue - in a picture/ mirror/ photo - in bed/ hospital/ prison - in the end: (cuèi cïng) - in love with 3. ON. a. For time: - On đợc dùng trớc thứ (ngày trong tuần) eg. on Sunday - On đợc dùng trớc ngày tháng eg. on August 12th - On time : đúng giờ (chính xác) - On Christmas day - On holiday/ on a trip/ on a tour - On the occasion of: nh©n dÞp b. For places: - On : ë trªn eg. on the table - on the phone - On horseback: trªn lng ngùa - on a diet - On foot : b»ng ch©n (®i bé) - on fire - On TV / on radio - on the left/ right - On the beach - on the 1st floor 4. BY. - By đợc dùng trong câu bị động nghĩa là ‘bởi’. - By đợc dùng để chỉ phơng tiện đi lại (by bike, by car.....) - By the time : tríc khi - By chance : t×nh cê - Learn by heart: häc thuéc lßng 5. TO: - TO thờng đợc dùng sau động từ GO (go to the cinema..... nhng GO HOME). - TO thờng đợc dùng để chỉ sự di chuyển : My father takes me to the cinema. Marry invited me to her birthday party. 6. INTO: - INTO có nghĩa là vào trong, đợc dùng sau các động từ : GO, PUT, GET, FALL (rơi ngã), JUMP (nhảy), COME ...... eg. go into the room, get into the train, put the pen into the bag, fall into the river, jump into the river and swim, come into the house..... - INTO còn đợc dùng để chỉ sự thay đổi của điều kiện hoặc kết quả: The rain changed into snow. 7. OUT OF: ra khái. eg. He came out of the house./ He is looking out of the window. 8. WITH: - With: cã nghÜa lµ cã, mang, cïng: eg. A girl with blue eyes./ a coat with two pockets. - With: đợc dùng để chỉ một công cụ, phơng tiện. He’s writing with a pen - With: đợc dùng để chỉ sự liên hệ hoặc đồng hành, có nghĩa ‘ cùng với’ I’m living with my parents..

(17) - With: cßn cã nghÜa lµ ‘víi’ Do you agree with me? 9. UNDER: - Under: có nghĩa là ở dới, để chỉ vị trí phía dới một vật. eg. The cat is under the table. - Under cßn cã nghÜa lµ Ýt h¬n, thÊp h¬n. eg. Children under fourteen years of age shouldn’t see such a film. B. Prepositions following Adjectives: 1. OF: - ashamed of: xÊu hæ vÒ - hopeful of: hy väng - afraid of: sî, e ng¹i - independent of: độc lập - ahead of: tríc - proud of: tù hµo - aware of: nhËn thøc - jealous of: ghen tþ víi - capable of: cã kh¶ n¨ng - guilty of: ph¹m téi (vÒ), cã téi - confident of :tin tëng - sick of: ch¸n n¶n vÒ - doubtful of: nghi ngê - joyful of: vui mõng vÒ - fond of: thÝch - quick of: nhanh chãng vÒ - full of: ®Çy 2. TO: - acceptable to: cã thÓ chÊp nhËn - likely to: cã thÓ - accustomed to: quen víi - lucky to: may m¾n - agreeable to: có thể đồng ý - next to: kÕ bªn - addicted to: ®am mª - open to: më - delightful to sb: thú vị đối với ai - pleasant to: hµi lßng - familiar to sb: quen thuộc đối với ai - preferable to: đáng thích hơn - clear to: râ rµng - profitable to: cã lîi - contrary to: trái lại, đối lập - rude to: th« lç, céc c»n - equal to: tơng đơng với, bằng - similar to: gièng, t¬ng tù - favourable to: t¸n thµnh, ñng hé - useful to sb: cã Ých cho ai - grateful to smb: biÕt ¬n ai - necessary to st/ sb: cÇn thiÕt cho ai/c¸i g× - harmful to sb/ for st: cã h¹i cho ai/ c¸i g× - available to sb/ for smt: s½n cho ai/ c¸i g× - important to: quan träng - responsible to sb: cã t/n víi ai 3. FOR: - difficult for: khã - sorry for: xin lçi - late for: trÔ - qualified for: cã phÈm chÊt - dangerous for: nguy hiÓm - helpful/ useful for: cã lîi/ cã Ých - famous for: næi tiÕng - good for: tèt cho - greedy for: tham lam - grateful for st: biÕt ¬n vÒ viÖc - necessary for: cÇn thiÕt - convenient for: thuËn lîi cho - perfect for: hoµn h¶o - ready for st: s½n sµng cho viÖc g× - suitable for: thÝch hîp - responsible for st: chÞu t/ n vÒ viÖc g× 4. AT: - good at: giái (vÒ....) - excellent at: xuÊt s¾c vÒ - bad at: dë (vÒ.....) - present at: hiÖn diÖn - clever at: khÐo lÐo, th«ng minh vÒ - surprised at: ng¹c nhiªn - skillful at: khÐo lÐo, cã kü n¨ng vÒ - angry at st: giËn vÒ ®iÒu g× - quick at: nhanh - clumsy at: vông vÒ - amazed at: ng¹c nhiªn - annoy at st: khã chÞu vÒ ®iÒu g× - amused at: vui vÒ 5. WITH: - delighted with: vui mõng víi - busy with: bËn - aquainted with: lµm quen (víi ai...) - familiar with: quen thuéc - crowded with: đông đúc - furious with: phÉn né - angry with: giËn d÷ - pleased with: hµi lßnh - friendly with: th©n mËt - popular with: phæ biÕn - bored with: ch¸n - satisfied with: tháa m·n víi - fed up with: ch¸n - contrasted with: t¬ng ph¶n víi 6. ABOUT: - confused about: bèi rèi (vÒ...) - serious about: nghiªm tóc - excited about: hµo høng - upset about: thÊt väng - happy about: vui, h¹nh phóc - worried about: lo l¾ng - sad about: buån - anxious about: lo l¾ng - disappointed about st: thÊt väng vÒ c¸i g× 7. IN:.

(18) - interested in: thÝch, quan t©m vÒ.... - successful in: thµnh c«ng vÒ.... - rich in: giµu vÒ...... - confident in sb: tin cËy vµo ai 8. FROM: - isolated from: bÞ c« lËp - far from: xa - absent from: v¾ng mÆt (khái......) - safe from: an toµn - different from: kh¸c - divorced from: ly dÞ, lµm xa rêi 9. ON: - keen on: h¨ng h¸i vÒ..... 10. Notes: - be tired of: ch¸n eg. I’m tired of doing the same work every day. - be tired from: mÖt v×..... eg. I’m tired from walking for a long time. - be grateful to smb for smt: biết ơn ai về vấn đề gì eg. I’m grateful to you for your help. - be responsible to smb for smt: chÞu tr¸ch nhiÖm víi ai vÒ viÖc g×. eg. You have to be responsible to me for your actions. - good/ bad for: tèt/ xÊu cho......, good/ bad at: giái/ dë vÒ........ eg. Milk is good for your health. / She is bad at mathematics. C. Prepositions following verbs/ two-word verbs. - apologize sb for st: xin lçi ai vÒ viÖc g× - admire sb of st: kh©m phôc ai vÒ viÖc g× - belong to sb: thuéc vÒ ai - accuse sb of st: tè c¸o ai vÒ viÖc g× - blame sb for st: đổ lỗi cho ai về việc gì - differ from: kh¸c víi - introduce to sb:giíi thiÖu víi ai - give up: tõ bá - look at: nh×n vµo - look after: tr«ng nom, ch¨m sãc - look for: t×m kiÕm - look up: tra tõ. (trong tõ ®iÓn) - look forward to: mong đợi - put on: mang vµo, mÆc vµo - put off: ho·n l¹i - stand for: tîng trng - call off: hñy bá, ho·n - object to sb/ Ving: phản đối ai/ việc gì - infer from: suy ra tõ - congratulate sb on st: chóc mõng ai vÒ viÖc g×. II. Articles MẠO TỪ. - approve of st to sb: đồng ý về việc gì với ai - participate in: tham gia - succeed in: thµnh c«ng vÒ - prevent sb from: ng¨n ai khái ..... - provide with: cung cÊp - agree with: đồng ý với - beg for st: xin, van nµi cho - borrow st from sb: mîn c¸i g× cña ai - depend on/ rely on: dùa vµo, phô thuéc vµo - die of (a disease): chÕt v×.... - join in: tham gia vµo - escape from: tho¸t khái - insist on: kh¨ng kh¨ng - change into, turn into: hãa ra - wait for sb: chê ai - arrive at (station, bus stop, airport.....) đến các địa điểm nhỏ - arrive in (London, Paris, England.....) đến thành phố hay đất nớc..... A, An, The: Mạo tõ a (an) vµ the. 1. a vΜ an: an - đợc dùng: - Trớc 1 danh từ số ít đếm đợc bắt đầu bằng 4 nguyên âm (vowel) a, e, i, o - Hai b¸n nguyªn ©m u, y - C¸c danh tõ b¾t ®Çu b»ng h c©m. vÝ dô: u : an uncle. h : an hour - Hoặc trớc các danh từ viết tắt đợc đọc nh 1 nguyên âm. VÝ dô: an L- plate, an SOS, an MP a - đợc dùng: - Tríc 1 danh tõ b¾t ®Çu b»ng phô ©m (consonant). - Dïng tríc mét danh tõ b¾t ®Çu b»ng uni : a university, a uniform, a universal, a union. - Trớc 1 danh từ số ít đếm đợc, trớc 1 danh từ không xác định cụ thể về mặt đặc điểm, tính chất, vị trí hoặc đợc nhắc đến lần đầu trong câu. - đợc dùng trong các thành ngữ chỉ số lợng nhất định..

(19) VÝ dô : a lot of, a couple, a dozen, a great many, a great deal of. - Dùng trớc những số đếm nhất định, đặc biệt là chỉ hàng trăm, hàng ngàn. VÝ dô: a hundred, a thousand. - Trớc half khi nó theo sau 1 đơn vị nguyên vẹn. Ví dụ: a kilo and a half và cũng có thể đọc là one and a half kilos. Chó ý: 1/2 kg = half a kilo (kh«ng cã a tríc half). - Dïng tríc half khi nã ®i víi 1 danh tõ kh¸c t¹o thµnh tõ ghÐp. VÝ dô : a half-holiday nöa kú nghØ, a half-share : nöa cæ phÇn. - Dïng tríc c¸c tû sè nh 1/3, 1 /4, 1/5, = a third, a quarter, a fifth hay one third, one fourth, one fifth . - Dùng trong các thành ngữ chỉ giá cả, tốc độ, tỷ lệ. VÝ dô: five dolars a kilo; four times a day. - Dùng trong các thành ngữ trớc các danh từ số ít đếm đợc, dùng trong câu cảm thán. VÝ dô: Such a long queue! What a pretty girl! Nhng: such long queues! What pretty girls. - a có thể đợc đặt trớc Mr/Mrs/Miss + tên họ (surname): VÝ dô: a Mr Smith, a Mrs Smith, a Miss Smith. a Mr Smith nghĩa là ‘ ngời đàn ông đợc gọi là Smith’ và ngụ ý là ông ta là ngời lạ đối với ngời nói. Còn nếu kh«ng cã a tøc lµ ngêi nãi biÕt «ng Smith. 2. The - Đợc sử dụng khi danh từ đợc xác định cụ thể về tính chất, đặc điểm, vị trí hoặc đợc nhắc đến lần thứ 2 trong c©u. - The + noun + preposition + noun. VÝ dô : the girl in blue; the man with a banner; the gulf of Mexico; the United States of America. - The + danh từ + đại từ quan hệ + mệnh đề phụ VÝ dô: the boy whom I met; the place where I met him. - Tríc 1 danh tõ ngô ý chØ mét vËt riªng biÖt. VÝ dô: She is in the garden. - The + tÝnh tõ so s¸nh bËc nhÊt hoÆc sè tõ thø tù hoÆc only way. VÝ dô : The first week; the only way. - The + dt số ít tợng trng cho một nhóm thú vật hoặc đồ vật thì có thể bỏ the và đổi danh từ sang số nhiều. VÝ dô: The whale = Whales, the shark = sharks, the deep-freeze = deep - freezes. Nhng đối với danh từ man (chỉ loài ngời) thì không có quán từ (a, the) đứng trớc. VÝ dô: if oil supplies run out, man may have to fall back on the horse. - The + danh từ số ít chỉ thành viên của một nhóm ngời nhất định. VÝ dô: the small shopkeeper is finding life increasingly difficult. - The + adj đại diện cho 1 lớp ngời, nó không có hình thái số nhiều nhng đợc coi là 1 danh từ số nhiều và động tõ.

(20) sau nó phải đợc chia ở ngôi thứ 3 số nhiều. VÝ dô: the old = ngêi giµ nãi chung; The disabled = nh÷ng ngêi tµn tËt; The unemployed = nh÷ng ngêi thÊt nghiÖp. - Dùng trớc tên các khu vực, vùng đã nổi tiếng về mặt địa lý hoặc lịch sử. VÝ dô: The Shahara. The Netherlands. The Atlantic. - The + East / West/ South/ North + noun. VÝ dô: the East/ West end / The North / South Pole. Nhng không đợc dùng the trớc các từ chỉ phơng hớng này, nếu nó đi kèm với tên của một khu vực địa lý. VÝ dô: South Africal, North Americal, West Germany. - The + tên các đồ hợp xớng, các dàn nhạc cổ điển, các ban nhạc phổ thông. VÝ dô: the Bach choir, the Philadenphia Orchestra, the Beatles. - The + tªn c¸c tê b¸o lín/ c¸c con tÇu biÓn/ khinh khÝ cÇu. VÝ dô: The Titanic, the Time, the Great Britain. - The + tên họ ở số nhiều có nghĩa là gia đình họ nhà ... Ví dụ: the Smiths = Mr and Mrs Smith (and their children) hay còn gọi là gia đình nhà Smith. - The + Tên ở số ít + cụm từ/ mệnh đề có thể đợc sử dụng để phân biệt ngời này với ngời khác cùng tên. VÝ dô: We have two Mr Smiths. Which do you want? I want the Mr Smith who signed this letter. - Kh«ng dïng the tríc 1 sè danh tõ nh Home, church, bed, court, hospital, prison, school, college, university khi nó đi với động từ và giới từ chỉ chuyển động (chỉ đi tới đó làm mục đích chính). VÝ dô: He is at home. I arrived home before dark. I sent him home. to bed (để ngủ) to church (để cầu nguyện) to court (để kiện tụng) to hospital (ch÷a bÖnh) to prison (®i tï) to school / college/ university (để học). We go T¬ng tù We can be. in bed at church in court in hospital at school/ college/ university. We can be / get back (hoÆc be/ get home) from school/ college/university. leave school leave hospital be released from prison. Với mục đích khác thì phải dùng the. We can. VÝ dô: I went to the church to see the stained glass. He goes to the prison sometimes to give lectures. Student go to the university for a class party.  Sea Go to sea (thñy thñ ®i biÓn).

(21) to be at the sea (hµnh kh¸ch/ thuû thñ ®i trªn biÓn) Go to the sea / be at the sea = to go to/ be at the seaside: ®i t¾m biÓn, nghØ m¸t. We can live by / near the sea.  Work and office. Work (nơi làm việc) đợc sử dụng không có the ở trớc. Go to work. nhng office l¹i ph¶i cã the. Go to the office. VÝ dô: He is at / in the office. NÕu to be in office (kh«ng cã the) nghÜa lµ ®ang gi÷ chøc. To be out of office - th«i gi÷ chøc.  Town The cã thÓ bá ®i khi nãi vÒ thÞ trÊn cña ngêi nãi hoÆc cña chñ thÓ. VÝ dô: We go to town sometimes to buy clothes. We were in town last Monday. Go to town / to be in town - Với mục đích chính là đi mua hàng. Bảng dùng the và không dùng the trong một số trờng hợp đặc biệt.. .  .  . . . Dïng the Trớc các đại dơng, sông ngòi, biển, vịnh và các hồ ë sè nhiÒu. VÝ dô: The Red sea, the Atlantic Ocean, the Persian Gulf, the Great Lakes. Tríc tªn c¸c d·y nói. VÝ dô: The Rockey Moutains Tríc tªn 1 vËt thÓ duy nhÊt trªn thÕ giíi hoÆc vò trô. VÝ dô: The earth, the moon, the Great Wall Tríc School/college/university + of + noun VÝ dô: The University of Florida. The college of Arts and Sciences. Tríc c¸c sè thø tù + noun. VÝ dô: The first world war. The third chapter. Tríc c¸c cuéc chiÕn tranh khu vùc víi ®iÒu kiÖn tên các khu vực đó phải đợc tính từ hoá. VÝ dô: The Korean war. Tríc tªn c¸c níc cã tõ 2 tõ trë lªn. Ngo¹i trõ Great Britain. VÝ dô: The United States, the United Kingdom, the Central Africal Republic. Trớc tên các nớc đợc coi là 1 quần đảo. VÝ dô: The Philipin..       .    . . Tríc c¸c tµi liÖu hoÆc sù kiÖn mang tÝnh lÞch sö. VÝ dô: The constitution, the Magna Carta.  Tríc tªn c¸c nhãm d©n téc thiÓu sè.. . Kh«ng dïng the Tríc tªn 1 hå (hay c¸c hå ë sè Ýt). VÝ dô: Lake Geneva, Lake Erie Tríc tªn 1 ngän nói VÝ dô: Mount Mckinley Tríc tªn c¸c hµnh tinh hoÆc c¸c chïm sao VÝ dô: Venus, Mars, Earth, Orion Tríc tªn c¸c trêng nµy khi tríc nã lµ 1 tªn riªng. VÝ dô: Cooper’s Art school, Stetson University. Trớc các danh từ mà sau nó là 1 số đếm. VÝ dô: World war one chapter three Kh«ng nªn dïng tríc tªn c¸c cuéc chiÕn tranh khu vực nếu tên khu vực để nguyên. Tríc tªn c¸c níc cã 1 tõ nh : Sweden, Venezuela và các nớc đợc đứng trớc bởi new hoặc tính từ chỉ ph¬ng híng. VÝ dô: New Zealand, South Africa. Trớc tên các lục địa, tiểu bang, tỉnh, thành phố, quËn, huyÖn. VÝ dô: Europe, California. Tríc tªn bÊt cø m«n thÓ thao nµo. VÝ dô: Base ball, basket ball. Tríc tªn c¸c danh tõ mang tÝnh trõu tîng trõ những trờng hợp đặc biệt. VÝ dô: Freedom, happiness. Tríc tªn c¸c m«n häc chung. VÝ dô: Mathematics, Sociology Tríc tªn c¸c ngµy lÔ, tÕt..

(22) . VÝ dô: The Indians, the Aztecs. Nªn dïng tríc tªn c¸c nh¹c cô. VÝ dô: To play the piano. Tríc tªn c¸c m«n häc cô thÓ. VÝ dô: The applied Math. The theoretical Physics.. VÝ dô: Christmas, thanksgiving. . Tríc tªn c¸c b÷a ăn : breakfast, lunch , dinner .... CONJUNCTIONS 1. So: Có nghĩa là ‘vì vậy’, liên từ này đứng trớc vế thứ hai trong một câu ghép, biểu hiện vế thứ hai là kết quả tác động của vế câu thứ nhất. Công thức dùng nh sau: Clause 1, so + clause 2 Vd: Tim was too angry, so he left without saying anything. 2. But: Có nghĩa là ‘nhng’ liên từ nay đứng trớc vế thứ hai trong một câu ghép, biểu thị ý nghĩa trái ngợc với ý nghÜa cña vÕ c©u thø nhÊt. C«ng thøc dïng nh sau: Clause 1, but + clause 2 Vd: I tried my best to pass the exam, but I still failed. 3. However: Có nghĩa là ’Tuy nhiên’ liên từ này đứng ở đầu một câu, biểu thị ý nghĩa trái ngợc với ý nghĩa của trớc đó và ngăn cách với vế câu đi sau bằng dấu phẩy. Ngoài ra nó có thể là từ nối giữa hai vế câu trong một câu phức. Trong trờng hợp này nó sẽ đi sau dấu chấm phẩy và đứng trớc dấu phẩy. Công thức dùng nh sau: Sentence 1. However, sentence 2. Clause 1; however, clause 2. Vd: - Studying English is not easy. However, it is benificial - Studying English is not easy; however, it is benificial 4. Therefore: Có nghĩa là ’vì vậy’ liên từ này đứng ở đầu một câu, mang ý nghĩa chỉ kết quả của hành động trong câu trớc đó và ngăn cách với vế câu đi sau bằng dấu phẩy.Ngoài ra nó có thể là từ nối giữa hai vế câu trong một câu phức. Trong trờng hợp này nó sẽ đi sau dấu chấm phẩy và đứng trớc dấu phẩy. Công thức dïng nh sau: Sentence 1. Therefore, sentence 2. Clause 1; therefore, clause 2. Vd: -He didn’t study hard. Therefore, he failed the exam. -He didn’t study hard; therefore, he failed the exam. 5. Sù kh¸c nhau gi÷a but vµ however; gi÷a so vµ therefore * But và however chỉ sự đối lập. Tuy nhiên but không thể đứng đầu câu mà chỉ có thể đứng ở đầu vế thứ hai trong mét c©u phøc. * So và therefore chỉ kết quả. Tuy nhiên so không thể đứng đầu câu mà chỉ có thể đứng ở đầu vế thứ hai trong mét c©u phøc. MODAL VERBS - ACTIVE AND PASSIVE Active voice: Will Would may/might must Need Can S+ Could + V1 + O Should Be able to Ought to Had better Have to. S +. -> Passive Voice: Will Would may/might must Need Can Could Should Be able to Ought to Had better Have to. + BE + V(ed,3).

(23) TRANSITIVE AND INTRANSITIVE VERBS 1. Intransitive verbs: (nội động từ) Là những động từ đứng sau chủ thể gây ra hành động và không có tân ngữ đi kèm.vd: sleep, die, swim...C«ng thøc: S +V Vd: The sun rise in the east. 2. Transitive verbs: (ngoại động từ) Là những động từ đòi hỏi có tân ngữ đi kèm (có thể có một hoặc nhiều tân ngữ). Vd: get, take, see, advise.... C«ng thøc: S+V+O Vd: Yesterday I wrote a letter to Mary. COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS I. Adjectives and Adverbs. 1. Adjectives: * Positions: - Adj + N. beautiful hat. - be/ seem/ appear/ feel/ taste/ look/ keep.... + Adj. He seems tired now. - be/ seem/ look/ taste...+ too + Adj. He is too young to drive a motorbike. - be + Adj + enough . She is tall enough to play volleyball. - be/ seem/ look/ taste/ smell/ ...+ so + Adj. + that. The story is so interesting that I can’t put it down. - How + Adj + S + V. How beautiful the girl is. Notes: TrËt tù tõ cña tÝnh tõ: - Tính từ chỉ cảm nghĩ đứng trớc tính từ miêu tả: an interesting young man. - Đôi khi chúng ta dùng hai hay nhiều tính từ miêu tả trong một câu, thì trật tự của chúng đợc sắp xếp nh sau: Sè lîng + ChÊt lîng + KÝch thíc + Tuæi t¸c + Mµu s¾c + XuÊt xø (quèc gia)+ ChÊt liÖu + NOUN. eg. a beautiful old French picture. - TÝnh tõ chØ kÝch thíc vµ chiÒu dµi (big, tall, long...) thêng ®i tríc tÝnh tõ chØ h×nh d¸ng vµ chiÒu réng (round, fat, wide...) eg. a long narrow street. - Khi cã hai hoÆc h¬n hai tÝnh tõ chØ mµu s¾c,ta dïng liªn tõ ‘and’. eg. a red, white and green flag. 2. Adverbs: là những từ dùng để diễn tả tính cách, đặc tính, mức độ, trạng thái... và đợc dùng để bổ nghĩa cho động từ, tính từ, trạng từ khác hoặc cho cả câu. * Positions: - V(trợ động từ) + Adv + V (thờng). I have recently finished my homework. - be/ feel/ look/ .... + Adv + Adj. I feel completely interested in this book. - V (thêng) + too + Adv. He studied too lazily to pass his exam. - V (thêng) + so + Adv + that. Jack drove so fast that he caused an accident. - S + V + (O) + Adv. He drives carefully. - V (thêng) + Adv + enough. He worked hard enough to succeed. - Adv. cũng có thể đứng một mình ở đầu câu (hoặc giữa câu giữa hai dấu “,”) Suddenly, he heard a strange voice. II. Degrees of comparison of Adj. and Adv. 1. Equal dgree: S + V + as + Adj/ Adv + as + N/ Pronoun. eg. He is as tall as his father. / Mai is as beautiful as her mother. - Có thể thay ‘as’ bằng ‘so’ trong câu phủ định. S + Be not + as/so +Adj + as N/ Pronoun. S + do/ does not +as/so + Adv +............ eg. Your pen is not so expensive as mine..

(24) - Có thể diễn đạt ý bằng nhau, nh nhau: S + V + the same + (noun) + as + noun (pronoun). eg. My house is as high as his = My house is the same height as his. Marry is as old as Tony = Marry and Tony are the same age. 2. Comparative degree: a. Short Adjectives/ Adverbs: S + V + short Adj/Adv + er + than + Noun/ Pronoun. eg. Today is hotter than yesterday./ He runs faster than I do. - Tính từ 1 âm tiết tận cùng là phụ âm đơn ( trừ w, x, z) đứng trớc một nguyên âm đơn thì gấp đôi phụ âm cuối + er big - bigger - TÝnh tõ 2 ©m tiÕt cã tËn cïng lµ : y, le, er, ow, et + er. quieter, cleverer, narrower.... - Tính từ 2 âm tiết nhng kết thúc bằng một phụ âm + y, đổi ‘y’ thành ‘i’ + er. happier. - So sánh hơn có thể đợc nhấn mạnh bằng cách cộng thêm ‘much’ hoặc ‘far’. S + V + far/ much + short Adj/ Adv + er + than + noun/ pronoun. eg. Today is much hotter than yesterday. b. Long Adjectives/ Adverbs: S + V + more long Adj/ Adv + than + Noun/Pronoun. eg. This chair is more comfortable than the other. He speaks English more fluently than I do. - NhÊn m¹nh : S + V + far/ much + more + long Adj/ Adv + than + noun/ pronoun. eg. Hoa’s watch is much/ far more expensive than mine. He reads much more rapidly than his brother. - So s¸nh kÐm h¬n: S + V + less Adj/ Adv than noun/ pronoun. eg. My TV is less beautiful than yours. He drives less carefully than I think. 3. Superlative degree: S + V + the + short Adj/Adv + est + in (danh từ đếm đợc số ít) + the most + long Adj/ Adv + of (danh từ đếm đợc số nhiều) + the least + Adj/ Adv eg. He is the tallest in my class. Nga is the most inteligent of all the students. Those shoes are the least expensive of all. Note: - good/ well better the best - bad/ badly worse the worst - many/ much more the most - little less the least - far farther the farthest (vÒ kho¶ng c¸ch) further the furthest (vÒ thêi gian) - near nearer the nearest (vÒ kho¶ng c¸ch) the next (vÒ thø tù) - late later the latest (vÒ thêi gian) the last (vÒ thø tù) - old older the oldest (vÒ tuæi t¸c) elder the eldest (vÒ cÊp bËc h¬n lµ tuæi t¸c) 4. So s¸nh kÐp (double comparatives): a. Cµng ngµy ....... cµng, mçi lóc mét...... h¬n. * Víi tÝnh tõ ng¾n: Adj + ER and Adj + er The weather gets warmer and warmer * Víi tÝnh tõ dµi: more and more + Adj She becomes more and more beautiful. b. Cµng ngµy cµng Ýt...., cµng ngµy cµng kÐm....: less and less + Adj eg. He is less and less hard-working. c. Cµng .... th× cµng....... * Víi tÝnh tõ ng¾n: The adj + er......., the adj. + er eg. The darker it gets, the colder it is. * Víi tÝnh tõ dµi: The more adj......., the more adj..........

(25) eg. The more beautiful she is, the more miserable her husband is. * Với động từ: the more...., the more...... The more you learn, the more you forget. Note: NhiÒu khi hai vÕ kh«ng cïng mét lo¹i tÝnh tõ dµi hay ng¾n nhng cã thÓ sö dông lÉn lén víi nhau. (hoÆc vÕ trớc tính từ, vế sau động từ hoặc ngợc lại,...) eg. The more she smiles, the more graceful she is. d. Cµng Ýt........, th× cµng Ýt........ Cµng kÐm....., ....th× cµng kÐm...... * Víi tÝnh tõ: The less + adj........, the less + adj. ....... eg. The less difficult the lessons are, the less hard-working the students. * Với động từ : the less....., the less..... The less I live with him, the less I like him. 5. Nh÷ng c¸ch nãi kh¸c cã tÝnh c¸ch so s¸nh. a. Other .... than........: kh¸c. I want to read other novels than these. b. Rather than: h¬n lµ. We want to be poor rather than rich. c. Had better: nªn You’d better stay at home than go fishing. d. Had rather hoÆc Would rather: thÝch.. ..h¬n .We’d rather watch a film than read a book. 6. Danh từ cũng có thể đợc dùng trong so sánh: S + V + as + many/ much/ little/ few + noun +as + noun/ pronoun. hoÆc S + V + more/ fewer/ less + noun + than + noun/ pronoun. eg. He earns as much money as his brother. I have more books than she does. PHRASAL VERBS Mệnh đề động từ, là những động từ đi kèm với một hoặc hai từ (một trạng từ hoặc một giới từ). Với mỗi trạng từ đi kèm thì mệnh đề động từ sẽ mang một ý nghĩa khác nhau. Vd: - Look! There is a cat! - My mother looks after carefull. Có bốn loại cụm động từ khác nhau: 1. Lo¹i 1: Động từ đi với một tân ngữ trực tiếp- đây là ngoại động từ. Nếu tân ngữ trực tiếp là một danh từ, nó có thể đứng trớc hoặc đứng sau trạng từ. Tuy nhiên, nếu tân ngữ trực tiếp là một đại từ thì nó phải đứng trớc đại tõ. C«ng thøc: V + Adverb +O Vd: look up, bring (sb) up, let(sb) down, make up, put off, put on, take off, take away, try on, turn down, work out, turn on, turn off...... 2. Lo¹i 2: Động từ đi với một giới từ và một bổ ngữ trực tiếp - đây là ngoại động từ. Đối với những cụm động từ này không đợc tách rời hai phần của cụm động từ. Công thức: V +preposition +O V d. She looks after her children properly 3. Lo¹i 3: Động từ không đi với bổ ngữ trực tiếp - đây là nội động từ. Ta không đợc tách rời hai phần của cụm động từ. Công thức: V + Adverb Vd: break down , break up, get away, get by, go down, hold on, pass away, pass out, set off/ set out, stand out, take off.....

(26) 4. LoaÞ 4: Đéng tõ bao gåm c¶ tr¹ng tõ vµ giíi tõ. Chóng lu«n cÇn mét bæ ng÷ trùc tiÕp. Ta kh«ng ® îc t¸ch rêi c¸c phần của cụm động từ này. Công thức: V + Adverb + preposition + O Vd: catch up with, come up against, come up with, face up to, fall in with, get along/on with, get out of, look up to, make up for, put up with, run out of, stand up for, stand up to... Some common Phrasal verbs Verb. Preposition. Synonym (Nghĩa). call. back. return a telephone call. Gọi lại (điện thoại). call. off. cancel. Hủy bỏ. call. on. ask to speak in class. Gọi phát biểu ý kiến. call. up. make a telephone call. Gọi điện thoại. do. over. do again. Làm lại. figure. out. find the solution to a problem. Tìm giải pháp. fill. in. complete a sentence by writing in a blank. Điền vào. fill. up. fill completely with gas, water, coffee, etc.. Đổ đầy, làm đầy. find. out. discover information. Tìm ra, phát hiện ra. get. in. enter a car, a taxi. Lên xe, tax i.... get. off. leave a bus, an airplane, a train, a subway, a bicycle. Xuống xe buýt, máy bay .... get. on. enter a bus, an airplane, a train, a subway, a bicycle. Lên xe. get. over. recover from an illness. Bình phục, khỏi ốm. give. back. return something to someone. Trả lại. give. up. quit doing something or quit trying. Từ bỏ, bỏ. go. off. explode. Phát nổ. hand. in. give homework, tests, papers, etc., to a teacher. Nộp bài kiểm tra, bài thi.... hand. out. give something to this person, then that person, then another person, Phân phát. keep. on. continue. Tiếp tục. leave. out. omit. Bỏ sót, bỏ qua. look. up. look for information in a reference book. Tra cứu (từ,kiến thức...). make. up. invent. Phát minh .... pay. back. return money to someone. Trả lai tiền cho ai. pick. up. Lift. Đón. put. off. Postpone. Hoãn lại. put. on. put clothes on one's body. Mặc quần áo. put. out. extinguish (stop) a fire, a cigarette, a cigar. Dập tắt (Lửa, thuốc lá ..). run. into. meet by chance. Tình cờ gặp. shut. off. stop a machine or light, turn off. Đóng ,tắt. start. over. start again. Khởi động lại. take. off. remove clothes from one's body. Tháo, cởi quần áo....

(27) tear. up. tear into small pieces. Xé ra từng mảnh nhỏ. throw. away/out. put in the trash. Vứt bỏ. try. on. put on clothing to see if it fits. Thử (quần áo). turn. down. decrease the volume. Vặn nhỏ âm thanh. turn. off. stop a machine or a light, shut off. Tắt (đèn, máy móc ...). turn. on. begin a machine or a light. Bật đèn, máy móc.... turn. up. increase the volume. Vặn to âm thanh. ADVERBIAL CLAUSE OF TIME * Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian đóng vai trò tơng đơng với trạng ngữ của câu. Mệnh đề này không thể đứng một mình mà phải luôn đi kèm với mệnh đề chính. * Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian thờng bắt đầu với các từ sau: 1. When (khi) - When I was watching TV, it began to rain. 2. While (trong khi) - While Tommy was having a bath, the telephone rang. 3. As (khi) - As I was watching TV, it began to rain. 4. As soon as (ngay khi) - As soon as I finish reading this book, I will return it to you. 5. Until (cho đến khi) - Please wait for me until I come back. 6. Before (tríc khi) - You must remember to turn all lights off before you go out. 7. After (sau khi ) - After my parents have dinner, they often watch TV till late at night. 8. Since (tõ khi) - Since I move here, I have never met my next-door neiboor 9. As long as: (l©u chõng nµo) - You can stay here as long as you want to. NOTE: * Ngời ta không dùng thì tơng lai trong mệnh đề chỉ thời gian. Khi mệnh đề chính có động từ ở thì tơng lai thì trong mÖnh phô chØ thêi gian, ngêi ta sÏ dïng: - Th× HTHT thay v× dïng th× TLHT. - Th× HT§ thay v× dïng th× TL§ * Sau As và While ta hay dùng động từ thì tiếp diễn. GERUNDS & INFINITIVES A. DANH ĐỘNG TỪ: (Gerund) Danh động từ có cấu trúc giống như hiện tại phân từ (tức là động từ thêm ING) : talking, learning, cutting, lying… Danh động từ, như tên gọi, là động từ dùng như danh từ. Danh động từ chủ yếu đứng ở vị trí, và thực hiện chức năng, của một danh từ trong câu. Nó thường được : 1/ Duøng laøm: (subject) - Swimming is good for our health. - Being friendly will bring you friends. 2/ Duøng laøm: (object of a verb).

(28) - These boys like swimming. - My brother practises speaking English every day. 3/ Dùng làm bổ ngữ cho S: (subject complement) - My hobby is swimming. - Seeing is believing. 4/ Dùng làm O cho giới từ: (object of a preposition) - He is fond of swimming. - She is interested in learning English. 5/ Dùng trong câu ngăn cấm ngắn (short prohibition) hoặc để thành lập danh từ kép (compound noun) - No smoking. - No talking, please. - a swimming pool. - a dining room. - a washing machine. 6/ Dùng sau tính từ sở hữu: - Please forgive my coming late. - His driving carelessly often causes accidents. 7/ Dùng sau một số động từ và một số cách diễn đạt nhất định như: admit, advise, avoid, consider, delay, deny, dislike, enjoy, finish, hate, keep, like, mind, practise, postpone, quit, risk, suggest, can’t help, can’t bear, can’t stand, be worth, be busy, it’s no use, there’s no… - We enjoy listening to music. - I can’t help laughing when she makes jokes. B. ĐỘNG TỪ NGUYÊN MẪU: (Infinitive) Động từ nguyên mẫu thường có giới từ to đứng trước (to do, to learn, to help, to advise…) và được dùng trong những trường hợp sau : 1/ Làm S,O hoặc bổ ngữ (complement) trong câu: - To conceal the truth from her was foolish. - He wanted to become a spaceman. - What he asked for is to be left alone. 2/ Làm tính từ bổ nghĩa cho danh từ:.

(29) - He was the first man to leave the room. - English is an important language to master. 3/ Làm trạng từ diễn tả các nội dung sau: * Mục đích của hành động. - He went to the station to meet her. - He bought a dictionary to study English. * Keát quaû, haäu quaû. (sau TOO +Adj / Adv) - She is too tired to go for a walk. - The box was too heavy for her to carry. * Hieäu quaû. (sau Adj / Adv + ENOUGH) - I’m strong enough to carry that heavy box. - He isn’t rich enough to travel everywhere by taxi. 4/ Dùng sau một số động từ nhất định như : afford, agree, arrange, decide, demand, expect, fail, hope, intend, learn, manage, need, offer, plan, pretend, promise,refuse, threaten, want, wish, would like… - They promised to come back soon. - He can’t afford to take a taxi. và dùng sau một số động từ có O (verb + obj + to inf) như : advise, allow, ask, beg, encourage, expect, forbid, force, help, invite, order, permit, persuade, prefer, remind, teach, tell, want, warn… - They don’t allow us to smoke in the office. - I taught myself to play the guitar. + Chú ý : Một số động từ có thể theo sau bởi danh động từ hoặc động từ nguyên mẫu nhưng có sự khác bieät veà nghóa trong caâu. (*) Remember + gerund : nhớ lại việc đã thực hiện. - I remember posting the letter. Remember + to infinitive : nhớ để thực hiện. - I remember to post the letter. (*) Stop + gerund : ngưng thực hiện việc đang làm. - She stopped mending the dress. Stop + to infinitive : ngưng làm một việc gì khác để làm việc này. - He stopped to have a drink..

(30) (*) Try + gerund : thử làm việc gì . - I try writing in blue ink to see if my handwriting is better. Try + to infinitive : coá gaéng laøm vieäc gì. - They tried to work as hard as they could. (*) Mean + gerund : mang yù nghóa. - Failure in the exam means having to learn one more year. Mean + to infinitive : dự định làm việc gì. - He means to take the coming exam. (*) Forget + gerund : quên điều gì đã xảy ra. - I forgot telling her this story. Forget + to infinitive : queân laøm ñieàu gì. - I forgot to tell her about this. (*) Regret + gerund : hối tiếc việc đã xảy ra. - She regrets going to a village school. - The party was great. He regretted not to go there. Regret + to infinitive :Lấy laøm tieác phảiõ laøm vieäc gì. - I regret to say that she can’t come tonight C. ĐỘNG TỪ NGUYÊN MẪU KHÔNG “TO”. (Bare Infinitive) Đây là động từ nguyên thể không đi kèm với to (infinitive without to) và được sử dụng trong các trường hợp sau : 1/ Dùng sau các động từ khiếm khuyết (Modal verbs) như: can, could, may, might, must, ought to… - You may go now. - They must finish the work by now. 2/ Dùng sau các động từ : HAVE, LET, MAKE, HELP… - I helped the child tidy his desk. - He had a painter paint the gate. - They let him enter the room without a ticket. - My parents make me go to bed early. 3/ Dùng sau BUT, EXCEPT với nghĩa “ngoại trừ” - Why don’t you do anything but complain? - She agreed to do everything but help him with the homework..

(31) 4/ Dùng sau các động từ chỉ giác quan như : see, watch, hear, notice, observe, spot… - We heard them sing all morning. - He saw the thief enter the hall. Chú ý : như ta đã biết hiện tại phân từ (present participle) có thể được dùng cho các động từ trên để diễn ta hành động đang tiếp diễn. Còn động từ nguyên thể dùng trong trường hợp này chỉ hành động đã hoàn tất. - I watched them playing football for a while. (trận đấu vẫn đang tiếp diễn) - I watched them play football yesterday afternoon. (xem toàn bộ trận đấu) USEFUL STRUCTURES (C¸c cÊu tróc c©u quan träng) A. Grammar : 1. It’s/ was + S + that + Predicate : ChÝnh...... mµ....... eg. Smoking causes lung cancer. - It’s smoking that causes lung cancer. My sister gave me a computer on my birthday. - It was my sister that gave gave me a computer on my birthday 2. It’s + Adj + for somebody + to infi. = To infi. + be + Adj. = Ving + be + Adj. eg. It’s difficult for me to learn Russian. = To learn Russian is difficult. = Learning Russian is difficult. It’s not easy to speak English perfectly. = To speak English perfectly is not easy. 3. It’s/ was possible/ impossible for somebody to infi. = S + be + possible/ impossible + to infi. eg. It’s impossible for us to finish the long test on time. = We’re impossible to finish the long test on time. 4. It takes/ took/ will take + Sb + time + to infi. = S + spend/ spent/ will spend + time + Ving. eg. It takes me 30 minutes to cook dinner. = I spend 30 minutes cooking dinner. 5. S + be + said/ thought/ believed/ known .....+ that + clause. = S + be + said/ thought/ believed/ known...... to infi./ to have + Vpp. eg. It’s said that the earth is round. = The earth is said to be round. 6. It’s likely that + clause (will): cã thÓ eg. It’s likely that man will conque nature. 7. S + used to + V  (đã từng…) chỉ một thói quen ở quá khứ eg. I used to cry when I was a child. - S + use st + to V. Sử dụng c¸i gì để làm gì eg. I use a dictionary to look up the meaning of words. - S + be/ get used to + Ving.  (quen với…) tương đương với Be accustomed to 8. Had better + (not) + to V : nªn, kh«ng nªn lµm g× eg. You had better get up early and do morning exercises. He’d better not smoke cigarettes..

(32) 9. Would rather + do st than + do st. ThÝch lµm viÖc g× h¬n viÖc g× = Prefer doing st to doing st/ (prefer N to N). eg. I’d rather stay at home than go out. = I prefer staying at home to going out. I prefer films to books. 10. Phrases and clauses of purpose. (Cụm từ và mệnh đề chỉ mục đích) a. Phrases of purpose: - Nếu muốn diễn tả mục đích khẳng định ta dùng: * to infinitive * in order to/ so as to + V. (để mà) eg. They try to study to pass their next exam.  They try to study in order to pass their exam - Nếu muốn diễn tả mục đích phủ định ta dùng: so as not to, in order not to. eg. They study hard so as not to fail the exam.  I got up early in order not to miss the train. b. Clauses of purpose (Adverbial clauses of purpose) S + V + so that/ in order that + S + will/ would + V (M§ chÝnh) can/ could may/ might ( MĐ trạng ngữ chỉ mục đích) eg. I try to study so that I can pass the exam.  I try to learn English in order that I can find a good job. Note: Nếu chủ ngữ của MĐ chính và MĐ chỉ mục đích khác nhau ta không dùng Phrases of purpose. c. Adverb clause of reason BECAUSE + Clause  (bởi vì…) giới thiệu mệnh đề trạng từ chỉ nguyên do - I couldn’t come to class yesterday because I was ill. - Because the weather was bad, the flight was put off. BECAUSE OF + Phrase  (bởi vì…) dùng cụm từ hoặc danh từ sau because of (preposition) - I couldn’t come to class yesterday because of his illness. - Because of the bad weather, the flight was put off. 11. Phrases and clauses of result. a. Phrases of result: * TOO…TO : (qu¸ ...... kh«ng thÓ). S + be/ get/ look/ seem/ become...+ too + Adj +(for O) + to infi. S + V (thêng) + too + Adv +(for O) + to infi. eg. This coffee is too hot for me to drink. He runs too slowly to catch the bus. * ENOUGH…TO: (đủ.......để có thể). S + be + Adj + enough (for O) + to infi. S + V (thêng) + Adv + enough (for O) + to infi. eg. He’s intelligent enough to get good marks. They speak slowly enough to understand. b. Clauses of result: * SO........ THAT: (quá ............ đến nỗi). S + be/ look/ seem/ smell/ taste/ feel....... + so +Adj + that + S + V..

(33) ( Main clause) (Adverbial clause of result) S + V (thêng) + so + adv + that + S + V. eg. It was so dark that I couldn’t see anything. The soup tastes so good that everyone will ask for more. - NÕu tríc ‘SO’ cã ‘ MANY, MUCH, FEW, LITTLE’ th× ta dïng cÊu tróc: S + V + so +many/ few + plural count. N + that + S + V. eg. There are so many people in the room that I feel tired. S + V + so much/ little + uncount. N + that + S + V. eg. He spent so much money in his holiday that he runs out of money now. * SUCH .............. THAT: (quá ............ đến nỗi). S + V + such a/ an + Adj + N + that + S + V. eg. It was such a hot day that we decided to stay at home. He is such an intelligent boy that we all admire him. 12. It’s time/ It’s high time (đã tới lúc mà một việc nên đợc làm ngay). a. Followed by past tense with present meaning: It’s time + S + Ved (be - were).- past subjunctive. It’s high time eg. It’s time we went home. b. Followed by infi. - It’s time + (for + O) + to Infi. It’s high time + S + Ved eg. It’s time for her to go to bed =It’s high time she went to bed 13. Clauses after Would rather: (mong muèn r»ng). a. Mong muèn ë t¬ng lai: S + would rather ( that) + S (not) + V bare infi. eg. I’d rather (that) you not call me tomorrow. I’d rather (that) she be here tomorrow. b. Mong muèn ë hiÖn t¹i( tr¸i víi thùc tÕ, kh«ng cã thËt). S + would rather (that) + S + V past subjunctive. eg. I’d rather the weather were fine today. Nam’d rather (that) his girlfriend worked in the same office as he does. c. Mong muèn ë qu¸ khø : ( tr¸i víi thùc tÕ, kh«ng cã thËt). S + would rather (that) + S + V past perfect subjunctive. eg. John would rather (that) Marry had gone to school yesterday. * C¸ch sö dông mét sè tõ lo¹i I. Đại từ bất định: gồm có các nhóm sau. 1. Some : somebody, someone, something - đợc dùng trong câu khẳng định và đi với động từ số ít. eg. There is somebody at the door./ I’ve got something in my bag. - đợc dùng khi muốn ‘mời’ hay ‘yêu cầu’ điều gì. Would you like something to drink? 2. Any : anybody, anyone, anything - đợc dùng trong câu phủ định và nghi vấn eg. Is there anybody in the room? / I’m very tired now. I don’t want to eat anything. - đợc dùng trong mệnh đề ‘If’. If anyone has any questions, I’ll pleased to answer them. 3. No : nobody, noone, nothing( =not anyone, anybody, anything). - đợc dùng trong câu khẳng định nhng mang nghĩa phủ định, có thể đứng đầu câu hoặc đứng một mình. eg. ‘What did you say?’ ‘Nothing’..

(34) - đợc dùng với động từ ở hình thức số ít. eg.The house is empty.There is nobody living there. - Sau nobody, noone cã thÓ dïng ‘ they, them, their’. eg. Noone in the class did their homework. II. Từ xác định đứng trớc: Có chức năng làm đại từ, có thể dùng trớc giới từ OF và một danh từ số ít hoặc số nhiều, đếm đợc hoặc không đếm đợc. Động từ theo sau có thể ở hình thức số ít hoặc số nhiều, tùy loại. - All (tÊt c¶), some (vµi), a few (mét vµi), several (vµi), both (c¶ hai), each (mçi), either (mét trong hai), neither (kh«ng ai/ c¸i g× trong hai), none (kh«ng ai/ c¸i g× trong nhiÒu), little, much, many ... 1. Some of.../ Most of.../ None of... ... + the , this, that, these, those, my, his, Ann’s...... có thể đi với động từ số ít hoặc số nhiều tùy thuộc vào danh từ sau nó. eg. Some of the people I work with are very friendly. None of this money is mine. 2. Cã thÓ dïng ‘ Some of, None of...’ + us / you / them. eg. How many of these pens do you want? A few of them/ None of them. 3. Cã thÓ dïng ‘ Some, most, many, little, ...’ mét m×nh mµ kh«ng cã danh tõ. eg. Some pupils are lazy but some are not. 4. Khi dïng ‘ both, either, neither’ + of th× cÇn cã ‘ the/ these/ those/ my/ his/ Ann’s...’ eg. Both of these books are very interesting. I haven’t read either of these books. 5. Cã thÓ dïng ‘ both of/ neither of/ either of + us/ you/ them’. eg. Both of us are students. / Neither of them are good pupils. 6. Sau Neither of động từ có thể ở hình thức số ít hoặc số nhiều. eg. Neither of the children want ( wants) to go to bed. 7. ‘Either, neither, both’ chØ hai sù viÖc, ‘Any, none, all’ chØ h¬n hai sù viÖc. eg. I tried two hats. Neither of them fit me. Both of them were too large. I tried a lot of hats. None of them fit me. All of them were too large. 8. Không dùng All để chỉ ‘ everybody, everyone’. eg. Everyone Ñnjoyed the party. 9. Everybody, everyone, everything đợc dùng với động từ ở dạng số ít. eg. Everyone is in the room. 10. All dïng víi c¶ danh tõ sè Ýt hoÆc sè nhiÒu. §éng tõ theo sau ë h×nh thøc sè Ýt hoÆc sè nhiÒu tïy thuéc vµo danh tõ tríc nã ë sè Ýt hoÆc sè nhiÒu. eg. All of the books on the self are expensive. All of the money has been spent. 11. -Little, much : chỉ đợc dùng với danh từ không đếm đợc( số ít). eg. Much of the time in my life was in the countryside. - Many, few: dùng với danh từ đếm đợc( số nhiều) eg. We have many interesting stories. - Little, few mang nghĩa phủ định( không đáng kể) eg. We must be quick. There is little time.(not much/ not enough time) - A little/ a few mang tính khẳng định nhiều hơn. eg. I have a few friends and we meet quite often. 12. A lot of/ lots of/ plenty of: dùng với danh từ số nhiều và danh từ không đếm đợc..

(35) eg. He has a lot of friends./ a lot of luck./ lots of time. He won plenty of money. 13. Much, many đợc dùng chủ yếu trong câu hỏi và câu phủ định. eg. We didn’t have much time./ Do you know many people? - Much. many đợc dùng trong câu khẳng định khi đi với các trạng từ: very, too, so. eg. There are too many people here. WORD FORMATIONS (C¸ch thµnh lËp tõ ) I. Noun formations (Thµnh lËp danh tõ) * Kind of nouns: - Concrete Ns (Danh từ cụ thể); proper Ns- D. từ riêng John, London...), common Ns - D. từ chung (country, man...) - Abstract Ns (D.từ trừu tượng): happiness, goodness... - Singular Ns - D. từ số ít (pen, man...), Plural Ns - D.từ số nhiều (pens, men...), countable Ns - D từ đếm được (hat, bag...), uncountable Ns- d.từ không đếm được (rice, milk...) * Positions of Ns: Adj + N; S ; Prep + N; V + N=Obj ; article + N. 1. Một số danh từ đợc thành lập bằng cách thêm các hậu tố vào sau động từ: a. V + tion: pollution, attraction, invention... b. V + ment: enjoyment, development, movement, treatment, employment... c. V + er, or, ant, ist = N job / person: teacher, visitor, assistant, typist... d. V + ing: teaching, swimming... e. V + age: usage, drainage.... 2. Một số danh từ đợc thành lập bằng cách thêm các hậu tố vào sau danh từ: a. N + ship: friendship, scholarship.... b. N + ism: capitalism (CN t b¶n), Marxism, socialism... c. N (subject) + ist, er, ian = N (career): chemist, philosopher, musician... 3. Một số danh từ đợc thành lập bằng cách thêm các hậu tố vào sau tính từ: a. Adj + ity: possibility, responsibility, nationality... b. Adj + ness: richness, happiness, coldness... 4. Compound nouns: a. N + N: tea cup, book self, school year, tooth- brush,... b. Gerund + N: driving lience, swimming pool.... c. Adj + N: blackboard, gentleman... II. Adjective formations (Thµnh lËp tÝnh tõ) * Positions of Adjs: Adj + N; Be/ look/ seem/ become...+ Adj, Adv + Adj (very interesting) 1. Một số tính từ đợc thành lập bằng cách thêm các hậu tố vào sau các danh từ: a. N + ful: harmful, useful, helpful, ..... b. N + less (kh«ng cã): childless, homeless... c. N + ly (cã tÝnh c¸ch, cã vÎ, hµng giê, n¨m...): manly, brotherly, daily... d. N + like (gièng nh): childlike, godlike... e. N + y (nhiÒu, ®Çy): rainy, snowy, healthy, foggy... f. N + ish (theo c¸ch cña): childish, foolish... g. N + al (thuéc vÒ): industrial, natural, ... h. N + ous: poisonous, dangerous, famous... 2. Một số tính từ đợc thành lập bằng cách thêm các hậu tố vào sau các động từ:.

(36) a. V + ive: active, progressive, attractive... b. V + able: countable, agreetable, acceptable, forgetable.... c. V + ing/ ed: interesting, interested... 3. Một số tính từ đợc thành lập bằng cách thêm các tiền tố vào trớc tính từ mang nghĩa phủ định. a. Un + Adj : unhappy, unlucky, unforgetable... b. In + Adj : indirect, independent... c. Im + Adj : impatient, impossible... e. Ir + Adj : irregular, irrational 4. Tính từ kép có thể đợc thành lập theo các cách sau: a. Adj + Adj : dark- blue (xanh đen), red- hot (nóng đỏ)... b. N + Adj : snow-white (tr¾ng nh tuyÕt), pitch-dark (tèi ®en nh mùc)... c. N + past participle : blue-eyed, man-made, long-haired (cã tãc dµi)... d. Adj + Ving : good - looking, nice-looking, slow-moving, fast-running... III. Verb formations (Thành lập động từ) * Positions: S + V, V + Adv, Adv + V. 1. Một số động từ đợc thành lập bằng cách thêm tiền tố OUT vào nội động từ (intransitive V) để biến nó thành một ngoại động từ (transitive V). - TiÒn tè OUT cã nghÜa lµ : tèt h¬n, nhanh h¬n, dµi h¬n.... + outgrow (lín h¬n, ph¸t triÓn h¬n...) + outlive (sèng l©u h¬n) + outweight (nÆng h¬n) + outnumber (nhiều hơn, đông hơn) 2. Một số động từ đợc thành lập bằng cách thêm tiền tố EN vào sau tính từ, danh từ hoặc động từ khác. Tiền tố EN cã nghÜa lµ : bá vµo, lµm cho, g©y ra... + danger (N) - endanger(V) + rich (Adj) - enrich (V) , large (Adj) – enlarge (V) + close (V) - enclose (V) IV. Adverb formations (Thµnh lËp tr¹ng tõ) 1. Trạng từ thờng đợc thành lập bằng cách thêm hậu tố ‘ly’ vào sau tính từ. + beautifully, carelessly, strongly, mainly... 2. Một số trờng hợp đặc biệt: + good - well + long - long + ill - ill + hard - hard + late - late/ lately. + soon - soon. + fast - fast. + early - early. TRANSFORMATION Cách biến đổi câu là cách ta viết lại câu theo một cấu trúc mới (thường được cho trước) mà không thay đổi nghĩa của câu ban đầu. * Ví duï 1: Haõy vieát laïi caâu sau ñaây : - He didn’t go to school yesterday because he was ill.  Because of…… Theo ví dụ trên, ta viết lại câu bằng “Because of…”, có nghĩa là ta biến mệnh đề “ he was ill” thành một cụm từ, vì sau “because of” ta phải dùng một cụm từ. Như vậy, câu viết lại có thể là :  Because of his illness, he didn’t go to school yesterday. Hoặc  Because of being ill, he didn’t go to school yesterday. Hoặc  Because of his being ill, he didn’t go to school yesterday. * Ví duï 2: Haõy vieát laïi caâu sau ñaây :.

(37) - They built that house a century ago.  That house…… Theo ví dụ trên, câu viết lại bắt đầu bằng “That house” – một túc từ – có nghĩa là ta viết lại câu này ở dạng bị động (passive voice). Như vậy, câu viết lại như sau :  That house was built a century ago. * Ví duï 3: Haõy vieát laïi caâu sau ñaây : - He didn’t go out because he didn’t have time.  If…… Theo ví dụ trên, câu viết lại bắt đầu bằng “If”, có nghĩa là ta viết lại câu này thành câu điều kiện không có thật ở quá khứ (loại 3) vì thì của động từ ở quá khứ. Câu viết lại như sau :  If he had had time, he would have gone out. * Ví duï 4: Haõy vieát laïi caâu sau ñaây : - The last time I saw her was five years ago.  I haven’t………… Theo ví dụ trên, câu viết lại sẽ ở thì hiện tại hoàn thành vì câu bắt đầu bằng “I haven’t……”  I haven’t seen her for five years. (ago không được dùng ở thì hiện tại hoàn thành, nên ta dùng for để thay thế) * Ví duï 5: Haõy vieát laïi caâu sau ñaây : - His house is bigger than mine.  My house isn’t……… Theo ví dụ trên, câu viết lại sẽ chuyển thành dạng so sánh bằng ở thể phủ định.  My house isn’t as big as his. Hay My house isn’t so big as his (house).. Chúc các em thành công trong các kỳ thi sắp đến!. PhÇn 2 : PhÇn bµi tËp GRAMMAR  Unit 1+ 2 : Basic Tenses Exercise 1. Choose the most correct answer:.

(38) 1. I _______this film twice. A. see B. saw C. will see 2. –Peter, please help me do the washing up. – Sorry, Mum. I ______ TV. A. watch B. am watching C. had watched 3. The farmers _____ in the field now. A. were working B. have worked C. worked 4. The war _____ out three years ago. A. broke B. had broken C. has broken 5. He ______ a cup of coffee every morning. A. drinks B. drank C. is drinking 6. She ______ a lot of new books. A. had just bought B. has just bought C. buys 7. Up to the present, Nam_____ good work in his class. A. does B. has done C. had done 8. At present, that author ______ a historical novel. A. is writing B. was writing C. has written 9. By next month, I _____ my first novel. A. will finish B. am going to finish C. finish 10. Phong ______ at the university so far. A. had worked B. was working C. worked 11. How long _____ able to drive? – since 1990. A. could you B. have you been C. were you 12. They ______ since eight o’clock. A. are talking B. have been talking C. talked 13. My brother _______ in the army from 1990 to 1995. A. served B. has served C. had served 14. At this moment, I _____ that we have a good chance of victory. A. was feeling B. am feeling C. feel 15. I _____ the money from him yet. A. haven’t received B. don’t receive C. will receive 16. This is the most interesting book _____ . A. I’ve read B. I had read C. I’ve ever readed 17. I ____ him ten days ago. A. see B. saw C. have seen 18. It ______ a long time since I last saw him. A. is B. was C. will be 19. She _____ so hard this week that she doesn’t have time to go to the hairdresser’s. A. works B. worked C. has been working 20. Mr. John_______ to Los Angeles in 1992. A. had gone B. has gone C. went 21. What ______ to you yesterday? A. happened B. did happen C. had happened 22. I never go to Australia. I _____ to Australia yet. A. will go B. went C. haven’t been 23. What _____ do at 7:00 tomorrow morning. A. will you B. shall you C. were you 24. Why ______ you come yesterday? A. couldn’t B. can’t C. didn’t 25. My mother ______ in this factory since 1990 A. works B. worked C. has worked 26. I _____ my hair before breakfast this morning. A. washed B. had washed C. was washing 27. I _____ about him when he suddenly came in.. D. have seen D. watched D. are working D. was breaking D. has drunk D. bought D. did D. had written D. will have finished D. has worked D. are you D. talk D. is serving D. had been feeling D. am receiving D. I’ve ever read D. will see D. had been D. had worked D. was going D. has happened D. have been D. did you D. A and C D. had worked D. have washed.

(39) A. talk B. talked C. am talking 28. He will finish this work before you _______ here tomorrow. A. leave B. will leave C. would leave 29. Don’t make noise. My mother ______ with her friends. A. is talking B. was talking C. talks 30. He _____ in this office for ten years by next Monday. A. will have been working B. would be working C. will work 31. No sooner _____ the office than the telephone rang. A. was he leaving B. he was leaving C. he had left 32. George______ this movie three times. A. sees B. has seen C. saw 33. Food, air and clothes _______ necessary for life. A. was B. were C. is 34. He ______ a visit to Halong Bay in 1995. A. had paid B. paid C. has paid 35. This morning while I ______ for the bus, the rain stopped. A. waited B. have waited C. had waited 36. What _____ during the last few weeks. A. did you do B. had you been doing C. have you been doing 37. Up to now, the teacher _______ our class five tests. A. gives B. is giving C. has given 38. The students _____ English now. A. study B. are studying C. will study 39. I don’t feel good. I _____ work tomorrow. A. won’t be going B. won’t go to C. don’t go 40. He is tired because he ____ all day. A. had worked B. has worked C. worked 41. _____ at home tonight? A. are you staying B. do you stay C. were you staying 42. We _____ in this house for ten years. A. are living B. were living C. had lived 43. She ____ in the departure lounge for a long time. A. is waiting B. was waiting C. waits 44. I ______ my driving test on Friday. A. have passed B. had passed C. passed 45. I ______ a vegetarian since 1998. A. am B. was C. have been 46. When _____ she was sorry? A. did Jane say B. had Jane said C. has Jane said 47. The motorway ____ in 1986. A. finished B. was finished C. has finished 48. I hope you _____ more carefully in the future. A. write B. will write C. would write 49. She _____ English before she came to England. A. studied B. had studied C. would study 50. We usually go ______ after work. A. to fishing B. fished C. fishing 51. She’ll be a millionaire by the time she _____ forty. A. was B. is C. will be 52. I’ve been waiting for my friends. I wonder if they_____ their way. A. will lose B. would lose C. had lost 53. He said everything _____ all right. A. is B. will be C. can be. D. was talking D. are going to leave D. talked D. will be working D. had he left D. had seen D. are D. pays D. was waiting D. were you doing D. had given D. have studied D. went D. works D. did you stay D. have lived D. has waited D. was passing D. had been D. was Jane saying D. finishes D. wrote D. studies D. fish D. is going to be D. have lost D. would be.

(40) 54. It is raining now. it began raining two hours ago. It ______ for two hours. A. has rained B. had rained C. is raining D. has been raining 55. He ______ his job last month and since then he ________ out of work. A. has lost/ is B. had lost/ was C. lost / has been D. lost/ had been 56. At this time tomorrow, my father ____ in London. A. is arriving B. has arrived C. will be arriving D. would arrive 57. In a few hours, we ______ the test, and we’ll go home and rest. A. have finished B. are finishing C. will be finishing D. will have finished 58. People ____ English and French in Canada. A. speak B. have spoken C. had spoken D. are speaking 59. The car isn’t here today because Dick ______ it. A. uses B. used C. is using D. has used 60. “When did you come here?” “I ____ here since last Sunday.” A. have been B. had been C. was D. am 61. Mr. Harry ______ in the army from 1980 to 1985 A. had served B. has served C. is serving D. served 62. At first you should ____ slowly for a short distance. A. jog B. to jog C. jogging D. jogged 63. We began to jog____. A. before three year B. three years ago C. three years past D. the past three years 64. The baby_____. Don’t make so much noise. A. sleep B. sleeps C. slept D. is sleeping 65. Peter said that he _____ that film before. A. didn’t see B. had not ever seen C. will not see D. has not ever seen Exercise 2:. Sequences Of Tenses . Choose the most correct answer: 1. He said that he ____ a lot of money on advertising to expand his business. A. spends B. has spent C. spending D. had spent 2. The train _____ when we got to the station. A. just left B. just leaves C. had just left D. will leave 3. Tom told me he _____ call me at the airport when I ______. A. would/ arrived B. will/ arrive C. will have/ arriving D. would be/ arriving 4. At this time tomorrow, we ____ our final exam. A. will have taking B. will be taking C. will be taken D. would take 5. ____ before? – Yes, I ____ my holidays here last year. A. have you ever been / spent B. have you ever been / spend C. Did you ever be / spending D. were you ever / spend 6. ______ I was working in the garden, John was repairing the washing machine. A. as soon as B. because of C. while D. until 7. Peter said he _____ a test the following day. A. had had B. will have C. has had D. would have 8. After she _____ at the hospital for 2 years, she_____ to give up the job yesterday. A. had been working/ decides B. had been working/ decided C. working / had decided D. is working/ will decide 9. Tom _____ before we arrive there. A. has left B. had left C. will leave D. leaves 10. In 1970, the Canadian scientist George Kelly ______ that warm water _____ more quickly than cold water. A. prove/freeze B. proves / breezed C. proving / freezing D. proved/freezes 11. After we _____ our work, we ____ for lunch. A. having finish/ went B. have finished/ went C. had finished/went D. having finish/ going.

(41) 12. After _____ Tom was apprenticed to learn a trade. A. leave B. leaves C. left D. leaving 13. They were in a hurry because they thought that the class _____. A. had already begun B. have already begun C. was begun D. will begin 14. – Why have they demolished that old building? – They ____ a new supermarket there. A. would be built B. were building C. are going to build D. had built 15. When I’m learning English, sometimes I ____ the accent. A. will be confused about B. was confused about C. had be confused about D. am confused about 16. After he _____ his English course, he went to England to continue his study . A. will have finished B. has finished C. had finished D. will finish 17. They ____ a lot of preparation before the match started. A. has made B. had made C. will be made D. are making 18. I____ in the US for one year, but I still find it difficult to communicate with the American. A. am B. was C. have been D. had been 19. American women may ____ conversations with men or even ___ them to dance. A. to start/ to ask B. started/ asked C. starting / asking D. start/ ask 20. After ______ the doctor found that he ____ his arm. A. to examine/ breaks B. to examine/ broke C. examining/ broken D. examining/had broken 21. As soon as she arrived in London, she found that the English people spoke English differently from what she _____. A. will learn B. is learning C. has been learning D. had learnt 22. How____ since we____ school? A. are you/ left B. will you be / left C. have you been/ had left D. have you been/ left 23. Before cars_______ , people ____ horses and bicycles. A. were discovered/ had used B. discovering/ use C. have been discovered / have been using D. is discovered/ using 24. Don’t go anywhere until I _____ back. A. come B. will come C. have come D. came 25. I _____ the book by the time you come tonight. A. will be finishing B. will have finished C. have finishing D. finished 26. Who ______ when I came ? A. were you talking to B. are you talking to C. you were talking to D. you are talking to 27. Please send us a postcard as soon as you _______in London. A. will arrive B. is going to arrive C. arrive D. arrived 28. I will give you this book ______ I met you tomorrow. A. when B. until C. since D. for 29. Jane _____ her house all the morning before the guest arrived. A. had been cleaning B. was cleaning C. has been cleaning D. is cleaning 30. We ______ for going home when it began to rain. A. are preparing B. were preparing C. will be preparing D. have prepared 31. Tom said everything ______ ready when the match ______. A. will be/ started B. would be/ started C. is / started D. will be/ starts 32. I _____ in the waiting room when I heard someone_____ me. A. am sitting/ to call B. was sitting/ call C. am sitting/ called D. have sat / called 33. At 10 o’clock tomorrow morning, we_____ our final test. A. has been taking B. will be taking C. will take D. would be taking 34. Our grandfather____ as an engineer for 30 years be fore he retired in 1980. A. had been working B. was working C. has been working D. worked 35. Up to now, the pollution problems yet. A. will not have solved B. are not solving C. hadn’t solved D. haven’t solved.

(42) 36. Miss Hoa always takes her umbrella when she _____ to school. A. has gone B. goes C. is going D. will go 37. Never talk to the driver while he ______. A. will be driving B. will drive C. drives D. is driving 38. I’ll tell you it is good or not after I ____it. A. try B. am trying C. have tried D. will try 39. I’ll marry her as soon as she _____ all her problems. A. solves B. has solved C. had solved D. solve 40. I bought Romano whenever I ____ Maximart. A. had gone B. has gone C. went D. would go 41. My son was sleeping when I ______ home. A. went B. has gone C. had gone D. would go 42. I was compiling this book while my son ____. A. slept B. would sleep C. had slept D. was sleeping 43. Lan has learnt English since she ____ a small girl. A. has been B. had been C. was D. would be 44. She won’t get married until she _____ 25 years old. A. is B. will be C. had been D. was 45. After ______ , he went to bed. A. had done his homework B. have done his homework C. being done his homework D. doing his homework 46. Yesterday when I _____ at the station, the train _______ for 15 minutes. A. arrived/ had left B. arrives/ has left C. arrived/ left D. had arrived/ left 47. When we _____ there ; people ______ calmly. A. got/ are waiting B. got/ were waiting C. got/ waited D. get/ wait 48. While I ____ in the street, I saw my old friend. A. was walking B. am walking C. walk D. walked 49. What do you think the children _____ when we get home? A. would do B. do C. were doing D. are doing 50. I’ll read the book when I _____ time. A. have B. had C. will have D. would have 51. The house was quiet when I _____ home. Everyone _____ to bed. A. was getting/ was going B. got/ had gone C. had got / went D. got/ went 52. I ______ her since I _____ a student. A. know/ am B. knew/ was C. have known/ am D. have known/ was 53. While I was going to school yesterday, I ____ him. A. meet B. met C. will meet D. am meeting 54. Alice _____ for Washington as soon as she had finished her exam. A. will leave B. would leave C. leaves D. left 55. He died after he ______ ill for a long time. A. was B. had been C. has been D. is 56. I _______ home until I finish my lesson. A. haven’t come B. don’t come C. didn’t come D. won’t come 57. The manager ______ the store before I arrived. A. closed B. had closed C. has closed D. was closing 58. When the alarm rang, Hai ______ out of bed quickly. A. was jumping B. has jumped C. had jumped D. jumped 59. When we see Mr. Minh tomorrow, I ____ him of that. A. will remind B. remind C. have reminded D. reminded 60. I’ll wait until you ____crying. A. have stopped B. will stop C. stop D. stopped Exercise 3: Find ONE mistake in each of the following sentences: 1. (A)Last year, my son (B)was lost (C)among the crowd when we (D)have gone shopping..

(43) 2. The problem (A)has turned out (B)to be more serious (C)than we (D)will have thought. 3. (A)Almost 300 million people (B)had visited (C)America’s national parks (D)every year. 4. They (A)have studied English(A) before they went (C)to London. 5. They (A)has got married (B)for 30 years (C)by the end of (D)this month. 6. They (A)will help you (B)whenever you (C)will ask (D)them. 7. (A)When Sam (B)will arrive, he will (C)open (D)the gift. 8. My father (A)has ever told (B)me honestychân thât (C)was (D)the best policy. 9. Did you say (A)that you (B)will have a lot of things (C)to do the (D)following week? 10. (A)When we arrived (B)at (C)the station, the train (D)has already left. 11. (A)Did your doctor (B)recommend you that you (C)will stop (D)smoking? 12. (A) Up to now, there (B)had been (C)no woman (D)being chosen the US president. 13. The neighbors (A)are having a party. They (B)are making so much noise (C)since 6 o’clock. I (D)can’t sleep. 14. (A)Don’t (B)leave the house (C)until I (D)will get back. 15. I (A)was walking along the pavement(B) when I (C)realized that there (D)has been a man following me. 16. Human (A)had struggled (B)against weeds (C)since the beginning (D)of agriculture. 17. Mary (A)said (B)that she (C)do jogging (D)every morning. 18. (A)At this time (B)next week, Peter (C)was working (D)in London. 19. Never I (A)have seen (B)such a (C)good film (D)before. 20. (A)Before the 1920s, (B)no women (C)will vote (D)in the US. 21. Some students have always (A)complain that they (B)do not have (C)enough money (D)to spend. 22. The teacher (A)got (B)angry with him (C)because he sometimes (D)come to class late. 23. (A)Up to now, there (B)had been (C)no woman (D)being chosen the US president. 24. The mother (A)had always took (B)good care (C)of her (D)little son. 25. An American woman (A)not always (B)shake hands (C)when she is introduced (D)to a man. 26. Peter (A)has been written the composition (B)for 3 hours and he (C)has not finished (D)yet. 27. We (A)were a few minute late (B)so the film (C)was already started when we (D)got to the cinema. 28. (A)By the time (B)the police (C)come, the robber (D)had run away. 29. Why (A)didn’t Peter (B)go to school? What (C)did happened (D)to him? 30. I (A)was listening (B)to the radio (C)when the door bell (D)will ring. 31. Why (A)are you so late? I (B)am waiting here (C)for you for more (D)than one hour . 32. Phuc never (A)go to bed (B)before he (C)has finished his (D)homework. 33. I (A)have learnt English (B)for I (C)was ten (D)years old. 34. Yesterday evening (A)while I (B)was watching TV, Mai (C)pays me (D)a visit. 35. We (A)went out (B)for a walk (C)after we (D)had our dinner. 36. (A)As soon as (B)the next lecture (C)will end, (D)let’s leave. 37. Mr. Ba (A)had a daughter who (B)were born in 1950, but (C)who died a few years (D)later. 38. (A)After they (B)were playing cards, (C)someone broke (D)into the house. 39. A (A)city university professor reported that he (B)discovers a vaccine (C)which could (D)prevent bird flu. 40.Factories discard waste that (A)had (B)polluted air and water, but factories (C)give us (D)employment. Exercise 4: Subject and verb agreement  Choose the best answer: 1. No news -------------- good news. A. is B. are C. were D. have been 2. Here -------------- some accounts that you must check. A. is B. are C. were D. was 3. A lot of homework -------------- me tired. A. make B. makes C. have made D. are making 4. Not only Mr. Pike but also his sons -------------- tea. A. likes B. like C. has liked D. liking 5. Mathematics -------------- us with many aspects. A. helps B. help C. have helped D. helping.

(44) 6. The United States -------------- of about 160 nations. A. consists B. consist C. consisting 7. Coffee contains caffeine, and -------------A. tea does so B. so tea does C. so does tea 8. Both Tom -------------- Mary are students. A. and B. nor C. or 9. Plenty of milk -------------- consumed everyday. A. are B. is C. was 10. Neither you nor I -------------- responsible for the bad result. A. are B. is C. am 11. Ten thousand dollars -------------- a large sum of money. A. are B. is C. were 12. I can not speak Spanish. – -------------A. So can I B. Neither can I C. Either can I 13. Both Jane and Mary, as well as John, -------------- ready for the exam. A. is B. was C. are 14. Working for 12 hours a day -------------- her very tired. A. make B. makes C. making 15. The number of the days in a week -------------- seven. A. is B. was C. are 16. What he told you -------------- to be of no importance. A. seems B. seem C. is seeming 17. The army -------------- eliminated this section of the training test. A. has B. have C. are 18. The quality of these recordings -------------- not very good. A. is B. are C. have 19. -------------- Julia -------------- her sister are going to the party. A. Both /and B. Neither / nor C. Either /or 20. My wife had never been to Hue, and -------------- I. A. never have B. neither have C. neither had. D. have consisted D. does tea so D. with D. were D. be D. being D. Neither can’t I D. has been D. have made D. were D. has seemed D. is D. were D. Not only / but also D. neither did. Unit 3 :Reported Speech  Exercise1: Choose the best option to complete the following sentences 1. Jack asked me _____. A.where do you come from? B.where I came from C.where I am from D.where did I come from? 2. She asked me _____ I liked pop music. A.when B.what C.if D.x 3. The doctor ____ him to take more exercise. A.told B.tell C. have told D. are telling 4. I wanted to know_____ return home. A.when would she B. when will she C. when she will D. when she would 5. Claire told me that her father____ a race horse. A.owns B.owned C. owning D. A and B 6. What did that man say ______? A. at you B. for you C. to you D. you 7. I rang my friend in Australia yesterday, and she said it _______ raining there. A. is B. were C. has been D. was 8. The builders have ______ that everything will be ready on time. A. promised B. promise C. promises D. promising 9. The doctor _______ him to take more exercise..

(45) 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34.. A. told B. tell C. have told D. are telling The last time I saw Linda, she looked very relaxed. She explained she’d been on holiday the ______ week. A. ago B. following C. next D. previous Yesterday, Laura ______ him to put some shelves up. A. asked B. is asking C. ask D. was asked Tom has ______ this story wasn’t completely true. A. admitting that B. was admitted that C. admitted that D. admit that When I rang Tessa some time last week, she said she was busy ______ day. A. that B. the C. then D. this I wonder _____ the tickets are on sale yet. A. what B. when C. where D. whether Mathew _____ Emma that her train was about to leave. A. has reminded B. has reminded that C. reminded D. reminded that Hello, Jim. I didn’t expect to see you today. Sophie said you _____ ill. A. are B. were C. was D. should be Ann ______ and left. A. said goodbye to me B. says goodbye to me C. tell me goodbye D. told me goodbye I told you ______ to switch off the computer, didn’t I ? A. don’t B. not C. not to D. to not Bill was slow, so I ________ hurry up. A. tell him B. told him for C. told to D. told him to Sarah was driving to fast, so I ______ to slow down. A. asked her B. asked C. ask D.have asked her Someone ______ me there’s been an accident on the motorway. A. asked B. said C. spoke D. told Sue was very pessimistic about the situation. I advised her _____. A. no worry B. not worry C. no to worry D. not to worry I couldn’t move the piano alone, so I asked Tom_______. A. giving a hand B. gave a hand C. to give a hand D. give a hand Tom said that New York _______ more lively than London. A. is B. be C. was D. were When he was at Oliver’s flat yesterday, Martin asked if he ______ use the phone. A. can B. could C. may D. must George couldn’t help me. He ______ me to ask Kate. A. tell B. said C. told D. say Judy ______ going for a walk, but no one else wanted to. A.admitted B. offered C. promised D. suggested I said that I had met her ______ . A. yesterday B. the previous day C. the day D. the before day. The man asked the boys ______ . A. why did they fight B. why they were fighting C. why they fight D.why were they fighting “______the door”, he said. A. please open B. open pleased C. please to open D. please, opening I wanted to know ______ return home. A. when would she B. when will she C. when she will D. when she would The woman wonders _______ doing well at school. A. whether her children are B. if her children are C. whether her children were D. her children are if Peter said he was leaving for Paris ______. A. next week B. the week previous C. following week D. the following week “I don’t usually drink milk when ______ ” Mrs. Pike said. A. she was hungry B. I was hungry C. I am hungry D. I will be.

(46) 35. They said that their house had been broken into ______. A. the two days before B. two days ago C. two days before D. since two days 36. She advised me _______ an apple everyday to stay healthy. A. eating B. I should eat C. to eat D. please, eat 37. “I’ll come with you as soon as _______” she replied. A. I was ready B. I am ready C. I ready ready D. am I ready 38. “_____ today as it was yesterday.” She remarked. A. it wasn’t so foggy B. it isn’t so foggy C. it hadn’t been so foggy D. it isn’t such foggy 39. “I wish _____ eat vegetables”, he said. A. my children will B. my children would C. whether my children would D. my children must 40. “I _____ late again”, she promised. A. I am not B. I won’t be C. I wouldn’t D. I was not late 41. “How long _____ here ?”, asked Jane. A. you have been B. you had been C. had you been D. have you been 42. She wanted to know ______. A. what was happening B. was happening C. it was happening D. was happening what 43. “Do you know ______ ?” asked the man. A. where is the ticket office B. where the ticket office is C. the ticket office is D. where was the ticket office 44. The teacher asked Mary ______ the previous match. A. who wins B. who is winning C. who won D. that won 45. My father asked me _____ of the film. A. what do you think B. what I think C. what did you think D. what I thought 46. “ Why hasn’t Minh phoned? ” she wondered A. she wondered why Minh hasn’t phoned B. she wondered why Minh didn’t phone C. she wondered why Minh hadn’t phoned D. she wondered why hadn’t Minh phoned 47. “Could you tell me how to get to the airport?” A. he asked me how to get to the airport B. he said if I could tell him the airport C. he told me how to get to the airport D. he asked me to tell how to get to the airport 48. “Have you heard of her marriage?” A. she asked me if I hear of their marriage B. she asked me whether I had heard of their marriage C. she asked me if I had heard of their marriage D. B and C 49. Cindy said that “I haven’t seen John since last month.” A. Cindy said she hasn’t seen John since the previous month B. Cindy said she hadn’t seen John since the previous month C. Cindy said she wasn’t seen John since the previous month D. Cindy said she doesn’t see John since the previous month 50. The little boy said “two and two make four.” A.The little boy said that two and two made four. B.The little boy said that two and two have made four. C.The little boy said that two and two had made four. D.The little boy said that two and two make four. 51. “If I were you, I would go to the doctor. ”Minh said to Lan. A. Minh told Lan to become a doctor B. Minh advised Lan to go to the doctor C. Minh told Lan that he would to go to the doctor D.Minh advised Lan not to go to the doctor 52. His wife said to him: “write to me as often as you can”.

(47) A. His wife told him to write to her as often as he can B. His wife told him to write to her as often as he could C. His wife told him writing to her as often as he could D. His wife told him writing to her as often as he can 53. “What were you doing last night, Mr John?” asked the police. A. The police asked what were you doing last night, Mr John B. The police asked Mr John what he had been doing the night before C. The police asked Mr John what he had been done the night before D. The police asked Mr John what had he been done the night before 54. The teacher advised us ______. A. to be careful when doing these exercises B. be careful when doing these exercises C. careful when doing these exercises D. are careful when doing these exercises 55. She told me _______. A. think well before I answered B. think well before I answer C. to think well before I answered D. think well before I will answer 56. He begged them --------------. A. help him B. should help him C. to help him D. help to him 57. She said that she -------------- there the year before. A. went B. had gone C. would go D. goes 58. Peter asked Jane why -------------- the film on T.V the previous night. A. didn’t she watch B. hadn’t she watched C. she doesn’t watch D. she hadn’t watched 59.They said they -------------- us if we needed. A. help B. helped C. would help D. had helped 60. He advised them -------------- in class. A. to not talk B. not to talk C. to talk not D. don’t talk 61. She said to us “Don’t be late again”. A. She said us not to be late again. B. She told us to be not late again. C. She told to us not to be late again. D. She told us not to be late again. 62. “John shouldn’t have behaved so badly.”, said Janet. A. Janet doesn't like John's behaviors. B. Janet was angry with John. C. Janet disliked John. D. Janet objected to John's behaviors. 63. John said “You had better not lend them any money, Daisy”. A. John said Daisy not to lend them any money. B. John advised Daisy should not lend any money. C. John said to Daisy not lend them any money. D. John advised Daisy not to lend them any money. 64. “I’m sorry I have to leave so early’, he said. A. He apologized for having to leave early. B. He apologized to have to leave early. C. He apologized that he has to leave early. D. He apologized to have left early. 65. “Can I borrow your pen please, Sam?”, said Gillian. A. Gillian asked Sam if she can borrow his pen. B. Gillian asked Sam if she could borrow his pen. C. Gillian asked Sam she can borrow his pen. D. Gillian asked Sam she could borrow his pen. 66 .“Where did you go last night, Nam?”, said Hoa A. Hoa said to Nam where had he gone the night before. B. Hoa said to Nam where he had gone the night before. C. Hoa told Nam where he had gone last night. D. Hoa asked Nam where he had gone the night before. 67. “What were you doing last night, Mr. John?” The police asked. A. The police asked what were you doing last night, Mr. John..

(48) B. The police asked Mr. John what he had been doing the night before. C. The police asked Mr. John what had he been done the night before. D. The police asked Mr. John what he had done the night before. 68. He said he would do it --------------. A. yesterday B. the following day C. the previous day D. the day before 69. Claire wanted to know what time --------------. A. do the banks close B. the banks closed C. did the banks close D. the banks would close 70. Ann -------------- and left. A. said good bye B. said me good bye C. told me good bye D. goodbye me Exercise 2: Rewrite the following sentences : 1. “Push as hard as you can” She said to me.  She told me _____________________________________________________________________ 2. “Don’t wait for me if I am late” He said to her.  He told her _____________________________________________________________________ 3. “Where are you from, Nam?” said Mai.  Mai asked_______________________________________________________________________ 4. Mary said “ I cannot go to the cinema with you, John”.  She ___________________________________________________________________________ 5. Tom asked Mary “Did you phone me last night?”  Tom wanted to know_____________________________________________________________ 6. He asked me “Why didn’t you go to school yesterday?”.  He asked me___________________________________________________________________ 7. Why don’t you stop smoking?” the doctor said to him.  The doctor advised him ____________________________________________________________ 8. “How many students are there in your class?”  The man asked me ________________________________________________________________ 9. “Have you seen John recently?” said Ann.  Ann asked me ___________________________________________________________________ 10. The policeman said to her : “Show me your driving licence.”  The policeman ordered ____________________________________________________________ 11. He said : “Did you see Mary yesterday ?”  He wanted to know _______________________________________________________________ 12. He said : “Would you mind telling me the time ?”  He told _________________________________________________________________________ 13. I said to my friend : “When did you buy your new car ?  I asked __________________________________________________________________________ 14. My friend said to me : “We have known everything about that.”  My friend told ____________________________________________________________________ 15. Helen said : “What did you say, Jack ?”  Helen asked Jack __________________________________________________________________ 16. 'You'd better look for a new job, Andrew.'  Jane advised ______________________________________________________________________ 17. 'It was nice of you to invite me to your birthday party. Thanks very much.  Mike thanked________________________________________________________________________ 18. 'I must. have made a mistake in the calculations.'  Mr Forest admitted __________________________________________________________________ 19. 'I'll pay for the meal.'  Sarah insisted _____________________________________________________________________ 20.Perhaps we can go to Paris for the weekend.'  Neil suggested ____________________________________________________________________ 21. 'I'm sorry I couldn't come to visit you last summer.'  Kate apologized ___________________________________________________________________.

(49) 22.'We'll organize the Christmas party.'  They promised ______________________________________________________________________ 23.I hear you won the championship. Congratulations!'  Dane congratulated _________________________________________________________________ 24. 'You're selfish.'  Jane accused _______________________________________________________________________ 25 . 'You mustn't drink too much caffeine.'  Marta warned ______________________________________________________________________ Unit 4 :Passive Voice  Exercise 1:Change into passive voice: 1. The teacher always welcomes new students. ______________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Thomas Edison invented the phonograph in 1877. ______________________________________________________________________________________ 3. The police found two children in the forest. ______________________________________________________________________________________ 4. They will send your order as soon as possible. ______________________________________________________________________________________ 5. The scientists are studying the problem carefully. ______________________________________________________________________________________ 6. Pat Murphy was riding the horse. ______________________________________________________________________________________ 7. The police have just arrested the robbers. ______________________________________________________________________________________ 8. They can use this room after 5p.m. ______________________________________________________________________________________ 9. They have to repair the engine of the car. → __________________________________________________________________________________ 10.. People must repair that old building. ______________________________________________________________________________________ 11. People don’t learn a foreign language in a short time. ______________________________________________________________________________________ 12. Did Henry write that book years ago ? ______________________________________________________________________________________ 13. I wasn’t introduced to any of the guests. ______________________________________________________________________________________ 14. You should place matches out of reach of children. ______________________________________________________________________________________ 15. People say that inflation is getting out of control. ______________________________________________________________________________________ 16. I heard her singing very beautifully. ______________________________________________________________________________________ 17.The robbers made the bank manager to hand over the money. ______________________________________________________________________________________ 18. They let us go. _____________________________________________________________________________________ 19.The police stopped Tom on the highway and made him show his I.D card. _____________________________________________________________________________________ 20. People believe that 13 is an unlucky number. _____________________________________________________________________________________.

(50) 21. They should announce that news as soon as possible. →______________________________________________________________________ 22. They say that John is the brightest student in class. _____________________________________________________________________________________ 23. They reported that the troops were coming. _____________________________________________________________________________________ 24. People saw him steal your car. _____________________________________________________________________________________ 25. She advised me to sell that house. _____________________________________________________________________________________ Exercise 2: Choose the most correct answer: 1. The boy_____ by the teacher yesterday. A. punish B. punished C. punishing D. was punished 2. “Ms Jones, please type those letters before noon”_ “They’ve already ______,sir. They’re on your desk.” A. typed B. been being typed C. being typed D. been typed 3. Today, many serious childhood diseases _____ by early immunization. A. are preventing B. can prevent C. prevent D. can be prevented 4. They had a boy _______ that yesterday. A. done B. to do C. did D. do 5. We get our mail ______ yesterday. A. been delivered B. delivered C. delivering D. to deliver 6. My wedding ring ______ yellow and white gold. A. is made B. is making C. made D. make 7. If your brother _______ , he would come. A. invited B. were invited C. were inviting D. invite 8. Mr. Wilson is _______ as Willie to his friend. A. known B. knew C. is known D. know 9. References _____ in the examination room. A. not are used B. is not used C. didn’t used D. are not used 10. Laura ______ in Boston. A. are born B. were born C. was born D. born 11. His car needs ________. A. be fixed B. fixing C. to be fixing D. fixed 12. Her watch needs _______. A. repairing B. to be repaired C. repaired D. A and B 13. My mother is going _____ this house. A. sold B. sell C. to be sold D. to sell 14. There’s somebody behind us. I think we are _______. A. being followed B. are followed C. follow D. following 15. Have you _____ by a dog? A. bite B. bit C. ever been bitten D. ever been bit 16. The room is being _____ at the moment. A. was cleaned B. cleaned C. cleaning D. clean 17. It _____ that the strike will end soon. A. is expected B. expected C. are expected D. was expected 18. It is _____ that many people are homeless after the floods. A. was reported B. reports C. reported D. reporting 19. He was said _____ this building. A. designing B. to have designed C. to designs D. designed 20. Ted ______ by a bee while he was sitting in the garden. A. got sting B. got stung C. get stung D. gets stung 21. These tennis courts don’t _____ very often. Not many people want to play. A. got used B. used C. get used D. get use.

(51) 22. I’ll get Minh _____ do this for you. A. do B. done C. did D. to do 23. “What a beautiful dress you are wearing”- “thanks, it_____ especially for me by a French tailor.” A. is made B. has made C. made D. was made 24. Somebody cleans the room everyday. A. The room everyday is cleaned. B. The room is every day cleaned. C. The room is cleaned everyday. D. The room is cleaned by somebody everyday. 25. People don’t use this road very often. A. This road is not used very often. B. Not very often this road is not used. C. This road very often is not used. D. This road not very often is used. 26. How do people learn languages? A. How are languages learned? B. How are languages learned by people? C. How languages are learned? D. Languages are learned how ? 27. Over 1500 new houses _______ each year. Last year, 1720 new houses _______. A. were built/ were built B. are built/ were built C. are building / were built D. were built/ were being built 28. Tom bought that book yesterday. A. That book was bought by Tom yesterday. B. That book was bought yesterday by Tom. C. That book yesterday was bought by Tom D. That book was bought yesterday. 29. The new computer system _____ next month. A. is be installed B. is being installed C. is been installed D. is being installed by people 30. They will build a new house in our town. Means _________ A. a new house will be build in our town B. a new house will be built in our town C. our town will be build a new house D. our town will be build a new house 31. They cancelled all flights because of fog. A. All flights were because of fog were cancelled. B. All flight were cancelled because of fog. C. All flight were because of fog cancelled. D. All flights were cancelled by them of fog. 32. They had to postpone the meeting because of illness. A. The meeting because of illness had to be postponed. B. The meeting had to because of illness be postponed. C. The meeting had to postponed by them because of illness. D. The meeting had to be postponed because of illness 33. They are building a new highway around the city. A.A new highway around the city is being built. B.A new highway is being built around the city by them. C.A new highway is being built around the city. D. Around the city a new highway is being built. 34. They will ask you a lot of questions at the interview. A. You will be asked a lot of questions at the interview B. You will be asked a lot of questions at the interview by them. C. A lot of questions will be asked you at the interview. D. A lot of questions will be asked at the interview. 35. They have built a new hospital near the airport. A.A new hospital near the airport has been built. B.A new hospital has been built near the airport by them. C.A new hospital has been built near the airport. D. Near the airport a new hospital has been. 36. Alice didn’t make that pie. Did Mrs Franch make it ? A. That pie weren’t made by Alice. Was it made by Mrs Franch? B.That pie wasn’t made by Alice. Did it be made by Mrs Franch? C.That pie aren’t made by Alice. Was it made by Mrs Franch? A. That pie wasn’t made by Alice. Was it made by Mrs franch?.

(52) 37. Does Professor Jackson teach that course? A. Is that course teached by Prof. Jackson? B. Has that course been taught by Prof.Jackson? C.Is that course taught by Prof.Jackson? D. Was that course taught by Prof.Jackson? 38. James……..the news as soon as possible. A. should tell B. should be told C.should told D. should be telled 39. I tried my best, but the windows………..by me. A. could open B.could be open C.could be opened D. could opened 40. Sarah is wearing a blouse. It ……… of cotton. A.be made B.are made C.is made D.made 41. They have watched the music programme on T.V since 3 o’clock. A. The music programme on T.V have been seen since 3 o’clock B. The music programme on T.V has been seen since 3 o’clock. C. The music programme on T.V have be seen since 3 o’clock. D. The music programme on T.V had been seen since 3 o’clock. 42. People said that Tom stole that bicycle. A. Tom is said to steal that bicycle. B. Tom is said that to steal that bicycle. C. Tom was said to steal that bicycle. D. Tom were said to steal that bicycle. 43. People believed that John is a good person. A. It is believed that John is a good person. B. It was believed that John is a good person C. It believes that John is a good person D. It believed that John is a good person. 44. Mary is reading newspapers now. A. Newspapers are read by Mary now. B. Newspapers being read by Mary now. C. Newspapers are being read by Mary now. D. Newspapers are reading by Mary now. 45. The storm has delayed the 11.20 flight to London. A. The 11.20 flight has been delayed to London by the storm. B. The 11.20 flight to London has been delayed by the storm. C. The 11.20 flight to London has delayed the storm. D. All are correct. 46. People believe that hundreds of homeless children are living on the streets. A. It is believed that hundreds of homeless children are living on the streets. B. Hundreds of homeless children are believed to be living on the streets. C. Hundreds of homeless children believe to be living on the streets. D. A & B are correct. 47.You should give us this information. A. We should give you this information. C. We should be give this information. B. We should be given this information. D. This information should give us. 48. They are repairing our car at the garage. A. Our car is repairing at the garage. B. Our car is being repairing at the garage. C. Our car is being repaired at the garage D. They are being repaired our car at the garage. 49. No one has cleaned the floor for weeks. A. The floor hasn’t been cleaned for weeks. B. The floor has been cleaned by someone for weeks. C. The floor hasn’t cleaned for weeks. D. A & B are correct. 50. We will finish the report in time. A. The report will finish in time. C. The report will be finish in time. B. The report will be finished in time. D. The report is finished in time. Exercise 3:Chän 1 lçi sai trong nh÷ng c©u sau: 1. (A)Do you want (B)being (C)woken up (D)tomorrow morning? 2. That is (A)a (B)new circus which (C)formed (D)in 1992. 3. The bridge (A)was hitting by a large ship (B)during a (C)sudden storm (D)last week. 4. The destruction (A)of most of (B)the city of London (C)made by a fire (D)in 1600s. 5. The romantic poet Keats (A)died (B)by tuberculosis (C)at (D)a very young age..

(53) 6. Science (A)has been dividing (B)into areas (C)to (D)help organize the knowledge. 7. ( A)The robbers (B)arrest by the police (C)last week have just (D)escaped from the prison. 8. A social worker who (A)wanted to (B)speak to Mrs. Hamilton (C)attacked and (D)badly bitten by one of her dogs. 9. (A)Most of (B)the films (C)made (D)for entertainment. 10. Peter (A)is said (B)being (C)good (D)at English. 11. (A)The switch (B)must not be touch (C)while the machine is working. 12. The report (A)has not be examined (B)by the (C)committee of experts (D)yet. 13. (A)The matter (B)will discussing (C)at the (D)next meeting. 14. He (A)was think (B)to be the most (C)handsome boy (D)in our class. 15. (A)All the main (B)streets (C)in this city (D)are be widening. 16. Peter (A)usually (B)has his car (C)washing (D)at weekend. 17. (A)Do you know the boy (B)whose bicycle (C)was stole (D)last night ? 18. (A)Until I (B)got enough money, the picture (C)that I wanted (D)had sold. 19. (A)Hand me the letters (C)type (C)by the secretary (D)yesterday. 20. Tom (A)is consider (B)to be the (C)best student (D)in his class. 21. It’s (A)believes that (B)our lives (C)will (D)be better in the future. 22. That actress (A)has had (B)her dresses (C)make (D)there. 23. (A)Many people (B)think (C)this novel (D)writing by Ngo Tat To. 24. (A)Most lasers (B)are be used in (C)medical and (D)scientific field. 25. Your(A) question can(B) only answer(C) by an (D) excellent student. 26. I (A)was informed (B)that you (C)had been see (D)in Athens. 27. (A)This house (B)has been build (C)since (D)last month. 28. He (A)couldn’t read French (B)so he (C)had the letter (D)translating into English. 29. He is very(A) brave. (B) His friends (C) are impresses by his (D)bravery. 30. I (A) had my motorbike (B) repair yesterday (C) but now it still (D) doesn’twork Unit 5: Conditional Sentences  Exercise 1: Cho dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc: 1. I (be)_________ angry if it turns out that you are wrong. 2. If he (finish)__________ with the computer, I will put it away. 3. If you leave now, you (be) _________ home in 2 hours. 4. You (have to) ___________ finish writing it if you want to leave now. 5. If it (not rain)__________ we will have the party outside. 6. If I (live)__________ out of town, I would take up the garden. 7. I (not mind) ________________ living in Sapa if the weather were better. 8. If Mr. Hai (be) _____________ still a teacher, he wouldn’t permit such a bad behavior. 9. We would be fine if we (leave) _________________ in the next ten minutes. 10. I’m homeless. If I (have)_________ money now, I (buy) ______________ a big house. 11. If we had missed the train yesterday, we (be) ________________ late for the meeting. 12. It’s good that you reminded me about Ann’s birthday. I (forget) ____________if you hadn’t reminded me. 13. The accident was your fault. If you had driven more carefully, it (not happen)________________. 14. The view was wonderful. If I (have)_____________ a camera, I would have taken some photographs. 15. If you had told me you needed money, I (lend)_____________ you some. 16. If it (be) _______ convenient, let’s meet at three o’clock. 17. If I had known that the baby was hungry, I (feed) ___________ him. 18. He (come) ___________ if you waited. 19. If she had had your address, she (write) ___________ to you. 20. We lost the match. If you (play) ______________ for us, we (win) __________. 21. He (not, have) _______________ an accident if he had not been driving so fast. 22. Had I known that she was sick, I (visit) ___________ her. 23. If today (be) ___________ Sunday, we wouldn’t have to work..

(54) 24. If I became very rich, I (build ) ___________ a hospital for the poor. 25. If you (ring) _______________ the bell, the servant would come. Exercise 2: Chọn phơng án tốt nhất để hoàn thành các câu sau 1. If I ______ the bus this afternoon, I will get a taxi instead. A. miss B. will miss C. missed D. had missed 2. `We’ll have to go without John if he ______ soon. A. won’t arrive B. will arrive C. arrives D. doesn’t arrive 3. If I make some coffee, _____ the cake? A. do you cut B. will you cut C. are you cutting D. don’t you cut 4. If you ______ your homework, I _____ you watch TV. A. won’t do/ let B. did/ won’t let C. don’t do/ won’t let D. won’t do/ don’t let 5. If you _____ this switch, the computer _____ on. A. press/ comes B. will press/ comes C. press/ can come D. have pressed/ will comes 6. ____ you, I would think twice about that decision. It could be a bad move. A. If I am B. should I be C. were I D. if I had been 7. “Would you like some cake?”- “no thanks. If I ________ cake, I ______ fat.” A. ate/ will get B. ate/ would get C. would eat/could get D. am eating/ will get 8. Pam broke her arm in the accident. It____ much worse if she hadn’t been wearing her seat belt. A. will be B. would have been C. was D. were 9. “My boss made me work overtime again.”_ “if I _____ you, I _____ my job.” A. were/ would have quit B. am/ will quit C. was/ must quit D. were/ would quit 10. “John went to the hospital alone.”- “Did he? If he_____ me with him.” A. told/ would go B. told/ might have gone C. had told/ could go D. had told/ would have gone 11. “My car broke down when I was leaving London ”. – “_____, we’d _____ you up.” A. if we had known/ pick B. had we known/ have picked C. if we’d known/ picked D. if we knew/ pick 12. “I don’t know whether to take that job or not”- “_____ you, I _____ it. ” A. if I had been/ would have taken B. should I be/ will take C. if I were/would have taken D. were I/ would take 13. “ You look tired ”- “well, if you ____ me up in the middle of the night, I _____ so tired.” A. didn’t wake/ wouldn’t have been B. hadn’t woken/ wouldn’t be C. hadn’t woken/ wouldn’t have been D. don’t wake/ won’t be 14. ____ resigned, we would have been forced to sack him. A. Had he not B. Hadn’t he C. He had not D. He not had 15. If you _____ me about the bad service, we’d have eaten there. A. didn’t tell B. wouldn’t have told C. hadn’t told D. had told 16. The teacher was absent today, so class was canceled. If she _____ absent again tomorrow, class____ tomorrow, too. A. is/ will cancel B. is/ will be canceled C. was/ would be canceled D. was/ would cancel 17. If you ______ to my advice in the first place, you______ in this mess right now. A. listen/ won’t be B. had listened/ wouldn’t have been C. will listened/ wouldn’t be D. had listened/ wouldn’t be 18. If he ____ me, I’ll be ready to help him. A. ask B. will ask C. asks D. to ask 19. When winter comes, I ____ a new coat. A. buying B. buy C. will buy D. buys 20. What would Tom do if he ____ the truth? A. would know B. has know C. knows D. knew 21. If I ____ you, I wouldn’t do that..

(55) A. be B. were C. was D. had been 22. If I had money now, I _____ a car. A. will buy B. buy C. would buy D. had bought 23. It would have been a much more accident if she _____ fast at the time. A. was driving B. had driven C. drove D. drive 24. If I had been absent from class yesterday, I____ the math test A. would missed B. would have missed C. will miss D. miss 25. If you _____ here earlier, you _____ her. A. had come/ would have met B. come /meet C. came/would meet D. comes will meet 26. If I _____ a millionaire, I ______ a Civic Honda. A. am/ will buy B. was/ would buy C. was/ would have bought D. were/ would buy 27. “ Here is my phone number”- “thanks, I _______ you a call if I _____ some help.” A. will give/ will need B. would give/ needed C. will give/ need D. give/ need 28. If I _____ wings, I _____ take an airplane to fly home. A. have/ won’t have to B. had/ wouldn’t have to C. have/ will have to D. had/ didn’t have to 29. I think you should stop smoking. A. if I am you, I will stop smoking. B. if I were you, I will stop smoking. C. if I were you, I would stop smoking. D. if I had been you, I would stop smoking. 30. If I were you, I would work harder. A. you would rather not work so hard B. you should work harder C. you should work with me D. do not work so hard. 31. We did not visit the museum because we had no time. A. If we have time, we will visit the museum. B. If we had time, we would visit the museum. C. If we had had time, we would have visited the museum. D. If we had had time, we will visit the museum. 32. He looked frightened as if he ______ a ghost. A. sees B. is seeing C. has seen D. had seen 33. Doctor, I feel as if my head _______ on fire at the moment. A. is B. were C. had been D. be 34. ______You work harder, you will be sacked. A. Whether B. If C. However D. Unless 35. Unless you _____ quiet, I’ll scream. A. don’t keep B. keep C. kept D. didn’t keep 36. I won’t wake unless I ______ the alarm. A. don’t hear B. heard C. hear D. didn’t hear 37. ______, he would have been able to pass the exam. A. If he studied more B. If he were studying more C. studying more D. had he studied more 38. Had I had some more money, I _______ that book. A. Would buy B. will buy C. would have bought D. all are correct 39. ______ if I take a map. A. I will get lost B. I will not get lost C. I would get lost D. I would not get l 40. If cauliflowers ______ from extreme temperatures, the heads get discolored. A. will not be protected B. are not protected C. were not protected D. are not being protected Exercise 3: Put “if” or “unless” into these spaces. 1/ ________ we hurry, we’ll miss the bus. 2/ Will you phone me ________ you come to England ?.

(56) 3/ ________ you see Jane, ask her to contact me. 4/ You’ll never pass your exam ________ you don’t work harder. 5/ Liverpool won’t win ________ they begin playing better. 6/ ________ you forget our address, you can find it in the phone book. 7/ You won’t pass your driving test ________ you drive more carefully. 8/ He’ll be ill ________ he doesn’t stop worrying so much. 9/ We’ll go to the beach tomorrow ________ it’s raining. 10/ We’ll never get there on time ________ the train leaves soon. Exercise 4:Chän mét lçi sai trong c¸c c©u sau: 1. (A)Unless there (B)had been a (C)heavy storm, the climber (D)will not have died. 2. What (A)would happen (B)if there (C)was (D)no water? 3. A)If forests (B)had not been destroyed, there (C)will have been (D)no floods 4. (A)They spent money (B)as if (C)they (D)were very rich. 5. (A)What (B)would you have do (D)if you (D)were in my position? 6. (A)If I (B)had knew the time (C)when the match started, I (D)would have told you. 7. If (A)had I known you (B)were (C)in financial difficulty, I (D)would have helped you. 8. (A)If she (B)had listened (C)to my direction she (D)will not turn down the wrong street. 9. My children (A)won’t go to bed (B)unless they (C)don’t have (D)some money. 10. If you (A)keep on (B)playing games (C)on the computer, I (D)would sell it. 11. (A)Unless it (B)rains, we (C)will stay (D)at home. 12. (A)If I (B)am (C)a director, I (D)would make more film about children. 13. We (A)will go (B)to see the film “Titanic” (C)if the weather (D)is fine or not. 14. (A)Had he planned (B)on going, he (C)will have let us (D)know. 15. If you hadn’t (A) left the car(B) unlocked, it (C) wouldn’t have(D) be stolen. Exercise 5 : Rewrite the following sentences using If clauses. 1. I don’t have enough money. I can’t go on a long holiday this year.  If _______________________________________________________________________________ 2. He is very slow, so we won’t give his such an important task.  If _______________________________________________________________________________ 3. He works overtime to get more money because he has to pay father’s debt.  If _______________________________________________________________________________ 4. City life isn’t enjoyable because everything is very expensive.  If _______________________________________________________________________________ 5. You’ll ask the teacher. He’ll explain the lesson to you.  If _______________________________________________________________________________ 6. Mary doesn’t see the sight. She can’t tell you about that.  If _______________________________________________________________________________ 7. I don’t know his address. I can’t give it to you..

(57)  If _______________________________________________________________________________ 8. She was ill. She didn’t go to work.  If _______________________________________________________________________________ 9. It was raining all morning. We didn’t go out.  If _______________________________________________________________________________ 10. He was tired. He made a mistake.  If ______________________________________________________________________________ 11. Peter didn’t write to me. I didn’t write to him.  If _______________________________________________________________________________ 12. You didn’t ask Alice. She didn’t tell you the truth.  If _______________________________________________________________________________ 13. She can’t speak English. She won’t apply for the job.  If _______________________________________________________________________________ 14. He wasn’t here. He didn’t have a lot of fun.  If _______________________________________________________________________________ 15. Everything on the earth grows well because the sun always shines.  If _______________________________________________________________________________ Unit 6 : Relative Clause  Exercise 1: Chọn đáp án đúng để hoàn thành các câu sau: 1) What’s the name of the man________? A. you borrowed his car B. which car you borrowed C. whose car you borrowed D. his car you borrowed 2) Colin told me about his job,_______ very much. A. that he’s enjoying B. which he’s enjoying C. he’s enjoying D. he’s enjoying it 3) Sheila couldn’t come to the party, _______ was a pity. A. that B. it C. what D. which 4) Some of the people ______ to the party can’t come. A. inviting B. invited C. who invited D. they were invited 5) Do you know the woman ______ lives next door? A. she B. who C. whom D. her 6) They are never on time, can’t be explained A. who B. that C. what D. which 7) A pensioner is someone _____ no longer works and gets money from the state. A. whom B. whose C. which D. that 8) The man _____ answered the telephone told me you were away. A. whom B. he C. who D. what 9) Some people ______ were arrested, have now been released. A. that B. which C. whom D. X 10) They give their children everything _____ they want. A. what B. x C. who D. how 11) Tell me _____ you want and I’ll try to get it for you. A. that B. how C. what D. A and C 12) The women ______ he fell in love left him after a few weeks. A. with whom B. who C. to whom D. for whom 13) Do you still remember the day ______ we first met?.

(58) A. where B. whom C. which D. when 14) I don’t know the name of the woman _______ I spoke on the phone. A. whom B. who C. to whom D. to that 15) This school is often for children _____ first language is not English. A. who B. that C. whose D. X 16) Fortunately we had a map, _____we would have got lost. A. no which B. without which C. none that D. without that 17) They asked me a lot of questions, _____ I couldn’t answer. A. all of whom B. that C. all of which D. who 18) The secretary was the only people _____ by the traffic chaos. A. delay B. delayed C. who delayed D. whom delayed 19) An obstacle is something, ______ your way. A. blocked B. to block C. that is blocked D. which is blocking 20) _____ I really need is a long holiday. A. That B. What C. Which D. Who 21) A chemical company ______ has gone bankrupt. A. to employ 4000 people B. employing 4000 people C. employ 4000 people D. that was employed 4000 people 22) The picture ______ Laura painted is being shown in an exhibition. A. that B. which C. why D. A and B 23) The plane ______ has just taken off is an hour late. A. it B. what C. which D. who 24) I had just only one reply. Albco was the _______ company to reply my letter. A. last B. most C. only D. second 25) The week _____ Mike went to camping was the wettest of the year. A. which B. when C. how D. who 26) Which is the European country ______ economy is growing the fastest? A. who B. what C. whose D. that 27) Martin is someone with _____ I usually agree. A. that B. which C. who D. whom 28) Melanie was looking after a dog ______ leg had been broken in an accident. A. who B. whose C. that D. what 29) I’d like to see the photo _____ A. took B. you took it C. that you took D. that you took it 30) There are people ______ no one cares. A. about which B. who C. for whom D. to whom 31) That is a problem, the government is now dealing. A. to which B. with which C. with how D. which 32) It rained all the time, _____ was a great pity. A. that B. what C. which D. who 33) A hammer is a tool _____ you hit nails with. A. that B. which C. what D. A and B 34) The Titanic, ______, was supposed to be unsinkable. A. that sinking in 1922 B. which sank in 1922 C. sink in 1922 D. that sank in 1922 35) ______ was caused by breathing impure air was once a common belief. A. Malaria B. That malaria C. Why malaria D. For malaria 36) One basic question psychologists have tried to answer is ______ . A. people learn B. how do people learn C. people learn how D. how people learn 37) Is that the lawyer to _____ you spoke? A. who B. what C. whom D. which 38) The melting point is the temperature ______ a solid changes to a liquid. A. which B. at which C. at D. which at 39) Most folks songs are ballads_______ have simple words and tell simple stories..

(59) A. what B. whose C. how D. that 40) A battery is a device ______ electricity by chemical means. A. it produces B. by which production of C. produces D. which produces 41) In geometry, a tangent is a straight line ______ a curve at only one point. A. it touches B. whose touching C. its touching D. that touches 42) Some ancient units such as the day, the foot, and the pound, ______ today. A. are still in use B. that are still in use C. which are still in use D. still in use 43) The scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) ______ by high school students as a requirement for admission to many colleges. A. which is taken B. is taken C. taken D. is taking 44) Camp David ______ the official country home of the U.S presidents. A. that is B. that it is C. it is D. is 45) In a meritocracy, intelligence and ability _______ more than social position or wealth. A. which value B. that are valued C. valuing D. are valued 46) I have just bought a television set ______ made in Japan. A. which made B. in which made C. who is made D. made 47) David was the only person _____ his help. A. who offers B. to offer C. that will offer D. offering 48) They took her to the hospital, ______is only a mile away. A. which B. where C. in which D. that 49) I always remember my school day ______I felt very happy together with my classmates and teachers. A. on which B. on that C. where D. which 50) Love, _______is the most wonderful feeling comes to me now. A. that B. which C. what D. who 51) Tennis fans _____ tickets have been queuing all night at Wimbledon. A. who are hoped to buy B. whom hoped to buy C. hoping to buy D. hoped to buy 52) Tom was the last member ______ the club last night. A. that leaves B. left C. to leave D. who leaving 53) The authority have a message for people ______ by the traffic. A. delaying B. who delayed C. to be delayed D. delayed 54) The guest on our program will be the youngest _______ the quiz. A. to win B. that wins C. who is winning D. won 55) The library didn’t have ____ I want. A. which B. that C. what D. whose 56) The building _____ by Mr. Pike looks terrible. A. which decorated B. decorating C. whose decorated D. decorated 57) _______ that Columbus sailed to America. A. In 1492 B. It was in 1492 C. That was in 1492 D. It is in 1492 58) Mrs. Jackson, _______ used to be very beautiful, is now suffering from a fatal disease. A. who B. whose C. she D. that 59) The book_____ my father is interested is very expensive. A. in which B. which in C. which D. in that 60) The meeting _____ was very boring. A. that Jane attended B. where Jane attended C. who Jane attended D. attending by Jane 61) It was on Monday _______ left. A. when B. where C. that D. how 62) I felt very sorry for the woman _____ was stolen. A. that her car B. whose car C. which her car D. A and C 63) I enjoy taking a walk at night _____the roads are very quiet. A. which B. that C. where D. when 64) I wanted to know ____ she remained so thoughtful. A. why B. which C. in which D. what 65) My car broke down, _____ a real nuisance..

(60) A. that was B. which was C. which were D. where was 66) Do you remember the day _____ into this house? A. that we moved B. when we moved C. where we moved D. A and B 67) This bed, _____ he used to rest on, is made of wood. A. where B. which C. that D. A and C 68) Florida, ______ the Sunshine State, attracts many tourists every year. A. is B. known as C. is known as D. that is known as 69) That contract, about _____ we had a disagreement last month, has now gone through. A. that B. what C. whom D. which 70) He was unwilling to explain the reason ______ he was absent. A. why B. that C. of D. for 71) The reason I left is ______ I was bored. A. why B. that C. why D. for 72) Were you able to locate the person ______ wallet you found? A. which B. whose C. that his D. that’s 73) The movie ______ last night was terrific. A. I went to B. I went to it C. I went D. that I went 74) There was a small room into ______were all crowded. A. it B. where C. that D. which 75) She is the most intelligent girl ______ I’ve met. A. who B. whose C. that D. which 76) A philatelist is a person ________. A. that stamp collecting B. who collect stamps C. whose collect stamps D. all are correct 77) She passed her exam, _______ made her parents proud. A. who B. which C. that D. B and C 78) Many patients ______ suffer from cancer can be saved by the treatment of lasers. A. who B. whom C. which D. whose 79) The girl _____ near the door is my new friend. A. who is standing B. standing C. that is standing D. all are correct 80) I like Hamlet, a play ______ Shakespeare. A. was written by B. written by C. that written by D. all are correct 81) She was carefully opening the drawer ______ she kept her precious things. A. in which B. where C. in that D. A and B 82) Please tell me ______ you look so sad. A. why the reason B. the reason why C. that the reason D. the reason that 83) I have two sisters _____ are doctors. A. both of which B. who both C. both of whom D. whom both 84) A new varieties of rice _____ is adapted to harsh climatic conditions has been developed A. what B. where C. that D. who 85) Sam’s uncle, ______ is very rich, came to visit our orphanage. A. that B. who C. whom D. whose 86) La Guardian Airport in New York City, ____ after Fiorello La Guardian, is one of New York’s most popular mayors. A. which is named B. named C. which named D. is named 87) Do you know any restaurant ______? A. have a really good meal B. where we can have a really good meal C. has a really good meal D. that we can have a really good meal 88) When ______ is not known. A. was the wheel invented B. the invention of wheel C. it was invented the wheel D. the wheel was invented 89) In 1850, Yale University established Sheffield Scientific School ______. A. engineers were educated there B. where engineers were educated there C. where engineers were educated D. in which engineers were educated.

(61) 90) ______ are your children’s needs. A. What you must know B. That you must know C. Whom you must know D. Which you must know Exercise 2 : Write who, that, which, where, when, or why or nothing to complete these sentences : 1/ Have you got the money ___________ I lent you yesterday ? 2/ Peter, ___________ I had seen earlier, wasn’t at the party. 3/ This is the machine ___________ cost half a million pounds. 4/ Mary, ___________ had been listening to the conversation, looked angry. 5/ Have you read the book ___________ I gave you ? 6/ The house, ___________ they bought three months ago, looks lovely. 7/ Mrs.Jackson, ___________ had been very ill, died yesterday. 8/ Is this the person ___________ stole your handbag ? 9/ The dog, ___________ had been very quiet, suddenly started barking. 10/ I didn’t receive the letters ___________ she sent me. 11/ My mother, ___________ hadn’t been expecting visitors, looked surprised. 12/ The old man, ___________ had been talking to them earlier, knew that they were in the building. 13/ The horse, ___________ had been injured by the flying stones, was very frightened. 14/ We didn’t like the secetary ___________ the agency sent. 15/ I didn’t find the money ___________ you said you’d left. 16/ We visited the school ___________ my father taught. 17/ I met her last month, ___________ she came to our house. 18/ We all looked at the place ___________ the fire had started. 19/ Did they tell you the reason ___________ they were late? 20/ The cat sat on the wall ___________ it had a good view of the birds. 21/ They arrived in the evening, at a time ___________ we were all out. 22/ I couldn’t understand the reason ___________ they were so rude. 23/ I met him in the cafeù ___________ he was working as a waiter. 24/ I listen to music late at night, ___________ the children have gone to bed. 25/ I bought them in August, ___________ I was in France Exercise 3: Chän mét lçi sai trong c¸c c©u sau: 1. On the way home, we saw a lot of men, women, and dogs which were playing in the park. A B C D 2. The man whom remained in the office was the manager. A B C D 3. This novel, which written by a well known writer, should be read. A B C D 4. My friend George, that arrived late, was not permitted to enter the class. A B C D 5. This is the only place which we can obtain scientific information. A B C D 6. Chemistry is one branch of science on that most of the industries depend. A B C D 7. 1975 is the year in when the revolution took place. A B C D 8. Mr. Brown, that teaches me English, is coming today. A B C D 9. The hotel where we stay in last year was excellent. A B C D 10. At last they found the woman and her cat which were badly injured by the fire. A B C D 11. They have told me some information most of whom is very useful. A B C D 12. New Year day is the day where all my family members gather and enjoy it together..

(62) A B C D 13. Do you know the reason when English men travel to the left? A B C D 14. The car who I bought used to be my father’s. A B C D 15. Alan said that it was her which had stolen his suitcase. A B C D 16. Stratford is the town there William Shakespeare, a great Enligh playwright was born and died. A B C D 17. I really don’t know the reason on which Sam was sacked. A B C D 18. The biggest city in Brazil is Sao Paulo which population is over 5 million. A B C D 19. She is one of my relatives whom get a Ph. D degree. A B C D 20. Janet, her father is our teacher, is very good at mathematics. A B C D 21. What is the name of the girl whom has just come in? A B C D 22. Andy was standing among the competitors whose were ready for the competition. A B C D 23. Many films whose are about violence are harmful to our children. A B C D 24. The artist whom pictures we saw yesterday is also a concert pianist. A B C D 25. Since last Monday, I didn’t meet Mr. Hai, who is our form teacher. A B C D 26. Whom wrote this novel? – Charles Dickens did. A B C D 27. New York is the largest city where I have ever visited. A B C D 28. The time which we will have another discussion should be appointed as soon as possible. A B C D 29. Do you know the boy whose bicycle was stole last night? A B C D 30. Mr. Hung, to that we complained, apologized for the mistake. A B C D 31. The Thames, when I spent my childhood, is always in my mind. A B C D 32. Dr Xuan, that lives next door, is willing to help poor patients. A B C D 33. The teacher whom was respected by all his students teaches English. A B C D 34. My mother, for that I buy these flowers, likes roses. A B C D 35. John found a cat which leg was broken. A B C D 36. I need the book whom I lent you last week. A B C D 37. He is the man who his novel won the first prize last year. A B C D 38. The students who don’t have library cards they can’t borrow books from the library..

(63) A B C D 39. There are not many people which adapt to a new culture without feeling some disorientation at first. A B C D 40.Miss Huong and her motorcycle who were reported missing in the storm last week have been found unhurt. A B C D. Lesson 7: Adverb Clauses And Phrases  Exercise1:Underline the correct option in each of the following sentences: 1. The school boy are in a hurry (not to/ in order not to) miss their school bus. 2. They were talking in whispers (so that/ so as) nobody could hear them. 3. My mother needs a tin opener(to open/ for opening) the bottles. 4. Advice is given (in order that / in order to) students can choose the best course. 5. You may put your money in a small coin bank (so that/ in order to) keep it safe. Exercise2: Fill each blank with BUT – SO – HOWEVER – THEREFORE where appropriate : 1. You could fly via Singapore, ................................, this isn’t the only way. 2.The boy was able to learn English , ........................ he is very lazy. 3.He didn’t attend the lesson , ................................... he could not do his homework. 4.The rice is 5000 dong per kilo, ............................... we bought 10 kilos. 5.Your son is heading the right direction, ........................ I think you should encourage him to learn harder. 6.It was midnight, ........................ the restaurant was still open. 7.It was midnight, ......................... they closed the restaurant and went home. 8.He had written her many times , but she didn’t give any reply , ......... they had been out of touch ever since. 9.We discussed the issue all day, ......................... we couldn’t come to a final conclusion. 10.It started to rain hard , ............................... we decided to stay at home to watch TV. 11.The wind was howling outside, ................................... it was warm and comfortable indoor. 12.The highway was under construction, .............................. we had to take a different route to work. 13. Jackson was going to study all night, ............................ he declined our invitation to dinner. 14,There is still much to discuss . We shall, ........................... , return to this item at our next meeting. 15. The holiday had been a complate disaster. We , ........................ , decide to fly home early if we could.. Exercise3: Choose the most correct option: 1. Mary jogs everyday ______ lose weight. A. so she can B. so that she can 2. We’ll be late ______ we hurry. A. if B. despite 3. She failed the test ______ she studied hard. A. although B. even though 4. You should bring an umbrella ______ it rains. A. if B. unless 5. He went on working ______ feeling unwell.. C. because she can. D. so that to. C. unless. D. when. C. as. D. A and B. C. in case. D. because of.

(64) A. although B. unless C. due to 6. They decided to go ______ the danger. A. because B. in spite of C. although 7. ______ they lost, their fans gave them a big cheer. A. However B. In spite of C. Although 8. Jane has a computer, ______ she doesn’t use it. A. and B. since C. but 9. ______ we had got on the plane, it started to rain. A. If B. While C. Before 10. We have to wait ______ everybody else finishes their turn. A. when B. but C. so 11. Mark heard the news on the radio _______ he was driving home. A. while B. as C. until 12. What are you going to do _______ graduating from university? A. before B. after C. so 13. I am not so good at English, _______ I have to practice more. A. but B. so C. while 14. ______ the fact that she fail the exam, she didn’t look disappointed. A. although B. despite C. in spite of 15. We didn’t go to France last summer______ we couldn’t afford to. A. so B. when C. because 16. You can’t drive a car ______ you have a license. A. unless B. so C. in case 17. ______the flight delay, they didn’t attend the conference. A. Because B. As C. Although 18. The storm was so strong . _____ all the crops were destroyed. A. However B. As a result C. Consequently 19. Everyone thought she would accept the offer ______, she turned it down. A. However B. So C. Too 20. You should look up the meaning of the new in the dictionary _____ misuse it A. so as to B. to C. so as not to 21. I bought this new software _____ Chinese. A. for learning B. learning C. to learn 22. The flight from New York to London was delayed ______ the heavy fog. A. because of B. because C. so 23. It’s _____ city that he’s got lost. A. a such big B. such big C. such a big 24. There are _____ in the universe that we cannot count them. A. so much stars B. so many stars C. such stars many 25. He has ____ to do that he can’t go to the cinema with us. A. so much work B. so many work C. such much work 26. It is _____ book that just a few people like it. A. so an old B. so old C. such old 27. The satellite travel _____ into space that nobody could see it with naked eyes. A. so far B. such far C. too far 28. ______ the bad weather, the plan landed safely. A. in spite B. in spite of C. despite the fact that 29. It was ____ that we went for a walk. A. a beautiful weather B. so a beautiful night C. so nice weather 30. He lighted the candle ______ he might read the note. A. so that B. and C. because 31. _______ his exhaustion, he won the marathon by nearly three minutes. A. In spite B. Despite C. Although. D. despite D. so D. if D. in spite of D. As soon as. D. until D. A and B D. because D. despite D. because of D. because of D. if D. Because of D. B and C D. Moreover D. so that D. learned D. as a result D. a very big D. such stars much D. such a work. D. such an old D. far enough D. though D. such a nice weather D. as a result D. However.

(65) 32. He has worked for the same company _____ he left school. A. because B. since C. then D. for 33. _______ it was raining hard, he went out without a raincoat. A. Despite B. In spite of C. However D. Although 34. The coffee was _____ to drink. A. so strong B. strong C. enough strong D. too strong 35. It was ____ that we went for a hike in the mountains. A. so a nice day B. so nice day C. such nice day D. such a nice day 36. Julie is not _____ to see this film. A. as old enough B. enough old C. enough old as D.old enough 37. ______ I meet her, she always wears a blue dress. A. Whatever B. However C. Whoever D. Whenever 38. The film was ______ through. A. too long for us to see B. very long for us to see it C. too long for us seeing it D. too long enough for us to see 39. Hoa was late _____ her car was broken down. A. if B. whether C. because D. while 40. We couldn’t sleep last night _____ the noise next door. A. although B. since C. because D. because of 41. ______ he can’t afford a car, he goes to work by bicycle. A. Because B. Since C. As D. all are correct 42. ______ I have time, I will go with you, A. If B. Unless C. So D. So that 43. He was too scare ______ me what he really thought. A. tell B. telling C. to tell D. told 44. These boys were punished ______ they went to school late. A. in spite of B. as if C. even though D. because 45. They were sacked _____ their carelessness. A. because B. because of C. although D. despite 46. Will you be ______ kind _____ to help me? A. so/ enough B. too/ enough C. enough/ too D. such/ too 47. Some workers are so poor that they don’t want to quit their job _______ they are ill- treated A. as though B. since C. although D. if 48. He turned off the lights before going out _____ waste electricity. A. so that not B. as not to C. in order that not D. so as not to 49. The school boys are in hurry ______ they will not be late for school. A. so as to B. to C. in order that D. for 50. He ______ I was scared. A. drove too fast that B. drove so fastly that C. drove so fast that D. drove such fast that 51. She dances _____ everybody adores her. A. such beautifully that B. so beautiful that C. too beautifully that D. so beautifully that 52. It is ______ to go swimming. A. too cold B. so cold C. such a cold D. enough cold that 53. The bed is not clean enough ______ . A. to lie in it B. to lie in C. for lying in D. in which to lie 54. The piano was too heavy ______. A. for nobody to move B. for nobody to moving C. for anyone to move D. for anyone to moving 55. He _____ to be offered the job. A. was such experienced B. was too experienced C. B and D D.not experienced enough 56. _______ to go to the cinema. A. it was late so that B. that it was late C. it was too late D. such too late 57. We don’t _____to go there now..

(66) A. have time enough B. enough time C. have too time D. have enough time 58. I don’t think our daughter is _______ to understand this matter. A. too young B. is such young C. not enough young D. not age enough 59. Mrs. Harrison is _____ he owns many palaces. A. so a rich man that B. such an rich man that C. such a rich man that D. that so rich man a 60. He just had to apologize _______ he knew he had made a mistake. A. before B. wherever C. due to D. because 61. I often feel tired ______ I get up in the morning. A. although B. so long as C. when D. while 62. No sooner had he come _______ he knew he had dropped his wallet. A. when B. after C. than D. then 63. _______ the church service, people keep quiet. A. While B. During C. When D. As 64. ______ in doubt about taking the medicine, consult your doctor. A. As B. Though C. As soon as D. When 65. She hasn’t received a single letter from him _______ they both left school. A. as B. because C. since D. now that 66. _______ I am aware, this is the last talk on the topic. A. Where B. As long as C. Since D. As far as 67. He wouldn’t have failed his exams _______ he hadn’t been ill. A. unless B. in case C. if D. although 68. _______ he gets home before us and can’t get in? A. if B. What if C. If only D. Unless 69. _______ you change your mind, I won’t able to help you. A. If only B. Because C. Unless D. Provided 70. _______ you keep it in good condition, I’ll lend you my car. A. So long as B. Although C. Because D. While 71. Fail to pay the bill ______ they will cut off the electricity A. unless B. and C. so D. if 72. It is such an important matter _______ I can’t decide anything about it myself. A. so B. because C. that D. if 73. He hid that letter in a drawer _______ no one could read it. A. so that B. because C. although D. than 74. _______ Tom was unable to see anything, he knew someone was in his room. A. Because B. In case C. If D. Even though 75. _______other workers’ constant objection, the director dismissed the workers. A. Because B. Because of C. Although D. In spite of 76. _______ some scientists use lasers for military purposes, others use them in medicine. A. When B. While C. Until D. However 77. It seems _______ those students haven’t learnt this grammar point before. A. so that B. as if C. such that D. even though 78. They were disqualified_______ they fought to the last minute. A. as B. since C. though D. once 79. The teacher explained the lesson twice _____ the students understood it clearly. A. as long as B. so that C. because D. as if 80. Huong didn’t participate in the contest ______ her lack of confidence. A. because B. because of C. since D. despite 81. It is _____ that I have read it twice. A. such an interesting book B. so interesting a book C. too interesting a book D. A and B 82. Lili is ______ to do this exercise. A. no intelligence enough B. not intelligent enough C. not enough intelligent D. so intelligent enough.

(67) 83. I am _____ a car. A. not rich enough to buy B. too rich enough to buy C. too poor to buy D. A and C 84. The ceiling is ______. A. too high for me to reach B. too high for me to reach it. C. so high for me reaching D. enough high of me to reaching 85. The woman was so beautiful ______. A. that I couldn’t help looking at B. that I couldn’t help looking at her C. for me looking at her D. that for me to look at 86. It is ______ that I would like to go to the beach. A. such a nice weather B. too nice weather C. such nice weather D. such weather nice 87. These are ______ that I can’t finish them. A. a such long assignments B. such long assignments C. such a long assignments D. too long assignments 88. He goes to England_____. A. so that he learns English B. so that he may learn English C. so to learn English D. so he learns English 89. It was too late _____. A. to go for them to the party. B. for them to go to the party. C. because they go to the party. D. so they go to the party. 90. Cindy is sick. She can’t go to work. A. Cindy is too sick to go to work B. Cindy is sick enough to go to work C. Cindy is such sick that she can’t go to work D. Cindy is sick so that she can’t go to work 91. She hid the present______ _______. A. so that the children wouldn’t find it B. in order to the children not to find it C. for the children not find it D. in order that the children not to find it 92. The teacher was explaining the lesson slowly and clearly_____. A. to make his students to understand it B. in order that his students can understand it C. so as to that his students could understand it D. so that his students could understand it 93. They are _____. A. so lazy boys as they are punished B. so lazy boys that they are punished C. such lazy boys that they are punished D. such lazy that they are punished 94. “It was so cold. We couldn’t go out. ” means ______. A. It was so cold that we couldn’t go out B. It was too cold for us to go out C. It was such cold that we couldn’t go out D. A and B 95. The boy always does his homework before class ______. A. so as not to be punished by the teacher B. so as to be punished by the teacher C. so that not to be punished by the teacher D. in order that not to be punished by the teacher 96. “ I tried to study English well. I want to get a good job.” Means________. A. I tried to study English well so that I can get a good job B. I tried to study English well in order that I can get a good job C. I tried to study English well to get a good job D. all are correct 97. “His stomach cancer was too serious to have an operation. ” Means _______. A. His stomach cancer was so serious that the doctor couldn’t operate on him B. His stomach cancer was so serious to have an operation C. His stomach cancer was too serious so that the doctor could operate on him D. His stomach cancer was serious so that to have an operation 98. “They whispered. They didn’t want anyone to hear them.” Means _____. A. They whispered in order to make anyone hear them B. They whispered so that no one could hear them C. They whispered to make everyone hear them D. They whispered in order that make everyone hear them.

(68) 99. “I spoke slowly. The foreigner could understand me. ”means _____. A.I spoke slowly so that the foreigner could understand me B.I spoke slowly in order to the foreigner could understand me C.I spoke such slowly that the foreigner could understand me D.I spoke slowly to make the foreigner could understand me 100. “We preserve natural resources. We can use them in the future.” Means_____. A. We preserve natural resources so that we can use them in the future B. We preserve natural resources so as to we can use them in the future C. We preserve natural resources for future use D. A and C Exercise 4: Chän mét lçi sai trong nh÷ng c©u sau: 1. The prices of accommodation are as big that many people cannot afford to buy a house. A B C D 2. He had smoked so a lot of cigarettes that he died of cancer. A B C D 3. In spite of my father is old, he gets up early and does morning exercises. A B C D 4. Although the bad traffic, I managed to arrive at the meeting on time. A B C D 5. Despite she was in her middle age, she looked very graceful and charming. A B C D 6. The workers went on strikes because of they thought their wages were low. A B C D 7. Please arrive on time in order to we will be able to start the meeting punctually. A B C D 8. It was so a funny film that I burst out laughing. A B C D 9. They had to sell their house because of they had been broke. A B C D 10. They can speak English and use a computer so as to they can easily get a good job. A B C D 11. In order that to buy his new car, he had to borrow his friend some money. A B C D 12. He was tired so that he couldn’t continue his work. A B C D 13. Those students are trying their best in order that to get the scholarship. A B C D 14. Sound is carried from the eardrum to the nerves so as to we can hear it. A B C D 15. Many teachers have devoted all their lives to teaching so teaching is not a well paid job. A B C D 16. Mai has such many things to do that she has no time to go out. A B C D 17. Because it was late, so that he tried to type the contract as fast as possible. A B C D 18. I was such nervous that I didn’t think I would pass the exam. A B C D 19. My only regret is that I didn’t study English good enough to get a good job. A B C D 20. The novel was such interesting that I had read it all night. A B C D Exercise 5: Rewrite the following sentences : 1.He hurried to the station so as not to miss the train.

(69) à He …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 2.Leave early so that you may get home before dark à In order to …………………………………………………………………………………….……………… 3.We should do morning exercises regularly to improve our health à We …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 4.Mary went to the library in order that she could borrow some books à Mary ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 5.She put on warm clothes so that she wouldn’t catch cold à In order ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 6.Please shut the door in order that the dog won’t go out of the house à Please………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 7.My father drove carefully in order not to cause accidents à My father …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 8.He moved to the front row so that he could hear the speaker better à To …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 9. Athough he is sick, he goes to school. à In spite of …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 10. Although Lan was tired, she did all her homework carefully. à Despite ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 11. Everybody has a great regard for her despite her poverty. à Although …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 12. They worked very hard although they were old. à In spite …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 13. Peter didn’t go to school yesterday because he was sick. à Because of …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 14.We didn’t go fishing because the water was rough. à……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………… 15 He is tired because of staying up late last night. à………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Unit 8 :Prepositions & Articles  A. Prepositions Exercise 1: Choose the best option to complete the following sentences 1. When studying abroad, Mary was very happy to get a phone call _____ her parents. A. to B. for C. of D. from 2. Why don’t we stay ______ home _______ a change? A. from/ as B. at / with C. at / for D. at/ on 3. A horse is always mounted ______ the left side. A. on B. to C. from D. at 4. What would you like to have _____ lunch? A. at B. in C. for D. of 5. Surgeons use lasers _______ miraculously accurate scalpels. A. for B. as C. of D. with 6. The Medical Center is close______ the school. A. to B. at C. next D. from 7. Once scientists fully understand the cause ____ a disease, it becomes easier for them to find a cure ___ it. A. of / of B. of / from C. from / in D. of / for 8. There is a shop _____ front _____ my house. A. at / in B. out / next C. in / of D. of / in 9. He jumped ______ until the stinging return to his feet. A. on and off B. out and in C. down and up D. up and down 10. The only way ______ cross the river is ______ swim. A. to / to B. of / by C. on / to D. in / by 11. The summer is over. Pupils and students have to go ______ to school on Monday. A. back B. on C. through D. into.

(70) 12. He threw stones _____ his attackers, trying to drive them _____. A. to / out B. for / up C. at / away D. at / up 13. The medical center is close ______ the campus. A. to B. up C. for D. with 14. I haven’t gone there _____ ages. A. with B. in C. for D. of 15. Most college football games are played ______ Saturdays. A. at B. in C. with D. on 16. Leaves turn color _______ the autumn. A. for B. on C. at D. in 17. _____ the whole, I enjoy the movie. A. On B. In C. At D. Up 18. She’ll come home ______ April. A. on B. in C. at D. for 19. The art museum is located next _____ the museum of natural history on State Street. A. to B. for C. on D. with 20. Minh was born_____ Ho Chi Minh city. A. on B.at C.in D. up 21. Mai graduated _______ the University of Education. A. from B. at C. in D. for 22. English is spoken in many countries all _____ the world. A. in B. over C. at D. from 23. _______ many areas of the world, wars have made lives more miserable. A. on B. from C. in D. at 24. When we arrived _______ the station, the last train had just gone. A. in B. at C. for D. from 25. Approaching ______ the village, we saw the village common in the distance. A. at B. in C. to D. x 26. Fortunately, the company offered _____ me the job I had applied. A. to B. for C. with D. x 27. The pop singer has always received a large number of letter _____ her fans. A. of B. from C. to D. on 28. She was very surprise _____ the grade she received. A. on B. of C. at D. about 29. Blue grass music is somewhat different ____ other types of country music A.to B. from C. with D. upon 30. I’m not familiar _____that song. A. to B. with C. of D. on 31. We are here to provide you _____ the best service possible. A. of B. with C. to D. for 32. Lan doesn’t spend much money ____ clothes. A. over B. at C. on D. with 33. His computer is not capable _____ running this software. A. to B.on C. of D. about 34. The property was divided equally _____ his son and daughter. A. from B. between C. in D. over 35. They are talking ______ one another ______ their last trip. A. with/ about B. with/ on C. to/ about D. A and B 36. Peter, together _______ his wife, paid us a visit last week. A. of B. with C. along D. in 37. Nowadays, most of young people are involved ______ learnirng English. A. of B. with C. along D. in 38. Are you interested _____ learning English?.

(71) A. of B. with C. along D. in 39. I’m so happy to hear from Mary because I haven’t seen her ______ last year. A. for B. on C. since D. A and B 40. He is very sucesssful _____ his job. A. for B. with C. in D. of 41. You are old enough to live _____ yourself, you should not depend _____ parents so much. A. in/ in B. on / on C. by / with D. of/ to 42. When Mr. Pike was young, he was keen ______ playing football. A. of B. on C. at D. in 43. Mary is the most beautiful girl _______ the three sisters. A. in B. of C. with D. on 44. I have no interest ______ playing chess. A. at B. from C. of D. in 45. When he was young, he was very keen _____ playing sport to keep himself fit. A. at B. on C. in D. of 46. If you earn a good salary, you can be independent _____ your parents. A. of B. for C. from D. away 47. I will be responsible ______ what I do. A. with B. for C. from D. on 48. You cannot do well two jobs _____ same time. A. in B. at C. on D. for 49. Before you decide to choose a job, you ought to take all the factor ______. A. into B. at C. of D. among 50. If you don’t want to get ______ trouble again, please get _____ early and go to work _____ time. A. into/ up/ in B. in/ up / on C. on/ away/ by D. on/ up/ with 51. The assignment must be submitted ______ the end ______ the week. A. from / of B. at/ of C. from/ to D. in/ of 52. Many people believe that natural resources will never be used ______ A. out B. up C. of D. away 53. Pupils and students enrich the mind______ knowledge they get from class. A. without B. for C. with D. from 54. Farmers get rid ______ weeds by spraying. A. off B. of C. out D. away 55. The government invested a great deal of money in irrigation to protect fields ______ drought. A. out B. about C. from D. off 56. Drivers should slow _______ on this road because it is slippery after rains. A. on B. down C. up D. to 57. Pollution has bad effect ______ our life. A. of B. to C. with D. on 58. Before you light ______ a cigarette, remember to ask for permission. A. up B. down C. on D. off 59. It’s very kind ______ you to offer us a lovely dinner. A. of B. from C. for D. to 60. The woman was pale and weak because ________ the lack ______ fresh air. A. for / on B. on / for C. of / of D. of / for 61. I’m not good _______ English. I think I should spend more time _______ it. A. in / at B. at / on C. at / in D. on / at 62. An umbrella I what I need now, it’s raining . I’ll give it _____ tomorrow. A. up B. away C. back D. over 63. I couldn’t find any place to go ______ holiday. A. at B. for C. up D. on 64. I’m fed ______ doing the same work everyday. A. out of B. forward to C. on to D. up with.

(72) 65. Have you ever thought ______ giving up smoking? A. over B. of C. on D. at 66. If you don’t know the meaning of the word, you should look it ______ in the dictionary. A. out B. in C. up D. on 67. She has tried ______ several shoes but she can’t find suitable ones. A. at B. in C. out D. on 68. The party begin at 7 o’clock and I’ll pick you _____ at 6: 30. A. on B. up C. away D. of 69. I come _____ an ancient city, sometimes referred ______ as the Athens of the North. A. on / as B. up / to C. over / to D. from / to 70. The house is ______ fire. Please call ______ help! A. at / to B. for / at C. on / for D. up / for 71. An apple stand _____ the New York State. A. for B. on C. up D. at 72. She keeps ______ complaining ______ the weather. A. in / of B. on / about C. out / about D. on / in 73. Some pessimistic persons think that the world’s resources will run ____ in some day. A. off B. of C. out D. on 74. Let’s get acquainted _____ the newcomer. A. to B. of C. with D. about 75. We don’t have time to think it ______ . A. on B. up C. out D. over 76. I object ______ being kept waiting. Why can’t you be _____ time? A. at / in B. for / in C. to / on D. at / on 77. You aren’t aware _____ the time, are you ? You are always late ______ work. A. of / for B. for / of C. on / at D. on / for 78. If someone knocks _____ the door ______ night, don’t open it. A. on / at B. at / at C. up / in D. at / on 79. Everything is available _______ the operation. A. of B. on C. from D. for 80. He is very keen _____ English, but he is not good ______ listening. A. at / on B. on / at C. at / at D. to / of 81. Your hairstyle is quite similar _____ me. A. from B. with C. of D. to 82. Nguyen Du devoted all his lifetime ______ writing. A. for B. to C. in D. from 83. I bought a coat ______ my mother _______ the supermarket. A. from / for B. for / at C. for / from D. for / in 84. She was very surprised ______ the grade she received. A. at B. on C. of D. about 85. We might need more food, depending ______ how many people turn up. A. for B. on C. at D. with 86. Jane doesn’t spend much money ______ clothes. A. over B. about C. at D. on 87. A sign warned motorists ______ dangers. A. of B. for C. about D. A and C 88. They translated the letter ______ French. A. for B. with C. into D. about 89. Since she graduated, Anne has no longer been dependent _____ her parents for financial support. A. to B. on C. upon D. B and C 90. Catherine became accustomed _____ spicy foods when she was traveling. A. to B. on C. for D. about 91. Table salt is composed _____ two elements, sodium and chlorine..

(73) A. to B. around C. of D. for 92. Is there enough ______ that salad _____ everyone. A. of/ for B. with / for C. to / to D. on / with 93. Washington state is famous ______ its apples. A. in B. for C. of D. with 94. People who are afraid ______ heights are called acrophobias. A. of B. on C. in D. to 95. Water is essential ______ all life. A. on B. for C. in D. with 96. Were you aware ______ the regulations against smoking in this area? A. in B. with C. of D. about 97. I’m not familiar ______ that song. A. to B. of C. with D. about 98. This movie is based ______ a true story. A. about B. on C. to D. with 99. This variety of seed inferior _____ the type I planted last year. A. with B. upon C. up D. to 100. Thank you very much ______ what you have done for me. A. of B. up C. for D. about 101. The opposite ______ “old fashion” is “modern”. A. at B. of C. to D. in 102. House cats are distantly related ________ lions and tigers. A. in B. to C. of D. about 103. Is this type of soil suitable ______ growing tomatoes? A. for B. about C. in D. at 104. If you are not satisfied ______your essay, then I suggest that you rewrite it. A. to B. on C. with D. about 105. Do you belong ______ any clubs or organisations? A. on B. to C. for D. up 106. We should concentrate ______ solving this problem before we discuss the other ones. A. on B. in C. to D. at 107. Most essays consist ______ an introduction, a body and a conclusion. A. in B. of C. about D. with 108. People want friends they can rely _____ . A. up B. of C. in D. on 109. The accident resulted ______ several minor injuries. A. on B. in C. of D. at 110. Congratulations ______ your success! A. to B. on C. in D. up 111. My brother was married _______ one of the most famous actresses. A. to B. up C. with D. about 112. William insists ______ getting up early,even on weekens. A. on B. to C. toward D. for 113. What does this symbol refer _____? A. on B. to C. for D. forward 114. Many companies participated ______ the trade fair. A. for B. in C. to D. up 115. Did you hear the news ______ TV or read it ______ the newspaper? A. at / on B. on / in C. in / in D. for / on 116. This book is based _____ part on fact. A. in B. upon C. at D. on 117. _____ general, I found zoology to be the easier subject than botany. A. On B. In C. At D. With.

(74) 118. The police blamed the mother ______ neglecting her child. A. to B. for C. with 119. She returned ______ China after spending much time abroad. A. in B. from C. to 120. Tom has tried hard hard to keep pace _____ his classmates. A. to B. with C. at 121. I have lost touch ______ Huong for 2 years. A. with B. of C. from 122. Pay attention ______ all the traffic sign when you are travelling in the street. A. of B. to C. for 123. Have you taken notice ______ the “Stop” sign? A. at B. to C. from 124. Teacher, are we expected to learn all the new words ______ heart? A. in B. at C. by 125. She always takes good care _____ her children. A. for B. in C. of B. Articles Exercise 1: Put a/ an/ the in each space, or leave the space blank: 1.We went by _____ train to _____ west of England.. D. of D. at D. for D. to D. with D. of D. to D. with. 2.______ who live in ______ Netherlands are called Dutch. 3.______ judge sent me to _____ prison for ______ ten years. 4.______ Columbus was one of _____ people to cross _____ Atlantic. 5.As ______ captain of ______ ship, I have _______ complete authority. 6.David learned to play _____ violin when he was at _______ university. 7.______ Trafalgar Square is near ______ Charing Cross Station. 8.Did you read _____ book I lent you _____ last week? 9.We’ll put up ______ shelves and then go to ______ café for something to eat. 10.Is that ______ present Bill gave you for ______ Christmas. Exercise 2: Choose the best option to complete the following sentences 1. My mother goes to church in ______ morning. A. x B. every C. the 2. I eat ______orange everyday. A. an B. orange C. the orange s 3. Harry is a sailor. He spends most of his life at _____ sea. A. a B. an C. the 4. There are billions of stars in _____ space. A. a B. an C. X 5. He tried to park his car but _____ space wasn’t big enough. A. the B. a C. an 6. Can you turn off _____ television, please? A. the B. a C. an 7. We had _____ dinner in a restaurant. A. a B. an C. x 8. We had _____ meal in a restaurant. A. a B. an C. the 9. Thank you. That was ______ very nice lunch. A. a B. an C. the 10. ______rose is my favourite color.. D. a D. any orange D. X D. the D. X D. X D. the D. X D. X.

(75) 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35.. A. a B. an C. the D. X When was _____ computer invented? A. a B. an C. the D. X My daughter plays _____ piano very well. A. the B. a C. an D. X Mary loves _____ flowers. A. a B. an C. the D. X Jill went to ______ hospital to see her friend. A. x B. the C. a D. an Mrs Lan went to ______ school to meet her son’s daughter. A. x B. the C. a D. an Carol went to ______ prison to meet her brother. A. the B. a C. an D. X Sandra works at a big hospital. She’s _______. A.nurse B. a nurse C. the nurse D. an nurse She works six days _____ week. A. in B. for C. a D. X ______ is a star. A. Sun B. A sun C. The sun D. Suns What did you have for ______ breakfast this morning. A. x B. a C. an D. the London is _____ capital of England. A. an B. a C. x D. the When ______ invented? A. was telephone B. was the telephone C. were telephones D. were a telephone We visited _______ two years ago. A. Canada and the United States B. the Canada and the United States C. the Canada and United States D. Canada and United States Are you going away next week? No, _______ week after next. A. a B. the C. some D. X We haven’t been to ______ for years. A. cinema B. the cinema C. a cinema D. any cinema It took us quite a long time to get here. It was ______ journey. A. three hour B. a three- hours C. a three- hour D. three- hours If you live in _______ foreign country, you should try and learn the language. A. the B. x C. an D. a Did your train leave from ______ ? A. the 8 Platform B. an Platform 8 C. some Platform 8 D. Platform 8 I can’t work here. There’s so much ______. A. noise B. noises C. the noise D. a noise Do you need ____? A. an umbrella B. a umbrella C. umbrella D. an umbrellas I’ve seen ______ good films recently. A. a B. the C. some D. an I often watch ______ television for two hours every night. A. some B. the C. any D. X The injured man was taken to _____. A. hospital B. any hospital C. the hospital D. hospitals She went out without _____ money. A. any B. an C. a D. x Toshi speaks ______ at home. A. the Japanese B. Japan C. the Japan D. Japanese.

(76) 36. A man and a woman were standing outside my house. ______ looked English but I think _____ woman was foreign. A. the / a B. a / the C. a/ a D. the / the 37. John sat on _____ chair nearest the door. A. the / a B. a / the C. a /a D. the / the 38. For breakfast I had _____ sandwich and _____ apple. The sandwich wasn’t very nice. A. the / an B. a / the C. a / an D. the / the 39. I would love to live by _____ sea. A. the B. a C. an D. X 40. What is ______ longest river in ______ world? A. the/ a B. a / the C. a / a D. the / the 41. This morning I bought a newspaper and a magazine. ______ newspaper is in my bag but I don’t know where ______ magazine is. A. a /a B. a / the C. the / the D. the / a 42. We live in ______ big house in ______ middle of the village. A. a / a B. a / the C. the / the D. the / a 43. I’m looking for _____ job. Did Mary get _____ job she applied for? A. a / the B. the / a C. a/ a D. the / the 44. Did _______ police find ______ person who stole your bicycle? A. a /a B. the / the C. a / the D. the / a 45. We went out for ______ last night. _______ restaurant we went was excellent. A. a /a B. the / the C. a / the D. the / a 46. As I was walking along the street, I saw _____ $10 note on ______ pavement. A. a/ a B. the / the C. a / the D. the / a 47. The Soviet Uinon was ______ first country to send a man into _____ space. A. the /the B. X / X C. x /the D. the / X 48. Did you watch “Titanic” on ______ television or at ______ cinema? A. the/ the B. X / X C. X / the D. the / X 49. After _____ lunch, we went for a walk by ______ sea. A. the / the B.X/X C. X / the D. the / X 50. Peru is ______ country in South America. _______ capital is Lima. A. a / a B. a / the C. the / the D. the / a 51. I never listen to _____ radio. In fact I haven’t got ______ radio. A. a /a B. a / the C. the / the D. the / a 52. It was a beautiful day. _______ sun shone brightly in _____ sky. A. a / a B. a / the C. the / the D. the / a 53. It is said that Robinhood robbed _____ rich and gave the money to _____ poor. A. a /a B. a / the C. the / the D. the / a 54. Life is not so easy for _______ unemployed. A. the B. a C. an D. X 55. Many people were killed in the accident. The bodies of _____ dead were taken away. A.the B. a C. an D. x 56. The butler was _____ I suspected. A. last person B. a last person C. the last person D. some last person 57. Where ______ you borrowed last week? A. is scissors B. are the scissors C. is some scissors D. are scissors 58. Too much rubbish is being dumped in ______. A. sea B. the sea C. a sea D. some sea 59. This is exactly _____ I was looking for. A. job B. a job C. some job D. the job 60. Of all the cars, I think I prefer ______. A. a Japanese B. some Japanese C. the Japanese one D. a Japanese one.

(77) Unit 9 :Comparisons  Exercise 1:Choose the best option to complete the following sentences: 1. No one else in the class plays the guitar ______ John. A. as well B. as far as C. so well as D. as soon as 2. The town was nearer _____ we thought it would be. A. then B. that C. as D. than 3. The economic conditions today are _______ they were in the past. A. much more good B. much better than C. much better D. the best than 4. Peter is ______ student in my class. A. taller than B. so tall as C. the tallest D. tallest 5. The deep oceans contain some of the ______ of all living creatures. A. strangest B. strange C. as strange as D. stranger 6. Jane is not _____ her brother. A. more intelligent as B. intelligent as C. so intelligent as D. so intelligent that 7. He drives as ______ his father does. A. careful as B. more carefully C. the most careful D. carefully as 8. What’s the ______ film you’ve ever seen. A. good B. best C. better D. the best 9. I’ll be there _______ I can. A. sooner as B. no sooner as C. as soon as D. soonest as 10. Mr. Lam cannot earn _______ his wife. A. as many money as B. as much money as C. as many money than D. as much money than 11. I like English ______ French. A. than B. more C. less D. better than 12. My car is _______ yours. A. more fast and economical than B. more fast and more economical than C. faster and economical as D. faster and more economical than 13. Of the two sisters, Linda _______ . A. is beautiful B. the most beautiful C. is more beautiful D. is so beautiful as 14. The lab is _____ from the bus stop than the library. A. far B. farther C. furthur D. B and C 15. The ______ accident in the history of the city occurred last night on the Freeway. A. badest B.most bad C. worse D. worst 16. He finished the test _______ of all. A. rapidly B. the most rapidly C. most rapidly D. more rapidly 17. Many chemicals react ______ in acid solutions. A. more quick B. more quickly C. quicklier D. as quickly more 18. It’s becoming ______ to find a job. A. more difficult and more B. more and more difficult C. most and more difficult D. more difficult than 19. ______ electricity you use, _______ your bill will be. A. the more / the higher B. the most / the higher C. the more / the high D. more / higher 20. The more I got to know Tom, _______ I liked him. A. least B. the less C. the least D. the fewer 21. The rooms in the front ______ noisier than those in the back. A. are more B. are little C. are much D. are very 22. ______ you are, ______ you concentrate. A. Tired / the least hard B. The more tired / the harder C. The tireder / the harder D. The tired / the harder 23. ______ the man gets, ______ he becomes. A. the more old / the more weak B. the older / the weaker C. the older / the weakest D. older / weaker.

(78) 24. Of all the candidates, Mr. Hung is probably ______. A. the less qualified B. the qualified less C. the most little qualified D. the least qualified 25. _______ a car is, ______ it is. A. the expensive / the comfortabler B. the most expensive /the most comfortable C. the more expensive / the more comfortable D. the less expensive / the more comfortable 26. His house is _____ mine. A. larger and more comfortable than B. the most large and comfortable than C. more large and comfortable than D. the largest and more comfortable than 27. The larger the drop of water, ______ freezing temperature. A. the higher its B. its higher C. higher than its D. higher of its 28. Automobiles, airplanes, and buses use more energy per passenger ______ . A. trains do B. as trains C. as are trains D. than trains do 29. A cat would be _______ to look after ______ a dog. A. easy / than B. easier / than C. easy / to D. the easiest / than 30. The younger you are, _______ it is to learn. A. easier B. you are easier C. the easier D. the easy 31. His job is ______ as mine. A. not so difficult B. not that difficult C. nor so difficult D. not more difficult 32. _______ the horse tried to free itself from the restraint, ______ it became. A. The most / the tighter B. The more / the tighter C. The more / tighter D. More / tighter 33. This is _____ man of all I’ve ever known. A. best B. better C. good D. the best 34. ______we finish the project, _______ we can start the next one. A. The soonest / the sooner B. The soonest / the most soon C. The sooner / the sooner D. The soonest / the soonest 35. Jays are ______ and more colorful than crows. A. short B. shortest C. more short D. shorter 36. As a rule, ______ the heart rate, the faster the pulse. A. the more rapid B. the more rapidly C. rapid D. the most rapid 37. Yesterday I felt a little ill and today I feel ______ . A. more ill B. most ill C. worse D. worst 38. Thoudsands of years ago giraffes had much ______ necks than they have now. A. short B. shorter C. less short D. least short 39. Special airplane fares for tourists make travel _______ than ever before. A. less expensive and more attractive B. less expensive but attractive C. not only expensive and attractive D. less expensive therefore attractive 40. Advertising is _____ in the world. A. one of the biggest business B. one of the business biggest C. one business of the biggest D. one of the more big business 41. Mary is ______ in our class. A. prettier B. more pretty C. most pretty D. the prettiest 42. Jogging makes our health _____. A. more good B. better C. the more good D. the most good 43. ______ we jog, _______ we are. A. the most / the healthiest B. the most / the healthier C. the more / the most healthy D. the more / the healthier 44. The winter is coming, it is getting _______. A. more cold B. the most cold C. colder and colder D. the more cold 45. The _____ things are produced, the ______ prices are. A. more / cheaper B. most / cheapest C. much / cheap D. many / cheaper 46. _____ we read, ______ we know. A. the most / the most B. the more / the more C. most / most D. more/ more 47. It gets ______ . let’s go swimming..

(79) A. hot and hot B. the more hot C. more and more hot D. hotter and hotter 48. Minh usually runs ______ Hung. A. more fast B. more fast than C. the fastest D. faster than 49. The problem seems to be _____. A. most serious B. more serious than C. more serious as D. more and more serious 50. Prices get ______. A. high and high B. highest and highest C. more and more high D. higher and higher 51. The more waste paper we recycle, _______ . A. the more trees we preserve B. the less trees we preserve C. the most trees we preserve D. the least trees we preserve 52. There are ______ diseases being treated by laser beams. A. more or less B. more than C. more and more D. less than 53. “We produce more food. It gets cheap. ”means _______. A. the more food we produce, the cheaper it gets B. the most food we produce, the cheapest it gets C. the least food we produce, the less cheap it gets D. most food we produce, cheapest it gets Exercise 2: Chän mét lçi sai trong nh÷ng c©u sau: 1. “Tomorrow Never Die” is one of the more exciting films. A B C D 2. Most babies will grow up to be as cleverer as their parents. A B C D 3. New York is the larger of all American cities. A B C D 4. The new models are not only less expensive but also the more efficient. A B C D 5. The more they advertise, the least expensive things are. A B C D 6. The problem is the more serious because there has been no relevant solution up to now. A B C D 7. The more he earns, the most happy he is. A B C D 8. Nam plays the piano better than I am. A B C D 9. Mary looks more prettier than she used to be. A B C D 10. Jim has failed the examination. He is the baddest in our class. A B C D 11. Minh can play table tennis better more than I can. A B C D 12. Your computer works faster than my. A B C D 13. His father’s health gets worst and worst. A B C D 14. The most we work, the more money we earn. A B C D 15. This car is more economical as that one. A B C D 16. Not everyone has realized that the most largest organ of the human body is the skin. A B C D 17. The more fast you drive, the more dangerous you get. A B C D 18. All the athletes are trying to run as fastly as they can..

(80) A B C D 19. Rice is most important in Vietnam. A B C D 20. The more that she tried to remove the strain from her shirt, the worst it looks. A B C D Exercise 3: Rewrite each sentence, beginning as shown, so that the meaning stays the same. 1. If we leave early, we'll arrive soon.  The earlier__________________________________________________ 2. If you work harder, you make more products.  The harder __________________________________________________ 3. When you eat a lot, you get fat.  The more____________________________________________________________ 4. If you run a lot, you will get fitter.  The more___________________________________________________ 7. If you run a lot, you will get fitter.  The more___________________________________ 8.. .. When you eat a lot, you get fat..  The more________________________________________________ 9. If you walk slowly, it takes longer to get there.  The more____________________________ 10. If you have a better job, you get higher salary.  The better the job you have ,______________________________________ Lesson 10 :Verb Form ( Gerund & Infinitives)  Exercise1:Chọn phơng án đúng để hoàn thành các câu sau: 1. We are looking forward _____ you again soon. A. to see B. to seeing C. saw D. have seen 2. My mother was afraid to let the boy _____ the tree. A. to risk climbing B. to risk to climb C. risk climbing D. risk to climb 3. I remember _____ but he said I did not. A. to buy him a book B. buy him a book C. buying him a book D. to have bought him a book 4. Remember _____ john a present . today is his birthday. A. send B. to send C. sent D. sending 5. I suggest _____ some more mathematical puzzles. A. do B. to do C. doing D. done 6. Would you mind _____ the door? A. open B. to open C. opening D. opened 7. You should give up _____ or you will die of cancer. A. smoke B. to smoke C. smoking D. smoked 8. The driver stopped _____ a coffee because he felt sleepy. A. have B. to have C. having D. had 9. That old man tried to stop _____ because of his bad health. A. smoke B. smokes C. smoked D. smoking 10. There is nothing prevent us from______ the mystery of that palace. A. discover B. discovery C. discovering D. discoveries 11. Mr. Thomas does not allow people_____ in his office..

(81) A. smoke B. to smoke C. smoked 12. We are not allowed _____ in that restricted area. A. to enter B. enter C. entering 13. You had better _____ at home until you feel better. A. stay B. to stay C. staying 14. The machine needs_____ . A. B and C are correct B. to be repaired C. repairing 15. I couldn’t help _____ when I heard the story. A. laughing B. to laugh C. laughed 16. Peter usually help his mother ______. A. to do housework B. do housework C. with housework 17. She used that money _____ a new car. A.buy B. buying C. to buy 18. Can you manage_____ ______ the report in the morning? A. finishing / to write B. to finish / writing C. finishing / writing 19. Rex hotel was the best place for us _____. A. stays B. staying C. to stay 20. You can’t stop me from _____ what I want. A. doing B. do C. to do 21. I must go now. I promise _______ late. A. not being B. not to be C. to not be 22. Do you want ______ with you or do you want to go alone? A. me coming B. me to come C. that I will come 23. I’m sure I locked the door. I clearly remember _____ it. A. locking B. to lock C. to have locked 24. She tried to be serious, but she couldn’t help ______. A. laughing B. to laugh C. that she laughed 25. I like _____ the kitchen as often as possible. A. not cleaned B. clean C. to clean 26. He tried to avoid ______ my question. A. answering B. to answer C. answer 27. Could you please stop _______ so much noise? A. to make B. make C. to have make 28. I enjoy ______ to music. A. listen B. to listen C. listening 29. Have you finished ______ your hair yet? A. wash B. washed C. washing 30. If you walk into the road without looking, you risk _____ knocked down. A. been B. to be C. be 31. Jim is 65, but he isn’t going to retired yet. He wants to carry on _____. A. to work B. work C. works 32. Hello! Fancy _____ you here! What a surprise! A. to see B. seeing C. seen 33. I’ve put off _____ the letters so many times. I really must do it today. A. write B. to write C. written 34. What a stupid thing to do! Can you imagine anybody _____. A. being B. be C. to be 35. Sarah gave up ______ to find a job in this country and decided to go abroad. A. apply B. to apply C. applying 36. Suddenly he stopped the car in order ______. A. smoke B. to smoke C. smoking 37. I can’t bear ______this dirty room. A. seeing B. to see C. seen. D. smoking D. to entered D. stayed D. to repair D.laugh D.all are correct D. for buying D. to finish / to write D. stay D. that I do D. I won’t be D. that I come D. to be locked D. laugh D. that I clean D. how to answer D. making D. listened D. to wash D. being D. working D. see D. writing D. were D. application D. has smoked D. saw.

(82) 38. Have you considered _____ to live in another country? A. going B. to go C. gone 39. Cathy suggested _____ to the cinema. A. went B. not to go C. not go 40. They caused her _____ a lot. A. cried B. crying C. to cry 41. Paula quit _____ alcohol three years ago. A. to drink B. drank C. being drunk 42. We must do something. We can’t go on _____ like this. A. to live B. living C. life 43. My mother rarely allows me _____ things for myself. A. to buy B. bought C. buy 44. She admitted _____ the money. A. to steal B. steals C. steal 45. It was late, so we decided ______ a taxi home. A. to take B. taken C. taking 46. Simon was in a difficult situation, so I agreed _______ him some money. A. lend B. lending C. to lend 47. How old were you when you learnt ______ ? A. how to drive B. how driving C. how drive 48. I waved to Karen but I failed ______ her attention. A. to be attracted B. to attract C. attracting 49. We decided ______ because of the bad weather. A. not going out B. not to go out C. not go out 50. She always encouraged her son _____ . A. to jog B. jogged C. is jogging 51. They seem _____ plenty of money. A. are having B. to have C. having 52. I like Simon, but I think he tends _______ too much. A. to talk B. talking C. talk 53. Ann pretended ______ me as he passed me in the street. A. not seeing B. not to seen C. not see 54. I happened ______ that news from a magazine. A. known B. to be known C. to know 55. He has been on a diet to _____weight. A. have lost B. having lost C. to have lost 56. I don’t know whether ______ for the job or not. A. to applying B. apply C. to apply 57. Do you understand _______? A. what done B. what doing C. what to do 58. Can somebody show me ______ the film in this cinema? A. how to changed B. how change C. how changing 59. Don’t forget _____ the letter I gave you. A. to post B. posting C. post 60. There was a lot of traffic, but we managed _____ to the airport in time. A. are gone B. going C. to go 61. Jill didn’t afford _____ a car. A. buy B. to buy C. buying 62. We’ve got a new computer in our office. I haven’t learnt how ______ it yet. A. to operate B. operating C. operate 63. We were all too afraid to speak. Nobody dared ______ anything. A. saying B. being said C. says 64. They had a boy ______ that yesterday.. D. goes D. going D. cry D. drinking D. live D. buying D. having stolen D. was taken D. lender D. how drivers D. attracted D. not gone D. jogging D. had D. is talking D. not to see D. know D. lose D. applied D. what do D. how to change D. posted D. to be going D. bought D. be operated D. to say.

(83) A. done B. to do C. did 65. We get our mail ______ yesterday. A. been delivered B. delivered C. delivering 66. Tom hopes _______ a solution soon. A. to be found B. finds C. to find 67. You must ______ a lot of people here. A. to know B. knowing C. know 68. This involves having a good memory and ______ hard. A. work B. to work C. worked 69. They claimed ______ the problem. A. have solved B. solve C. solving 70. I’ve been invited to the party but I don’t know ______ or not. A. whether I should to go B. whether go C. whether going D. whether I should go 71. Health experts advise ______ breakfast. A. us not skipped B. us not skipping C. us not to skip 72. I would rather ______ this job. A. not taken B. not take C. not to take 73. I spent some time ______ around the shops in Elizabeth street yesterday. A. looked B. be looking C. look 74. She will probably offer ______ the stereo for you . A. to repair B. to be repairing C. repair 75. She always proves _______ a true friend. A.be B. being C. to been 76. There’s no point in _____ that. A. persuade him to do B. persuading him to do C. persuading him do D. persuading him doing 77. If you delay _____ it back, you will risk ______ your rights as a customer. A. to take / losing B. taking / to lose C. being taken / losing 78. You should be willing _____ . A. to do that B. that do C. doing that 79. Just keep on ______ what you like. A. do B. did C. doing 80. He made me _______ it all over again. A. do B. doing C. to do 81. It is easy _____ wise after the event. A. be B. to be C. being 82. It is up to you _____ the laws of your own country. A. learn B. to learn C. learning 83. Aren’t you fed up _____ the same thing everyday? A. od doing B. with doing C. with do 84. Are you ready _____? A. cooperate B. cooperated C. to cooperate 85. There are a lot of peple ______ London everyday. A. visit B. to visit C. visiting 86. We enjoy ______ that film. A. see B. to see C. seeing 87. ______ is my hobby. A. collect B. collecting C. collected 88. It’s no use ______ about pollution in big cities. A. to complain B. complain C. complaining 89. Excuse me for _____ late and it is very kind of you ______ for me A. to be / to wait B. been / waiting C. being / to wait. D. do D. to deliver D. finding D. known D. working D. to have solved. D. us not skip D. not taking D. looking D. repairing D. to be. D. taking / losing D. to be done that D. done D. done D. is D. learned D. on doing D. cooperation D. have visited D. seen D. A and C D. complained D. being / waiting.

(84) 90. I remember _____ him ______ that he ______ on time. A. hearing / says / will be B. hear / says / be C. hear / said / would be D. hearing / say / would be 91. When _____ each other, the American women do not usually shake hands. A. meet B. to meet C. met 92. On _____ at the airport, I was very worried to find that no one _____ for me. A. arriving / was waiting B. arrive / was waiting C. arriving / had waiting D. arrive / had been waited 93. _____ a foreign language requires great effort. A. learn B. to learn C. learning 94. I regret _______ you that we cannot approve your application. A. inform B. to inform C. informed 95. The rocks in the soil made ______ more difficult. A. to plough B. ploughed C. ploughing 96. I remember ____ you somewhere but I’m sorry I forget your name. A. meet B. to meet C. met 97.Would you mind _______, please. A. to answer the phone B. answer the phone C. answering the phone D. to the phone answered 98.My mother told me _______ hope. A. not to give up B. not to giving up C. not giving up 99.My friend has lost weight ______ everyday. A. to excercise B. to excercising C. by to excercise 100.I’m hungry. Is there any food _____ ? A. to be eaten B. to eat C. eating 101.Mary was the last applicant _____ by that interviewer. A. to be interviewed B. to be interviewing C. to have interviewed 102.He is the good colleague ______ . A. to work for us with B. for work with us C. to us for working with D. for us to work with 103.______ her sweetheart, she smiled happily. A. Look B. To look C. Looking 104. Huong never lets me _______ her books A. to borrow B. borrow C. borrowing 105. The teacher was explaining the lesson and didn’t notice Linh _____ out. A. go B. went C. gone 106. Please wait a minute! My boss is busy _____ something. A. write B. to write C. writing 107. My father wanted me ______ a pilot. A. become B. becoming C. to become 108. He began ____ English 2 years ago. A. learn B. to learn C. learning 109. It takes 5 minutes _____ to the school. A. walk B. walking C. walked 110. ______ all their money, they decided to go home. A. Having spent B. Spent C. Had spent Exercise 2: Chän 1 lçi sai trong nh÷ng c©u sau: 1. Before to go out, remember to turn off the computer. A B C D 2. You had better learning a foreign language before applying for a job. A B C D 3. On to hear the telephone ring, I answered it immediately. A B C D. D. meeting. D. B and C D.informing D. plough D. meeting. D. not give up D. by excercising D. for me eating D. to interview. D. Looked D. borrowed D. to go D. wrote D. became D. B and C D. to walk D. Have spent.

(85) 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30.. There’s something wrong with my computer. It may need to repair . A B C D It is a dull evening. We have nothing doing. A B C D Gets the bad news from her parents, Lan immediately burst into tears. A B C D I regret not to help you but I really couldn’t do anything else. A B C D Many scientists have tried to unlocking the genetic code. A B C D Open the letter from her mother, she feels very happy. A B C D To reduce pollution, we have to stop to use many things that make our lives comfortable. A B C D It is very difficult for us to preventing forest fires during the drought. A B C D People want to conserve the environment, but they can’t help pollute it. A B C D A: let’s go out for a drink. - B: I suggest staying at home and watch television. A B C D The government has had the ethnic minority settling down and provided them with land. A B C D There are many people visit the Pyramids in Egypt everyday. A B C D We go to school enriching our mind with knowledge. A B C D It is very difficult for human beings fighting pollution. A B C D If we don’t care conservation the environment, we will get unavoidable disasters. A B C D Would you mind give me a hand, I have a lot of things to do? A B C D You have to finished writing the report yourself. A B C D Minh is a bit tired. He does not feel like eaten anything. A B C D I noticed the boy to creep into the house through a hole at the foot of the wall. A B C D There comes my bus! I must go now. Don’t forget giving me a call. A B C D Faraday’s father was not rich enough to sending him to school. A B C D She left the house in a hurry without to say goodbye to us. A B C D I remember that I have something new to telling you. A B C D I couldn’t help get angry when he told me about the problem. A B C D Language coming from Latin, such as French, Italian and Spanish are easy learning. A B C D I enjoy not have to get up early when I’m on holiday. A B C D I don’t recommend to eat in that restaurant. Its food is awful..

(86) 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37.. A B C D The flowerist recommended me buying some roses. A B C D The police stopped everybody enter the house. A B C D Knew that he was poor, I offered to pay his fare. A B C D If you don’t allow me entering, I’ll break down the door. A B C D Alan advised me reading some more books. A B C D Leaves kept to fall and I felt tired of keeping the yard clean. A B C D I am only interesting in what he did. A B C D. 38. Would you please tell me how doing this? A B C D 39. My parents never let me going out in the evening. A B C D 40. You should do nothing but waiting. A B C D 41. Gloria made a lot of friends by work in the cafeteria. A B C D 42. Why don’t you help each other studying for the examination? A B C D 43. Let’s taking a walk. Walking is good for our health. A B C D 44. Everyone stopped talk when the president came in. A B C D 45. Understand what he is talking about is dificult. A B C D 46. He hates to be made fun at. A B C D 47. He was angry with my come late. A B C D 48. What’s your job? – Hear the phone and typing letters. A B C D 49. Her favorite sports are climb and skiing. A B C D 50. Are you accustomed to hear airplanes over your house ? A B C D 51. It is impossible imagine what she will say. A B C D 52. My friend was fond of attend a higher mathematics course. A B C D 53. Some people say that forget is better than remembering. A B C D 54. Long ago, I gave up to try to learn swimming as I could not get over my fear of water. A B C D 55. The only good way to getting achievement in learning English is to practise it as frequently as possible. A B C D 56.It is sure that human beings will regret to destroy the environment and they obviously have to suffer a lot..

(87) A B C D 56. Efforts to improving the standard of living for human have also resulted in the environmental pollution. A B C D 57. All the students are looking forward to spend their free time relaxing in the sun this summer. A B C D 58. Many people have stopped to smoke because they are afraid that it may be bad for their health. A B C D 59. After spending 2 days arguing about where to go on holidays, they decided not going anywhere. A B C D 60. I am interested on leaning the new course next week. A B C D Lesson 11: Word Form  Exercise 1: Chọn đáp án đúng để hoàn thành các câu sau: 1. Life here is very _____. A. peacefully B. peaceful C. peace D. peacefulness 2. Women usually don’t shake hands when being _____. A. introducing B. introduction C. introduced D. introducer 3. He was so _____ that he had an accident. A. caring B. careless C. careful D. carefully 4. Farmers can enrich the soil by using ______. A. fertile B. fertility C. fertilize D. fertilizers 5. Nowadays, chemicals are ______ into some fruits to reduce decay. A. injection B. injecting C. inject D. injected 11. What’s your _______ ? – I’m Vietnamese. A. nation B. national C. nationality D. international 12. In this course, students receive _______ in the basic English grammar. A. instruct B. instructional C. instruction D. instructive 13. I _____ him for his honesty. A. respective B. respectful C. respectable D. respect 14. All of the students appreciate the ______ of English learning. A. import B. important C. importantly D. importance 15. We can enjoy live programmes through _______ satellites. A. communicate B. communication C. communicative D. communicable 16. Learning English has become a ______ in our country. A. necessitate B. necessary C. necessity D. necessarily 17. Computers are ______ used in schools and universities. A. widely B. wide C. width D. widen 18. He retired at the ______ of 60. A. age B. old C. older D. elder 19. My teacher always give us a clear ______. A. explain B. explained C. explanatory D. explanation 20. The _____ of the moon for the earth causes the tides. A. attract B. attracted C. attractive D. attraction 21. Your bad result made me ______ . A. disappoint B. disappointment C. disappointed D. disappointing 22. Getting such a well-paid job is very beyond my ______. A. expect B. expected C. expecting D. expectation 23. It has been proved ______ that the unemployment rates are increasing. A. statistic B. statistics C. statistical D. statistically 24. She has made an _______ for the job as a nursery teacher because she like children. A. apply B. applicant C. application D. applicator 25. Daisy has been out of work for 3 months. She stay at home and does the housework_______..

(88) A. disappoint B. disappointed C. disappointedly D. disappointing 26. She is a biologist. She is interested in _______ . A. conserves B. conservancy C. conservation D. conservative 27. There is no ______ for them to do that. A. need B. needs C. needless D. needing 28. The _____ development leads to our country’s prosperity. A. industry B. industries C. industrial D. industrialize 29. Farmers ______ their land to make it _______. A. fertilize / product B. fertilizer / productive C. fertilize / production D. fertilize / productive 30. Many communities are burning garbage and other biological waste products to produce ______. A. electric B. electricity C. electrician D. electrify 31. Stress and tiredness often lead to lack of _______. A. concentrate B. concentration C. concentrated D. concentrator 32. Human being are the worst _______ on the earth. A. pollutes B. polluters C. pollutants D. pollutions 33. Mrs. Christine has been told by her doctor that she is _________, she cannot have a child of her own. A. childless B. childhood C. childish D. child 34. Thanks to my friends’ ________ remarks, my essay have been improved. A. construct B. construction C. constructive D. constructor 35. What is your _____ in fife? A. aim B. aimless C. aimlessly D. aimlessness 36. The president traveled under the ______ of many soldiers. A. protect B. protective C. protection D. protector 37. The US made a _____ declaration of war to Iraq. A. formal B. formality C. formalize D. formalism 38. I sometimes do not feel ______ when I’m at a party. A. comfort B. comforter C. comfortable D. comfortably 39. Women show a _______ to live longer than men. A. tend B. tendentious C. tendency D. tendentiously 40. It is necessary for the host to make his guest feel comfortable and _____ A. relax B. relaxation C. relaxing D. relaxed 41. Their _____ has lasted for more than 20 years. A. friends B. friendly C. friendship D. friendness 42. Do you feel _____ when taking a test ? A. nervous B. nerve C. nerveless D. nervy 43. The workers chose Mr. Pike their _______. A. represent B. representative C. represents D. representation 44. Jack London wrote several ______ novels on adventure. A. interesting B. interested C. interest D. interestingly 45. She is _____ with her present job. A. satisfy B. satisfied C. satisfaction D. satisfactory 46. It takes one a long time to become an ______ pianist. A. accomplish B. accomplished C. accomplishment D. accomplishing 47. The young usually do things _______. A. enthusiasm B. enthusiast C. enthusiastic D. enthusiatically 48. The industrial ______ has made many changes in our country. A. develop B. developing C. developer D. development 49. The hotel is famous for its _______ arranged rooms. A. attractive B. attracted C. attractively D. attraction 50. I wasn’t _____ on going to the party last night. A. keenness B. keenly C. keen D. keenest 51. You can _____ knowledge by reading newspapers. A. richly B. enrichment C. rich D. enrich.

(89) 52. My son has given a great deal of _____ to his future job. A. thoughtless B.thoughtful C. thought D. think 53. The most important thing is to keep yourself ______. A. occupation B. occupied C. occupant D. occupational 54. Hundreds of ______ have been involved in the research. A. scientists B. science C. scientific D. scientifically 55. The more ______ an event is, the better it will be remembered. A. signify B. significance C. significantly D. significant 56. The authorities are discussing the worrying ______ issues in the area. A. environmentalists B. environmental C. environment D. environmentally 57. Cheer up! You look ______! A. disappointed B. disappointing C. disappointment D. disappointed 58. Carbon dioxide occurs in the air in _____ form. A. nature B. naturally C. natural D. naturalness 59. I have ______ touch with my father for a long time. A. loss B. lost C. loose D. loosen 60. I don’t know what I am going to do after leaving school. I am ______ about my decision. A. uncertain B. certainty C. certain D. certainly 61. They have been working very hard in _____ for the upcoming exams. A. prepared B. preparation C. preparatory D. prepares 62. I think their injuries need medical ______ . A. treatment B. treated C. treatable D. untreated 63. The children should be _____ to realize their full potential. A. discouraged B. encourage C. couraged D. courage 64. I don’t think I am ______ of doing it. A. capability B. capable C. capabilities D. capacity 65. The film gives us ______ insight into life in Brazil. It’t worth seeing! A. valuable B. unvaluable C. value D. evaluate 66. We were amazed at the _______ of the Great Barrier Reef. A. beautiful B. beautifully C. beautify D. beauty Exercise 2: Chọn đáp án đúng để hoàn thành các câu sau: 1. All the pupils have done the exercises easy. A B C D 2. The die of a famous doctor was announced last night. A B C D 3. We occasional go out for dinner but we cook our meals most of the time. A B C D 4. She was too shame to tell her teacher about the stupid mistakes. A B C D 5. She failed the driving test because she didn’t follow the guidance of the driving instruct. A B C D 6. To prepare his science works, Faraday often spent whole days in the laboratory. A B C D 7. They ride their bicycle to the countryside for please. A B C D 8. He was sadness because he couldn’t pay his debts. A B C D 9. The representatives joining the festival were from different national. A B C D 10. The teacher often courage the student to ask questions. A B C D 11. In some countries, black people do not have equal with white people. A B C D.

(90) 12. Because his love for teaching, David would continue his teaching career. A B C D 13. Many industry developed countries spend much money preventing environmental pollution. A B C D 14. When foreigners ask him, he answers in English automatic. A B C D 15. Special drugs should be manufacture and dispensed carefully. A B C D 16. He often went to work late, consequence he was sacked. A B C D 17. We should learn all the new word by heart in order to rich our vocabulary. A B C D 18. The little boy felt very disapppoint because his parents didn’t let him go with them. A B C D Lesson 12: Sentence Transformation  Exercise 1:Rewrite the following sentences 1) I haven’t been to the dentist for two year. It is ______________________________________________________________________________ 2) This is the first time I have driven a car. I have ____________________________________________________________________________ 3) It started raining last Friday and has not stopped yet. It has _____________________________________________________________________________ 4) The last time I played tennis was in 1990. I haven’t __________________________________________________________________________ 5) The children went to bed. We watched TV. After the children ___________________________________________________________________ 6) How long is it since you started learning English? When ____________________________________________________________________________ 7) Originally, tennis was an indoor game. Tennis used to _____________________________________________________________________ 8) He found a job in a steel mill, and then he got married. After _____________________________________________________________________________ 9) It is ten years since I last met David. I haven’t __________________________________________________________________________ 10) I haven’t seen that man here before. It is the first _______________________________________________________________________ 11) He studies very hard. He doesn’t want to fail in the final exam. ( using “so that”) _ _________________________________________________________________________________ 12) She practices English everyday. She wants to speak to foreigners. (using “so that”) _ _________________________________________________________________________________ 13) She bought a new car. She wants to make a trip to Canada. She bought a new car to ______________________________________________________________ 14) John gets up early. He doesn’t want to be late. John gets up early so as not to _________________________________________________________ 15) I couldn’t hear the speaker’s voice because it was very noisy. Because of ________________________________________________________________________ 16) Russian is too hard for us to learn. Russian is so _______________________________________________________________________ 17) He is rather rich. He can buy a new house. He is rich enough ___________________________________________________________________ 18) John was too ill to go to work. John was not _______________________________________________________________________.

(91) 19) The weather was so bad that we couldn’t go sailing. The weather was too ________________________________________________________________ 20) It was such a boring film that we left before the end. The film was so ____________________________________________________________________ 21) The car was expensive. We couldn’t afford to buy it. The car was so _____________________________________________________________________ 22) He is too weak to carry this bag. He is so___________________________________________________________________________ 23) Bill is too foolish to understand what I say. Bill is not _________________________________________________________________________ 24) Although William had a bad cold, he still went to school. Despite ___________________________________________________________________________ 25) His father is taller than his mother.  His mother is not ________________________________________________________________________ 26)Tom didn’t come to the party. Ann didn’t come to the party, either. Neither Tom ____________________________________________________________________________ 27)Although the traffic was bad, I arrived on time. In spite of ______________________________________________________________________________ 28) My father said I could use his car. My father allowed ________________________________________________________________________ 29) If you don’t hurry, you’ll be late.  Unless ________________________________________________________________________________ 30) Jane is a better cook than Mary.  Mary can’t ______________________________________________________________________________ 31) Jack is too young to get married. Jack is not _______________________________________________________________________________ 32) She made herself ill because she worked very hard.  She worked so ___________________________________________________________________________ 33) The book was so good that I couldn’t put it down. It was such _______________________________________________________________________________ 34) The man injured in the accident was taken to the hospital. The man who ____________________________________________________________________________ 35) It is said that he is 108 years old.  He is said ______________________________________________________________________________ 36) They don’t understand him because he doesn’t speak clearly.  If ____________________________________________________________________________________.

(92) 37) She didn’t buy the coat because she didn’t have enough money..  If ____________________________________________________________________________________ 38) I am always nervous when I travel by air. Travelling by air __________________________________________________________________________ 39)That factory is producing more and more pollution. More and more pollution ___________________________________________________________________ 40)We must leave now or we’ll miss the train.  If ______________________________________________________________________________________ 41)She is a faster and more careless driver than I am. She drives _______________________________________________________________________________ 42)We spent five hours getting to London.  It took ________________________________________________________________________________ 43)I hope to see you at Christmas.  I’m looking forward ________________________________________________________________________ 44) Don’t try to escape. It’s no use. It’s no use _______________________________________________________________________________ 45) Ann said to Bill : “Don’t forget to have your appoinment with Mr.Brown.” Ann reminded __________________________________________________________________________ Exercise 2: Choose the best option 1. I like tea more than coffee. A. I like coffee better than tea. B. I like coffee as you do. C. I like tea very much. D. I prefer tea to coffee. 2. Murder is the most serious of all crimes. A. Murder is very serious. B. Everyone is afraid of murder. C. No crimes is more serious than murder. D. Murder is the dangerous crimes. 3. I find it important to learn English. A. I make it possible to learn English B. I find that learning English important. C. It’s important to learn English. D. It’s as important to learn English. 4. The heavy rain stopped me from going out. A. As the heavy rain, I couldn’t go out. B. Thanks to the heavy rain, I couldn’t go out. C. Because of the heavy rain, I couldn’t go out. D. Except for the heavy rain, I couldn’t go out. 5. Could you please close the door? A. Would you mind close the door? B. Would you mind to close the door? C. Would you minded close the door? D. Would you mind closing the door? 6. Bill drives more carelessly than he used to. A. Bill doesn’t drive as carefully as he used to B. Bill doesn’t drive carefully he used to C. Bill doesn’t drive as carefully he used to D. Bill doesn’t drive as carefully as he used 7. The last time I saw Jane was three years ago. A. I haven’t seen Jane for three years. B. I haven’t seen Jane three years ago C. I haven’t seen Jane since three years D. I have seen Jane for three years.

(93) 8. Ban cannot get married because he is under sixteen. A. Ban is young enough to get married C. Ban is old enough to get married 9. No one in the class is taller than Lan. A. Lan is the tallest student in the class C. Lan is the tallest student in class 10. Dave is very young. He cannot understand it. A. Dave is not young enough to understand it. C. Dave is not young to understand it. 11. He likes not only sports but also reading. A. He only enjoys sports. C. He enjoys neither sports nor reading. 12. She is married with two children. A. She has a husband and two children C. She is a childless mother 13. What’s the matter with you? A. What’s thing with you? C. What’s wrong with you? 14. She started school when she was 6 years old. A. At the year of 6 she started school. C. At the old of 6 she started school. 15. He enjoys having noodle soup every meal. A. He has to eat noodle soup every meal. C. He likes to eat noodle soup every meal. 16. They didn’t see each other six months ago. A. They haven’t seen each other six months. C. They haven’t seen each other since six months. 17. I don’t speak English as well as my sister. A. My sister speaks English better than I do. C. My sister speaks English more well than I do. 18. Daisy doesn’t play cricket as well as she used to. A. Daisy was used to play cricket better. C. Daisy used to play cricket better. 19. “I think you should go by bus.” He told us. A. He asked us to go by bus. C. He advised us go by bus. 20. Our house is going to be painted by a local firm. A. We are going to have our house painted. C. We are going to have our house to be painted. 21. Whose English books are these? A. Who are these English books belong to? C. To whom do these English books belong to? 22. It was too careless of you to drive very fast. A. You should not drive very fast. C. You should not have driven very fast. 23. What were you doing then? I didn’t know. A. I didn’t know what you were doing then. C. I didn’t know what you had done then. 24. The last time they were in Paris was in 2003. A. They weren’t in Paris since 2003. C. They hadn’t been in Paris since 2003. 25. What’s her date of birth? A. When did she born?. B. Ban is too young to get married D. Ban is too old to get married B. Lan is the tall student in the class D. Lan is tallest student in the class B. Dave is very young to understand it. D. Dave is too young to understand it. B. He only enjoys reading. D. He enjoys both sports and reading. B. She is single D. She has two children B. What’s issue with you? D. What’s right with you? B. At the age of 6 she started school. D. At the time of 6 she started school. B. He should eat noodle soup every meal. D. He must eat noodle soup every meal. B. They haven’t seen each other for six months. D. They haven’t seen each other six months ago B. I speak English worse than my sister does. D. A and B B. Daisy used to playing cricket better. D. Daisy got used to playing cricket better. B. He ordered us to go by bus. D. He advised us to go by bus. B. We are going to have our house be painted. D.We are going to have our house being painted. B. Who do these English books belong to ? D. Whom do these English books belong to? B. You should not drive very slowly. D. You should not to drive very fast. B. I didn’t know what were you doing then. D. I didn’t know what you would do then. B. They haven’t been in Paris since 2003. D. They haven’t been in Paris from 2003. B. When were she born?.

(94) 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37.. 38.. 39.. 40.. C. When’s her birthday? D. When was she born? This is the most horrible film I have ever seen. A. I already saw this horrible film before. B. I have never seen such a horrible film before. C. This is the most horrible film I saw. D. I have ever seen this horrible film before. The police are looking for the missing boy. A. The missing boy is looked for. B. The missing boy is looking for. C. The missing boy is being looking for. D. The missing boy is being looked for. Susan regretted not buying that villa. A. Susan wished she had bought that villa. B. Susan wished she bought that villa. C. Susan wished she could buy that villa. D. Susan wished she hadn’t bought that villa. It’s a pity that you didn’t tell us about this. A. I wish you told us about this. B. I wish you would tell us about this. C. I wish you had told us about this. D. I wish you have told us about this. It started to rain at 2 o’clock and it is still raining. A. It has been raining at 2 o’clock. B. It has been raining since 2 o’clock. C. It has been raining for 2 o’clock. D. It has been raining in 2 o’clock. They made her hand over her passport. A. She was made to hand over her passport. B. She was made hand over her passport. C. She was handed over to make her passport. D. She was handed over for her passport to make. I tried to eat the cake, but it was too sweet. A. It was such a sweet cake that I couldn’t eat it. B. It was so sweet cake that I couldn’t eat it. C. The cake was too sweet that I couldn’t eat it. D. The cake was very sweet that I couldn’t eat it. My brother and I went to that school. A. I went to that school and my brother, too. B. I went to that school and so my brother did. C. I went to that school and so did my brother. D. I went to that school and so my brother did, too She said to us, “Don’t be late again.” A. She said to us not to be late again. B. She told us to be late again. C. She told to us not to be late again. D. She told us not to be late again. I often get up early in the morning. A. I am used to getting up early in the morning. B. I am used to get up early in the morning. C. I used to get up early in the morning. D. I used to getting up early in the morning. It isn’t necessary to shout. A. You need to keep silent. B. You don’t need shouting. C. You needn’t shout. D. It’s necessary to keep silent. “You shouldn’t stay up late ”, the doctor told Mr William. A. The doctor advised Mr William not stay up late. B. The doctor advised Mr William not to go to bed so early. C. The doctor advised Mr William to stay up late. D. The doctor advised Mr William not to stay up late. Julia couldn’t pass the driving test because she was so nervous. A. Julia could pass the driving test if she hadn’t been so nervous. B. Julia could pass the driving test if she wasn’t very nervous. C. Julia could have passed the driving test if she hadn’t been so nervous. D. Julia will pass the driving test if she wasn’t so nervous. It takes me five hours to drive to Manchester city from here. A. Manchester city is five hours’drive from here . B. Manchester city drives for five hours from here . C. Manchester city is driving for five hours from here D. I have five hours to drive to Manchester city from here . Peter lives in the house. The house is opposite my house. A. Peter lives in the house it is opposite my house. B. Peter lives in the house which opposite my house. C. Peter lives in the house on which is opposite my house..

(95) 41.. 42.. 43.. 44.. 45.. 46.. 47.. 48.. 49.. 50.. 51.. D. Peter lives in the house which is opposite my house. The plants may develop differently. The plants live on that island. A. The plants live on that island may develop differently. B. The plants that live on that island may develop differently. C. The plants which lives on that island may develop differently. D. The plants whose live on that island may develop differently. He came back at 9:00 last night. His son was having dinner. A. After he came back at 9:00 last night his son was having dinner. B. He came back at 9:00 last night but his son was having dinner. C. When he came back at 9:00 last night his son was having dinner. D. When he came back at 9:00 last night and his son was having dinner. The weather was very cold. They couldn’t go out. A. The weather was very cold and that they couldn’t go out. B. The weather was so cold that they couldn’t go out. C. The weather was not so cold they couldn’t go out. D. The weather was very cold they couldn’t go out. My teacher lives far from our school. A. It’s a short distance from my teacher’s house to our school. B. It’s a long distance from my teacher’s house to our school. C. My teacher’s house is near our school. D. My teacher lives near our school. The water was so cold that we couldn’t swim in it. A. The water was too cold for us to swim in it. B. The water was very cold for us to swim in. C. The water wasn’t warm enough that we couldn’t swim in it. D. The water was too cold for us to swim in. Although there was a traffic jam, Mr. David managed to get to his office on time. A. Despite traffic jam, Mr. David managed to get to his office on time. B. In spite traffic jam, Mr. David managed to his office on time. C. Despite of the traffic jam, Mr. David managed to his office on time. D. In spite of the traffic jam, Mr. David managed to get to his office on time. I’ll only help you if you promise to try harder. A. Unless you promise to try harder, I’ll help you. B. I won’t help you unless you promise to try harder. C. I’ll help you even when you promise to try harder. D. I won’t help you even when you promise to try harder. John began playing the organ five years ago. A. John has been playing the organ five years ago. B. John has played the organ for five years. C. John has been playing the organ for five years . D. John used to play the organ five years ago. She can’t have any more children because of her old age. A. She isn’t young enough to have more children. B. She isn’t young to have more children. C. She isn’t so young that to have more children. D. She is too old that to have more children. I like watching TV more than listening to the radio. A. I prefer watching TV to listening to the radio. B. I prefer watching TV than listening to the radio. C. I’d better watching TV to listening to the radio. D. I’d better watch TV to listening to the radio. Unless you keep your feet dry, you will catch a cold. A. You won’t catch a cold even if you don’t keep your feet dry..

(96) B. You will catch a cold if you don’t keep your feet dry. C. You will catch a cold if you keep your feet dry. D. Unless you keep your feet wet, you won’t catch a cold. 52. Parents always make their children wash their hands before meals. A. Children are always made to wash their hands before meals. B. Children are always made wash their hands before meals. C. Parents always allow their children to wash their hands before meals. D. Parents always let their children wash their hands before meals. 53. The bookshelf was so high that Heidi couldn’t reach it. A. The bookshelf was too high that Heidi couldn’t reach it. B. The bookshelf was too high for Heidi to reach . C. The bookshelf wasn’t slow enough for Heidi to reach. D. B and C 54. Peter regretted buying the secondhand computer. A. Peter didn’t want to buy the secondhand computer. B. Peter wished he didn’t buy the secondhand computer. C. Peter wished he hadn’t bought the secondhand computer. D. Peter was glad to buy secondhand computer. 55. It was such a dull play that he fell asleep. A. The play was not interesting enough that he fell asleep. B. The play was too dull that he fell asleep. C. The play was so dull that he fell asleep. D. The play was very dull that he fell asleep. 56. The garden is too small to play football in. A. The garden is so small not to play football in. B. The garden is small enough to play football in. C. The garden isn’t big enough to play football in. D. The garden is such small that they can’t play football in. 57. Donald could not help weeping when he heard the bad news. A. Donald could not stop himself from weeping at the bad news. B. Donald could not allow himself to weep at the bad news. C. Donald could not help himself and so he wept. D. Donald could not help himself because he was weeping. 58. Caroline asked me what time the meeting would end. A. Caroline said, “What time will the meeting end?” B. Caroline said, “What time would the meeting end?” C. Caroline said, “What time the meeting will end?” D. Caroline said, “What time the meeting would end?” 59.I’ve never eaten this food before. A. It’s the first time I’ve eaten this food. B. It’s the most tasty food I’ve ever eaten. C. I’ve never eaten such a good food before. D. the food is so good that I’ve never eaten before 60. We couldn’t go out because the weather was so bad. A. It was so bad a weather that we couldn’t go out. B. It was such a bad weather that we couldn’t go out. C. It was so bad weather that we couldn’t go out. D. It was such bad weather that we couldn’t go out. Unit 14 – 15 : Phrasal verbs  Exercise I/ Choose the most appropriate preposition to fill in each blank. up after on off in 1. I’d like to listen to some music. Would you please turn the radio….................? 2. Please try to give…....... smoking. It is not good for your health..

(97) 3. Don’t put…............. your homework anymore. the deadline is coming. 4. When I was young, my uncle looked…........... me because my parents were abroad. 5. Before you enter the class, you need to fill… ........this form so that we can have your personal information. Exercise II. Choose one of the following phrasal verbs to complete the sentneces look up look after find out go on turn down. give up. grow up. break down. 1.. We'll buy a smaller house when the children____________and left home.. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.. The computer isn't working - it______________this morning. It was not problem. We______________his number in the telephone book. Who ____________the cats when we go away on holiday? I where he lived by checking in the local library. My headaches have been much better since I__________drinking coffee. 'What_______________here? What are you doing?' I_____________their offer because they weren't going to pay me enough money. Exercise III- Choose from the four options given(marked A,B,C or D) one best answer to complete each sentence. 1. The driver skidded and ….a dog. A. ran. B. ran in to. C. ran after. D. ran over. 2. Aren’t you going to …the dress…before you buy it? A. try/ X. B. try/ up. C. try/ on. D. try /in. 3. I’m sorry, sir. But you’ve already worn these dress. That’s why we can’t…it….. A. take/ back. B. take /after. C. take/ in. D. take/ again. 4. Are you telling the truth? Or are you …. this story. A. making. B. making up. C. making for. D. doing. 5. Perhaps important supplies of food and minerals were suddenly…. A. cut out. B. cut off. C. cut down. D. cut back. 6. His alarm clock is always set for six o'clock. He arises at the same time every day. A. turns off. B. gets up. C. puts on. 7. She telephoned her friend to tell him about the meeting. They decided to drive there together. A. turned on 8. C. called up. Some old friends of mine visited us last night. A. called on. 9.. B. took off B. called up. C. wore out. Fortunately, Marie is associating well with her new co-workers. A. calling on. B. talking over. C. getting along with. Exercise IV. Rewrite each sentence so that it contains the phrasal verb in brackets. You may have to change the form..

(98) 1. Peter is just like his father! (take after) Peter ._________________________________________________________________________________. 2. Quite by chance, Brenda met Philip at the station, (run into) Brenda _______________________________________________________________________________. 3.Tina's car stopped working on the way to Scotland, (break down) Tina's car______________________________________________________________________________. 4.Ruth's party has been postponed until next month, (put off) Ruth's party__________________________________________________________________________ . 5. It would be a good idea to stop drinking coffee, (give up) It would be a good idea_________________________________________________________________. 6. I saw their number in the phone directory, (look up) I ___________________________________________________________________________________ 7.We offered them £250,000 for the house but they refused our offer, (turn down) We offered them £250,000 for the house___________________________________________________ . 8. It took me a long time to recover from my illness, (get over) It took me______________________________________________________________________ 9. I’m thinnking about my next holiday with pleasure. (look) I’m looking forward ____________________________________________________________ 10.You don’t need to wear your rain coat. it is so hot here. ( take) You can ______________________________________________________________________ Unit 16 : Clauses of time  Exercise I.Match an adverbial clause in A with its main clause in B. A B 1. By the time we got to the station, a. It's two hours 2. since Mary rang.. b. she went home.. 3.While Mary was washing-up,. c. she broke a cup.. 4. After Jill had given Nick his books,. d.What were you doing. 5. when I phoned you last night? e. the train had left. 6. until Mrs Hall comes back. f .I received a phone call. 7. When I got home g. we'll phone you. 8. As soon as we're ready, h. Pleasewait here Exercise II. Put each verb given into the correct tense. 1. When Harry (wake up)_______________________, we told him the news. 2. Everyone (wait) ______________ for the concert to begin when a message (come) . 3. When the film started, I (already arrive) ________________________ten minutes before. 4. It's a long time since we (not speak)_____________________ to your sister. 5. After I finish University I (travel) ______________________ all over Europe by InterRail. 6. Hand in your paper as soon as you (finish)__________________ . 7. By the time you leave here, I (collect)______________over 1000 Euros for charity. 8.. When I see her again, I (tell)_______________________ her your news. Exercise III. For each question, complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first, using no more than three words. 1.. Steve left before my arrival.. When I _______________________________________________________already left..

(99) 2. I'll wait here until it stops raining. When it stops raining_________________________________________leave. 3.. In the middle of my meal, the phone rang.. While I_________________________my meal the phone rang. 4. I haven't been to the cinema for ages. It's_________________________last went to the cinema. 5. Michael took a deep breath and dived into the water. After Michael_______________________a deep breath, he dived into the water. 6. When he was younger David played tennis. David_________________________tennis when he was younger. 7. Hurry up! We'll get to the theatre after the beginning of the play. By the time we get to the theatre, the play _______________________. 8.. Kate took two aspirins, and then she felt a lot better.. After Kate_________________________two aspirins, she felt a lot better. MẪU CÂU GIAO TIẾP 1) CÁC MẪU ĐỀ NGHỊ NGƯỜI KHÁC GIÚP MÌNH: Đề nghị - V0 ............, please. - Can you / Could you + V0.......... - Would you please + V0........... - Will you + V0. - I wonder if you'd/ could + V0. - Would / Do you mind V-ing......... Trả lời đồng ý - Certainly - Of course - Sure - No problem - What can I do for you? - How can I help you?. Trả lời không đồng ý I'm sorry. (I'm busy ) I'm afraid I can't/ couldn't. - No I don't mind. - No, of course not. - Not at all.. - I'm sorry, I can't.. 2 ) CÁC MẪU MÌNH MUỐN GIÚP NGƯỜI KHÁC: Trả lời đồng ý -Yes. Thank you -That's very kind of you. Yes, please. Oh, would you really? Thanks a lot.. -Shall I... - Would you like me to ... -Do you want me to ... - What can I do for you ? - May I help you ? - Do you need any help? - Let me help you. - Can I help you ?. Trả lời không đồng ý No. Thank you No, thank you. I can manage. No, there's no need. But thanks all the same. Well, that's very kind of you, but I think I can manage, thanks.. 3 ) CÁC MẪU XIN PHÉP NGƯỜI KHÁC: - May I ....? - Can I .....? Could I -May I go out ?. Trả lời đồng ý - Certainly - Of course - Please do - Please go ahead. Trả lời không đồng ý - I'd rather you didn't - I'd prefer You didn't.

(100) -Do you think I could ... -I wonder if I could ... -Is it all right if I ... - Would you mind if I + QKĐ - Would you mind if I smoked ? - Do you mind if I + HTĐ. Do you mind if I smoke ? 5. - Yes, by all means -No, I'm afraid you can't -I'm sorry, but you can't.. - No, of course not. - Not at all. - Please do - Please go ahead. ) CÁC MẪU CÂU RỦ, GỢI Ý LÀM GÌ : Trả lời đồng ý Trả lời không đồng ý 1. Yes, I think that's a good idea. 2. That's probably the best option. 3. Sure, why not? No, let's not. 4. Yes, definitely. 5. By all means. 6. Good idea. 1. Shall I / we... (do)? 2. Let's... (do). 3. Why don't I / we... (do)? 4. How about... (doing)? 5. What about... (doing)? 6. I think we should... (do). 7. I suggest that we... (do). 8. It might be a good idea if we / you... (do). 9. I think the best way of dealing with this situation would be to... (do). 10. If you ask me, I think we / you should/ could...V (do). 6. ) CÁC MẪU CÂU CÁM ƠN: Trả lời - You're welcome. - That's all right. - Not at all. - It's my pleasure. - Thank you. - Thank you very much. - Thanks a lot. - Thanks a lot for .... 7 ) CÁC MẪU CÂU hỏi lại khi nghe không rõ:. - Pardon? ( chữ này thông dụng các em cần nhớ) - Please say that again. - Could you repeat that? 8 ) CÁC MẪU CÂU MỜI: a) Mời ăn uống: Ví dụ: Đáp lại: b) Mời đi đâu: Ví dụ:. - Would you like + món ăn/uống Would you like a cup of tea? ( mời bạn uống trà) - Yes, please. / - No, thanks. - Would you like + to inf. Would you like to go to the cinema with me? ( mời bạn đi xem phim với tôi) Would you like to go to the party? ( mời bạn đi dự tiệc). 9 ) CÁC MẪU CÂU CẢNH BÁO : Don't move! Look out! 10) CÁC MẪU CÂU CHUNG : 1. Uh-huh! Showing. Mind you head! Be careful! 3. Right!. Watch out! Take care!. 3. Really?. 4. That's interesting!.

(101) interest (Thể hiện sự quan tâm) Showing that you're listening (Thể hiện bạn đang lắng nghe) Thanking and responding ( Cảm ơn và đáp lại lời cảm ơn ). 5. And?. Apologizing ( Xin lỗi ). 1. Sorry 3. Excuse me. 5. I do apologize. 1. That's all right/OK. 3. That's quite/perfectly all right. 5. Don't worry about it. Accepting an apology ( Chấp nhận lời xin lỗi) Giving instructions ( Đưa ra lời hướng dẫn ). Checking someone has understood ( K.tra xem ai đã hiểu hay chưa). 6. What then?. 7. Oh?. 1. Now, you mentioned... 3. Yes, I was going to ask you about that... of...? 5. Could you explain in more detail...?. 8. What happened next?. 2. So, that's how...? 4. Could you give me / us an example. 1. Many thanks. 2. Thanks a lot. 4. That's very kind of you. 5. Thank you very much 7. It's a pleasure. / My pleasure. 8. You're welcome. 10. Any time. 11. That's OK / all right. 12. I'm glad to have been of some help. 3. Cheers! 6. Not at all. 9. Don't mention it.. 2. I'm very/awfully/so/extremely sorry. 4. Sorry, (it was) my fault. 6. Please accept my apologies 2. Not to worry. 4. No reason/need to apologize.. 1. Make sure... 2. Remember... (to do). 3. Be careful... (not to do). 4. Don't forget... (to do) 5. Giving directions 6. Go straight on. 7. Take the first/second on the left / right. 8. Turn left / right. 9. Go along... as far as... 10. Take the number 7 bus / tram. 11. Get off (the bus / tram) at... (place). 12. Carry on until you see... 13. Look out for.. 1. Are you with me? 2. Did you follow that? 3. Have you got that? 4. Is everything clear so far? 5. Does that seem to make sense. MỘT SỐ CÂU GIAO TIẾP THƯỜNG GẶP 1.A: “More coffee ? Anybody ?” B: “………………….” A. I don’t agree.I’m afraid” B.I’d love to 2.A: “ Do you like the weather here ?” B: “ I wish it…………………” A.doesn’t rain B.didn’t rain 3.A: “ Oh,I’m really sorry” B: “…………………” A.It was a pleasure B.That’s all right 4.A: “ What’s your hobby,Hoa?. C.yes,please. D.It’s right.I think. C.won’t rain. D.hadn’t rained. C.Thanks. D.Yes, why?.

(102) B: “…………………….” A.Well, I like collecting stamps C.Well,I want stamps 5. A: “You look nice today .I like your new hairstyle” B: “………………………” A.It’s nice of you to say so. B.Oh, with computers D.Oh,on the phone B.Shall I? Thanks. C.Oh, Well done D.I feel interesting to hear that 6. A: “ A motorbike knocked Ted down.” B: “ …………………… A.ưhat is it now? B.Poor Ted! C.How terrific! D.What a motorbike! 7. A: “ I have bought you a toy.Happy birthday to you!” B: “…………………” A.The same to you B.Have a nice day! C.What a pity! D.What a lovely toy ! thanks 8.A “………………” B: “Oh, It’s great” A.How is the English competition ? B.Would you like the English competition? C.What do you like about the English competition? D.What do you think of the English competition ? 9. “ Peter : “ Do you feel like going to the cinema this everning ?” Mary: “……………………………” A.I don’t agree.I’m afraid B.You’re welcome C.That would be great D.I feel very bored 10. Laura: “ What a lovely house you have “ Mary: “……………….” A.Of course not, It’s not costly B.Thank you .Hope you will drop in C. I think so D. No problem 11. A : “ Has an announcement been made about the eight o’clock flight to Paris ?” B: “……………….” A.Yes,it’s was B.Sorry,I don’t C.I don’t think that D.Not yet 12.A: “Would you mind lending me your bike?” B: “…………………….” A. Yes.Here it is B.Not at all C.Yes,let’s D.Great 13.A: “…………….detective stories?” B: “In my opinion,they are very good for teenagers” A.How about B.Are you fond of C.What do you think about D.What do people feel about? 14.Hellen : “ Congratulations !” Jane : “…………….” A.What a pity B.Thank you C.I’m sorry D.You are welcome 15.Linda : “ Excuse me ! Where ‘s the post office ?” Maria: “…………………..” A.It’s over there B.I’m afraid not C.Don’t worry D.Yes, I think so 16.Tom: “ How did you get there ?” John: “ ………………” A.Is it far from here ? B.I came here by trainC.I came here last night D.The train is so crowded 17.Alice : “ What shall we do this everning?” Carol: “………………….” A.Let’s go out for dinner B.No problem C.Thank you D.Not at all 19.Mary: “Whose bike is that?” Tom :”…………….” A.No, It’s over there B.It’s Jane C.It’s just outside D.It’s Jane’s 20.Peter : “ How do you go to school?”.

(103) Mary: “…………………” A.I go there early B.Everyday,Except Sunday C.I don’t think so 21.A: “ Bye” B: “…………..” A.See you lately B.Thank you C.Meet you again 23.A: “ I’ve passed my driving test” B: “…………………..” A.Congratulations! B.That’s agood idea C.It’s nice of you to say so 24.A: “ would you like to have dinner with me ?” B: “……………….” A.Yes, I love to B.Yes, so do I C.I’m very happy 25.Ann: “………..where the nearest post office is ? Linda: “ Turn left and then turn right” A.Could you tell me B.Should you show me C. Do you tell me 26.A : “ How do you do ?” B: “…………….” A.How do you do ? B.Not too bad C.I’m well.Thank 27.Peter: “ I enjoy listening to pop music” Maria: “………………..” A.I’m too B.I don’t C.Neither do I 28. A: It’s hot in here? B: “ …….I open the window?” A.Did B.Shall C.Would 29 .David : “ Jame is a very brave man “ Bob: “ Yes, I wish I…………..his encourage” A.had B.will have C.have had 30.David: “ You’ ve got a beautiful dress!” Hellen: “ ………………..” A.I do B.Thank you C.You,too 31.Sue: “ I love music” Alice : “……………” A.So do I B.No, I won’t C.Yes, I like it 32.Maria: “ I’m taking my end term examination tomorrow: Sarah : “………………..” A.Good luck B.Good day C.good time 33. Hang: “ Thank for your help,Lan:” Lan: “ …………………..” A.with all my heart B.Never remind me C.It’s my pleasure 34.Ann: “ Do you think it will rain?” Peter : “…………………” A.I don’t hope B.I hope not C.I don’t hope so 35.Ann: “ Do you think you you will get the job?” Mary: “………………….” A.Yes, that’s right B.I think not C.I know so 36. David: “ Happy Christmas !” Peter : “…………..” A.The same to you! B.Happy christmas to you! C.You are the same ! 37.A: “…………going on a picnic this weekend ?” B: “ That’s great !” A.Why don’t we B.Would you like C.How about 38.What an attractive hair style you have got, Mary!- _______ A. Thank you very much. I am afraid C. You are telling a lie B. Thank you for your compliment D. I don't like your sayings. D.I go there by bus D.See you later D.Do you? D.Yes,it is D.Will you say me D.Yeah,OK D.So am I D.Do D.have D.Okay D.Neither do I D.Good chance D.Wish you D.It’s hopeless D.Well,I hope so D.Same for you! D.Let’s.

(104) 39.You look great in this new dress. - ________. A. With pleasure B. Not at all C. I am glad you like it D. Do not say anything about it 40.How well you are playing! - ________. A. Say it again. I like to hear your words C. I think so. I am proud of myself B. Thank you too much D. Many thanks. That is a nice compliment 41 .I’m sorry. It’s late. I must go now. - ________________. A. You are welcome B. Good bye. See you soon C. Not at all D. Hello 42.What a lovely hat you have! – Thanks. ……………. . A. that’s OK B. I don’t care C. I’m glad you like it D. certainly 43. A: How’s life? – B: ______ A. Sure B. Not too bad, but very busy C. Very well, thank you D. Pleased to meet you 44. A: “Thank you for the lovely present.” –B: “______” A. Go ahead B. Not at all C. Come on D. I’m pleased you like it 45.A: “Thank you very much” B: ……………………. A.Not at all B.You are well come C.That’s all right D.All are correct 46. A: “Do you fancy a coffee?” B: ………………………. A.Oh,dear B.Everything is ok C.Oh,yes. I ‘d love one D.How do you do 47 .. A:“You look nice in that red shirt.” B: ………………………….. A.It’s nice of you to say so B.Am I? Thanks C.Oh,poor me D.I’m interesting to hear that 48. A: Peter had an accident.he’s been in hospital for 5 days” B: …………………………… A.Poor it B.Poor him C.how terrific D.Oh,Is he? 49.. A: “Happy birthday! This is a small present for you” B:…………………………. A.What a pity B.How beautiful it is ! Thanks C.Have a good time D.How terrble! 50..A: “How are you getting on ?” B: ……………………………….. A.All right B.Not bad C.It’s Ok D. All are correct 51.. A: “ I’m sorry.It ‘s late .I must go now.Bye bye” B: ………………………………. A.You are welcome B.Goodbye.See you soon C.Not at all D.Hello 52.A: “ Thank you for a lovely evening.” B: ………………………….. A.You are welcome B.Have a good day C.Thanks D.Che 53.. A: “ Do you mind if I use your bike” B:………………………… A.Yes do you B.Yes , It’s my pleasure C.No, you don’t D.No, You can use it 54.. A: “ Congratulations!” B:…………………………. A.What a pity! B.Thank you C.I’m sory D.You are welcome 55..A : “ …………………..” B: I’m in teaching A.What do you do for a living ? B.What do you earn for a living? C.How do you live? D. What are you working ?.

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