Tài liệu OXFORD PRACTICE GRAMMAR 131 pdf
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OXFORD PRACTICE GRAMMAR
131 DIRECT SPEECH AND REPORTED SPEECH
DIRECT SPEECH
Look at these examples of direct speech.
Trevor: I'm tired.
Wasn't it Greta Garbo who said, 7 want to be alone'?
'But I don't love you, Henry,' replied Claire.
We can show that words are direct
speech by putting them
in quotation marks (''). See page 373.
Sometimes the
words are put after the speaker's name, in
the script of a
play or film, for example. In a picture we
can put the
words in a speech bubble.
The actress Melissa Livingstone and
supermarket owner Ron Mason
have announced that they are
getting married next month.
Melissa is sure they will be happy
together, she told reporters.
B Reported speech
In reported speech we give the meaning of what was said rather than
the exact words.
Trevor says he's tired.
Wasn't it Greta Garbo who said that she wanted to be alone?
Claire replied that she didn't love Henry.
In reported speech we often change the actual words, e.g. 'I'm tired' —> he's
tired.
Sometimes the verb tense changes, e.g. / want —> she wanted (see Unit
134).
In reporting we use verbs such as announce, answer, explain, mention,
promise, reply, say, suggest, tell.
warn. The most common of these are say and tell (see C). We can also report
thoughts. We think the
meal was expensive. Nick knew Rita wanted to be with someone else.
When we report statements, we often use that, but we can sometimes leave
it out.
You promised (that) you wouldn't be late. Sarah was saying (that) there's a
problem.
C Tell or say?
TELL
We use tell if we want to mention the hearer
(the person spoken to).
Sarah's boss told her she could leave early.
NOT -Sarah's boss told she-could leave-early.
Daniel tells me he's ready. We use tell
without an indirect object (e.g. her, me) only in
the expressions tell a story, tell the truth and
tell a lie.
SAY
When we do not mention the hearer, we use say.
Sarah's boss said she could leave early.
NOT Sarah's boss-said her she could leave early.
Daniel says he's ready.
We sometimes use to after say, especially when
the words are not reported.
The boss wanted to say something to Sarah.
What did Matthew say to you?
131 EXERCISES
1 Reported speech (B)
Why are these people at the doctor's? What do they say is wrong with them?
► She says she gets pains in her leg.
1 She says...................................................................... 3
…………………………………
2 He says ...................................................................... 4
....................................................
Reported speech (B)
Who said what? Match the words to the people and report what they said. If
you can't
match them, look at the answers at the bottom of the page.
► Mrs Thatcher a) 'All the world's a stage.'
1 Stokeley Carmichael b) 'Black is beautiful'
2 Galileo c) 'Big Brother is watching you.'
3 Shakespeare d) 'There is no such thing as society.'
4 George Orwell e) 'The earth moves round the sun.'
► Mrs Thatcher said that there is no such thing as society.
1
2
3
4
Tell or say? (C)
Put in tell or say.
? All the experts say the earth is getting warmer.
? Did you tell Mark and Sarah how to find our house?
1 The Sales Manager is going to.................. everyone about the meeting.
2 Vicky, why don't you just…………… what the matter is?
3 They……………. they're going to build a new Disney World here.
4 What did Natasha……………. about her holiday plans?
5 Could you………….. me the way to the train station, please?
6 The company should……………. its employees what's going on.
7 You shouldn't……………..lies, you know, Matthew.
8 Did you …………… anything to Melanie about the barbecue?
