PERFECT MODAL
I. Complete the sentences with MUST/MUSTN’T/MUST HAVE
DONE/CAN/CAN’T/CAN'T HAVE DONE.
1. The baby has just had his bottle of milk. He…………………………(be) hungry !
2. Young people………………………………………(obey) their parents.
3. I don’t want anyone to know. You…………………………………………(tell) anyone.
4. She always makes people repeat. She……………………………… ( be) a bit deaf.
5. Julietta was absent for the first time yesterday. She (be)…………………………….sick.
6. I wonder who is at the door. It ……………………………(be) Doris, she is still at work.
7. German called us as soon as his wife had her baby. He (be)………………………very proud.
8. It rained for a week. The tourists …………………………. (enjoy) their time !
9. The baby is sleeping. You…………………………………….(shout).
10. Gary is so ill-tempered ! He ……………………… (have) many friends, can he ?
11. How did you manage to get to school on time ? You …………………………(go) on foot !
14. There are pupils outside the school. They......................................(wait) for the bus, as usual.
II. Fill in the gap with a perfect modal verbs.
1. John ……………………………….(go) on holiday. I saw him this morning downtown.
2. Gloria has won every game she's played today. She …………………………(practice) a lot.
3. Nobody answered the phone at the clinic. It ……………………………………(close) early.
4. You………………………………………………(wash) the dishes . We have a dishwasher.
5. I ………………………………………(revise) more for my exams. I think I'll fail!
6. Do you think he did it? I think he……………………………………(do) it but I am not sure.
7. I don't have anything to wear today. I (do)……………………………………the laundry.
8. Sarah looks really pleased with herself. She ………………….(pass) her driving test this
morning.
9. The Smiths (build)…………………………their house anywhere. Why did he choose here?
10. I didn't know you were going to Phil's party yesterday. You ………………………(tell) me!
11. I can't believe Jim hasn't arrived yet. He ……………………………(catch) the wrong train.
12. Don't lie to me that you were ill yesterday. You ……………………………(be) ill - Don
said you were at the ice hockey match last night.
III. Choose from the four options given ( marked A, B, C or D ) one best to complete each

sentence by circling the corresponding letter A, B, C or D.
1. All students _____________ wear uniforms at school because it is a rule.
A. should
B. have to
C. ought to
D. must
2. You______ the look on his face when he won the prize.
A. would have seen
B. can be seeing
C. must see
D. should have seen
3. This drink isn’t beneficial for health. You __________ drink it too much.
A. should
B. ought to not
C. ought not to
D. mustn’t
4. We ___________ go to work by car. Sky train is a wise choice during rush hour.
A. ought to
B. mustn’t
C. shouldn’t
D. have to
5. When playing or swimming in the pool, children ________be accompanied in advance.
A. should
B. must
C. don’t have to
D. have to
6. My car broke down yesterday, so I __________ catch a taxi to the office.
A. have to
B. had better
C. had to

D. has to
7. Anyone ________ have a passport, even a visa when travelling all around the world.
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A. ought to
B. must
C. should
D. has to
8. The children _________ spend too much time playing computer game.
A. mustn’t
B. ought to not
C. shouldn’t
D. Both B and C
9. “Are you still going to Florida for vacation?”
“Yes but I really……………..because I don’t have much money.”
A. shouldn’t
B. can’t
. mustn’t
D. won’t
10. “……to finish his MA degree this year?” - “Yes or they will cut off his scholarship.”
A. Does John have
B. Must John
C. Will John
D. Shouldn’t John
11. Bob is absent. He………………….sick again now.
A. must have been
B. must be
C. must be being
D. must being

12. John still hasn’t come out. He ______ everything for the trip now.
A. must have been preparing B. must be preparing C. will be preparing D. will have prepared
13. “Why didn’t you come to yoga classes last night?” - “Because I……for my sister until
9:30.”
A. must have babysat
B. had to babysit C. must babysit D. have to babysit
14. I think I should have cooked more food. There’s nothing left now.
A. I should not have cooked so much food. B. I did not cook much food and I think it is ok now.
C. I regrets cooking too much food now.
D. I did not cook much food and I think it was a mistake.

15. He was driving so fast that he could have had an accident.
A. An accident happened, and it was caused by his very fast driving.
B. He wasn’t driving fast enough to avoid an accident.
C. If he had been driving very fast, he would have had an accident.
D. He didn’t have an accident although he was driving very fast.
16. You shouldn't ___________ to your teacher like that. It was very rude.
A. talked
B. talk
C. have talked
D. have be talked
17. “I had to take a taxi home from the party last night.” “Oh, that was too bad.
You…………….in my car.”
A. could have gone
B. could go
C. can go
D. could gone
18. My mother ______such a thing.
A. cannot say
B. couldn't say

C. may not say
D. cannot have said
19. “You are not allowed to press the red button on this machine." has the closest meaning to
____.
A. You ought to press the red button on this machine.
B. You mustn't press the red button on this machine.
C. You do not have to press the red button on this machine.
D. You should not to press the red button on this machine.
20.- "Did you visit the famous museum?" - "No. We _____it, but we spent too much time
shopping.
A must have visited
B. could have visited
C. can't have visited
D. shouldn't have visited
21. The television isn't working. It ___ damaged during the move.
a. must
b. must have been
c. must be
d. must have
22. When it turned out that Alice ___ to hospital before July, I phoned the agency to cancel the
bookings. I didn’t want to risk losing the money, in case she did.
a. needed have gone b. might have to go
c. could have gone d. needed to have gone
23. We _____last night, but we went to the concert instead.
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A. must have studied B. might study
C. should have studied
D. would study

24. She ___, but luckily, a lifeguard spotted her and rescued her.
a. has drowned
b. ought to drown
c. could have drowned
d. might drown
25. It’s absurd! In the first section they praise us for preventing a “major epidemic” and in the
next one they write that we ___ so many people.
a. needn’t have vaccinated
b. didn’t need to vaccinate
c. didn’t need vaccinate
d. needn’t to have vaccinated
26. I can’t believe it. She ___ it by herself. It weighs over a ton.
a. couldn’t lift
b. might not lift
c. may not have been able to lift
d. can’t have lifted
27. There was a lot of fun at yesterday’s party. You _____ come, but why didn’t you?
A. must have
B. should
C need have
D. ought to have
28.- “I stayed at a hotel while in New York.” - “Oh, did you? You _____ with Barbara.”
A could have stayed
B. could stay
C would stay
D. must have stayed
29. Jack _____ yet, otherwise he would have telephoned me
A. mustn’t have arrived
B. shouldn’t have arrived
C. can’t have arrived

D. need not have arrived
30. Johnny, you _____ play with the knife, you _____ hurt yourself.
A. won’t / can’t
B. mustn’t/ may C. shouldn’t/must
D. can’t/ shouldn’t
31. - “There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well.” - “It
_____ a comfortable journey.”
A. can’t be
B shouldn’t be
C. mustn’t have been
D. couldn’t have been
32. - “Mary looks sad. Did you tell her about the accident?” - “Yes, but I _____ her later.”
A. ought not to have told
B. shouldn’t have told
C. must have told
D. should have told
33. I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I ______ for her.
A. had to write it out
B. must have written it out
C should have written it out
D. ought to write it out

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KEY
PERFECT MODAL
I. Complete the sentences with MUST/MUSTN’T/MUST HAVE
DONE/CAN/CAN’T/CAN'T HAVE DONE.
1. The baby has just had his bottle of milk. He……can’t be……………………(be) hungry !

2. Young people……………must…………………………(obey) their parents.
3. I don’t want anyone to know. You…………mustn’t…………………………(tell) anyone.
4. She always makes people repeat. She………must……………………… ( be) a bit deaf.
5. Julietta was absent for the first time yesterday. She (be)…must have been ………sick.
6. I wonder who is at the door. It ……can’t be……………(be) Doris, she is still at work.
7. German called us as soon as his wife had her baby. He (be)…must have been…very proud.
8. It rained for a week. The tourists …can’t have enjoyed………………. (enjoy) their time !
9. The baby is sleeping. You………mustn’t shout…………………………….(shout).
10. Gary is so ill-tempered ! He …can’t have…………………… (have) many friends, can he ?
11. How did you manage to get to school on time ? You …can’t have gone…(go) on foot !
14. There are pupils outside the school. They......must be waiting......(wait) for the bus, as usual.
II. Fill in the gap with a perfect modal verbs.
1. John …can’t have gone…………….(go) on holiday. I saw him this morning downtown.
2. Gloria has won every game she's played today. She …must have practised…(practice) a lot.
3. Nobody answered the phone at the clinic. It …must/might/may have closed…(close) early.
4. You……needn’t have washed………………(wash) the dishes . We have a dishwasher.
5. I …should have revised……………………(revise) more for my exams. I think I'll fail!
6. Do you think he did it? I think he…might/may have done………(do) it but I am not sure.
7. I don't have anything to wear today. I (do)…should have done……………the laundry.
8. Sarah looks really pleased with herself. She …must have passed……….(pass) her driving
test this morning.
9. The Smiths (build)…could have built……their house anywhere. Why did he choose here?
10. I didn't know you were going to Phil's party yesterday. You …should have told…(tell) me!
11. I can't believe Jim hasn't arrived yet. He …must/may/might have caught……………(catch)
the wrong train.
12. Don't lie to me that you were ill yesterday. You …can’t have been………………(be) ill Don said you were at the ice hockey match last night.
III. Choose from the four options given ( marked A, B, C or D ) one best to complete each
sentence by circling the corresponding letter A, B, C or D.
1. All students _____________ wear uniforms at school because it is a rule.
B. should

B. have to
C. ought to
D. must
2. You______ the look on his face when he won the prize.
A. would have seen
B. can be seeing
C. must see
D. should have seen
3. This drink isn’t beneficial for health. You __________ drink it too much.
B. should
B. ought to not
C. ought not to
D. mustn’t
4. We ___________ go to work by car. Sky train is a wise choice during rush hour.
B. ought to
B. mustn’t
C. shouldn’t
D. have to
5. When playing or swimming in the pool, children ________be accompanied in advance.
B. should
B. must
C. don’t have to
D. have to
6. My car broke down yesterday, so I __________ catch a taxi to the office.
4


B. have to
B. had better
C. had to

D. has to
7. Anyone ________ have a passport, even a visa when travelling all around the world.
A. ought to
B. must
C. should
D. has to
8. The children _________ spend too much time playing computer game.
A. mustn’t
B. ought to not
C. shouldn’t
D. Both B and C
9. “Are you still going to Florida for vacation?”
“Yes but I really……………..because I don’t have much money.”
A. shouldn’t
B. can’t
. mustn’t
D. won’t
10. “……to finish his MA degree this year?” - “Yes or they will cut off his scholarship.”
A. Does John have
B. Must John
C. Will John
D. Shouldn’t John
11. Bob is absent. He………………….sick again now.
A. must have been
B. must be
C. must be being
D. must being
12. John still hasn’t come out. He ______ everything for the trip now.
A. must have been preparing B. must be preparing C. will be preparing D. will have prepared
13. “Why didn’t you come to yoga classes last night?” - “Because I……for my sister until

9:30.”
A. must have babysat
B. had to babysit C. must babysit D. have to babysit
14. I think I should have cooked more food. There’s nothing left now.
A. I should not have cooked so much food. B. I did not cook much food and I think it is ok now.
C. I regrets cooking too much food now.
D. I did not cook much food and I think it was a mistake.

15. He was driving so fast that he could have had an accident.
A. An accident happened, and it was caused by his very fast driving.
B. He wasn’t driving fast enough to avoid an accident.
C. If he had been driving very fast, he would have had an accident.
D. He didn’t have an accident although he was driving very fast.
16. You shouldn't ___________ to your teacher like that. It was very rude.
A. talked
B. talk
C. have talked
D. have be talked
17. “I had to take a taxi home from the party last night.” “Oh, that was too bad.
You…………….in my car.”
A. could have gone
B. could go
C. can go
D. could gone
18. My mother ______such a thing.
A. cannot say
B. couldn't say
C. may not say
D. cannot have said
19. “You are not allowed to press the red button on this machine." has the closest meaning to

____.
A. You ought to press the red button on this machine.
B. You mustn't press the red button on this machine.
C. You do not have to press the red button on this machine.
D. You should not to press the red button on this machine.
20.- "Did you visit the famous museum?" - "No. We _____it, but we spent too much time
shopping.
A must have visited
B. could have visited
C. can't have visited
D. shouldn't have visited
21. The television isn't working. It ___ damaged during the move.
a. must
b. must have been
c. must be
d. must have
22. When it turned out that Alice ___ to hospital before July, I phoned the agency to cancel the
bookings. I didn’t want to risk losing the money, in case she did.
5


a. needed have gone b. might have to go
c. could have gone d. needed to have gone
23. We _____last night, but we went to the concert instead.
A. must have studied B. might study
C. should have studied
D. would study
24. She ___, but luckily, a lifeguard spotted her and rescued her.
a. has drowned
b. ought to drown

c. could have drowned
d. might drown
25. It’s absurd! In the first section they praise us for preventing a “major epidemic” and in the
next one they write that we ___ so many people.
a. needn’t have vaccinated
b. didn’t need to vaccinate
c. didn’t need vaccinate
d. needn’t to have vaccinated
26. I can’t believe it. She ___ it by herself. It weighs over a ton.
a. couldn’t lift
b. might not lift
c. may not have been able to lift
d. can’t have lifted
27. There was a lot of fun at yesterday’s party. You _____ come, but why didn’t you?
A. must have
B. should
C need have
D. ought to have
28.- “I stayed at a hotel while in New York.” - “Oh, did you? You _____ with Barbara.”
A could have stayed
B. could stay
C would stay
D. must have stayed
29. Jack _____ yet, otherwise he would have telephoned me
A. mustn’t have arrived
B. shouldn’t have arrived
C. can’t have arrived
D. need not have arrived
30. Johnny, you _____ play with the knife, you _____ hurt yourself.
A. won’t / can’t

B. mustn’t/ may C. shouldn’t/must
D. can’t/ shouldn’t
31. - “There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well.” - “It
_____ a comfortable journey.”
A. can’t be
B shouldn’t be
C. mustn’t have been
D. couldn’t have been
32. - “Mary looks sad. Did you tell her about the accident?” - “Yes, but I _____ her later.”
A. ought not to have told
B. shouldn’t have told
C. must have told
D. should have told
33. I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I ______ for her.
A. had to write it out
B. must have written it out
C should have written it out
D. ought to write it out

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