MODAL VERBS: MUST, CAN, SHOULD, OUGHT TO
I. Complete the sentences using the given words.
mustn't/don't have to/should/ought
1.You ……………………………..type your essay but if you want, you can do it.
2. I …………………………….. go home too late. My parents are very strict.
3. She is an expert adviser; thus, I think you ……………………………..to ask her for some advice.
4. You …………………………….. ask your teacher if you don't understand the lesson.
II. Complete the sentences using the given words.
shouldn't/have to/ought not/must
1. I…………………………….. finish homework before coming to class. My teacher is rather strict.
2.We ……………………………..show respect to our parents.
3. I think you ……………………………..stay up late because it is not good for your health.
4. If you want to help your friend, you …………………………….. to do her homework. Instead,
you should show her how to do it by herself.
III. Choose the best answer.
1. It's cold. You should/shouldn't turn on the fan.
2.You ought not to/ought to do homework before you go out with your friends.
3.You should/shouldn't eat plenty of fruit or vegetables every day in order to keep healthy.
4.You must/mustn't eat in the class.
5.You ought to/ought not to drink a lot of water every day.
6. I must/have to submit my homework before 12 o'clock because the deadline is 12 o'clock.
7. I must/have to stay at home to take care of my children.
8. My friend says: "You don't have to/mustn't drink champagne. You can have a coke or fruit juice
instead.
9.You don't have to/mustn't drink if you're going to drive afterwards.
10.You don't have to/mustn't pick up Tom at the airport because Judy will pick him up.
IV. Fill in the gaps with “must” and “have to”. Use the negative form if necessary.
1.Tomorrow is Mai's birthday. I ……………………buy a present for her.
2.We might…………………… leave earlier than we expected.
3. If you feel better, you……………………take medicine any more.
4. I……………………leave home at 6:00 because I have an appointment at 7:00.

5.You……………………eat a lot before doing the exercise. If you do, you might get into some
trouble with your stomach.
6.We couldn't find a better present so we……………………choose this one.
7. If you are a member of the club, you……………………pay to use these facilities because they
are included in the membership fee.
8. I had the flu, so I …………………… stay in the bed for two days.
9. If you are under 18 years old, you……………………ride a motorbike.
10. All students……………………wear uniforms on Mondays.
1


V. Match the advice with the suitable situation 1.
1.I don't feel well.
a.You ought to pick them up immediately.
2.All fruits on the tree are ripe.
b.You ought to review all lessons tonight.
3.I have a toothache.
c.You should go to a doctor.
4.I have a test tomorrow.
d.You ought to go to the dentist.
5.I can't speak English well.
e.You should practice English every day.
VI. Choose the best answer.
1. You ________ play loud music at night. The neighbors will call the police.
A. mustn’t
B. needn’t
C. might not
D. couldn’t
2. It’s late. I think we ………… better go.
A. had

B. have
C. should
D. would
3. Children ……………….. play on the grass.
A. needn’t
B. don’t have to
C. must
D. mustn’t
4. Don’t pretend you don’t know that you……. have a valid ticket on the bus.
A. have to
B. must
C. need
D. should
5. You .................take photographs here. It is a restricted area.
A. have to
B. mustn’t
C. don’t have to
D. shouldn’t
6. Everyone’s asleep. We …………………… make a noise
A. couldn’t
B. mustn’t
C. needn’t
D. wouldn’t
7. I’m quite happy to walk. You …………………. drive me home.
A. don’t
B. haven’t
C. mustn’t
D. needn’t
8. You _____ drink this. It is poison.
A. must

B. needn't
C. mustn't
D. shouldn't
9.You aren’t allowed to take photographs here.
A. You needn’t take photographs here.
B. You can’t take photographs here.
C. You don’t have to take photographs here.
D. You mustn’t take photographs here.
10. She felt ill and _____ leave early.
A. has to
B. must
C. had to
D. ought
11. 1. You ___________ use your mobile phone in the examination room.
A. oughtn’t to
B. mustn’t
C. don’t have to
D. shouldn’t
12. My grandparents live in the suburb, so whenever we visit them, we___________ a bus.
A. must take
B. should take
C. have to be taken
D. have to take
13. “Must I take my umbrella?” - “No, you ___. It’s not going to rain.”
A. mustn’t
B. have to
C. needn’t
D. don’t
14. The Prince’s aircraft had to undergo a security check and so we ___ to him for almost an hour.
Father was very impressed as normally he could have counted on nothing more than a handshake.

A. might talk
B. were able to talk
C. could have talked
D. may have talked
15. The book is optional. My professor said we could read it if we needed extra credit. But we ___
read it if we don't want to.
A. cannot
B. don't have to
C. must not
D. should not
16. He…………….his job because he seems very happy.
A. would like
B. can like
C. will like
D. must like
17. “Must you come when your neighbour calls?” – “No, I…………………..
2


A. must not
B. mustn’t
C. don’t have to
D. must not come
18. You ……………… exercise regularly.
A. mustn’t
B. should
C. would
D. needn’t
19. Young people ______ obey their parents.
A. must

B. may
C. will
D. ought to
20. Laura, you and the kids just have dinner without waiting for me. I ______ work very hard today.
A. can
B. may
C. should
D. would
21. I ______ be delighted to show you round the factory.
A. ought to
B. would
C. might
D. can
22. Leave early so that you ______ miss the bus.
A. didn’t
B. won’t
C. shouldn’t
D. mustn’t
23. Jenny's engagement ring is enormous! It ______ have cost a fortune
A. must
B. might
C. will
D. should
24. You ______ to write them today.
A. should
B. must
C. had
D. ought
52. If you like, we ___ volleyball with the children while the men ___ up the barbecue.
A. could play - are setting

B. could have played - have set
C. will play - were setting
D. can play - had been setting
26. Unless he runs he______ catch the train.
A. will
B. mustn’t
C. wouldn’t
D. won’t
27. The lamp ___ be broken. Maybe the light bulb just burned out.
A. could not
B. might not
C. must not
D. cannot
28. Do you always have to say the first thing that pops into your head. ___ you think once in a while
before you speak?
A. Can not
B. Don't
C. Can't
D. Why
29. "______you hand me that pair of scissors, please?"
A. May
B. Will
C. Shall
D. Should
30. You ___ forget to pay the rent tomorrow. The landlord is very strict about paying on time.
A. couldn't
B. don't have to
C. mustn't
D. needn’t
31. John still hasn't come out. He ______ everything for the trip now.

A. must have been preparing
C. must be preparing
B. will be preparing
D. will have prepared
32. Ted's flight from Amsterdam took more than 11 hours. He ___ be exhausted after such a long
flight.
A. can
B. must
C. had better
D. has
33. You ___ take along some cash. The restaurant may not accept credit cards.
A. had better
B. has to
C. can
D. dare
34. The machine ___ on by flipping this switch.
A. could be turning
B. can be turned
C. may turn
D. need turning
35. To remain on the safe side, we should not take things for granted and should be able to cope with
all kinds of contingency; in Salts, for instance, the villagers ___ for accommodating all the visitors.
A. may have been unprepared
B. need not to be prepared
C. must not be prepared
D. may be unprepared
3


36. Kate: ___ hold your breath for more than a minute? - Jack: No, I can't.

A. Might you
B. Are you able to
C. Can you
D. Will you
37. You ___ be rich to be a success. Some of the most successful people I know haven't got a penny
to their name.
A. can't
B. shouldn't
C. don't have to
D. mustn’t
38. The company had sent the advertisement to the newspaper when they realised they’d mistyped
the salary they were offering for the position. Luckily, they ___ the newspaper to correct their
mistake before they printed it.
A. could have asked
B. must have asked
C. were able to ask
D. might have asked
39. Susan ___ hear the speaker because the crowd was cheering so loudly.
A. couldn't
B. might not
C. can't
D. doesn’t
40. I've redone this math problem at least twenty times, but my answer is wrong according to the
answer key. The answer in the book ___be wrong!
A. should
B. have to
C. must
D. could
41. You ___ worry so much. It doesn't do you any good. Either you get the job, or you don't. If you
don't, just apply for another one. Eventually, you will find work.

A. can't
B. don't have to
C. shouldn't
D. may not
42.___we move into the living room? It's more comfortable in there and there's a beautiful view of
the lake.
A. Will
B. Must
C. Shall
D. Dare
43. If I had gone white water rafting with my friends, I ___ down the Colorado River right now.
A. would be floating
B. would have floated
C. would float
D. would have been floated
44. At first, my boss didn't want to hire Sam. But, because I had previously worked with Sam, I told
my boss that he ___ take another look at his resume and reconsider him for the position.
A. has to
B. must
C. ought to
D. will
VII. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each
of the following questions.
1. I will leave the party early because I must studying for my exam.
A
B
C
D
2. I stayed up late last night because I mustn't go to school on Sunday.
A

B
C
D
3. We ought to not play football as it's raining outside.
A
B
C
D
4. You mustn't to drive a car if you don't have a driving licence.
A
B
C
D
5. If you want some useful advice, you have better talk to your parents about your problem.
A
B
C
D
6. I had stay at home 3 days due to snowing heavily.
A B
C
D
7. Because of his poverty, he has to struggling to make ends meet.
A
B
C
D
4



8. According to the rules of this game, you had better not drop the ball.
A
B
C
D
9. If you want to get a higher mark in the next test, you have better put more effort into vocabulary.
A
B
C
D
10. We shouldn't make an appointment with this doctor. You can see him whenever you want.
A
B
C
D
11. Look at the sky, it is going to rain. Thus, you must bring along a raincoat.
A
B
C
D
12. I ought to go home now because I don't want to walk in the dark.
A
B
C
D
13. As our teacher said yesterday, we ought to not worry about the mid-term test. Take it easy.
A
B
C
D

14. This competition is optional, so we not have to take part in it.
A
B C
D
15. Despite having a little chance to win, you should give up your dream of becoming a star.
A
B
C
D
16. The professor told me that we should give this assignment in by Thursday at the latest.
A
B
C
D
17. What you should do now is to make slides for the presentation tomorrow as we have a little time
left.
A
B
C
D
18. You have to apply for this position as soon as possible since it has only three vacancies.
A
B
C
D
19. Ms. Anna will give a fascinating lecture at 8 a.m., so you should be here at 7.45 to check in.
A
B
C
D

20. My advice is you have to consider carefully before making the final decision.
A
B
C
D

5


KEY
MODAL VERBS: MUST, CAN, SHOULD, OUGHT TO
I. Complete the sentences using the given words.
mustn't/don't have to/should/ought
1.You … don't have to …………………………..type your essay but if you want, you can do it.
2. I ……… mustn't …………………….. go home too late. My parents are very strict.
3. She is an expert adviser; thus, I think you ………… ought ………to ask her for some advice.
4. You ……… should …………………….. ask your teacher if you don't understand the lesson.
II. Complete the sentences using the given words.
shouldn't/have to/ought not/must
1. I…… have to ………………finish homework before coming to class. My teacher is rather strict.
2.We ……… must…………………….show respect to our parents.
3. I think you …… shouldn't ……………….stay up late because it is not good for your health.
4. If you want to help your friend, you …… ought not …………………to do her homework.
Instead, you should show her how to do it by herself.
III. Choose the best answer.
1. It's cold. You should/shouldn't turn on the fan.
2.You ought not to/ought to do homework before you go out with your friends.
3.You should/shouldn't eat plenty of fruit or vegetables every day in order to keep healthy.
4.You must/mustn't eat in the class.
5.You ought to/ought not to drink a lot of water every day.

6. I must/have to submit my homework before 12 o'clock because the deadline is 12 o'clock.
7. I must/have to stay at home to take care of my children.
8. My friend says: "You don't have to/mustn't drink champagne. You can have a coke or fruit juice
instead.
9.You don't have to/mustn't drink if you're going to drive afterwards.
10.You don't have to/mustn't pick up Tom at the airport because Judy will pick him up.
IV. Fill in the gaps with "must" and "have to". Use the negative form if necessary.
1. Tomorrow is Mai's birthday. I ______ must _____ buy a present for her.
2. We might ______ have to _____ leave earlier than we expected.
3. If you feel better, you ______ don't have to _______ take medicine any more.
4. I ______ have to _____ leave home at 6:00 because I have an appointment at 7:00.
5. You _____ must not_____ eat a lot before doing the exercise. If you do, you might get into some
trouble with your stomach.
6. We couldn't find a better present so we _____had to______ choose this one.
7. If you are a member of the club, you ______do not have to___ pay to use these facilities because
they are included in the membership fee.
8. I had the flu, so I _____had to______ stay in the bed for two days.
9. If you are under 18 years old, you _____mustn’t _____ ride a motorbike.
10. All students _____have to_____ wear uniforms on Mondays.
6


V. Match the advice with the suitable situation 1.
1. I don't feel well.  c
a.You ought to pick them up immediately.
b.You ought to review all lessons tonight.
2. All fruits on the tree are ripe.  a
c.You should go to a doctor.
3. I have a toothache.  d
d.You ought to go to the dentist.

4. I have a test tomorrow.  b
e.You should practice English every day.
5. I can't speak English well.  e
VI. Choose the best answer.
1. You ________ play loud music at night. The neighbors will call the police.
A. mustn’t
B. needn’t
C. might not
D. couldn’t
2. It’s late. I think we ………… better go.
A. had
B. have
C. should
D. would
3. Children ……………….. play on the grass.
A. needn’t
B. don’t have to
C. must
D. mustn’t
4. Don’t pretend you don’t know that you……. have a valid ticket on the bus.
A. have to
B. must
C. need
D. should
5. You .................take photographs here. It is a restricted area.
A. have to
B. mustn’t
C. don’t have to
D. shouldn’t
6. Everyone’s asleep. We …………………… make a noise

A. couldn’t
B. mustn’t
C. needn’t
D. wouldn’t
7. I’m quite happy to walk. You …………………. drive me home.
A. don’t
B. haven’t
C. mustn’t
D. needn’t
8. You _____ drink this. It is poison.
A. must
B. needn't
C. mustn't
D. shouldn't
9.You aren’t allowed to take photographs here.
A. You needn’t take photographs here.
B. You can’t take photographs here.
C. You don’t have to take photographs here.
D. You mustn’t take photographs here.
10. She felt ill and _____ leave early.
A. has to
B. must
C. had to
D. ought
11. 1. You ___________ use your mobile phone in the examination room.
A. oughtn’t to
B. mustn’t
C. don’t have to
D. shouldn’t
12. My grandparents live in the suburb, so whenever we visit them, we___________ a bus.

A. must take
B. should take
C. have to be taken
D. have to take
13. “Must I take my umbrella?” - “No, you ___. It’s not going to rain.”
A. mustn’t
B. have to
C. needn’t
D. don’t
14. The Prince’s aircraft had to undergo a security check and so we ___ to him for almost an hour.
Father was very impressed as normally he could have counted on nothing more than a handshake.
A. might talk
B. were able to talk
C. could have talked
D. may have talked
15. The book is optional. My professor said we could read it if we needed extra credit. But we ___
read it if we don't want to.
A. cannot
B. don't have to
C. must not
D. should not
16. He…………….his job because he seems very happy.
A. would like
B. can like
C. will like
D. must like
17. “Must you come when your neighbour calls?” – “No, I…………………..
7



A. must not
B. mustn’t
C. don’t have to
D. must not come
18. You ……………… exercise regularly.
A. mustn’t
B. should
C. would
D. needn’t
19. Young people ______ obey their parents.
A. must
B. may
C. will
D. ought to
20. Laura, you and the kids just have dinner without waiting for me. I ______ work very hard today.
A. can
B. may
C. should
D. would
21. I ______ be delighted to show you round the factory.
A. ought to
B. would
C. might
D. can
22. Leave early so that you ______ miss the bus.
A. didn’t
B. won’t
C. shouldn’t
D. mustn’t
23. Jenny's engagement ring is enormous! It ______ have cost a fortune

A. must
B. might
C. will
D. should
24. You ______ to write them today.
A. should
B. must
C. had
D. ought
52. If you like, we ___ volleyball with the children while the men ___ up the barbecue.
A. could play - are setting
B. could have played - have set
C. will play - were setting
D. can play - had been setting
26. Unless he runs he______ catch the train.
A. will
B. mustn’t
C. wouldn’t
D. won’t
27. The lamp ___ be broken. Maybe the light bulb just burned out.
A. could not
B. might not
C. must not
D. cannot
28. Do you always have to say the first thing that pops into your head. ___ you think once in a while
before you speak?
A. Can not
B. Don't
C. Can't
D. Why

29. "______you hand me that pair of scissors, please?"
A. May
B. Will
C. Shall
D. Should
30. You ___ forget to pay the rent tomorrow. The landlord is very strict about paying on time.
A. couldn't
B. don't have to
C. mustn't
D. needn’t
31. John still hasn't come out. He ______ everything for the trip now.
A. must have been preparing
C. must be preparing
B. will be preparing
D. will have prepared
32. Ted's flight from Amsterdam took more than 11 hours. He ___ be exhausted after such a long
flight.
A. can
B. must
C. had better
D. has
33. You ___ take along some cash. The restaurant may not accept credit cards.
A. had better
B. has to
C. can
D. dare
34. The machine ___ on by flipping this switch.
A. could be turning
B. can be turned
C. may turn

D. need turning
35. To remain on the safe side, we should not take things for granted and should be able to cope with
all kinds of contingency; in Salts, for instance, the villagers ___ for accommodating all the visitors.
A. may have been unprepared
B. need not to be prepared
C. must not be prepared
D. may be unprepared
8


36. Kate: ___ hold your breath for more than a minute? - Jack: No, I can't.
A. Might you
B. Are you able to
C. Can you
D. Will you
37. You ___ be rich to be a success. Some of the most successful people I know haven't got a penny
to their name.
A. can't
B. shouldn't
C. don't have to
D. mustn’t
38. The company had sent the advertisement to the newspaper when they realised they’d mistyped
the salary they were offering for the position. Luckily, they ___ the newspaper to correct their
mistake before they printed it.
A. could have asked
B. must have asked
C. were able to ask
D. might have asked
39. Susan ___ hear the speaker because the crowd was cheering so loudly.
A. couldn't

B. might not
C. can't
D. doesn’t
40. I've redone this math problem at least twenty times, but my answer is wrong according to the
answer key. The answer in the book ___be wrong!
A. should
B. have to
C. must
D. could
41. You ___ worry so much. It doesn't do you any good. Either you get the job, or you don't. If you
don't, just apply for another one. Eventually, you will find work.
A. can't
B. don't have to
C. shouldn't
D. may not
42.___we move into the living room? It's more comfortable in there and there's a beautiful view of
the lake.
A. Will
B. Must
C. Shall
D. Dare
43. If I had gone white water rafting with my friends, I ___ down the Colorado River right now.
A. would be floating
B. would have floated
C. would float
D. would have been floated
44. At first, my boss didn't want to hire Sam. But, because I had previously worked with Sam, I told
my boss that he ___ take another look at his resume and reconsider him for the position.
A. has to
B. must

C. ought to
D. will
VII. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each
of the following questions.
1. I will leave the party early because I must studying for my exam.
A
B
C
D
2. I stayed up late last night because I mustn't go to school on Sunday.
A
B
C
D
3. We ought to not play football as it's raining outside.
A
B
C
D
4. You mustn't to drive a car if you don't have a driving licence.
A
B
C
D
5. If you want some useful advice, you have better talk to your parents about your problem.
A
B
C
D
6. I had stay at home 3 days due to snowing heavily.

A B
C
D
7. Because of his poverty, he has to struggling to make ends meet.
A
B
C
D
9


8. According to the rules of this game, you had better not drop the ball.
A
B
C
D
9. If you want to get a higher mark in the next test, you have better put more effort into vocabulary.
A
B
C
D
10. We shouldn't make an appointment with this doctor. You can see him whenever you want.
A
B
C
D
11. Look at the sky, it is going to rain. Thus, you must bring along a raincoat.
A
B
C

D
12. I ought to go home now because I don't want to walk in the dark.
A
B
C
D
13. As our teacher said yesterday, we ought to not worry about the mid-term test. Take it easy.
A
B
C
D
14. This competition is optional, so we not have to take part in it.
A
B C
D
15. Despite having a little chance to win, you should give up your dream of becoming a star.
A
B
C
D
16. The professor told me that we should give this assignment in by Thursday at the latest.
A
B
C
D
17. What you should do now is to make slides for the presentation tomorrow as we have a little time
left.
A
B
C

D
18. You have to apply for this position as soon as possible since it has only three vacancies.
A
B
C
D
19. Ms. Anna will give a fascinating lecture at 8 a.m., so you should be here at 7.45 to check in.
A
B
C
D
20. My advice is you have to consider carefully before making the final decision.
A
B
C
D

10