The map illustrates some changes to the central area of a town since 1700.
It is clear that the area has undergone various developments, especially those related to housing.
Furthermore, the principal/most CONSPICUOUS change to the town has been the construction of
this road.
Looking at the map of town centre as it is now, Market street in the eastern area runs through from
north to south. Currently there is a row of residential houses which has been erected along both
sides of this road while the stables nearby were demolished to make way for a block of flats. There
is a construction of a roundabout at the junction of Market street and High street, near which the
supermarket experienced an introduction.
, next to which
, to the north of which
, adjacent to which
It can be seen from the western of the area that Streggle road was widened with the erection of 2
traffic lights. The fields was removed for new houses and the building of shops. The hotel next to
Market Square was redeveloped with a new block being opened up.


Given is the line graph comparing five different areas in terms of the number of foreign tourists
from 1990 to 2005.
The data clearly communicates that there was an ascending (>figures for international tourists of all regions. Particularly, the most significant growth belongs to
Central and Eastern Europe.
As can be seen from the graph, North America took the lead throughout the period, commencing
from around 70 million foreigners in 1990. After experiencing a surge, from 2000 onwards, it
slightly decreased to around 90 million at the end of the period. Roughly doubled by North
America’s in 1990, Central and Eastern Europe’s figure showed an exponential climb to nearly 90
million in 2005. Following was South-East Asia, whose figure for travellers from abroad rose
moderately from about 20 million in 1990 to over 50 million in 2005.
The graph also witnessed a slight increase in the figures of Sub-Saharan Africa and South
America, both of which started at comparable numbers (about 7 million) in 1990 and peaked at
approximately 21 million and 18 million respectively

Given is the table comparing two primary schools in terms of different issues confronted by their
students in 2005 and 2015.
The data sources clearly communicate that while the number of children presented with problems
from school A showed a downward trend, school B’s experienced a slight increase over time.
There was also a pronounced = appreciable (=significant) gap between the figures of two
schools in 2005.
Regarding school A, while problems with following instructions took the lead in 2005 with 42% of
children, it decreased to only 18%, being the least common in 2015. A similar (>< reverse) pattern
was evident in the figures for concentration in lessons, particularly from 40% in 2005 to 18% in
2015.Doubled by following instructions’ figure in 2005, reading ability’s slightly increased to
23%, only 5% lower than that of the top position handwriting at the end of the period.
In terms of school B, the figures for students struggling with concentrations in lessons took the
lead with 15%, tripling/trebling that of spelling in 2005. Meanwhile, reading ability, handwriting
and following instructions shared comparable figures of around 6% to 8%. Over the period,
while concentrations’ figures levelled off, the others experienced an increase.
Outstandingly/Notably/Noticeably, a twofold rise can be seen in spelling and following
instructions’ figures, from 5% to 10% and 6% to 12% respectively.
halve (v) giảm 1 nửa quadruple (v) tăng gấp 4 (A FOURFOLD INCREASE/INCREASE
FOURFOLD)



The two bar charts respectively illustrate the rise in cost of different food products in a
seven-year period from 2007 and alterations in the acquisition of these commodities among
low-income households from 2007-2012 in Britain.
Overall, the highest rate of uplift was seen in fish’s price. Additionally, with the
exception of/BELONGING TO flour, other products experienced a decline in purchases made by
low-income families.

As can be seen from the first chart, fish registered a 37-percent increase, overtaking

fruit and flower by a narrow/wide margin. Meanwhile, the cost growth of
vegetables, soft drinks and cheese shared comparable figures, reaching approximately 25%, 28%
and 30% respectively. A similarity in statistics was also recorded in fruit and flower with nearly
35% each.
far exceed
much surpass
With respect to the second chart, vegetables, soft drinks, cheese, fruit and fish all saw a
decline in sales due to the price increase. Among these, vegetables, soft drinks and cheese
witnessed a negligible (minimal/marginal/fractional) decrease of roughly 5% while that of fruit
and fish were nearly quadruple. However, the reverse is true for flour with an escalation to over
80%. → ESCALATE
>< acceleration/accelerate the rate/pace of uplift accelerated by/to 40%.
Ver 2:


Social media is becoming increasingly popular among people in this day and age. However, this
trend is accompanied by sensationalism, which can render news deceptive or negative. While
some cite accessibility and appeal as merits of this phenomenon, others opine that it can induce
misunderstanding and inaccuracy. From my perspective, the latter view is agreeable for the
following reasons.
some people cite A and B as merits/ DEMERIT/REASONS/ROOTS of:
→ A and B can be cited as merits/ DEMERITS of:
On the one hand, news exaggeration is not entirely detrimental. Firstly, it contributes to the fight
against ignorance. Specifically, many people nowadays are unaware of their surroundings.
Therefore, the sensational headlines and contents can facilitate capturing people’s attention and
interest. As a result, news may gain importance in their life as people start to care more about
current events and burning/grinding issues all over the world.
On the other hand, the adverse/detrimental impacts caused by this tendency outweigh its merits.

To begin with, readers may assume magnified information as the truth. Consequently, reading
sensationalised news can lead to false impressions, hence the distortion of people’s view. For
example, while plane crashes always make the news headlines, yet car and motorbike accidents,
which kill far more people, receive less publication. Unsurprisingly, a considerable number of
people have a fear of flying, whilst almost no one dreads driving.
In conclusion, it is true that news sensationalism can attract people’s attention to global current
events. However, I am firmly convinced of its negative effects due to readers’ distorted view as
well as other (UN)FEASIBLE/VIABLE/ applicable methods.



Ver 1:
Given are the bar charts comparing six types of food in terms of price and consumption in Britain
in a four-year period starting from 2007.
The data sources clearly communicate that fish registered the most significant growth in price. It is
also noticeable that with the exception of flour, the remaining categories all witnessed decline in
purchases throughout the given period.
Topping the chart with a rise of roughly 37% in price, the figure for fish price was 3% higher than
that of its fruit and flour counterparts. In contrast, the price of vegetables climbed by 25%, only
two-thirds the data/price rise of fish. Meanwhile, soft drinks and cheese categories shared
comparable figures of around 30%.
A increased = A was found/recorded/reported to increase
Regarding purchases in low-income families, flour was recorded/REPORTED/FOUND to
experience a surge of approximately 90%. Contrariwise, the purchase of fish dipped by
nearly 20%, followed by fruit with 18%. In the meantime, similar patterns can be seen in
vegetables, soft drinks and cheese with an average fall of 5%.

Ver 2:
In this day and age, it is irrefutable/without doubt that/IT GOES without saying/needless to
say the media plays a pivotal/integral/indispensable role in our daily life. Despite its merits

especially in information dissemination, some people claim that the practice of exaggerating news
has distorted the public’s perception of certain events. From my personal perspective, I am in
support of this point of view.
To begin with, reading the news that is not entirely true to the actual events can give the public a
false impression. In numerous today’s newspapers, particularly online ones, the editors tend to
report stories in an overly dramatic manner in order to provoke interest and excitement. However,
those added details sometimes can be ambiguous which consequently mislead people into
misperceptions. For instance, in the context of the current outbreak of coronavirus, some people
reported several unreal infected cases which thus confused and generated worries among the
population.
To conclude, the media should not just amplify the stories at the expense of accuracy to raise
readership and ratings as this will lead to grave ramifications/repercussions (=serious
consequences) including the diversion of the people’s beliefs as well as the evasion of trust of the
public in journalism.

Ver 3:


Given are two bar charts comparing six different kinds of food products in terms of their retail
price rise from 2007 to 2014 and their purchases changes among low-income families from 2007
to 2012.
The data clearly communicates that there was an ascending trend in the retail price of all food
groups. On the other hand, with the exception of flour, the other five experienced a decrease in
food purchases.
As can be clearly seen from the first bar chart, fish took the lead with over 35% of price rise.
Following were fruit and flour, both of which shared comparable figures of around 34%. Dwarfed
by fruit’s figure, cheese’s occupied 30% of price rise, nearly 2% and 5% greater than that of soft
drinks and vegetables respectively.
In terms of the second bar chart, flour accounted for the most significant proportion, whose figure
for food purchases increased up to 80% over the period. In contrast, there was a roughly

20-percent decrease in food purchases of fish, followed by fruit (around 18%). The chart also
witnessed a similarity in the figures for the other three namely vegetables, soft drinks and cheese,
particularly around 7%.
A was dwarfed by B
Ver 2:
Media sensationalism in news coverage is becoming an increasingly common sight in this day and
age. Some people opine that it is a way of appealing the public to news reports, while others
counter that this trend may pose a threat/hazard/menace to the accuracy of such news. I find myself
in firm agreement with/support of the second idea.
First of all, reports including misleading words can lead to misconception in readers. A
number of people have the tendency of looking through the news outline or catching the news
outline only. Therefore, some may end up assuming the truth based on some “clickbait” headlines
or confusing descriptions. This can result in a false comprehension of the matters among the
public.
Secondly, there are other ways of drawing the public attention without falsely making news
reports. Inevitably, the audience may get bored with the plainly reported news coverage. In such a
case, it is reasonable if reporters utilize those exaggerated languages to make news coverages more
tempting as long as they are backed up with facts. In this way, news reports can be more appealing
and still offering the truths to the public.
In conclusion, I am of the strong belief that making use of distorted words in news reports to
interest readers can have adverse influence in the public’s perception of the issues. Instead,


reportes should resort to other ways of attracting the audience without ignoring the matter of truth
in these news coverages.
VER 4:
The first given bar chart provides data regarding the price increase on six different products from
2007 to 2014 in the UK while the second one compares the changes in terms of purchases of the
same products among the low-income families from 2007 to 2012.
Overall, the chart witnessed a major increase in the retail price of all products with the highest

figure belonging to the category of Fish. Meanwhile, from 2007 to 2012, flour purchases were
growing in popularity among the low-income, as opposed to other goods.
As can be clearly observed from the first chart, fish price saw the highest rate of uplift with almost
36%, followed by that of fruit and flour, which shared a similar pattern of 34%. The figure of soft
drinks and cheese, on the other hand, grew by 28% and 30% respectively while vegetable’s price
saw the least increase of 25%
Concerning the second chart, it is noticeable that with the exception of flour purchases, whose
figure increased dramatically by almost 90%, other types of products were less popular among the
poorer families. In 2012, the purchase of fruit and fish decreased by 18% and 19% respectively, far
exceeding that of soft drinks, vegetables and cheese, which remained under 5%.

VER 2: (6.5+)
The media is responsible for most of the news people read these days. However, it is condemned
for providing a large proportion of distorted and misleading pieces of stories. While some people
opine that this is for the sake of readers, I believe that this practice is totally

(un)justified/(un)justifiable.
I believe that A is justifiable/justified (dong y voi A)
>< I believe that A is unjustifiable/unjustified (khong dong y voi A)
I find this claim justifiable to a certain extent = i partly agree with this claim
On the one hand, news should never be distorted in the first place. As a matter of fact, the media
always plays a critical role in providing people with access to information, whose underlying


purpose is to keep citizens well-informed of what is happening in order to be proactive (take the
initiative to V)
take precautions = take precautionary measures
in case of emergency. However, the fact that the media sensationalises the news just to attract
more readership is totally insensible. Far from being aware of the happenings, many people are
kept overly anxious and disturbed, thus incite irrational thoughts and beliefs, which eventually lead

to inappropriate actions.
On the other hand, since news coverage alone can be dull and boring, sensationalising the news to
attract readership should only be reasonable as long as the news is not to mislead people. In other
words, slightly exaggerating the content through the choice of language without including
erroneous information can help draw people’s attention to read the news that otherwise would not
be read if plainly reported.
In conclusion, I firmly believe that under no circumstances should the news be distorted for greater
readership and higher ratings yet causing widespread anxiety among people. In fact, slightly
exaggerating a story to draw the public’s attention while conveying the right messages can be
encouraged.
Ver 2: (
Fake news has been prevalent recently due to the increasing dominance of the Internet and the
spreading popularity of social media. Some people believe sensationalizing the news with dramatic
language makes it more appealing to the public. I disagree with this view because it can lead to
misunderstanding among people.
Firstly, people easily fall into the trap of untrustworthy information. A great proportion of
misinformation nowadays is shared through Facebook's network, reaching a lot of people and it is
very hard to identify it. People often share sensational headlines with exaggerated content without
checking carefully. This leads to fake information being repeated, which makes people believe it
even more. For example, fake new stories like “Hillary sold passport printing machines to ISIS” or
“Pope Francis endorses Donald Trump for Presidents” were shared million of times on social
media during the 2016 US election, which created confusion and affected the election.
Secondly, it is irrefutable that false information can directly exert a negative impact on readers. If
people are overwhelmed with all misleading stories, they may form the wrong opinion about
people and any situation, leading to other adverse consequences such as online bullying, racism or
violence. To illustrate this, recently coronavirus fears fuelled racism and hostility towards Chinese
people and this was even more serious when a post of Chinese dish bat soup became viral online.
Since then, it is falsely claimed that Chinese culture is to blame for coronavirus.



In conclusion, I believe that sensational headlines and fabricated news/fabrications are often
appealing to readers. However, such information should be detected so that there will not be any
problems related to the misunderstanding and confusion among people.
Ver 1: (7.0)
The two given bar charts illustrate the proportion of price increase from 2007 to 2014 and changes
in purchase from 2007 to 2012 of a variety of products in the UK.
Overall, the price of fish saw the highest rate of increase over the period shown. While flour
showed a steady increase in its purchase figures, other products followed the opposite trend.
In terms of price increase, fish took the lead with more than 35% increase, followed by fruit and
flour with nearly 35% each. Soft drinks and cheese shared comparable figures, at 28% and 30%
respectively. The price of vegetables accounted for only 25%, showing the least growth rate of all.
Concerning the other chart, flour was the only product experiencing an enormous growth in
customer purchase with over 80%. By contrast, the food purchase of fish and fruit witnessed a
sharp decrease (nearly 20%) while other products dropped slightly about 5%.


Ver 1:
The given line graph compares the standard price distribution of cereals by type in England
xand Wales while the table illustrates the cereals sales over a period of eight months in 2014.
Overall, all three cereals types were in decline with the domination of wheat. Additionally,
as opposed to oats, wheat sales saw the highest rate of uplift, overtaking other cereals by a wide
margin.


As can be seen from the first chart, wheat had the highest starting point of 160 pounds in
January, followed by a rise to the peak point at around 170 pounds after three months. Despite a
drop by 50 pounds in August, this figure took the lead/ topped the chart. In a comparable pattern,
barley experienced a growth to 140 pounds in April before falling consistently to below 120
pounds. A similar trend was seen in oats during the first six months. However, there was a
pronounced soar to the first place at 140 pounds in July, preceding = followed by a considerable

decrease of nearly 40 pounds two months later.
With respect to the table, wheat took the lead with a roughly twofold increase to 163,500
tons in March, followed by a period of volatility. The amount then reached a high of 131,700 tons
in August, exceeding barley by approximately 86,000 tons. Barley and oats, on the other hand,

were subject to overall fluctuation/volatility

during the period with
figures varying/ranging from 11, 300 tons to 45,100 tons and 600 tons to 2350 tons respectively.
fall from a high of
vary/range from … to …
approximately = roughly = nearly = over = in the vicinity of
lead a fluctuating yet downward trend
Ver 2:
The line graph and the table compare three types of cereals in England and Wales in terms of price
and quantities sold over a period of 8 months starting from January 2014.
The data sources clearly communicate that throughout the given period, wheat was the most
popular cereal among English and Welsh customers as opposed to oats. It is also noticeable that
with the exception of oats, the remaining categories registered a downward trend in price over the
same period.
As recorded in January 2014, wheat topped the chart with the price of 160 pounds per tonne,
compared to roughly 140 pounds and 120 pounds of the middle of the period, all categories
shared a similar ten-pound increase. However, unlike its wheat and barley counterparts whose
figures then witnessed

a marked drop

to around 140 pounds each in

August, that of oats climbed exponentially to nearly 150 pounds in July before plunging to only

100 pounds the next month.
Wheat was reported to be the most popular cereal with 76,800 tonnes sold in January, followed by
a jump to 163,500 tonnes in March. In the meantime, commencing at 21,500 tonnes and 2350
tonnes respectively, barley and oats followed some fluctuating patterns in the following months.
Likewise, the quantity of wheat sold experienced a threefold fall in April before gaining a


recovery to 131,700 tonnes after 4 months, tripling that of barley and far exceeding oats with 2310
tonnes.
Ver 3:
The given line graph compares the average price of three kinds of cereals in England and Wales,
whereas the table illustrates the amount of cereals sold over a period of eight months in 2014.
The data clearly communicates that the sales of cereals showed a downward trend. Moreover, there
was a consistency in the ranks of monthly quantities of cereals sold throughout the period.
As can be clearly observed from the line chart, in January, wheat’s price registered around 160
pounds, peaking at over 170 pounds in April. A steady decrease to around 120 pounds is then
witnessed at the end of the survey. In the similar pattern, barley cost around 140 pounds in January
and declined to below 120 pounds in August after a slight rise around March and April.
Meanwhile, some fluctuations can be seen in the figure of oats, which commenced from 120
pounds in January and soon overtook those of barley and wheat in June and July respectively. At
the end of the given period the figure hit its trough about 100 pounds.
Regarding the table, the monthly amount of wheat sold far exceeded the other two’s. Particularly,
in March, wheat’s figure was reported to stand at 163,500 tonnes, roughly quadrupling that of
barley and more than 50 times greater than that of oats. Meanwhile, barley was mostly bought in
August with the amount of 45,100 tonnes, nearly five times higher than its figure in July. As for
oats, March witnessed its greatest quantities sold of 3580 tonnes, whose figure then dropped to
only 600 tonnes in June.
Ver 4:
The charts compare the average price of three kinds of cereals, namely wheat, barley and oats and
the quantities of cereal sold per month from January to August in 2014 in England and Wales.

It is clear that the average cost of three kinds of cereal was subject to a mild drop between January
and August of 2014, and wheat accounted for the largest proportion of the average price.
Moreover, the amount of wheat sold was considerably higher compared to other kinds of cereals.
In January, the average price per ton of wheat was approximately 160 pounds. The figures for
barleys and oats stood at around 140 pounds and 120 pounds respectively. During the period
surveyed, the average price for cereals and barleys followed a volatile pattern and underwent a
sharp drop to 120 pounds in August. Meanwhile, the average cost of oats fell from a high of 150
pounds in July and reached 100 pounds in August.
Between January and August, the average quantity of wheat peaked at the amount of 163,500 tons
in March while the figure in May accounted for one fifth of that, only 30,800 tons. The quantity of


wheat sold in August, at 131,700 tons was much higher than that of barley, at only 45,100 tons and
oats, at 2310 tons.
Ver 5:
The given graph and table respectively compare the average price and the quantity sold of the
three types of cereal namely wheat, barley and oats in England and Wales during an eight-month
period starting from January in 2014.
Overall, the average cost of the three types of cereal all registered a downward trend over the
period. Meantime, the quantities of wheat and barley sold increased exponentially as opposed to
that of oats.
As can be clearly observed from the graph, the price for wheat commenced at a high of 160
pounds in January, followed by a climb to roughly 170p. Nevertheless, it then climbed to roughly
170 pounds, preceding an increase to almost 120 pounds at the end of the surveyed period. Similar
patterns can be found in the category of barley, whose figure experienced a 20-pound decrease to
120 pounds in August, 2014. Oats, on the other hand, underwent certain fluctuations. In January,
the average cost of oats fell from a high of 150 pounds in July and reached 100 pounds in August.
Concerning the table, though the amount of wheat sold almost tripled that of barley, they both
share a twofold increase with the former from 76,800 tons to 131,700 tons and the latter from
21,500 to 45,100 during the given months. Oats also ranked lowest in terms of quantity, whose

figure hovered around 2300 at both the beginning and the end of the period.
it consistently ranked first/second


Ver 1:
The given table illustrates the amount of iron produced in Australia in a period of
35 years from 1975.
Overall, all categories experienced an increase in manufacture. Additionally, Qld
and NSW occupied the highest position.
As can be seen from the table, Vic production leveled off at 2.4 million tons in the
first 10 years, followed by a period of volatility until 2005. In 2010, the figure reached its high of
2.6 million tons. Likewise/in the same manner/in the same pattern/fashion, the figures for SA
rose by nearly 1.5 million tons in 1990 before a fifteen-year period of fluctuation and peaked at 4.1
million tons. On the other hand, there was a consistent growth in WA production from 2.8 in 1975
million tons to 5.7 million tons 35 years later, ranking third among other categories.
With respect to = regarding = in terms of = as for = as regards = concerning = with
reference to NSW, a steady rise was recorded from 11.3 million tons in 1975 to 77 million tons in
2010, which was nearly 15 times higher than that of WA. A similar pattern was seen in Qld with a
considerable rise by roughly 80 million tons to the top of the chart despite the low starting point of
2.6 million tons.
Ver 2
Given is a table comparing five Australian areas in terms of iron production in 35 years from 1975
to 2010.


The data sources clearly communicate that the smallest figures went to Vic as opposed to that of
NSW. It is also noticeable that Qld saw the most significant rise in the production of iron in the
given period.
As recorded in 1975, NSW took the lead in producing iron with 11.3 million tons, far exceeding
that of all of its counterparts with just under 3 million tons. Its figure then climbed markedly over

the next years and stopped at 77 million tons of iron in 2010. In stark contrast, SA and WA regions
were found to register an insubstantial/insignificant growth to only 4.1 and 5.7 million tons
respectively. Though commencing with a modest amount of iron produced in 1975, Qld witnessed
a sixfold rise to 12.8 million tons in 1995 and surpassed NSW with 83 million tons at the end of
the surveyed period. Meanwhile, Vic, whose figures experienced a period of stability, stood at an
average of around 2.4 million tons throughout the whole period.
Ver 3:
Given is a table comparing five different Australian states in terms of iron production every five
years from 1975 to 2010.
The data clearly communicates that all five areas showed an upward trend in the figures for iron
production. Moreover, there was a pronounced gap between the figures of NSW, Qld and the rest
in the latter half of the period.
As can be clearly seen from the table, NSW accounted for the greatest proportion while the other
four shared comparatively modest figures in the first 20 years. Particularly, in 1985, NSW’s figure
was recorded at 24.4 million of tons whereas the rest stood at around 2.4-3.4 each. Qld’s figures
then showed a significant increase, commencing from 12.8 million of ton in 1995 to 83.0 million
of tons at the end of the period, roughly doubling that of its five years ago.
Meanwhile, Vic was subject to slight volatility, reaching its highest point at 2.6 million of tons in
2010. A similar ascending trend can be seen in both SA and WA, whose figures constituted 4.1
million and 5.7 million respectively at the end of the surveyed period.
Ver 4:
The table illustrates the estimated amount of iron produced in different regions of Australia
between 1975 and 2010, measured in million of tons.
Overall, Qld‘ s iron production peaked in 2010. NSW was the leading iron generating producer
during the period surveyed while the production was significantly lower in Vic and its production
was slower than the remaining four cities.
From 1975 to 2010, there was a dramatic increase in oil production in NSW and Qld. In 1975,
approximately 2.6 million tons were produced in Qld and this rose steadily, reaching a peak of 83
million tons in 2010. NSW’s iron production level was the highest with the production of over 11



million tons in 1975, which was approximately five times higher than that of other countries. In
2010, this figure soared to 77 million tons, ranking at the second place. In contrast, the smallest
producer in Australia was Vic and despite a slight increase in 2010, production in Vic remained
relatively stable at less than 3 million tons.
The other countries saw a slight rise in oil production over the period. The patterns of SA and WA
are quite similar with well over 2 million tons in 1975, reaching at 4.1 and 5.7 million tons in 2010
respectively.

Some people believe that air travel should be restricted because it causes serious
pollution and uses up the world's fuel resources.

Ver 1:
Air transportation is becoming increasingly popular in this day and age. However, it is
simultaneously associated with grave/grinding environmental problems, especially pollution and
worldwide fuel depletion and is therefore suggested to be limited. From my perspective, I
disapprove of this notion for the following reasons.
On the one hand, it is true that air planes can afflict the environment. Specifically, while
natural resources are being depleted gradually, the oil consumption is on the increase/rise >< in
decline, to both of which aircrafts are contributing greatly. According to Boeing's Web site, a plane
like a Boeing 747 uses approximately 1 gallon of fuel (about 4 liters) every second. Over the
course of a 10-hour flight, it might burn 36,000 gallons (150,000 liters). Furthermore, the toxic
fumes along with the loud noises emitted by air crafts can also beset the atmosphere.
the environment is gravely afflicted/the gravely afflicted environment.
On the other hand, there are certain demerits with respect to the restriction of air travel.
One of the notions supporting this idea underlies its inconvenience. Particularly, air travel provides
the shortest route to destinations, especially international ones. For example, while travelling by
train from Ha Noi to Da Lat can take up to 29 hours, traveling by plane only requires nearly 2
hours. Therefore, the limitation of airborne transportation can induce inconvenience to travelers
worldwide. Additionally, air transport facilitates the integration into the global economy and

provides
vital
connectivity
international
scale.
Hence,
its
restriction
can
hamper/hinder/stunt/retard the economic growth and development of numerous nations.
stunted development
In conclusion, the emission of harmful gas and noises as well as the enormous fuel
consumption by aviation are attributable to environmental issues. However, I am firmly
convinced that the limitation of air travel can do more harm than good.
is caused by = this proposition can be attributed/ascribed to = is attributable to


the lack of interpersonal skills can be attributed to shyness or no opportunities to
interact.

Ver 2:
In present days, aviation industry is held responsible/accountable for a large proportion of
pollution as well as exhaustion of natural resources. Regarding this issue, some people suggest the
restriction of this means of transportation. I, however, believe that this solution only does more
harm than good.
To begin with, though being one of the fastest-growing sources of carbon emissions, air travel
irrefutably benefits humans in multiple aspects of our life. From an economic standpoint, since the
advent

of


aviation,

international

tourism

has

been

backbone/lifeblood of many economies.

boosted

and

become

the

Millions of people have been

employed in related services including restaurants, hotels or travel agencies which in turn
improves their living standard of their lives as well as can be a great source of revenue for the local
economy. Air travel being curtailed, therefore, can pose a menace to (menacing) not only people
depending on tourism for a living but also national economy as a whole. Moreover, when it comes
to foreign travel and business trips, going by plane is more time-efficient due to higher speed. As a
result, it is the optimal/optimum choice to save time when travelling.


Furthermore, air travel is not the sole source of pollution. There are other means of transportation
such as private cars and buses which also emit a tremendous amount of fumes annually. Hence,
instead of simply banning aircrafts, more efforts should be emphasized on developing
climate-neutral = non-polluting = zero-emission air travel. For example, with our state-of-the-art
technology, it is possible to invent aircraft with fuel-efficient engine which will
mitigate/minimise/ameliorate/alleviate the airline's environmental impact.
To conclude, flight travel affords human numerous benefits regarding efficiency and revenue. I
thus believe that we should focus more on flying greener by applying airliner fuelled by renewable
power for instance.
, thus + V-ing = , therefore V-ing = , thereby + V-ing


it is possible to invent aircraft with fuel-efficient engine, thereby ameliorating the airline's
environmental impact.

Ver 3:
The past few years have witnessed the burgeoning growth (economy/demand/population) of air
travel in the world, followed by the heated debate about whether we should impose restrictions on
flights to protect the environment. However, I completely disagree that air travel should be
restricted.
mounting = spiralling (cost/demand/…)
vicious circle >< virtuous circle


Firstly, although restricting air travel may be advantageous for the environment, it would not be a
positive move for the global economy in the long run. International tourism has become the
backbone of many countries’ development. Many developing countries are dependent on it to
uplift their falling economies. The growth in the number of incoming foreign tourists leads to
innumerable prospects in terms of local entrepreneurship & employment generation. This is also
associated with international investments and infrastructure development. Therefore, if we

discourage international tourism by restricting air travel, it would cause even worse problems.
Many countries cannot benefit from its flourishing travel industry with the inevitability of
increasing unemployment rates.
Secondly, regarding the socio-cultural aspects, air flights facilitates intercultural exchange. The
lowered cost of air travel has attracted potential customers around the world to travel easily and
regularly. Thanks to air travel, people have more opportunities to gain a better understanding of
other countries. This will enhance higher levels of interaction as well as cultural communication.
Thus, restricting air travel would not be a judicious decision as differences in social background,
cultural values and religious belief might make the discrepancy of foreigners and local inhabitants
on some issues indelible.
In conclusion, even though the growth in air travel has certain involved negative impacts on the
environment, these do not outweigh the positive impacts it has on economic development and
mutual understanding between two countries. I believe that instead of restricting air travel, we
should encourage people to use public transportation and develop more environmentally-friendly
engines for airplanes.
Ver 4:
In recent days, there has been a controversy over whether air transport restriction should be
validated for the sake of the environment and the fuel resources’ preservation. I find myself in firm
disagreement with the idea.
First of all, air travel promotes tourism along with international exchange among countries. Due to
its advantages in speed and time efficiency, travelling to other distant places is becoming an
increasingly common sight. This service encourages people from all corners to visit other
countries.
At the same time, tourists can be given the opportunity to experience other cultures and broaden
their understanding. Therefore, it may be a productive way of promoting a country’s image as well
as consolidating/reinforce/cement/ the relationships between nations. In addition, as international
tourism is considered the backbone of a number of economies, promoting tourism means making a
contribution to the national economy’s growth.
Secondly, restriction on air travel may not produce expected results in solving environmental
issues. Undeniably, such a restriction can decrease the level of fossil fuels utilized by air transport.



However, it is not guaranteed that passengers would not turn to other alternatives such as cars or
trains. These means of transportation obviously cause an equivalent amount of pollutant emission
as well as depletion in natural resources. Therefore, reducing air flights demand may just end up
being futile.
In conclusion, I am of the strong belief that restriction on air travel should not be encouraged due
to the considerable benefits it offers a nation and the world as a whole. Instead, other more
practical solutions can be considered such as focusing on developing more friendly-environmental
means of transportation.
Ver 5:
The impact of air travel on our environment has always been a matter of great concern among
people. while some people believe that it has brought about huge benefits to our lives, others opine
that the government should apply certain restrictions given its adverse effects on the surroundings.
From my perspective, there are reasons to support both of these ideas.
On the one hand, there are valid arguments as to why the practice of air travel should be restricted.
In fact, as aircraft engines combust fuels, they emit huge amounts of carbon dioxide into the
atmosphere, which in turn, greatly contributes to global warming – a major focus for concern at the
moment. Furthermore, as it is released at high altitudes, the stratospheric ozone layer can be
destroyed at a faster pace and therefore having greater environmental impact per kilometer than
other forms of transport. Studies conducted recently also suggest that while other industries receive
significant improvements on emission levels, that of aviation industry stagnates.
On the other hand, the practice of air travel also has numerous merits that cannot be
depreciated/undermined. First of all, international tourism acts as the backbone of many economies
around the world. With more hotel services and jobs created thanks to it, restricting air travel
would leave a detrimental effect as a whole. Secondly, for decades, air flights have enabled cultural
exchanges between countries. Specifically, the availability of flights at economical expense have
given people the opportunities to learn other cultures and develop insights into countries they visit.
Last but not least, restricting on air travel does not seem to be an optimum choice since other
modes of transportation also use up resources and release chemicals that afflict the environment.

In conclusion, I firmly believe that instead of limiting the amount of air travel, the government
should allocate funds on research to develop more efficient engines with high energy output and
less pollutants.


Ver 1:
The given table compares preferred pastimes of people aged 30 to 50 in eight different countries.
Overall, the majority of people watch TV in their free time while sleeping is the least popular
activity. The proportion of people in Australia and the USA spending time on favorite pastime
activities is generally high compared to others.
As can be seen, Australia has the highest percentage of people who like watching TV, at 65%,
followed by the Canadians and the American, at 60% each. In contrast, this figure is considerably
lower for China where only 15% of people watch television. Out of the eight countries, the number
of Americans like music is noticeably higher at 23%, whereas in other countries, only 2 to 5% of
people listen to music. Similarly, the proportion of English people favouring sleeping coming first
with 20%, as opposed to only 2% of its Canadian and American counterparts. The Chinese like
doing their hobbies the most (at 50%), as opposed to only 20% in France. The highest percentage
of beach-lovers belongs to Australia and the USA (at 30%), while no one in Canada loves going to
the beach.
It can be seen that 62% of Japanese love reading as their pastimes is the only data recorded, which
takes the lead in all countries.
Ver 2:


Given is a table comparing eight countries, particularly the group of 30-50 years old in terms of
favorite pastimes.
The data clearly communicates that Japanese solely favour reading as a pastime. With the
exception of the USA, Australia and England, going to the beach, sleeping and listening to music
are the three least favoured activities among all.
As can be seen from the table, 30-50-year-old Japanese take up reading as their favorite pastime,

with 62% of people. Possessing comparable figures (60%), Korea and China show less fondness in
watching TV, only 22% and 15% respectively. In contrast, a great interest in TV can be seen
among Australia, Canada and USA (around 60%-65%), whose figures for reading occupying only
15%. Meanwhile, except for France, England and Japan, the rest show comparable figures in the
number of people playing sport, particularly around 21%-30%.
Interestingly, while 20% of people in England tend to go to sleep in their spare time, only around
2%-5% do the same in other countries. Similarly, the number of people like going to the beach in
Australia and The USA takes up to 30%, whereas the rest consist of around 2%-5%.
Ver 3:
The given table provides information on favourite leisure activities in 8 different countries among
the 30-50 years old people.
Overall, the data clearly communicates that reading and watching TV are the most popular
pastimes among the nations as opposed to beach and sleep. By far, interests vary greatly among the
countries and except for reading, no other data is given for Japan.
As can be clearly observed, Canadians, Australians and Americans mostly spend their free time
watching TV while Koreans, Chinese and Japanese people would rather read, both the two groups
share the figure of around 60%. Meantime, 50% Chinese people choose to pursue hobbies and the
category of sport is most marked in Australia with30% surveyed participants . Music, on the other
hand, is enjoyed the most by the US citizens of 30-50 years old with 23%, far surpassing the rest
countries’ proportion, which all accounted for less than 5%. Similar patterns are found in the
category of sleep since up to 20% English people sleep as their leisure activity while the numbers
drop significantly in other nations especially only 2% recorded among the Canadians and
Americans. The beach is the most preferred in Australia and the USA where 30% of the 30-50 age
group devote their pastimes to it.
Ver 4:
Given is a table comparing the proportions of people aged from 30 to 50 in eight countries
regarding their favourite leisure activities.
Overall, Australia possesses the highest percentage in most categories. It is also noticeable that
watching TV, reading and hobbies are the most popular pastimes as opposed to sleeping and
listening to music.