Z_ƣốMB ĔẤK @ềE ĔKỌM AỴE
I@CN MB MB@Ọ Z@ÚMB ZKM

C C E@X[ÇM ĔỄ @ềE T@ẬM
EƤ Uờ AạT Z_ÁM@ RHO
 ĔỄ ZK7
Z@KẽZ Iẽ BKNC JKM RHOUKZH OẻM Z@KZ O
E@K BNFH
Ukm` vkỗm t`e `km

7 Z_M MB ^XNMB
MBX[M @CK MNF
MBX[M @X[ IKầM
Bkm
Bk
mbb vvkỗ
kỗm
m `
`mb
mb jm
jm 7 EÛ
EÛ \KỌ
\KỌZ
Z JŠM
JŠMB
B
Mbäm`
7 EÚMB MB@Ọ Z@ÚMB ZKM
Aộp

7 J>5EMTF8

I`õn

7 ?4>0-?4?5

 @ä Mớk, t`ỵmb
t`ỵmb 2 mąf ?4?4

1




T@KX E@F KF
UZZ

@ vọ tỗm skm` vkỗm

>

Z_M MB ^XNMB
Fồ U\7 >00>45?42?>

?

 MBX[ỊM @CÄK MNF
MNF
Få U\7


Mớk jumb t`Ỿe `kỂm

Ĕkễf

E`ợ
iö

Z`kẳt iẳ oỞ eỨe anycut,
aỗm ử tmb, \kt oợc
eợc, Ecjh bknc jkm trnmb
e` (tre vä snu i`k
Ğąmb m`Ầp), Ğąmb m`Ầp,
Ğąmb iö, mbƴỖk jûmb, bkể
`ämb.
Ecjh trnmb m `ọmb,
t`ỳmb oợc, e`k tkt sm
p`f,
tr bkữp,
bkữp
jmb, e`m`
sn, tk
oợcmb
eợc

5

MBX[M @X[ IKầM
IKầM
Fồ U\7


@ vọ tỗm bkmb vkỗm

Ecjh trnmb mbùm `ọmb,
n e`, k ft i`u, vổ
vcue`hr, s`cphhxu

E` iử

B`k e`ữ

Bkmb vkỗm e`f >7

Bkmb vkỗm e`f ?7

2


 

FỪE AỪE
JNM@ FỪE @ÁM@ ắM@..............................................................
ắM@.........................................................................................>
...........................>
AốK MÕK ĔẬX...............................................
ĔẬX............................................................................
............................................................?
...............................?
E@ƣƤMB > 7 ZỚMB ^XNM \Ễ RHOUKZH...........................................................5
>.> RHO ZĠM@ AÄ BÁ3............................................................................................5

>.? RHO ĔỐMB AÄ B 3.........................................................................................:
MBM
M MB
MB
ẻM
ẻM@
@J
JX
X UKầX
UKầX \M
\M OM
OM @Z
@ZFA
FA.............................................8
>.5MB
>.5.> I`ợk mkf..................................................................................................8
>.5.? ĔẲe Ğkễf...............................................
Ğkễf............................................................................
.....................................................8
........................8
>.5.5 OỞ eỨe @ZFA....................................................
@ZFA.................................................................................
........................................<
...........<
 MBÚM
ÚM MBử
MBử Ĕ
ĔKỄ
KỄX
X I@K

I@KỏM
ỏM GN\N
GN\NUE
UE_KT
_KTZ
Z..........................................................0
>.8 MB
>.< Z@ƣ \KỌM G^XH_[..........................................................................................;
E@ƣƤMB ? BKỗK Z@KỌX \Ễ RHOUKZH M Z@KẽZ Oệ E@K BNFH...........>>
?.> F Z [ầX EX...........................................................................................>>
?.? EẻE @ Z@MB MB@KT \Ừ.........................................................................>>
?.?.> Zrnmb e`Ợ..............................................
e`Ợ...........................................................................
................................................
......................>>
...>>
?.?.? Zrnmb t`úmb tkm e`k tkẳt sấm p`ẫf............................................................>>
?.?.5 Zrnmb Ğąmb iö täk i`cấm.........................................................................
i`cấm..........................................................................>?
.>?
?.?.: Zrnmb Ğąmb m`Ầp......................................................
m`Ầp............................................................................
................................
..........>?
>?
?.?.8 Zrnmb bkể `ọmb...............................................
`ọmb.........................................................................................>?
..........................................>?
?.?.< Zrnmb ushr prclkah....................................................................................>5
?.?.2 Zrnmb tr bkữp

bkữp
..>5
..>5
?.?.0 Zrnmb t`ỳmb oợc..................................................
oợc.......................................................................................>5
.....................................>5
?.?.; Zrnmb ĞƮm fun...............................................
fun............................................................................
..........................................>5
.............>5
?.?.>4 Zrnmb ừmb jỨmb...............................................
jỨmb............................................................................
.......................................>5
..........>5
?.?.>> Zrnmb mbïm `ämb……………………
`ämb………………………………………
………………………………….>5
……………….>5
?.?.>? Zrnmb Ğỉn e`ị………………………
e`ị…………………………………………
…………………………………..>5
………………..>5
?.?.>5 Zrnmb fẦt i`ẫu……………………
i`ẫu…………………………………………
…………………………………..>5
……………..>5
?.?.>: Zrnmb væ vcue`hr………………………
vcue`hr……………………………………………
………………………………>5
…………>5

3


 

?.?.>8 Zrnmb s`cphh xu……………………
xu…………………………………………
………………………………….>:
…………….>:
?.5 FỪE ZKÇX PÏ[
PÏ[ JỴMB Z_NMB
Z_NMB RHO M
M Z@KẽZ Oệ E@ƤK
E@ƤK BNFH..>:
BNFH. .>:
E@ƣƤMB 5 Z@KẽZ Iẽ OỔ EỪE......................................................................
EỪE..........................................................................>8
....>8
5.> T@ẬM @HNJH_ Z_NMB RHO...................................................................
RHO...................................................................>8
>8
5.? T@ẬM ECMZHMZ Z_NMB RHO Zrnmb E`Ợ..............................................>8
5.?.> Onmmhr................
Onmmhr.............................................
.........................................................
.........................................................
.............................>8
>8
5.?.? Jnm` FỨe e Uấm T`ẫf................
T`ẫf.............................................

........................................................
...........................><
><
5.?.5 Fhmu trỵk trnmb who.....................................................................
who.................................................................................>2
............>2
5.5 T@ẬM LCCZH_ Z_NMB RHO.........................................................................>2
E`ƴƮmb :7 IẽZ ^Xắ Z@ỴE @KỌM........................................................
@KỌM.....................................................................
...............>0
..>0
:.> BKNC JKỌM Z_NMB E@Ử...............................................................................>0
:.? BKNC JKỌM Z_NMB E@Ử UNX I@K ĔďMB M@ạT..........................................>;
:.5 BKNC JKỌM Z_NMB ĔďMB M@ạT..................................................................>;
:.: BKNC JKỌM Z_NMB ĔďMB IƯ......................................................................?4
:.8 BKNC JKỌM Z_NMB @ở UƤ M@ÏM...........................................................?4
:.< BKNC JKỌM Z_NMB BKọ @ÄMB.....................................................................?>
:.2 BKNC JKỌM Z_NMB ĔƤM FXN......................................................................??
:.0 BKNC JKỌM Z_NMB Z@ÚMB C.........................................................................??
:.; BKNC JKỌM Z_NMB Z@ÚMB ZKM E@K ZKẽZ UắM T@ắF................................?5
:.>4 BKNC JKỌM Z_NMB Z_ữ BK×T....................................................................?:
:.>> BKNC JKỌM Z_NMB ỠMB JXMB ….………………………………..……..?8
:.>? BKNC JKỌM Z_NMB
Z_NMB MBÏM @ÄMB……
@ÄMB………………………
………………………………..?<
……………..?<
:.>5 BKNC JKỌM Z_NMB
Z_NMB ĔệN E@Ề………
E@Ề……………………………

…………………………………...?2
……………...?2
:.>: BKNC JKỌM Z_NMB
Z_NMB FạZ I@ẠX………
I@ẠX…………………………
………………………………?0
……………?0
:.>8 BKNC JKỌM Z_NMB
Z_NMB \Ỉ \CXE@H_…
\CXE@H_……………………
………………………………….?;
……………….?;
:.>< BKNC JKỌM Z_NMB
Z_NMB U@CTHH PX…
PX………………………
……………………………………5
………………544
:.>2.UCX_EH ECJH G^XH_[ IẽZ @ữT EUU5 ZẤC @KỌX ỠMB UKÇX FƣữZ E@C
Z_NMBRHO…………………………………………………………………….. 5>
:.>2.>. M÷t Onei Zc Zcp..................................................................................
Zcp..................................................................................5>
5>
:.>2.?. @kỂu ừmb e`Ỗ tấk trnmb tẮc eấf bkỵe jỈ e`ỉu e`c i`ỵe` `ämb...............5>

4




:.>2.5. U Ikm cmeakei mữt Zỏf Ikf trỗm t`nm` fhmu...............................5>

:.>2.:.UỾ ikỂm cmeakei ồ m÷t Ğąmb m`Ầp eỢn trnmb Ğąmb m`Ầp..........................5?
:.>2.8.@kỂu ừmb t`ny ĞỘk nrrcw i`k `cvhr ồ trnmb e`Ợ……………………….5?
:.>2.<.@kỂu ừmb ẫm `kỂm pnsswcrj ồ trnmb Ğąmb m`Ầp………………………..5?
:.>2.2.@kỂu
ừmbcmeakei
jrcpjcwm
ồ trnmbĔąmb
`ổ sƮm`Ầp………………………………
m`ïm……………………………55
m`ïm……………………………
55
:.>2.0.UỾ ikỂm
eỢn outtcm
m`Ầp……………
…………………..55
..55
:.>2.;.UỾ ikỂm jcwmacnj eỢn tnmb ừmb jỨmb…………….…………………...55
jỨmb…………….…………………...55
:.>2.>4. UỾ ikỂm ecaanpskoahs eỢn trnmb trƮ bk÷p……………………………...5:
bk÷p……………………………...5:
:.>2.>>. UỾ ikỂm `cvhr t`ny k fk tỗm trnmb e` 5:
5:
:.>2.>?. U ikm outtcm fồ lcrf Ğỵm` bkỵ trnmb ĞƮm fun…………………...5:
:.>2.>5. UỾ ikỂm ihyprhss ồ Z`nm` táf ikẳf…………………………………5:
ikẳf…………………………………5:
:.>2.>:. UỾ ikỂm cmohlcrhumac
cmohlcrhumacnj…………………
nj……………………………………
…………………………..58
………..58

IẽZ AXạM.............................................
AXạM..........................................................................
....................................................
..................................
............5<
.5<
JNM@ FỪE ZK AKỌX Z@NF I@ắC...................................................
I@ắC............................................................
.........52
52  

5


 

JNM@ FỪE @ÁM@ ắM@
@ám` >.>. Mbúm mbợ @ZFA................................................
@ZFA.............................................................................
.......................................8
..........8
@ám` >.?. Mbúm mbợ EUU..............................................................
EUU...........................................................................................
.............................22
@ám` 5.>.
>.5. @hnjhr
Mbúm mbợ
GnvnUerkpt.................................................................................0
trnmb
who..............................................

who...........................................................................
.......................................>8
..........>8
@ám` 5.?.> Lkathr......................................................................................................>8
@ám` 5.?.? Jnm` fỨe sấm p`ẫf..............................................................................><
@ám` 5.?.5 Fhmu trỵk trnmb who...............................................................
who...............................................................................><
................><
@ám` 5.5. Lccthr trnmb who......................................................................
who......................................................................................
................>2
>2
@ám` :.>. Bknc jkỂm Zrnmb e`Ợ........................................................
e`Ợ.....................................................................
........................
...........>0
>0
@ám` :.?. Zrnmb e`Ợ snu i`k Ğąmb m`Ầp...................................................................>;
m`Ầp...................................................................>;
@ám` :.5. Zrnmb Ğąmb m`Ầp......................................................................................
m`Ầp......................................................................................>;
>;
@ám` :.:. Zrnmb Ğąmb iư..................................................
iư..........................................................................................?4
........................................?4
@ám` :.:. Zrnmb `ổ sƮ m`ïm...................................
m`ïm................................................................
.............................................?4
................?4
@ám`

:.<. Zrnmb
Bkể `ämb................................................
`ämb...................
.....................................................................?>
........................................?>
@ám` :.2.
Zrnmb ĞƮm
fun............................................
fun.........................................................................
.............................................??
................??
@ám` :.0. Zrnmb t`úmb c...............................................
c............................................................................
........................................??
...........??
@ám` :.;. Zrnmb Z`úmb tkm e`k tkẳt sấm p`ẫf...........................................................?5
p`ẫf...........................................................?5
@ám` :.>4. Zrnmb trụ bk÷p.....................................................
bk÷p........................................................................................?:
...................................?:
@ám` :.>>. Zrnmb ừmb jỨmb.....................................................................................?8
@ám` :.>?. Zrnmb mbïm `ämb....................................................................................
`ämb....................................................................................?<
?<
@ám` :.>5. Zrnmb Ğỉn e`ị..............................................
e`ị..........................................................................
............................................
................?2
?2
@ám` :.>:. Zrnmb ĞỘk fẦt i`ẫu................................................................

i`ẫu................................................................................?0
................?0
@ám` :.>8. Zrnmb væ vcue`hr.......................................
vcue`hr....................................................................
.............................................?;
................?;
@ám` :.><. Zrnmb s`cphh xu....................................................................................54

>

6


 

AốK MÕK ĔẬX
 Mbäy mny, ừmb jỨmb eúmb mb`Ể t`úmb tkm vä vkỂe tkm `Ệe `õn Ğƴụe xhf aä
fớt trcmb m`ợmb yẳu tỞ fnmb tæm` quyẳt Ğỉm` trcmb `cẮt Ğớmb eỢn e e`ỉm` p`Ợ,
tỘ e`ừe, eūmb m`ƴ eỢn e mb ty, mõ Ğõmb vnk trÿ `ẳt sừe qunm trỆmb, eõ t`ễ tẮc rn
m`ợmb oƴộe Ğớt p`ỵ fẮm` fẶ. mb vộk sỾ p`ỵt trkễm i`úmb mbứmb vỎ iỻ t`uẦt
fỵy tỉm` vä fẮmb ĞkỂm tỦ, eúmb mb`Ể t`úmb tkm eūmb eõ Ğƴụe m`ợmb eúmb mb`Ể eõ
Ğẵmb eẨp vä aẢm aƴụt e`km` p`Ứe `ẳt Ğịm` enc mäy Ğẳm Ğịm` enc i`ỵe.
FẮmb kmthrmht ậ fớt trcmb m`ợmb sấm p`ẫf ẽ bkỵ trỉ `ẳt sừe aộm anc vä
mbäy eämb trồ t`äm` fớt eúmb eỨ i`úmb t`ễ t`kẳu, ậ mỎm tấmb e`ỉm` e`c sỾ truyễm
tấk, trnc ĞỘk t`ỳmb tkm trỗm tcọm eu. Bk ùy, fk vke akỗm qunm m t`ỳmb tkm tr
mỗm t`t j jọmb e`c mbk sỦ jỨmb, e`ị eẢm ẽ fớt fỵy tỉm` iẳt mỞk Kmthrmht vä
fớt jÿmb jợ akỂu truy táf t`á bẢm m`ƴ aẦp từe eấ t`ẳ bkộk vỎ vẨm ĞỎ fä oẮm Ğnmb
qunm tïf sẶ `kỂm rn, eõ ĞẢy ĞỢ t`úmb tkm, `ám` ấm` vä t`Ầf e`ỉ Ğúk e ẽ eấ m`ợmb
ïf t`nm` mẳu oẮm eẢm.
OẾmb Kmthrmht, e`÷mb tn Ğå t`Ỿe `kỂm Ğƴụe m`kỎu eúmb vkỂe vộk tỞe Ğớ m`nm`

`Ʈm vä e`k p`ỉ t`Ẩp `Ʈm m`kỎu sc vộk e` t`ừe truyỎm t`Ởmb. E`ổm` ku mọy, ồ
t`ữe y s i`nk skm` vọ p`ợt trkễm eỢn t`ƴƮmb fẮk ĞkỂm tỦ vä e`æm` p`Ợ ĞkỂm t
trỗm i`p t` bkk, aọf okm k ợmb i o fẲt vąm `õn, mïmb enc e`Ẩt aƴụmb euớe
sỞmb ecm mbƴỖk.
Zrcmb `cẮt Ğớmb sấm xuẨt, ikm` jcnm`, bkỖ Ğïy, t`ƴƮmb fẮk ĞkỂm tỦ Ğå i`ẵmb Ğỉm`
Ğƴụe vnk trÿ x÷e tkẳm vä t`ữe y s p`ợt trkm en jcnm` mb`kp. k vk fớt eỦn
`ämb `ny s`cp, vkỂe quấmb vä bkộk t`kỂu Ğẳm i`ỵe` `ämb e sấm p`ẫf fộk Ğỵp
ừmb Ğƴụe m`u eẢu eỢn i`ỵe` `ämb sẶ ậ eẢm t`kẳt.
\Ầy p`ấk quấmb t`ẳ mäc3 Ĕõ ậ xïy jỾmb Ğƴụe fớt Rhoskth e`c eỦn `ämb
eỢn fám` quấmb tẨt eấ e sấm p`ẫf eỢn fám` . \á vẦy hf e`Ệm ĞỎ täk7‖ Pïy
JỾmb Bknc JkỂm Rhoskth m Z`kẳt Oỉ E`Ʈk Bnfh‖.

7


 

E@ƣƤMB >7 ZỚMB ^XNM \Ễ RHOUKZH
>.> RHO ZĠM@ A BÁ3
\Ỏ ikẳm t`ừe eƮ oấm t`á who tīm` t`ƴỖmb Ğƴụe xïy jmb t EUU, @ZFA,
GN\NUE_KTZ `km mny eừ t`ỗf eỳmb mb` @ZFA8 & EUU5. Eõ t`ễ oẮm m`ám fớt
who mäc Ğõ m`ám rẨt aumb any, Ğẻp vä mớk jumb eõ t`ễ t`ny ĞỘk m`ƴmb e`ƴn e`ảe mõ
aä who Ğớmb oồk vá mbƴỖk tn eõ t`ễ sỦ jỨmb J@ZFA Ğễ t`ny ĞỘk mk jumb (tk
eakhmt).
Mu om e`y trỗm fợy tổm` en om t`á vộk who tīm` oẮm eõ t`ễ ĞẲt tẮk Ğïu
eūmb e`Ắy Ğƴụe vá oấm e`Ẩt mõ e`ị aä fớt lkah oám` t`ƴỖmb.
ƣu Ğkễf eỢn who tīm`7
tīm`7
\Ỏ bknc jkỂm Jhskbmhr eõ t`ễ t`kẳt iẳ t`hc ikễu fộk aẮ
ZỞe Ğớ truy eẦp m`nm` oồk mõ e`ị ậ m`ợmb lkah @ZFA

E`k p`ỉ ĞẢu tƴ t`Ẩp oồk oẮm i`úmb p`ấk trấ tkỎm m`kỎu e`c Ecjhr 






Z`ïm t`kỂm
Z`ïm
t`kỂm vộk oớ fỵy
fỵy táf
táf ikẳf
ikẳf oồk
oồk oẮm
oẮm ẽ t` t
t tỗ
tỗmm lk
lkah
ah tỷy ử (thm
(thm-lkah.`tfa, tkhu-jh-tkm-tue.`tfa)
tkhu-jh-tkm-tue.`tfa)
M`e kf en who tīm`7
tīm` 7
I`õ quấm aö mớk jumb
I`õ mïmb eẨp oấc trá







FỒk i`k t`ny ĞỘk p`ấk väc lkah @ZFA, EUU `cẲe GN\NUE_KTZ e`m`
sn
I`k mọc mỗm s jmb who tm`3
tm` 3





Mu oẮm aä jcnm` mb`kỂp fuỞm tỾ fám` aäf whoskth t`á oẮm ẽ t`ễ `Ệe e
ikẳm t`ừe eąm oấm vä tỾ aäf fớt Rho tīm` e`c fám`
 Mớk jumb whoskth ætæt i`k ep m`t vvọọ ổt mỗm om fum
fum tkt ikf e`k p`ổ
p`ổ
Rhoskth om m` vọ om t`uỗ auỳm mbk e`uyỗm v who qum tr
Zrỗm t`e t t`ỏ fỏm` t`y `km mny e`ị ẽ e mb ty t`kẳt iẳ who `Ệ fộk
ậf who tīm` oồk vá `Ệ ẽ i`ấ mąmb e`ịm` sỦn Ğƴụe e`ừ i`ỵe` `ämb t`á `Ệ i`úmb
ẽ i`ấ mąmb Ğõ. @kỂm mny ẽ e trnmb who CMH TNBH ẽ eợe `ku mb sakjh i`ợ
e mỗm emb eừ t` ` sỦ jỨmb who tīm` `cẲe tīm` fớt p`Ảm trcmb Ğõ.




8


 

>.? RHO ĔỐMB A BÁ 3

 Mbƴụe aẮk vộk who tīm`, who Ğớmb ậ m`ợmb whoskth ẽ `Ể t`Ởmb quấm mớk
jumb vä mbƴỖk jûmb eõ t`ễ e`ịm` sỦn mớk jumb Ğƴụe. \ỉ jỨ m`ƴ trnmb vmhxprhss.mht
`ny ?:`.ecf.vm t`á Ğõ ậ m`ợmb who Ğớmb oồk vá `Ệ eõ t`ễ Ğąmb tkm fộk, e`ịm` sỦn
tkm fộk vä e`ịm` sỦn jnm` fỨe fhmu, ...
Rho Ğớmb Ğƴụe ậf tứ bá3
bá3
Rho Ğớmb sỦ jỨmb e eúmb mb`Ể m`ƴ @ZFA, EUU, @ZFA8, EUU5,
GN\NUE_KTZ, ... vä ĞkỎu ĞẲe okỂt ậ ẽ sỦ jỨmb fớt mbúm mbợ aẦp trám` shrvhr m`ƴ
T@T, E#, GN\N, T[Z@CM fớt `Ể quấm trỉ eƮ sồ jợ akỂu m`ƴ FyU^A, U^A
UH\H_ ,.. vá vẦy who mb p`k e`y trcmb fợy e`. Mu t trỗm fỵy tỉm` eỢn
 oẮm t`á oẮm p`ấk ệk
ệk e Rho shrvhr ấc m`ƴ
m`ƴ vhrtrkbc, Pn
Pnfpp,
fpp, wnfpp, ...
ƣu Ğkễf eỢn who Ğớmb7
Ğớmb7


JỈ
JỈ jämb
jämb quấm
mïmb aö
eẨpmớk
väjumb
oấc trá
Eõ t`ễ xïy jỨmb Ğƴụe who aộm
Z`ƴỖmb sỦ jỨmb tƴƮmb tỵe vộk mbƴỖk jûmb enc
@kỂm mny vẩm UHC tỞt oồk tn eõ t`ễ sỦ jỨmb e`ừe mąmb _hwrkth X_A
e`uyỗm X_A t`ùm t`km

@km tk, who mb e t`kt i trỗm mm fồ mbum f nmb rt e ƴn
e`uớmb vä t`ỉm` `äm`. Få mbuổm fồ Ğnmb trồ t`äm` fớt xu `ƴộmb fộk, fớt mbƴỖk
i`úmb okẳt aẦp trám` eūmb eõ t`ễ t`kẳt iẳ whoskth Ğớmb vộk ĞẢy ĞỢ e`ừe mąmb t`úmb
qun få mbuổm fồ .
M`ƴụe Ğkễf eỢn who Ğớmb7
Ğớmb7
E`k p`æ xùy jmb enc
Mu who am eừ t` em t`ỗf m`ùm s
s e`uyỗm mbọm`
I`k mọc mỗm s jmb who mb3
Om aọf whoskth t`ƴƮmb fẮk ĞkỂm tỦ m `ämb
OẮm ậf who bkộk t`kỂu sấm p`ấf eúmb ty
OẮm aäf who tkm từe, oacb m`ïm
Rho oẮm tẢf eỮ aộm













9





>.5 MBM MB ẻM@ JX UKầX \M OM @ZFA
>.5.>
>.5
.> I`ợk
I`ợk mkf
mkf

@ỏm` >.>. Mbỳm mb @ZFA
Mbỳm
Mb
ỳm mb ợm`
ợm` ju skỗu
skỗu vm
vm oấm tkẳmb Nm` aä @yph
@yphrthx
rthxtt Fnri
Fnriup
up
Anmbunbh,, vkẳt tảt aä @ZFA.
Anmbunbh
Mbúm mb ợm` ju skỗu vm om (@ZFA) aọ tp `p e iỉ `kỂu `cẲe få
Ğỵm` jẨu Ğƴụe e`àm väc fớt tp `km t` trỗm Kmthrmht. ợm` ju mọy bkữp trỏm`
juyt who okẳt e` `kễm t`ỉ e tứ vä `ám` ấm` en trnmb who. Fk fồ ợm` ju
rkỗmb a e bk aä fớt "yẳu tỞ" (hahfhmt) , Ğúk i`k eÿm Ğƴụe bỆk aä fớt "t`ẹ"
(tnb). Fớt sỞ yẳu tỞ jƴộk jẮmb eẲp e`c okẳt i`k mäc t`á oảt ĞẢu `cẲe iẳt t`ữe `km
t` ft s `ku mb.
>.5.? e kf
>.5.?

kf
Mbỳm mb ợm` ju skỗu vm om aọ mbỳm mb fợy tổm` tc ĞkỎu ikỂm e`c
vkỂe aẦp trnmb who. Mbúm mbợ mäy, eõ eợe t fồ vọ eữ p`ợp bkmb m` ot iỏ mbúm
mbợ mäc i`ỵe, tƴƮmb ĞỞk jỈ `kễu vä qun t`Ỗk bknm tr mỗm mbọy eọmb fm` f trcmb
ap trỏm`. @ZFA tkp te p`ợt trkm ợp mb eợe yỗu eu eỢn Kmthrmht jƴộk vể
 oỆe eỢn Rcraj Rkjh
Rkjh Rho Ecmscrtku
Ecmscrtkuf,
f, tỘ e`e t`kt i vọ
vọ juy trỏ mb
mbỳm
ỳm mb.
Ukỗu vm om (@yphrthxt) aä p`ƴƮmb t`ừe fä mbƴỖk jûmb Kmthrmht sỦ jỨmb Ğễ
ĞkỎu `ƴộmb trnmb who. OẾmb e` eakei väc vąm oấm e okt bk aọ skỗu akỗm it
(`yphrakmi), mbk jỷmb s Ğƴụe Ğƴn Ğẳm e trnmb fộk. \kỂe sỦ jỨmb t`uẦt mbợ
10


 

"`yphr" ẽ mb`īn ậ i`úmb tuyẳm tỉm`, vá vẦy mbƴỖk jỷmb eừ t` truy ep ot e mk
mọc trỗm Kmthrmht e` omb eợe` eakei e`ut vọc eợe akỗm it eừ sẸm.
Ĕỵm` jẨu (fnriup) e`ỉm` ậ p`ƴƮmb t`ừe fä @ZFA Ğỵm` jẨu e`c m`ợmb
ĞcẮm vąm oấm, mõk e` i`ỵe, @ZFA Ğỵm` jẨu e`÷mb ậ fớt acẮk vąm oấm eỨ t`ễ. \ỉ
jỨ7 vąm oấm Ğỵm` jẨu ẽ t`ễ ồ jẮmb km ĞẦf `ce km mb`kỗmb t`u `ữt s e`ữ ử e
t` Ğẳm fớt tứ `cẲe eỨf tứ.
UỦ jỨmb @ZFA, oẮm eõ t` t`ỗf tkỗu , m` jmb cm vm, mbt jmb
ku i`kễm, tẮc jnm` sỵe`, m`Ẩm fẮm` vąm oấm, tẮc iư t e okt, e`m `ỏm` m`,
tc akỗm it, xùy jmb oấmb, ĞkỎu i`kễm fớt sỞ ikễu,
ikễu, vä m`kỎu `Ʈm mợn.

>.5.5 O ee
>.5.5
ee @ZFA
@ZFA
1`tfa=
1`hnj=
1tktah=Zkỗu trnmb who1/tktah=
1/`hnj=
1ocjy=
Mk jumb trnmb
trnmb who eừ t`ễ ĞẲt trcmb
trcmb e t`ẹ `fta.
Oảt ĞẢu oẾmb t`ẹ fồ vä iẳt t`÷e oẾmb t`ẹ Ğõmb
1/ocjy=
1/`tfa=
↟ Zrcmb Ğõ7
1!JCEZ[TH `tfa=7 i`nk c ikễu jợ akỂu `kễm t`ỉ
1`tfa= vä 1/`tfa=7 eẲp t`ẹ oảt ouớe, hahfhmt eẨp enc m`Ẩt, eõ m`kỂf vỨ
Ğõmb bõk tẨt eấ mớk jumb eỢn trnmb @ZFA
1`hnj= vä 1/`hnj=
1/`hnj=77 i`nk oợc eợe t`ỳmb tkm fhtn en trnmb who m`7 tkỗu
trnmb, e`nrsht
1tktah= vọ 1/tktah=
1/tktah=77 ep t` mf oỗm trcmb t` 1`hnj=, jỷmb i`nk oợc tkỗu
en trnmb
1ocjy= vọ 1/ocjy=
1/ocjy=77 eẲp t`ẹ jûmb Ğễ Ğõmb bõk tẨt eấ e mớk jumb s `km
t` trỗm trnmb











11


 

>.: MBÚM MBử IệE@ OắM EUU

@ám` >.?. Mbúm mbợ EUU
EUU aä e`ợ vkẳt tảt eỢn Ensenjkmb Utyah U`hhts, mõ aä fớt mbúm mbợ Ğƴụe sỦ
jỨmb
táf@ZFA).
vä Ğỉm`OẮm
jẮmb
p`Ảm
Ğƴụe
tẮc rn
e mbúm
jẨu
(vỉ
jỨĞễm`ƴ
ẽaẮk
t`ễe

`kễu
ĞƮmtỦbkấm
rẾmb,
mẳuoồk
@ZFA
Ğõmbmbợ
vnkĞỵm`
trÿ Ğỉm`
jẮmb e p`m t trỗm whoskth m` vke tc rn eợe cm vm om, eợe tkỗu , omb,
t`ỏ EUU s bkữp e`ữmb tn eừ t` t`ỗf ft e`ữt p`cmb eợe` vọc eợe p`Ảm tỦ
@ZFA Ğõ m`ƴ ĞỘk fäu sảe trnmb, ĞỘk fäu e`ợ, t`ny ĞỘk eẨu tr÷e,…rẨt m`kỎu.
Zrcm
Zr
cmbb i`k
i`k @ZFA
@ZFA ậ eẨu tr÷e
tr÷e eƮ oấm
oấm eỢn
eỢn trnm
trnmbb who
who eỢn
eỢn oẮm,
oẮm, EU
EUU
U ậ t`ừ
fnmb aẮk e`c tcäm oớ trnmb who eỢn oẮm p`cmb eợe`. M`mb fọu se oừmb oy,
p`ỳmb e` t`ữ v, vọ `ám` ấm` mỎm3 ZẨt eấ aä m`Ỗ EUU. Mbúm mbợ mäy ấm` `ƴồmb
Ğẳm tcäm oớ tïf trẮmb vä bknk ĞkỂu eỢn fớt trnmb who, i`kẳm mõ trồ t`äm` fớt eúmb
eỨ vú ẻmb fẮm` fẶ ― vä ậ fớt iỻ mąmb qunm trmb eợe ap trỏm` vkỗm who `e
`k. ừ eūmb ậ m`ợmb bá e`c p`ëp e trnmb who t`ỉe` ừmb vộk e iỉe` t`ƴộe

fäm `ám` vä acẮk t`kẳt oỉ i`ợe m`nu.
O ee EUU
Eu trữe ft cm EUU7 Ft cm EUU onc bổf : p`Ảm m`ƴ t`ẳ mäy7 vûmb
e`Ệm { t`uớe tỉm` 7 bkỵ trỉ9 t`uớe tỉm`7 bkỵ trỉ9 }
 Mb`īn ậ mõ sẶ Ğƴụe i`nk c oẾmb vûmb e`Ệm, snu ừ eợe t`ue tổm` vọ bkợ
tr s mf oỗm trcmb eẲp jẨu mbcẲe m`Ệm {}. FỒk t`uớe tæm` sẶ auúm eừ ft bkợ tr
rkỗmb, bkợ tr eừ t` aọ jmb s, `ce eợe tỗm bkợ tr trcmb jnm` sợe` eừ sẸm eỢn EUU.
T`Ảm bkỵ trỉ vä t`uớe tỉm`
tỉm` p`ấk Ğƴụe e` m`nu oẾmb jẨu `nk e`Ẩf, vä f
fỒk
Ồk fớt

12


 

jÿmb i`nk c t`uớe tỉm` sẶ am ẽ jẨu e`Ẩf p`ẫy ồ euỞk. Fớt vûmb e`Ệm eõ t`ễ
sỦ jỨmb i`úmb bkộk `Ắm t`uớe tæm`.

>.8 MBÚM MBử IệE@ OắM GN\NUE_KTZ

@ám` >.5. Mbúm mbợ GnvnUerkpt
GnvnUerkpt aä fớt mbúm mbợ aẦp trám` Ğn mỎm tấmb (ercss-pantlcrf)
( ercss-pantlcrf),, mbúm
mbợ aẦp trám` iỉe` oấm, `ƴộmb ĞỞk tƴụmb. GnvnUerkpt aä fớt mbúm mbợ m`ể vä m`ẻ
(sfnaa
nmj eừ
akb`twhkb`t).
mfcoghet

oỗm trcmb
ft trmb
fỳk trmb
GnvnUerkpt
t` it mkI`k
tk eợe
en fỳk
ừ vọ(`cst
eumbhmvkrcmfhmt),
ep eợe eợe`
qum aử e`ữmb (coghet).
GnvnUerkpt e`n eợe t` vkm tkỗu e`um e`c e coghet, vỉ jỨ
m`ƴ7 Nrrny,
Nrrny, Jnth, vä Fnt`, vä e yẳu tỞ eỞt àk eỢn mbúm mbợ aẦp trám` m`
m`77 tcợm
t (cphrntcr
(cphrntcrs),
s), eu trữe ku i`km
i`km (ecmtrca
(ecmtrca strueturhs)
strueturhs),, vọ eïu aỂm`.
aỂm`. GnvnUerkpt
GnvnUerkpt eõ
t`ễ Ğƴụe fồ rớmb e`c m`kỎu fỨe ổe` omb vke o sumb t`ỗf eợe coghet9
GnvnUerkpt aọ mbỳm mb ap trỏm` jn trỗm acbke, eừ t` e s jỨmb Ğễ sỦn
ĞỘk mớk jumb trnmb who vä i`kẳm mõ `cẮt Ğớmb t`hc m`kỎu e` i`ỵe m`nu Ğễ Ğỵp
ừmb vộk `äm` Ğớmb eỢn mbƴỖk jûmb. e e` sỦ jỨmb p`Ộ okm e`c GnvnUerkpt onc
bf
eừ. ecmlkrfntkcm ocxhs, enaas-tc-netkcm, vọ t`ỗf t`ỳmb tkm fộk väc t`úmb tkm `kỂm
13



 

 Mõk tõf aẮk, GnvnUerkpt aä mbúm mbợ aẦp trám` e`c p`ëp e m`ä p`ỵt trkễm
who t`kẳt iẳ e trnmb who tƴƮmb tỵe. @Ảu `ẳt e `cẮt Ğớmb fä oẮm sẶ t`y trỗm
ft trnmb who aọ m` GnvnUerkpt, bkữp tmb emb e ikễf scỵt vä `äm` vk fẲe
Ğỉm` eỢn trám` juyỂt.
\ỉ jỨ7
Eakhmt-skjh
GnvnUerkpt
GnvnUerkpt
Ğƴụe
rớmb oẾmb
rớmb
oẾm
b e`
e` eumb
euGnvnUerkpt
mb eẨp e-coghet
coghe
t Ğễ quấm
quấp`ỉn
m fỵy
trám`i`ỵe`,
juyỂt vä
Jceufh
Jceufhmt
mt
Coghet

Cogfồ 
het
Fcjha (JCF) eỢn mõ. \ỉ jỨ, p`Ảm fồ rớmb p`ỉn fỵy i`ỵe` e`c p`ëp fớt ừmb
jỨmb tỵe Ğớmb tộk e yẳu t trỗm ft trnmb @ZFA vọ p`m `k bkmb eợe tỵe Ğớmb
eỢn mbƴỖk jûmb m`ƴ eakei e`uớt, m`Ầp lcrf, vä e`uyễm trnmb.
Uhrvhr-skj
Uhrvh
r-skjhh GnvnUerkpt
GnvnUerkpt - GnvnUerkpt p`æn Uhrvhr, GnvnUerkpt Ğƴụe fồ rmb
omb eợe` eumb ep t`ỗf eợe k tmb em t`kt e`y GnvnUerkpt trỗm fợy
e`. \ổ j, p`m f rớmb p`æn shrvhr mäy e`c p`ëp ừmb jỨmb iẳt mỞk vộk eƮ sồ jợ
akỂu (jntnonsh), eumb eẨp t`úmb tkm fớt eợe` akỗm te t ft yỗu eu tk p`m i`ợe
en ừmb jỨmb, `cẲe t`Ỿe `kỂm t`nc tỵe vộk e tẦp tkm trỗm fợy e`.

>.g^uhry aọ ft t` vkm ikễu fộk eỢn GnvnUerkpt, Ğƴụe tẮc oồk Gc`m _hskb väc
mąf ?44< vộk fớt p`ƴƮmb e`ïf tuyỂt vỖk7 Rrkth ahss, jc fcrh - \kẳt ỉt `Ʈm, ậf
m`kỎu `Ʈm.
`Ʈm.
 g^uhry ậf ĞƮm bkấm `õn vkỂe truyỎm tấk @ZFA, xỦ aö sỾ ikỂm, tẮc `kỂu ừmb
Ğớmb vä tƴƮmb tỵe Ngnx. \ộk g^uhry, i`ỵk mkỂf _npkj Rho Jhvhacpfhmt Ğå i`úmb
m q xn aẮ.
 g^uhry ậ fớt oớ mb eỨ tkỂm ỉe` GnvnUerkpt ậf ĞƮm bkấm `õn e tỵe vỨ Ğn
jẮmb vộk vkỂe vkẳt ỉt ecjh `Ʈm. Jk ùy akt iỗ ft s tổm` mmb tk qunm trmb
e ` tr ok g^uhry7
Z`nc tợe JCF g^uhry
g^uhry bkữp jỈ jämb aỾn e`Ệm e p`Ảm tỦ JCF
Ğễ trnvhrsh (juyỂt) fớt e` jỈ jämb m`ƴ sỦ jỨmb EUU, vä e`ịm` sỦn mớk jumb eỢn
e`÷mb oồk sỦ jỨmb p`ƴƮmb tkỂm Uhahetcr få mbuổm fồ, fä Ğƴụe bỆk ậ Ukzzah
Ukzzah..

PỦ sỾ ikm g^uhry
g^uhry bkữp tmb tợe vk mbk jỷmb tt `Ʈm oẾmb vkỂe xỦ
e sỾ ikỂm Ğn jẮmb fä i`ỳmb aọf e`c @ZFA ecjh rk tumb aỗm vk eợe Hvhmt
@nmjahr.
@Ồ trụ NGNP ∟ g^uhry
∟  g^uhry bk÷p oẮm rẨt m`kỎu Ğễ p`ỵt trkễm fớt skth bkäu tỉm`
mąmb vä p`ấm `ổk tỞt oồk sỦ jỨmb eúmb mb`Ể NGNP.
14


 

@kỂu ừmb ∟ g^uhry
∟ g^uhry Ğk iàf vộk rẨt m`kỎu e `kỂu ừmb Ğn jẮmb vä Ğẻp fảt fä
 oẮm eõ t`ễ sỦ jỨmb trcmb
trcmb e Rhoskth eỢ
eỢnn fám`.
BỆm m`ẻ ∟ g^uhry
∟  g^uhry ậ t`ƴ vkỂm bỆm m`ẻ - mõ e`ị ẽ iỉe` eỮ i`cấmb >;IO
(bzkpphj).
Ĕƴụe `Ồ trụ `Ảu `ẳt oồk e trám` juyỂt `kỂm ĞẮk ∟ g^uhry
∟  g^uhry Ğƴụe `Ồ trụ `Ảu
`ẳt oồk e trỏm` juyt `km k, vọ aọf vke tt trỗm KH <.4+, LL ?.4+, Unlnrk 5.4+,
E`rcfh vä Cphrn ;.4+
EẦp m`Ầt vä `Ồ trụ e mb mb`Ể fộk m`Ẩt ∟ g^uhry
∟  g^uhry `Ồ tr EUU5 Uhahetcr
vọ eữ p`ợp PTnt` e om.

15

 

E@ƣƤMB ?7 BKỗK Z@KỌX \Ễ RHOUKZH M Z@KẽZ Oệ
E@ƤK BNFH
?.> F Z [ầX EX
Zrnmb whoskth U`cp Oợm Z`kt O E`k Bnfh U`cphh aä s`cp t`kẳt oỉ e`Ʈk
bnfh cmakmh aä eẢu mk bkữp i`ợe` `ọmb m`mb mbk eừ nf fỗ e`Ʈk bnfh eõ
t`ễ táf ồ Ğïy m`ợmb t`kẳt oỉ, sấm p`ẫf fám` eẢm fớt e` m`nm` e`õmb vä tkỂm aụk
m`Ẩt.
Ĕễ eõ t`ễ t`u `÷t mbƴỖk jûmb fun whoskth Ğõ eẢm Ğỵp ừmb m`ợmb m`u eẢu
snu7
- @ám`
@ám` ấm`
ấm` sấm p`ẫf
p`ẫf Ğẻp
Ğẻp aumb
aumb akm`,
akm`, Ğn jẮmb
jẮmb fẩu
fẩu få, `ám`
`ám` ấm`
ấm` t`á
 oẮm i`úmb eẢm p`ấk
p`ấk e`ąf sõe m`ƴ eïy mbcäk
mbcäk t`Ỿe tẳ.
- Rhoskt
Rhoskthh eõ bbkn
kncc jkỂm
jkỂm ĞƮm

ĞƮm bkấm
bkấm m`ƴm
m`ƴmbb Ğẻp,
Ğẻp, oảt fảt
fảt t`u
t`u `ữt i`ợe
i`ợe`` `ọmb.
`ọmb.
- I`ợe
I`ợe`` `ọmb
`ọmb e` vke
vke cmak
cmakmh
mh xhf
xhf fu få vä e`Ệm
e`Ệm sấ
sấmm p`ẫf,
p`ẫf, eõ t`ễ
t`ễ
fun `ämb ồ oẨt eừ Ğïu fä i`úmb eẢm Ğẳm eỦn `ämb.
- OẮm eõ
eõ t`ễ quấm
quấm onc
onc qt
qt tcäm
tcäm eỦn
eỦn `ämb
`ämb e`ị
e`ị vộk > e÷ eakei
eakei e`uớ

e`uớt.t.
- EẦp m`Ầt
m`Ầt fẩu
fẩu få
få sấm
sấm p`ẫf,
p`ẫf, p`Ứ
p`Ứ ikỂm
ikỂm fộk
fộk akm`
akm` `cẮt
`cẮt,, m`nm`
m`nm` e`õm
e`õmb.
b.
- m
m `ämb
`ämb fỆk a÷e
a÷e fỆk
fỆk mƮk,
mƮk, iễ eấ i`
i`kk oẮm Ğk
Ğk ju aỉe`
aỉe`,, i`k ĞĞnm
nmbb ąm uỞ
uỞmb
mb
vộk oẮm ồ,…
?.? E @Ọ Z@ỔMB
Z@ỔMB MB@KỌT

MB@KỌT \
?.?.>
?.?
.> Zrnm
Zrnmbb e`
ùy aọ trnmb u tkỗm s e `km aỗm i`k mbk jỷmb truy ep vọc whoskth
vọ mừ eừ väk mb`kỂp vỨ snu Ğïy7
- ZẮc t`nm`
t`nm` fhmu ĞkỎu `ƴộmb
`ƴộmb trnmb
trnmb who.
- @kễm t`ỉ jnm` sỵe` e sấm p`ẫf
p`ẫf Ğnmb
Ğnmb m e`Ắy
e`Ắy m`Ẩt eỢ
eỢnn trnmb who
who
- Záf ikẳf
ikẳf sấm
sấm p`ẫf.
p`ẫf.
- Akmi Ğẳm trnmb Ğąmb
Ğąmb m`Ầp vä Ğąmb
Ğąmb iæ e`c mbƴỖk jûmb.
jûmb.
- t`ễ `kễm t`ỉ t`úmb c, bkể `ämb
?.?.? Zrnmb
Zrnmb t`úmb tkm e`k tkẳt sấm p
p`ẫf
`ẫf

 M`ợmb t`úmb tkm fä oẮm eumb eẨp e`c sấm p`ẫf sẶ ấm` `ƴồmb Ğẳm e` sm
p`f t` `km m e`c i`ợe` `ọmb, bbkữp
kữp om j jọmb qum aử emb m` bkữp i`ợe`

16


 

`ämb m`nm` e`õmb táf t`Ẩy sấm p`ẫf vä Ğƴn rn quyt m` fun `ọmb ft eợe`
e`ổm` xợe. Zt m`kỗm tu t`uớe väc e` quấm vä ikm` jcnm` eỢn tứmb jcnm`
mb`kỂp, oẮm i`úmb eẢm p`ấk ĞkỎm ĞẢy ĞỢ tẨt eấ t`úmb tkm e`k tkẳt e`c sấm p`ẫf.
?.?.5 Zrnmb
Zrnmb Ğąmb
Ğąmb iö tọk i`cm
i`cm
Bkữp i`ợe` `ọmb eừ ft tọk i`cm en rkỗmb fám` ẽ t`ễ t`cấk fỵk aỾn e`Ệm
e sấm p`ẫf fám` yỗu t`ổe`, mbcọk rn i`ợe` `ọmb em eừ s nm tcäm i`úmb ac oỉ aớ
t`úmb tkm vä trỵm` sỾ m`Ảf aẩm sấm p`ẫf.
ĔẲe okỂt `Ʈm i`k i`ỵe` `ämb Ğąmb iỉ xcmb tọk i`cm en rkỗmb fỏm` t`ỏ i`k
vọc ` t`mb sẶ p`ïm okỂt e mbƴỖk jûmb i`ỵe m`nu trƴộe i`k p`Ứe vỨ `cẲe tứ
e`Ởk e jỉe` vỨ m`Ẩt Ğỉm` . \á vẦy i`ỵe` `ämb i`úmb eẢm p`ấk ac aảmb vỎ e sấm
 p`ẫf eūmb m`ƴ sỾ m`Ảf aẩm jỉe` vỨ .Ĕïy ậ oƴộe i`ỵ qunm trỆmb vä eẢm ẽ eỢn
i`ỵe` `ämb Ğễ oẦt fẦt t`úmb tkm fớt e` nm tcäm eỢn e`æm` fám`.
?.?.: Zrnmb
Zrnmb Ğąmb
Ğąmb m`Ầp
m`Ầp
Aä fớt t`Ợ tỨe i`k oảt ĞẢu t`nf bkn väc fớt trnmb who mäc Ğõ eõ fe mb
iử t`ọm` vkỗm. Mbk fum mb m`p p`k t`hc trỏm` t `mb jm m`p tỗm

t`mb jỷmb KJ vọ fẦt i`ẫu (pnsswcrj).
FuỞm Ğąmb m`Ầp t`á mbƴỖk jûmb trƴộe Ğõ ồ p`k mb iử aọf t`ọm` vkỗm
vk ft trỏm` t t` te t`mb aọ e`m vọ b`k tỗm t`mb jỷmb (ushr mnfh), e`m
vọ b`k ft i`u.
Z` te trỗm bkữp ` t`Ởmb fỵy tỉm` p`ïm okỂt e mbƴỖk jûmb i`ỵe m`nu
trƴộe i`k p`Ứe vỨ `cẲe tứ e`Ởk e jỉe` vỨ m`Ẩt m`. k vk who, t` te mừk trỗm
f oc s mb`kỗf tữe vọ nm mkm` e`c trnmb who vọ jỉe` vỨ eỢn mõ eūmb m`ƴ
e`c e`æm` mbƴỖk jûmb.
?.?.8 Zrnmb
Zrnmb bkể
bkể `ämb
`ämb
Ĕïy aä trnmb eumb eẨp ĞẢy ĞỢ t`úmb tkm eợe sm p`f fọ i`ợe` `ọmb ồ
t`ỗf vọc bk `ọmb onc bổf7 sỞ aƴụmb, ĞƮm bkỵ, t`äm` tkỎm, e i`uyẳm fåk Ğk iàf
ẻmb e få bkấf bkỵ ẽ t`ễ sỦ jmb. I`ợe` `ọmb eừ t` t`ỗf, xcợ sm p`f vọ Ğk
Ğẳm trnmb t`nm` tcỵm.

17


 

?.?.< Zrnmb
Zrnmb ushr
ushr prclkah
prclkah
e t`úmb tkm m`ïm eỢn i`ỵe` `ọmb u `km t` ùy7 Zỗm mb m`p,
Zỗm, Hfnka, UỞ ĞkỂm t`cẮk, Bkộk tæm`, Mbäy skm`, ắm` ĞẮk jkỂm. I`ợe` `ọmb u eừ
t` t`ny k eợe t`ỳmb tkm trỗm fớt e` m`nm` e`õmb, jỈ jämb m`ƴmb vẩm Ğấf oấc
tỉm` nm tcọm t`ỳmb tkm.

?.?.2 Zrnmb
Zrnmb tr
tr bkữp
bkữp
Bkữp i`ợe` `ọmb fun e sấm p`ẫf fám` t`ỉe` fớt e jỈ jämb vä m`nm`
bỆm m`Ẩt.
ĔỞk vộk i`ỵe` `ämb e`ƴn väc trnmb who onc bkỖ sẶ rẨt fộk aẮ vä i`õ eõ t`ễ
fun `ämb. \á vẦy, m`Ỗ eõ trnmb `ƴộmb jẩm fun `ämb eõ t` ` tr `mb jm e
t` bkữp i`ợe` `ọmb fun Ğƴụe e sấm p`ẫf p`û `ụp vộk m`ue eẢu eỢn om t`ùm.
?.?.0 Zrnmb
Zrnmb t`ỳmb
t`ỳmb oợc
oợc
Bkữp i`ợe` `ọmb r rnmb ikf trn e t`úmb c eỢn s`cp vỎ fỆk vẨm ĞỎ m`ƴ
sấm p`ẫf fộk, sấm p`ẫf Ğå fun, e`ƴƮmb trám` i`uyẳm fẮk, ...
?.?.; Zrnmb
Zrnmb ĞƮm
ĞƮm fun
fun
Ĕïy aä trnmb sẶ tỘmb `ụp aẮk tẨt eấ e ĞƮm `ämb fä i`ỵe` `ämb Ğå ĞẲt, e`c i`ỵe`
`ämb okẳt ĞẢy ĞỢ t`úmb tkm vỎ fẲt `ämb vä tkẳm trám` bknc `ämb.
?.?.>4 Zrnmb
?.?.>4
Zrnmb ừmb jỨmb
jỨmb
I`ỵe` `ämb eừ t` tk mb jmb rkỗmb e s`cp t`kt i Ğễ t`uẦm tkỂm fun
`ämb t`hc jøk e t`úmb c eỢn s`cp.
?.?.
?.?.>>
>> Zrnm

Zrnmbb mb
mbïm
ïm `ämb
`ämb
  Mbïm `ämb aä trnmb fä mbƴỖk sỦ jỨmb
jỨmb ừmb jỨmb t`hf täk i`cấm mbïm `ämb
Ğễ eõ t`ễ t`nm` tcỵm cmakmh.
?.?.
?.?.>?
>? Zrnm
Zrnmbb Ğ
Ğỉn
ỉn e`ị.
e`ị.
 Ĕïy ậ trnmb fä mbk jỷmb t`ỗf n e` t`nm` tcợm tre tkp snu i`k ĞẲt
`ämb.
?.
?.?.
?.>5
>5 Zrnm
Zrnmbb Ğ
ĞỘk
Ộk fẦt
fẦt i`ẫ
i`ẫu.
u.
  Ĕƴụe jûmb Ğễ e`c mbƴỖk jûmb t`ny ĞỘk fẦt i`ẫu i`k eõ t`ễ oỉ aớ t`úmb tkm
fẦt i`ẫu täk i`cấm.
?.
?.?.

?.>:
>: Zrnm
Zrnmbb vvææ vcu
vcue`
e`hr
hr..

18


 

 
\cue`hr ậ fớt jẮmb p`kẳu fun `ämb vä i`ỵe` `ämb eõ t`ễ sỦ jỨmb vcue`hr 
i`k fun `ämb tƴƮmb ĞƴƮmb m`ƴ fớt p`ƴƮmb t`ừe t`nm` tcỵm (ZkỎm fẲt, Z`ẹ `cẲe
E`uyễm i`cấm…)
 
Aụk æe` eỢn vcue`hr7
vcue`hr7 Aä p`ƴƮmb
p`ƴƮmb tkỂm fnrihtkmb
fnrihtkmb `ợu `kỂu, aä eu mk bkữp
jcnm` mb`kp e`f sừe, bm it i`ợe` `ọmb t`ïm t`kẳt…Ğƴụe sỦ jỨmb rớmb råk trcmb
e `cẮt Ğớmb ikm` jcnm`
?.?.>8.Zrnmb s`cphh xu.
Oấm e`Ẩt eỢn U`cphh xu aä fớt jẮmb Ğổmb tkỎm ấc jc U`cphh tẮc rn. E`÷mb
Ğƴụe jûmb Ğễ t`nm` tcợm i`k om fun `ọmb tre tuym trỗm trnmb who `ce trỗm mb
jmb U`cphh Npp. @ce om emb eừ t`ễ jûmb xu U`cphh Ğễ ĞỘk aẨy få bkấf bkỵ
`ny t`nf bkn e `cẮt Ğớmb `Ẩp jẩm trcmb trnmb ‑U`cphh xu‖.
FỒk xu U`cphh sẶ tƴƮmb ừmb vộk bkỵ trỉ ậ > \MJ.
\MJ.

?.5 FE ZKầX Pẽ[ JMB Z_NMB RHOUKZH OẻM Z@KZ Oệ E@ƤK BNFH
- \kỂe t`kẳt iẳ whoskth sẶ bk÷p e`c oẮm tkẳp eẦm Ğƴụe mbuổm
mbuổm i`ỵe` `ämb
`ämb
tkỎf mąmb m`kỎu `Ʈm sc vộk p`ƴƮmb p`ỵp m `ämb truyỎm t`Ởmb
- ZruyỎm tấk Ğƴụe tt`úmb
`úmb tkm vỎ m`ợmb t`kẳt oỉ e`Ʈk bnfh m`ƴ ộm p`ỉ
p`ỉf,
f, fäm
`ám`, tnk mb`h, akm` ikỂm fỵy tỉm`,…. Ğẳm fỆk mbƴỖk tỞt `Ʈm, i`ỵe` qunm `Ʈm
- E`ừmb fkm` Ğƴụe sỾ uy tæm
tæm e`c t`ƴƮmb `kỂu eỢn U`cp
- Eõ Ğƴụe sỾ ĞẢu tƴ e`ỉm`
e`ỉm` xỵe trcmb t`Ỗk
t`Ỗk ĞẮk fẮmb kmthrmht
- Bknc jkỂm Ğẻp i`kẳm
i`kẳm i`ỵe` `ämb fu
funn b`ë fun sấm p`ẫf m`kỎu aẢm

19


 

E@ƣƤMB 57 Z@KẽZ Iẽ OỔ EỪE
e anycut ĞỎu bkỞmb m`nu vỎ p`Ảm `hnjhr vä lccthr, e`ị i`ỵe m`nu vỎ ecmthmt
vä mõ Ğƴụe iẳ t`ứn e`c e anycut i`ỵe.
5.> T@ẬM @
@HNJH
HNJH_

_ Z_NMB RHO
RHO

@ám` 5.>. @hnjhr trnmb who
- Aä mƮk `kễ
`kễmm t`ỉ acbc U`cp,
U`cp, e`ừe mąmb táf ikẳf,
ikẳf, Ğąmb m`Ầp täk i`cấm,
i`cấm, Ğąmb
iö täk i`cấm, táf ikẳf, ikễf trn bkể `ämb
- Mnvonr oỗm trỗm
trỗm jm m trnmb tk mb jmb, it mk fmb
fmb xồ `k, t`ỳmb
t`ỳmb
oợc vọ tr bkữp
5.? T@M EC
ECMZHMZ
MZHMZ Z_NMB
Z_NMB RHO Z_NMB
Z_NMB E@Ử
5.?.>
5.?
.> Lkat
Lkathr
hr

@ám` 5.?.> Lkathr 
- Lkathr onc bổf m`
m`kỎu
kỎu e`ừe mąmb sảp xẳp t`hc Ğớ p`Ộ okẳm

okẳm,, fộk m`Ẩt, m
e`Ắy, bkỵ tứ t`Ẩp Ğẳm enc `ny tứ enc Ğẳm t`Ẩp vä outtcm e`uyễm trnmb.
5.?.? Jnm` FỨe e
e Uấm T`ẫf
T`ẫf
- Ĕƴụe ZẮc
ZẮc Oồk FỒk I`Ởk
I`Ởk Aä > t`ẹ
t`ẹ jkv
- UỦ jỨmb lahx-oc
lahx-ocx7
x7 jkspany
jkspany77 la
lahx,
hx, lahx-wn
lahx-wnp7
p7 wnp t`
t`uớ
uớee tæm`
tæm` Ğễ jäm `ọmb
`ọmb
mbnmb sm p`f vọ quy m` s sm p`f trỗm fỒk `ämb Ğễ eõ t`ễ e`c bknc jkỂm jỈ
m`ám m`Ẩt vä t`ïm t`kỂm vộk mbƴỖk jûmb
- @kỂu ừmb `cvhr sẶ aäf mỘk oẦt sấm p`ẫf
p`ẫf tƴƮmb ừmb, eỨ t`ễ ồ Ğïy sẶ ậ ocxs`njcw Ğễ ĞỘ õmb vä t`e tỉm` trnmslcrf vọ pcsktkcm i`km sm p`f je` aỗm
trỗm > e`ữt tc s fk a, t`ổe` t`ữ e`c i`ợe` `ọmb

20

 

@ám` 5.?.? Fớt sỞ sấm p`ẫf eỢn trnmb who

5.?.5 Fhm
Fhmu
u trỵk trn
trnmb
mb who

 

@ám` 5.?.5 Fhmu trỵk

21


 

5.5 T@ẬM LCCZH_
LCCZH_ Z_NMB
Z_NMB RHO
RHO

@ám` 5.5. Lccthr trnmb who
- Lccthr aä p`Ảm euỞk
euỞk eûmb eỢn trnmb who eūmb aä mƮk `kễm t`ỉ
t`ỉ t`úmb tkm bkộk
t`kỂu vỎ s`cp eūmb m`ƴ e e`ừe mąmb e`ąf sõe i`ỵe` `ämb, `ƴộmb jẩm e`k tkẳt.
Iẳt mỞk fẮmb xå `ớk m`ƴ lnehocci, kmstnbrnf, ycutuoh i`k eẢm ` tr cmakmh. Oỗm

em` ừ em eừ fồ ^_, akmi tk eợe mb jmb fcokah n ` ku `ọmb bkữp i`ỵe`
`ämb truy eẦp who skth oẾmb ừmb jỨmb.

22


 

E`ƴƮmb :7 IẽZ ^Xắ Z@ỴE @KỌM
:.> BKNC JKỌM
JKỌM Z_NMB
Z_NMB E@Ử
E@Ử

@ám` :.>. Bknc jkỂm Zrnmb e`Ợ
23


 

:.? BKNC JKỌM Z_NMB
Z_NMB E@Ử UNX I@K ĔďMB
ĔďMB M@ạT
M@ạT

@ám` :.?. Zrnmb e`Ợ snu i`k Ğąmb m`Ầp

24

 

:.5 BKNC JKỌM
JKỌM Z_NMB
Z_NMB ĔďMB M@ạT
M@ạT

@ám` :.5. Zrnmb Ğąmb m`Ầp
:.: BKNC JKỌM
JKỌM Z_NMB
Z_NMB ĔďMB IƯ
IƯ

@ám` :.:. Zrnmb Ğąmb iư

25