][ƧộHN ĔẤL AỉE HNGẤL ]AƧƤHN
BAGJ BLHA ]Ẹ ZVỔE ]Ẹ
--------***--------

]LịV IVẩH NLỨJ Bỻ
]ċHN ][ƧỘHN _Ä TAÊ] ][LịH
TAÊ] ][LịH HÝHN HNALỏT EÝHN HNAỏ EJG Ộ 
_Lỏ] HJC0 ]AỴE ][ẤHN _Ä NLẫL TAÊT
T AÊT

Nlấhn vlàh
aƴỒhn mẢh
IỒp tãh eaỌ
Hãc taỺe alỎh

0

]aU. TaẪc Qh
]rƴồhn
0
B]F=:4(;.;/;4;:).:
0

HỜl, tăhn 6 hąc ;4;:

Haõc 4<


 

MJHA UÊEA ]AÄHA _LÀH
Aể vä tàh
 HnuyỆh ]aỂ ]au AuỎ
]rẮh Tajh Baêha Aûj
]rƴƪhn Hnểe Ijh
]rlỎu ]aỂ Ilha
ĔỞ ]au Hnëh
 HnuyỆh ]aỂ ]aðy Hauhn
TaẪc Aổhn Uƪh

Cå sỚ slha vlàh
:<:==;445=
:1:==;44=<
:1:==;44?:
:1:==;44?>
:1:==;4:6>
:1:==;4415
:6:==;44<>


 

CửE IửE
ĔắV.....................................
............................................
............................................
............................................
...........................................:
.....................:

IộL CỘ ĔắV...............
EAƧƤHN : ]ờHN ZVJH _Ễ HÝHN HNALỏT EÝHN HNAỏ EJG..............................;
:.: Baêl hlỎc...............
hlỎc.....................................
............................................
............................................
............................................
............................................;
......................;
:.:.: Eýhn hnaỎ ejg....................
ejg..........................................
............................................
............................................
............................................
.............................
.......;
:.:.; Hýhn hnalỎp eýhn hnaỎ ejg.................
ejg.......................................
............................................
......................................................
................................ ;

:.; ĔlỊu blỎh êp mỦhn...........
mỦhn.................................
............................................
............................................
....................................................
..................................5
....5
:.;.: ĔlỊu blỎh bỼ tauảt...................

tauảt.........................................
............................................
............................................
..............................................
........................ 5
:.;.; ĔlỊu blỎh blha tặ.....................
tặ ...........................................
............................................
............................................
..............................................
........................ =
:.;.5 ĔlỊu blỎh xå aỜl vä cýl trƴồhn.................................................
trƴồhn.......................................................................
.......................................
.................=

:.5 ]ãha eẮh talặt eỮj hýhn hnalỎp eýhn hnaỎ ejg...............
ejg.....................................
............................................
............................=
......=
:.5.: Ĕấc kấg jh hlha iƴƪhn taỺe....................
taỺe..........................................
............................................
.................................................
........................... =
:.5.; ]ąhn sỬe eẪha trjha eag aähn hýhn sấh tràh taỂ trƴồhn................
trƴồhn......................................
...............................
.........6

:.5.5 Hýhn hnalỎp eýhn hnaỎ ejg nầh vỒl paêt trlễh kỊh vủhn.................
vủhn.......................................
.............................
....... 6

:.= CỜt sỚ käl aểe blha hnalỎc bal êp mỦhn hýhn hnalỎp eýhn hnaỎ ejg...........................?
:.=.: CỜt sỚ hỊh hýhn hnalỎp eýhn hnaỎ ejg tràh taặ nlỒl.....................................................? 
nlỒl.....................................................? 
:.=.; Käl aểe blha hnalỎc bal êp mỦhn hýhn hnalỎp eýhn hnaỎ ejg.....................................
ejg................................ ..... <

EAƧƤHN ; ]AỴE ][ẤHN TAÊ] ][LịH HÝHN HNALỏT EÝHN HNAỏ EJG Ộ
_Lỏ] HJC...............
HJC.....................................
............................................
............................................
...................................................................
.............................................:5
:5
;.: Baêl quêt hỊh hýhn hnalỎp _lỎt Hjc...................
Hjc.........................................
............................................
....................................:5
..............:5
;.:.: ĔlỊu blỎh tỺ halàh.................
halàh........................................
.............................................
..................................................................
............................................ :5
;.:.; Nlê trỂ sấh iƴụhn vä Ěõhn nõp väg hỊh blha tặ eỮj hýhn hnalỎp _lỎt Hjc................ :5

;.:.5 Zuy cý vä eƪ eẦu hỊh hýhn hnalỎp _lỎt Hjc..............................................................
Hjc..............................................................:>
;.:.= CỜt sỚ taêea taỬe eỮj hỊh hýhn hnalỎp _lỎt Hjc.......................................................
Hjc.......................................................:<

;.; _jl trû eỮj hýhn hnalỎp eýhn hnaỎ ejg ĚỚl vỒl hýhn hnalỎp hõl rlàhn vä hỊh blha tặ
_lỎt Hjc hõl eauhn...............................................
eauhn.....................................................................
...............................................................
...........................................:<
..:<
;.5 ]auảh iụl vä baõ baąh bal taỺe alỎh hýhn hnalỎp eýhn hnaỎ ejg ỗ _lỎt Hjc..........;;
;.5.: ]auảh iụl.....................
iụl...........................................
............................................
............................................
........................................................
.................................. ;;


 

baąh................................
............................................
............................................
............................................
........................................
.......................
..... ;;
;.5.; Bã baąh..........


;.= ]ậha tỺu vä aẪh eaặ bal taỺe alỎh hýhn hnalỎp eýhn hnaỎ ejg ỗ _lỎt Hjc............;=
Hjc............ ;=
;.=.: ]ậha tỺu.................
tỺu.......................................
............................................
............................................
.............................................
.....................................
..............;=
;.=.; AẪh eaặ..................
eaặ........................................
............................................
............................................
........................................................
.......................................
..... 54

EAƧƤHN 5 NLẫL TĂT TĂ] ][LịH HÝHN HNALỏT EÝHN HNAỏ EJG Ộ _Lỏ]
HJC...................................
HJC.............
............................................
............................................
............................................
..........................................................
....................................55
55
5.: ĔỂha aƴỒhn paêt trlễh hỊh hýhn hnalỎp hõl eauhn vä hỊh hýhn hnalỎp eýhn hnaỎ ejg
hõl rlàhn.........
rlàhn...............................

............................................
............................................
............................................
.....................................................
..................................55
...55
5.:.: CỦe tlàu......................
tlàu............................................
............................................
............................................
............................................
...................................
............. 55
5.:.; ĔỂha aƴỒhn..........
aƴỒhn................................
............................................
............................................
.............................................
......................................
..................
... 55

5.; Nlấl paêp paêt trlễh hýhn hnalỎp eýhn hnaỎ ejg tẪl _lỎt Hjc....................................56
5.;.: Hãc nlấl păp ĚỜt pă.............
pă...................................
............................................
............................................
.........................................
...................56
5.;.; Hãc nlấl paêp aỞ trụ paêt trlễh......................................................

trlễh............................................................................
.............................
....... 51

BẸ] IVẩH..............
IVẩH....................................
............................................
............................................
............................................
..............................................=:
........................=:
]ÄL ILỏV ]AJC BAẫG...............
BAẫG.....................................
............................................
............................................
...........................................
.....................=;
=;


 

 MJHA CửE AÉHA _ẹ
sấhh xuẦt vä eƪ eẦu hnäha Hýhn hnalỎp _lỎt Hjc....................
Hjc......................................
......................:1
....:1
 Kấhn :0 Nlê trỂ sấ

MJHA CửE KẫHN

 Aéha :0 Klễu Ěổ vỊ eƪ eẦu blha tặ eỮj _lỎt Hjc tafg hnäha nljl ĚgẪh ;4:;-;4;4 (Ĕƪh
( Ĕƪh vỂ0
%)........................................
%)..................
............................................
............................................
............................................
.............................................
...................................
............:=
:=
 Aéha ;0 Klễu Ěổ vỊ tỚe ĚỜ tąhn trƴỗhn eỮj hnäha Hýhn hnalỎp vä cỬe ĚỜ Ěõhn nõp väg tỚe
ĚỜ tąhn trƴỗhn eauhn nljl ĚgẪh ;4:; - ;4;4 (Ĕƪh vỂ0 %)......................................................:6
 Aéha 50 Klễu Ěổ vỊ blc hnẪea
hnẪea xuẦt baẬu hýhn sấh
sấh eỮj _lỎt Hjc nljl ĚgẪh
ĚgẪh ;4:=-;4;4.........:? 
 Aéha =0 Klễu Ěổ vỊ tỚe ĚỜ tąhn
tąhn trƴỗhn eỮj hnäha
hnäha Hýhn hnalỎp
hnalỎp nljl ĚgẪh.............................;4
ĚgẪh........................... ..;4
 Aéha 60 Klễu Ěổ vỊ tỚe ĚỜ tąhn trƴỗhn ]OT eỮj hýhn hnalỎp _lỎt Hjc nljl ĚgẪh ;44;-;4:? 
............................................
.....................
.............................................
............................................
............................................
..........................................................
....................................;4

;4
 Aéha ?0 Cý aéha huýl
huýl týc trghn haä bãha tẪl KẪe Ilàu..................................
Ilàu..........................................................
.........................;6
.;6
 Aéha >0 AỎ taỚhn rju
rju trghn haä cähn
cähn eỮj ]ảp Ěgäh
Ěgäh ]A.....................................
]A........................................................;? 
...................;? 
 Aéha 10 Cý aéha trổhn
trổhn hẦc Ửhn mỦhn
mỦhn eýhn hnaỎ ejg tẪl Iëc Ĕổhn......................................
Ĕổhn......................................;> 
;> 
 Aéha <0 ]rjhn trẪl
trẪl huýl kû eýhn hnaỎ
hnaỎ 6 sjg ỗ ]ajha
]ajha Aõj..................................
Aõj......................................................;1
....................;1


 

IộL CỘ ĔắV
]rghn haủhn hąc nẮh Ěëy, rẦt halỊu eêe quỚe nlj tràh taặ nlỒl ĚỊu Ějhn aƴỒhn tỒl
vlỎe paêt trlễh hýhn hnalỎp tafg aƴỒhn eýhn hnalỎp aõj - alỎh ĚẪl ãj. Kàh eẪha e quỚe

nlj vẢh ẻh Ějhn păt trlễh hýhn hnalỎp tafg aƴỒhn truyỊh taỚhn, Ěå eõ baýhn ãt quỚe nlj kầt
ĚẮu tlặp eảh vỒl hỊh hýhn hnalỎp eaẦt iƴụhn ejg haẺc cỦe Ěãea hëhn ejg alỎu quấ vä eaẦt
iƴụhn hýhn hnalỎp.
’Hýhn hnalỎp eýhn hnaỎ ejg– baýhn eûh iä cỜt baêl hlỎc cỒl cẲ vỒl halỊu hƴỒe
tràh taặ nlỒl haƴ CỼ, Lsrjfi, Haảt Kấh....]uy halàh ĚỚl vỒl _lỎt Hjc vlỎe paêt trlễh hỊh hýhn
hnalỎp tafg aƴỒhn eýhn hnaỎ ejg vẢh eûh Ějhn ỗ haủhn kƴỒe ĚẮu. HƴỒe tj Ěå qufh eêea iäc
truyỊh taỚhn vỒl haủhn hỊh hýhn hnalỎp tặc ejha ẽ quy cý haệ iẲ, talặu tảp truhn. Ĕõ
eŬhn iä ió mg hỊh hýhn hnalỎp _lỎt Hjc vẢh eûh ealặc tỌ trểhn haệ trghn eƪ eẦu blha tặ (_Ị
eƪ eẦu blha tặ hąc ;4:<, bau vỺe hýhn, iëc hnalỎp vä taỮy sấh ealặc tỾ trểhn :5,bau vỺe eýhn hnalỎp vä xëy mỺhn ealặc 5=,=<%2 bau vỺe mỂea vỦ ealặc =:,?=%). ĔẾe klỎt,
hýhn sấh hƴỒe tj vẢh eaỌ taëc haảp taỂ trƴồhn hƴỒe hngäl vỒl eaẦt iƴụhn sấh paẬc eaƴj ejg,
eaƴj Ěêp Ửhn Ěƴụe yàu eẮu baầt baf eỮj halỊu hƴỒe tràh taặ nlỒl. Ĕëy iä cỜt trghn haủhn
hnuh hặh eẫha balặh eag _lỎt Hjc êp mỦhn hỊh hýhn hnalỎp eýhn hnaỎ ejg väg sấh
xuẦt. _lỎe êp mỦhn hýhn hnalỎp eýhn hnaỎ ejg iä paƴƪhn paêp alỎu quấ nlðp hëhn ejg eaẦt
iƴụhn hýhn sấh tlàu mühn hỜl ĚỂj vä xuẦt baẬu rj taỂ trƴồhn taặ nlỒl. Taêt trlàh hýhn hnalỎp
tafg aƴỒhn eýhn hnaỎ ejg iä cỜt vẦh ĚỊ eẮh talặt ĚỚl vỒl hỊh hýhn hnalỎp _lỎt Hjc hõl
rlàhn vä eấ hỊh blha tặ hõl eauhn. Eaãha vé taặ Ěễ téc alễu sëu aƪh vỊ taỺe trẪhn vä nlấl păp
eag hýhn hnalỎp hn hnaỎ ejg ỗ _lỎt Hjc, hãc < quyặt ĚỂha iỺj eaểh ĚỊ täl0 ’Taêt trlễh
hýhn hnalỎp eýhn hnaỎ ejg ỗ _lỎt Hjc0 ]aỺe trẪhn vä nlấl păp–.
Käl tlễu iuảh eỮj hãc 4< sẳ Ěƴj rj l haéh tỖhn qujh vỊ hỊh hýhn hnalỎp eýhn hnaỎ
ejg. Uju Ěõ Ěƴj rj kỬe trjha vỊ hỊh hýhn hnalỎp eýhn hnaỎ ejg ỗ _lỎt Hjc alỎh hjy vä
haủhn taêea taỬe eaðhn tj Ějhn nẾp paấl. Zujh trểhn aƪh, haõc sẳ Ěƴj rj cỜt sỚ nlấl paêp
ĚỊ nlấl quyặt eŬhn haƴ taðe ĚẬy hýhn hnalỎp eaẦt iƴụhn ejg ỗ _lỎt Hjc. Hýhn hnalỎp eýhn
hnaỎ ejg eõ vjl trû rẦt iỒh trghn vlỎe eauyàh mỂea eƪ eẮu hýhn hnalỎp eŬhn haƴ hëhn ejg eaẦt
iƴụhn hýhn hnalỎp. Ĕëy eaãha iä kƴỒe taðe ĚẬy _lỎt Hjc trỗ tậha cỜt quỚe nlj ẽ hỊh hýhn
hnalỎp paêt trlễh tràh taặ nlỒl. ]rghn bauýh baỖ aẪh aẼp eỮj cỜt käl tlễu iuảh, eaầe eaầh
haõc fc sẳ baýhn trêha baệl haủhn sjl sõt vä talặu taýhn tlh. _é vảy eaðhn fc rẦt cghn
haảh Ěƴụe haủhn iồl Ěêha nlê vä Ěõhn nõp ó blặh tỢ eý Ěễ käl tlễu iuảh Ěƴụe agäh talỎh aƪh.
Ehn fc xlh eặh tậha eấc ƪh!
]rjhn :



 

EAƧƤHN : ]ờHN ZVJH _Ễ HÝHN HNALỏT EÝHN HNAỏ EJG
:.: Baêl hlỎc
:.:.: Eýhn hnaỎ ejg
]afg Iuảt Eýhn hnaỎ ejg (;441)0 ’hn hnaỎ ejg iä hn hnaỎ ẽ ậc iƴụhn ejg vỊ
hnalàh eỬu bagj aểe vä paêt trlễh eýhn hnaỎ2 Ěƴụe tãea aụp tỢ taäha tỺu bagj aểe vä eýhn
hnaỎ alỎh ĚẪl2 tẪg rj sấh paẬc eõ eaẦt iƴụhn, tãha hąhn vƴụt trỜl, nlê trỂ nlj tąhn ejg, taëh
talỎh vỒl cýl trƴồhn2 ẽ vjl trû qujh trểhn ĚỚl vỒl vlỎe ắha tậha hnäha sấh xuẦt, mỂea vỦ
cỒl agẾe alỎh ĚẪl ãj hnäha sấh xuẦt, mỂea vỦ alỎh ẽ–.
AlỎh hjy, Hậ hƴỒe Ějhn tảp truhn ĚẮu tƴ paêt trlễh eýhn hnaỎ ejg trghn = iĬha vỺe
eaỮ yặu iä0


Eýhn hnaỎ taýhn tlh



Eýhn hnaỎ slha aểe



Eýhn hnaỎ vảt ilỎu cỒl



Eýhn hnaỎ tỺ ĚỜhn aõj


]réha ĚỜ hn hnaỎ ejg ẽ taễ pặh tậha = cỬe ĚỜ0 eýhn hnaỎ alỎh ĚẪl, eýhn hnaỎ
tlàh tlặh, eýhn hnaỎ truhn kéha tlàh tlặh, eýhn hnaỎ truhn kéha. ]rghn Ěõ, eýhn hnaỎ alỎh ĚẪl
iä eýhn hnaỎ Ěå paỚl aụp, sợ mỦhn eêe taäha tỺu eỮj eýhn hnaỎ taýhn tlh, eýhn hnaỎ slha aểe,
eýhn hnaỎ vảt ilỎu cỒl.
:.:.; Hýhn hnalỎp eýhn hnaỎ ejg
:.:.;.: Baêl hlỎc
]afg _Ủ Bagj aểe Eýhn hnaỎ - KỜ Hýhn hnalỎp vä Taêt trlễh hýhn taýh0 ’Hýhn
hnalỎp Ửhn mỦhn eýhn hnaỎ ejg iä hỊh hýhn hnalỎp Ěƴụe êp mỦhn haủhn eýhn hnaỎ cỒl väg
sấh xuẦt, kjg nổc0 eýhn hnalỎp ãj hýhn hnalỎp (eƪ nlỒl ãj e bặu eỮj
e Ữj quê tréha sấh xuẦt,
tau agẪea, sƪ eaặ, eaặ klặh…), tỺ ĚỜhn aõj, eýhn hnaỎ taýhn tlh, eýhn hnaỎ vảt ilỎu cỒl,
eýhn hnaỎ slha aểe vä eêe nlỚhn eëy trổhn, nlỚhn vảt huýl eõ hąhn suẦt vä eaẦt iƴụhn eejg,
jg, ĚẪt
alỎu quấ blha tặ ejg tràh cỜt Ěƪh vỂ mlỎh tãea vä paêt trlễh kỊh vủhn tràh eƪ sỗ ejha têe aủu
eƪ–.
]rghn hýhn hnalỎp, băl hlỎc ’hn hnaỎ ejg– ắha taäha, sợ mỦhn rỜhn rål iä sỺ bặt
aụp vä Ửhn mỦhn eêe eýhn hnaỎ tràh Ěễ hëhn ejg alỎu quấ trghn sấh xuẦt hýhn hnalỎp haẺc
tẪg rj kƴỒe ĚỜt paê vỊ hąhn suẦt, eaẦt iƴụhn ậhn ãj, taệj cåh hau eẮu hnäy eähn ejg eỮj
egh hnƴồl, ĚẾe klỎt iä Ěấc kấg sỺ paêt trlễh hýhn hnalỎp kỊh vủhn.

:.:.;.;
:.:.
;.; Klặh sỚ Ěg
Ěg iƴồhn
]rjhn ;


 

Klễu alỎh eỮj eýhn hnaỎ ejg trghn hýhn hnalỎp Ěƴụe Ěg iƴồhn quj klặh sỚ ]OT (hąhn

suẦt eêe yặu tỚ tỖhn aụp) trghn hýhn hnalỎp.
 Hąhn suẦt eêe yặu tỚ tỖhn aụp (nểl tầt iä ]OT) trghn hýhn hnalỎp iä bặt quấ sấh xuẦt
cjhn iẪl mg hëhn ejg alỎu quấ sợ mỦhn täl sấh eỚ ĚỂha vä ijg ĚỜhn agẾe eêe hặh tỚ aủu ắha
haồ väg têe ĚỜhn eỮj e hặh tỚ vý ắha haƴ ĚỖl cỒl hn hnaỎ, aụp ió aõj sấh xuẦt, eấl
tlặh quấh ió, hëhn ejg tréha ĚỜ ijg ĚỜhn eỮj eýhn haëh …. ]Ớe ĚỜ tąhn ]OT Ěƴụe Ěg kẺhn tỌ
iỎ tąhn iàh eỮj bặt quấ sấh xuẦt hýhn hnalỎp mg hëhn ejg hąhn suẦt eỮj eêe haëh tỚ tỖhn aụp.
EaỌ tlàu tỚe ĚỜ tąhn ]OT trghn hýhn hnalỎp paấh êha tgäh mlỎh vỊ ealỊu sëu eỮj quê
tréha sấh xuẦt, blha mgjha hýhn hnalỎp. EaỌ eõ tąhn trƴỗhn haồ väg tąhn ]OT cỒl iä sỺ tąhn
trƴỗhn eõ tãha eaẦt Ỗh ĚỂha vä kỊh vủhn, hnuổh tąhn ]OT trghn hýhn hnalỎp eaỮ yặu mỺj väg
6 yặu tỚ eaãha0 eaẦt iƴụhn ijg ĚỜhn hýhn hnalỎp2 tajy ĚỖl hau eẮu aähn aõj, mỂea vỦ2 tajy ĚỖl
eƪ eẦu vỚh2 tajy ĚỖl eƪ eẦu blha tặ vä êp mỦhn tlặh kỜ bỼ tauảt. ]Ỿ iỎ tąhn iàh eỮj ]OT taễ
alỎh hëhn ejg eaẦt iƴụhn tąhn trƴỗhn, alỎu quấ vä sỬe eẪha trjha eỮj hỊh hýhn hnalỎp.

:.; ĔlỊu blỎh êp mỦhn
AlỎh hjy, eêe eƪ qujh eaỬe hąhn trghn hnäha hýhn hnalỎp vẢh eaƴj Ěƴj rj eêe tlàu
eaã, ĚlỊu blỎh êp mỦhn hýhn hnalỎp hn hnaỎ ejg. Mg Ěõ, ẽ halỊu ó blặh xuhn qujha vẦh ĚỊ
häy. Eõ ó blặh eag rẺhn trghn hýhn hnalỎp eýhn hnaỎ ejg Ěƴụe alễu Ěƪh nlấh iä ejg aƪh
haủhn né tj Ějhn iäc, êp mỦhn cỜt sỚ eýhn hnaỎ haƴ eaặ paẬc slha aểe, paûhn trỢ sëu kỎha,
eaąc kõh… _Ồl eêea alễu häy, tüy väg sỺ paêt trlễh eỮj iỺe iƴụhn ijg ĚỜhn cỞl vühn clỊh
cä eýhn hnaỎ êp mỦhn tẪl eühn taồl Ělễc sẳ Ěƴụe Ěêha nlê băe haju, ĚlỊu häy sẳ nëy bã
baąh bal Ěƴj väg Ửhn mỦhn. _é vảy, cỜt sỚ tlàu eaã vỊ hýhn hnalỎp Ửhn mỦhn eýhn hnaỎ ejg
Ěå Ěƴụe Ěƴj rj haƴ0
:.:.: ĔlỊu blỎh bỼ tauảt 
 HỊh hýhn hnalỎp ậhn ãj sợ mỦhn eýhn hnaỎ tlàh tlặh (eýhn hnaỎ häy Ěƴụe tẪg rj
trghn hƴỒe agẾe haảp baẬu) Ěấc kấg tąhn hąhn suẦt ijg ĚỜhn hýhn hnalỎp kẺhn agẾe iỒh aƪh
54% sg vỒl eýhn hnaỎ Ějhn sợ mỦhn. Ĕễ ĚẪt Ěƴụe hąhn suẦt Ěõ paỦ tauỜe väg vlỎe eƪ nlỒl
aõj tỖhn aụp vä sợ mỦhn eêe paƴƪhn tlỎh tỺ ĚỜhn, eỦ taễ iä eƪ nlỒl ãj bặu iäc ĚẦt kẺhn
cêy bìg ĚẪt tỾ iỎ <4% Ěặh <6%, pauh tauỚe paûhn, eaỚhn mỂea kỎha kẺhn cêy eõ ĚỜhn eƪ 
=4% Ěặh 14%2 tỾ iỎ eƪ nlỒl aõj baëu nẾt, Ěảp kẺhn cêy ilàh aụp ĚẪt 54% Ěặh ?4%2 tƴỒl tlàu
 kẺhn cêy eýhn suẦt iỒh, sƪ eaặ hýhn sấh kêh tỺ ĚỜhn, eaặ klặh hýhn sấh kẺhn cêy tỺ ĚỜhn

ĚẪt tỾ iỎ <4-:4
<4-:44%,
4%, sợ mỦhn eýhn hnaỎ tlàh tlặh Ěễ nlấc 64% eýhn ijg ĚỜhn trỗ iàh, sợ mỦhn
eýhn eỦ nlfg nlấc ?4% eal paã nlỚhn…

]rjhn 5


 

:.:.; ĔlỊu blỎh blha tặ 
Uấh paẬc hýhn hnalỎp eýhn hnaỎ ejg paấl eõ alỎu quấ blha tặ ejg ãt haẦt 54% sg vỒl
sấh paẬc Ěƴụe sấh xuẦt rj vỒl eýhn hnaỎ alỎh Ějhn sợ mỦhn vä sấh paẬc hýhn hnalỎp eýhn
hnaỎ ejg paấl eõ sỬe eẪha trjha ejg tràh taỂ trƴồhn.
Taƴƪhn taỬe tỖ eaỬe sấh xuẦt tlàh tlặh, tƴ muy sấh xuẦt, blha mgjha trghn hýhn hnalỎp
tafg paghn eêea eýhn hnalỎp iä yàu eẮu qujh trểhn baýhn eaỌ ĚỚl vỒl hnƴồl hýhn mëh, cä
eûh ĚỚl vỒl eêe eêh kỜ quấh ió hnäha hýhn hnalỎp, h kỜ vä hn hặh eỮj eêe mgjha
hnalỎp. Hýhn mëh paấl tlặp eảh Ěƴụe haủhn yàu eẮu bỼ tauảt, cỬe ĚẮu tƴ, tréha ĚỜ quấh ió
ejg aƪh sg vỒl iỚl ejha têe paỖ taýhn. Mgjha hnalỎp hýhn hnalỎp eýhn hnaỎ ejg paấl tẪg rj
sấh paẬc tỚt, hąhn suẦt alỎu quấ nẦp ; iẮh trỗ iàh. _ühn hýhn hnalỎp Ửhn mỦhn eýhn hnaỎ
ejg eõ hąhn suẦt vä alỎu quấ tąhn kẺhn agẾe iỒh aƪh 56% trỗ iàh sg vỒl eýhn hnaỎ Ějhn sợ
mỦhn.
:.:.5 ĔlỊu blỎh xå aỜl vä cýl trƴồhn 
 Hýhn hnalỎp eýhn hnaỎ ejg paấl tẪg rj halỊu vlỎe iäc, xõj Ěõl nlấc hnaág, hëhn eejg
jg
Ěồl sỚhn hnƴồl ijg ĚỜhn, xëy mỺhn hýhn taýh cỒl.
 Hýhn hnalỎp eýhn hnaỎ ejg taëh talỎh vỒl cýl trƴồhn, kấg tổh vä paêt trlễh eaẦt
iƴụhn cýl trƴồhn. Cýl trƴồhn hýhn hnalỎp hýhn taýh hƴỒe tj Ějhn eaỂu ý halỆc hnäy eähn
iỒh eŬhn vỒl sỬe ìp vỊ hau eẮu eỮj haủhn sấh paẬc hýhn sấh sẪea, Ěấc kấg eaẦt iƴụhn vỎ
slha jh tgäh taỺe paẬc eag hnƴồl tlàu mühn hỜl ĚỂj vä xuẦt baẬu. _Ầh ĚỊ cýl trƴồhn eỮj

hýhn hnalỎp eýhn hnaỎ ejg paấl ẽ tỾ iỎ talặt kỂ xợ ió ý halỆc cýl trƴồhn tỢ 56% Ěặh 64%
vä aéha taỬe tỖ eaỬe sấh xuẦt tafg aƴỒhn Ửhn mỦhn eýhn hnaỎ ejg trghn hýhn hnalỎp iä tlàu
eaã vý eühn qujh trểhn haẺc nõp paẮh nlấl quyặt haủhn vẦh ĚỊ xå aỜl vä cýl trƴồhn.

:.5 ]ãha eẮh talặt eỮj hýhn hnalỎp eýhn hnaỎ ejg
:.:.: Ĕấc kấg jh hlha iƴƪhn taỺe
 HỊh hýhn hnalà    p
  ̥ eýhn hnaỎ ejg nlðp Ěấc kấg jh hlha iƴƪhn taỺe eag eêe quỚe nlj.
_Ầh ĚỊ jh hlha iƴƪhn taỺe iuýh iä cý  t ̥ vẦh ĚỊ Ěêhn qujh tëc eỮj aẮu aặt eêe hƴỒe tràh taặ
nlỒl. Hnäy hjy, eêe hƴỒe Ějhn mẮh tlặh Ěặh vlà  e̥ sấh xuẦt iƴƪhn taỺe haẺc cỦe Ěãea xuẦt
baëu. ]rƴỒe
]rƴỒe aặt eẮh Ěấc kấg hnuổh iƴƪhn taỺe mỺ trủ trghn hƴỒe. Taêt trlễh hýh
hýhnn hnalà p̥
eýhn hnaỎ ejg sẳ iä cý  t ̥ kƴỒe tlặh qujh trểhn trghn vẦh ĚỊ Ěấc kấg jh hlha iƴƪhn taỺe.
 Hnalàh eỬu eỮj eêe haä bagj aểe :5 hƴỒe aähn ĚẮu taặ nlỒl vỢj Ěƴụe eýhn kỚ ỗ 
Ighmgh eŬhn baẵhn ĚỂha vjl trû vä trêea halỎc eỮj bagj aểe trghn vlỎe hnąh eaẾh baỮhn
agấhn cýl trƴồhn, Ěấc kấg euhn eẦp iƴƪhn taỺe eaẦt iƴụhn vä nlấc têe ĚỜhn eỮj klặh ĚỖl
baã aảu. Bagấhn :,5 tỾ tẦh iƴƪhn taỺe aähn hąc, ealặc :/5 sấh iƴụhn iƴƪhn taỺe Ěễ huýl
sỚhn egh hnƴồl tràh tgäh eẮu, Ějhn kỂ tỖh taẦt agẾe kỂ iåhn paã. Eaãha vé taặ vẦh ĚỊ hýhn
]rjhn =


 

hnalà    p
  ̥ eýhn hnaỎ ejg eõ vjl trû taðe ĚẬy sấh iƴụhn iƴƪhn taỺe, tỢ Ěõ Ěấc kấg eëh kẺhn
iƴƪhn taỺe quỚe nlj.
 Haƴ vë y̥ hýhn
hýhn hna
hnalà

là p̥ eýhn hnaỎ ejg eõ cýt̥ vỂ trã qujh trểh
trểhnn trghn vlàe̥ Ěấc kấg jh
hlha iƴƪhn taỺe trƴỒe haủhn taêea taỬe vỊ cýl trƴồhn vä mëh sỚ taặ nlỒl. Hýhn hnalà   p̥ eýhn
hnaỎ ejg sẳ iä kƴỒe Ěà  c̥ Ěấc kấg hnuổh iƴƪhn taỺe mỺ trủ eŬhn haƴ euhn Ửhn eag xuẦt baẬu
eỮj quỚe nlj.
:.:.; ]ąhn sỬe eẪha trjha eag aähn hýhn sấh tràh taỂ trƴồhn 
Eêe sấh paẬc hýhn sấh hnäy eähn paấl ĚỚl cẾt vỒl eêe räg eấh taƴƪhn cẪl mg eêe
hƴỒe haảp baẬu talặt iảp mƴỒl ắha taỬe eaỚhn kêh pă nlê vä eaỚhn trụ eẦp haẺc blễc sgêt
taỂ paẮh vä kấg aỜ sấh xuẦt trghn hƴỒe. Haủhn trỗ hnẪl tràh Ěå trỺe tlặp iäc nlấc sỺ eẪha
trjha kéha Ěẵhn eỮj hýhn sấh tràh taỂ trƴồhn taặ nlỒl. Eõ taễ taẦy rö vjl trû qujh trểhn eỮj
hýhn hnalỎp eýhn hnaỎ ejg trghn iỜ tréha tąhn sỬe eẪha trjha eỮj hýhn sấh.
Ơễ ẽ taễ eẪha trjha tràh taỂ trƴồhn taặ nlỒl tắ ĚlỊu eỚt iưl iä tąhn hąhn suẦt vä hëhn
ejg eaẦt iƴụhn sấh paẬc. CuỚh vảy eẮh eấl tẪg, paêt trlễh eêe igẪl nlỚhn eõ hąhn suẦt ejg vä
êp mỦhn tlặh kỜ bagj aểe - bỼ tauảt, tỖ eaỬe iẪl sấh xuẦt Ěễ tẪg sỬe cẪha euhn eẦp eag taỂ
trƴồhn haủhn iý aähn hýhn sấh "rj tẦc rj clặhn". ]aỺe alỎh eƪ nlỒl aõj, alỎh ĚẪl ãj, xëy
mỺhn vühn hnuh ilỎu nầh vỒl hậ cêy eaặ klặh vä taỺe alỎh Ěj mẪhn aõj sấh paẬc. Taêt
trlễh eêe mgjha hnalỎp, aụp têe xå eỖ paẮh hýhn hnalỎp, quj Ěõ ắha tậha vühn sấh xuẦt
ậhn ãj iỒh trghn hýhn hnalỎp. Egl Ěëy iä kƴỒe Ěl eẦp kêea eỮj hýhn hnalỎp taồl aỜl haảp.
:.:.5 Hýhn hnalỎp eýhn hnaỎ ejg nầh vỒl paêt trlễh kỊh vủhn 
Taêt trlễh hýhn hnalỎp kỊh vủhn iä cỜt eẦu taäha qujh trểhn eỮj paêt trlễh kỊh vủhn.
Taêt trlễh hýhn hnalỎp kỊh vủhn Ěƴụe alễu cỜt eêea baêl quêt iä0 hëhn ejg eaẦt iƴụhn cýl
trƴồhn vä hnuổh iỺe Ěƴụe mühn trghn hýhn hnalỎp haẺc tagấ cåh hau eẮu hýhn sấh eag egh
hnƴồl vä hau eẮu hnuyàh ilỎu eag eýhn hnalỎp, Ěấc kấg baấ tal vỊ blha tặ Ěl Ěýl vỒl hëhn ejg
eaẦt iƴụhn euỜe sỚhn eag hýhn mëh vä hnýhn taýhn trghn mäl aẪh.
 HỊh hýhn hnalỎp eýhn hnaỎ ejg nầh vỒl paêt trlễh kỊh vủhn iä hỊh hýhn hnalỎp păt
trlễh tràh eƪ sỗ tặc ejha ejg hỊh hýhn hnalỎp eýhn hnaỎ ejg eŬhn Ěƴụe xêe ĚỂha haƴ cỜt
nlấl paêp Ěêp Ửhn yàu eẮu paêt trlễh kỊh vủhn bal Ěổhn taồl aƴỒhn tỒl eêe cỦe tlàu alỎu quấ
ejg vỊ blha tặ, xå aỜl vä kấg vỎ cýl trƴồhn. ]Ẫl _lỎt Hjc, trghn haủhn nljl ĚgẪh vỢj quj,
quê tréha eýhn hnalỎp agê, Ěý taỂ agê Ějhn mlỆh rj cẪha cẳ, tẪg hàh êp iỺe hnäy eähn ejg
trghn bajl taêe, sợ mỦhn eêe hnuổh täl hnuyàh, ĚẾe klỎt täl hnuyàh ĚẦt, hƴỒe…. ]rghn kỚl

eấha Ěõ, hýhn hnalỎp eýhn hnaỎ ejg iä yàu eẮu paêt trlễh tẦt yặu haẺc nõp paẮh hëhn ejg
alỎu quấ sấh xuẦt vä nlấc talễu eêe êp iỺe trghn bajl taêe sợ mỦhn täl hnuyàh talàh halàh, kấg
vỎ cýl trƴồhn slha taêl.
]rjhn 6


 

:.= CỜt sỚ käl aểe blha hnalỎc bal êp mỦhn
mỦhn hýhn hnalỎp eýhn hnaỎ
hnaỎ ejg
:.:.: CỜt sỚ hỊh hýhn hnalỎp eýhn hnaỎ ejg tràh taặ nlỒl 
:.:.: HỊh hýhn hnalỎp Lsrjfi
KẦt eaẦp ĚlỊu blỎh ĚỂj ió bhn tẫea aụp eag hýhn hnalỎp, Lsrjfi iä cỜt haä xuẦt
baẬu iỒh eỮj taặ nlỒl vỊ hýhn sấh vä ĚỬhn aähn ĚẮu vỊ eýhn hnaỎ trghn hýhn hnalỎp. Aƪh
cỜt hợj mlỎh tãea ĚẦt iä sj cẪe, ĚlỊu blỎh baã aảu baầe hnalỎt vä talặu hƴỒe agäh tgäh baýhn
taãea aụp eag hýhn hnalỎp. ]ãha Ěặh hąc ;4:=, ;=,;% mlỎh tãea Lsrjfi iä ĚẦt hýhn hnalỎp.
AlỎh hjy, hýhn hnalỎp ealặc ;,6% tỖhn NMT vä 5,?% nlê trỂ xuẦt baẬu. CẾe mü ijg ĚỜhn
trghn hýhn hnalỎp eaỌ ealặc 5,>% tỖhn iỺe iƴụhn ijg ĚỜhn trghn hƴỒe, Lsrjfi tỺ sấh xuẦt
Ěƴụe <6% hau eẮu taỺe paẬc, paẮh eûh iẪl Ěƴụe kỖ suhn tỢ vlỎe haảp baẬu hnŬ eỚe, eêe igẪl
aẪt iẦy mẮu, taỂt, ệ pầ, ej ejg, Ěƴồhn.
 CỜt sỚ taäha tỺu
tỺu hỖl kảt0
 Aéha taỬe tỖ eaỬe hýhn hnalỎp
hnalỎp00 TaẮh iỒh hýhn hnalỎp eỮj Lsrjfi Ěƴụe tỖ eaỬe tafg



aéha taỬe aụp têe xå, ắha tậha tỢ e taảp bỾ ĚẮu eỮj taặ bỾ ;4. ]aðe ĚẬy kỗl eấ ó tƴỗhn vä
agäh eấha taỺe tặ, eêe haä tlàh paghn Ěå tẪg rj ajl aéha taỬe hýhn hnalỎp cỒl0 blkkuttz, cỜt

eỜhn Ěổhn tảp taễ vỒl paƴƪhn tlỎh sấh xuẦt eauhn vä cỞl tậha vlàh Ěƴụe aƴỗhn iụl ãea tỢ
hn vlỎe eỮj eẫha céha vä cgsajv, blễu aụp têe xå eỮj iähn trghn Ěõ cỞl taäha vlàh sợ
mỦhn ĚẦt eỮj céha Ěễ sấh xuẦt, haƴhn ĚẮu väg vä ĚẮu rj (bễ eấ cjrbftlhn) Ěƴụe taỺe alỎh tảp
taễ, tafg cỜt ĚẮu cỚl. Hnäy hjy, sấh iƴụhn hýhn hnalỎp eỮj eêe
e êe aụp têe xå häy vẢh ealặc Ěj
sỚ êp Ěấg trghn sấh xuẦt hýhn hnalỎp, bễ eấ paỦe vỦ taỂ tr
trƴồhn
ƴồhn hỜl ĚỂj iẢh xuẦt baẬu.


Zuấh ió ĚẦt Ějl0
Ějl 0 ĔẦt Ějl ỗ Lsrjfi Ěƴụe hậ hƴỒe quấh ió rẦt eaẾt eaẳ vä Ěƴụe tảh mỦhn

trlỎt Ěễ. Lsrjfi Ěl tlàh paghn tràh taặ nlỒl trghn iĬha vỺe eấl tẪg ĚẦt agjhn cẪe, sj cẪe taäha
ĚẦt hýhn hnalỎp trü pað. Uju quê tréha eấl tẪg häy, ĚẦt agjhn cẪe klặh taäha ĚẦt hýhn hnalỎp
vä Ěƴụe nljg eag eêe eaỮ ĚẦt Ěễ tlặh aäha sấh xuẦt. Mg vảy, kƴỒe väg taặ bỾ QQL, Lsrjfi iä
hƴỒe muy haẦt tràh taặ nlỒl Ěå cỗ rỜhn Ěƴụe mlỎh tãea rỢhn vä quỼ ĚẦt hýhn hnalỎp.


 ĔẮu tƴ [&M vä Ửhn mỦhn bagj aểe eýhn hnaỎ alỎh ĚẪl trghn sấh xuẦt hýhn hnalỎp
hnalỎp00

Eêe Ửhn mỦhn [&M eõ ĚỂha aƴỒhn trghn hýhn hnalỎp Ěå Ěƴụe tlặh aäha tẪl Lsrjfi tỢ ĚẮu taặ
bỾ ;4. IĬha vỺe hýhn hnalỎp alỎh hjy eỮj hƴỒe häy aẮu haƴ nầh eaẾt vỒl bagj aểe vä eýhn
hnaỎ, vỒl eêe tỖ eaỬe Eaãha paỮ, eêe vlỎh hnalàh eỬu, eýhn hnalỎp vä aụp têe xå. ĔỚl cẾt vỒl
aähn igẪt eêe vẦh ĚỊ, tỢ nlỚhn ml truyỊh, blễc sgêt kỎha mỂea tỒl ejha têe tràh ĚẦt eẺh, [&M
trghn hýhn hnalỎp eỮj Lsrjfi Ěå paêt trlễh eêe eýhn hnaỎ Ěễ tẪg rj sỺ klặh eauyễh hngẪh cỦe
baýhn eaỌ trghn sỚ iƴụhn cä eấ eaẦt iƴụhn eêe sấh paẬc hýhn hnalỎp eỮj ĚẦt hƴỒe. ]aýhn
quj cẪhn iƴỒl mỂea vỦ cỗ rỜhn hýhn hnalỎp, eêe vẦh ĚỊ trghn hýhn hnalỎp Ěƴụe eauyễh trỺe


]rjhn ?


 

tlặp tỒl eêe haä hnalàh eỬu Ěễ blặc téc nlấl paêp. ]Ợ Ěõ, eêe bặt quấ hnalàh eỬu bagj aểe
eŬhn Ěƴụe hajha eaõhn eauyễh tỒl Ěổhn ruỜhn Ěễ taợ hnalỎc, tẫea hnal vä ĚlỊu eaỌha.


Zuấh ió hậ hƴỒe vỊ hýhn hnalỎp0
hnalỎp 0 KỜ Hýhn hnalỎp Lsrjfi aỞ trụ vä blễc sgêt tgäh kỜ

eêe agẪt ĚỜhn hýhn hnalỎp
hnalỎp eỮj ĚẦt hƴỒe, nổc eấ vlỎe muy tré eêe tlàu eauẬh ejg ĚỚl vỒl eêe
sấh paẬc eëy trổhn vä vảt huýl, ĚỊ rj eêe bặ agẪea taðe ĚẬy, paêt trlễh hýhn hnalỎp taýhn quj
eêe agẪt ĚỜhn hnalàh eỬu vä taỂ trƴồhn. Eêe eaƴƪhn tréha hnalàh eỬu haẺc nlj tąhn iƴụhn
hƴỒe Ěễ tƴỒl tlàu eŬhn Ějhn Ěƴụe tlặh aäha, eaỮ yặu taýhn quj tąhn iƴụhn hƴỒe cƴj, baợ
cẾh trghn hƴỒe vä sợ mỦhn eêe aỎ taỚhn iểe hƴỒe Ěễ têl sợ mỦhn.
:.:.; HỊh hýhn hnalỎp CỼ
 HƴỒe CỼ eõ hnäha hýhn hnalỎp
hnalỎp tëh tlặh, alỎh ĚẪl haẦt taặ nlỒl. Ijg Ěý  hn
̥ hýhn hnalà   p̥
eaỌ ealặc 4,>% trghn tỖhn sỚ :65,< trlà  u̥ ijg Ěý  hn
̥ tràh tgäh hƴỒe CỼ. Hąc ;4:;, tỖhn nlê trỂ
sấh paẬc hýhn hnalỎp ĚẪt 5<=.? tỾ Ěý ij CỼ, tąhn 55% sg vỒl hąc ;44>, trghn Ěõ nlê trỂ eêe
sấh paẬc trổhn trểt iä ;:<.? tỾ Ěý ij, nlê trỂ sấh paẬc eaąh huýl ĚẪt :>:.> tỾ Ěý ij. QuẦt haảp
baẬu hýhn sấh, CỼ iä hƴỒe mẢh ĚẮu taặ nlỒl, ƴỒe tãha ealặc :1% taỂ paẮh taƴƪhn cẪl hýhn
sấh eỮj tgäh eẮu. ]Ợ hąc :hýhn hnalỎp, vã mỦ haƴ xuẦt baẬu hýhn sấh hąc hąc ;4:= ƴỒe tãha ĚẪt :=<.6 tỾ Ěý ij, ealặc
aƪh :4% tỖhn sỚ blc hnẪea xuẦt baẬu tẦt eấ eêe cẾt aähn vä taẾhn mƴ cảu mỂea hýhn hnalỎp

iàh Ěặh aƪh 51.6 tỾ Ěý ij CỼ.
 CỜt sỚ tậha tỺu
tỺu hỖl kảt0


Eƪ nlỒl ãj hỊh hýhn hnalỎp0
hnalỎp 0 _äg ĚẮu taặ bỾ ;4, paấl eõ = hýhn mëh cỒl sấh xuẦt

hýhn paẬc ĚỮ huýl eag :4 hnƴồl, hnäy hjy, cỜt hýhn mëh CỼ eõ taễ euhn eẦp ĚỮ iƴƪhn taỺe
huýl :44 hnƴồl CỼ vä 5; hnƴồl Ějhn sỚhn tẪl eêe hƴỒe tràh taặ nlỒl. Eal paã cêy cõe ealặc
cỜt tỾ iỎ rẦt iỒh trghn tỖhn eal paã ĚẮu tƴ väg sấh xuẦt hýhn hnalỎp. UỺ bặt aụp eƪ nlỒl vỒl
eấl tlặh trghn bỼ tauảt ejha têe vä eaặ klặh hýhn sấh Ějhn iäc tajy ĚỖl paƴƪhn paêp sấh xuẦt
vä paëh paỚl iƴƪhn taỺe tẪl CỼ vä tẪl eêe hƴỒe tràh tgäh taặ nlỒl.


ỡhn mỦhn bagj aểe bĬ tauảt trghn sấh xuẦt hýhn hnalỎp0
hnalỎp 0 ]ràh taặ nlỒl, bỼ tauảt trổhn

eëy NCE Ěå êp mỦhn tỢ hąc :<<? tràh mlỎh tãea :> trlỎu aj, Ěặh hąc ;4:5 mlỎh tãea trổhn eëy
NCE tąhn iàh :44 iẮh vỒl mlỎh tãea :>6 trlỎu aj. Hąc ;4:;, hƴỒe CỼ eõ ?<.6 trlỎu aj eëy
trổhn klặh ĚỖl nfh, kjg nổc Ěảu häha, kầp, kýhn väl, eỮ eấl Ěƴồhn, Ěu ĚỮ vä väl igẪl agj cäu
băe. Haồ tẪg Ěƴụe y trổhn eauyễh ĚỖl nfh, ẽ ĚẾe tãha cỒl, haƴ eaỂu Ěƴụe baã aảu iẪha
agẾe hõhn, trổhn Ěƴụe tràh ĚẦt cẾh, eõ ĚẾe tãha eaỚhn Ěƴụe sëu kỎha, eaỚhn eệ mẪl, bìg mäl
taồl nljh kấg quấh, hýhn sấh tau agẪea halỊu vä iëu aƴ taỚl Ĕlễc hỖl kảt iä igẪl eëy trổhn
NCE eấl talỎh Ěƴụe cýl trƴồhn vé ãt mühn tauỚe trỢ sëu, ãt mühn tauỚe mlỎt eệ, baã aảu kỒt ý

]rjhn >


 


halỆc, nlấc kỒt iƴụhn EG;. Hýhn mëh ãt tlặp xðe aõj eaẦt, hnƴồl tlàu taỦ Ěƴụe aƴỗhn taỬe
ąh kỖ mƴỪhn aƪh, taỺe paẬc ãt eaỬj eaẦt ĚỜe aẪl.
:.:.5 HỊh hýhn hnalỎp Haảt Kấh
]rƴỒe bal trỗ taäha cỜt hƴỒe eýhn hnalỎp aähn ĚẮu taặ nlỒl, Haảt Kấh eŬhn iä cỜt
hƴỒe hýhn hnalỎp vỒl tỾ iỎ hýhn mëh trghn tỖhn mëh sỚ tƴƪhn Ěƴƪhn vỒl _lỎt Hjc. ]rƴỒe
Clha ]rỂ Muy ]ëh väg hąc :1?1, tỒl 14% mëh sỚ Haảt Kấh iäc
iä c hnaỊ hýhn vä iðj iä hýhn sấh
eẫha. e paƴƪhn păp tặc ejha eẮh halỊu ijg ĚỜhn Ěƴụe păt trlễh vé cỞl aỜ nlj Ěéha eaỌ
eõ cỜt mlỎh tãea ruỜhn aẪh eaặ. Haủhn ĚẾe Ělễc hýhn hnalỎp häy Ěå iäc nlj tąhn eêe taýhn
iỎ trghn ejha têe eŬhn haƴ haủhn tảp tỦe ấha aƴỗhn Ěặh tgäh kỜ hỊh vąh aõj Haảt Kấh.
 CỜt sỚ tậha tỺu
tỺu hỖl kảt0


 Tăt trlễh bagj aểe-bỼ tauảt hýhn hnalỎp
hnalỎp00 Ĕễ paêt trlễh hýhn hnalỎp, Haảt Kấh egl

 paêt trlễh bagj aểe-bỼ tauảt hýhn hnalỎp iä klỎh păp ậhn ĚẮu. _lỎh quỚe nlj vỊ bagj aểe
hýhn hnalỎp Ěƴụe taäha iảp ỗ eẦp Hậ hƴỒe iä eƪ qujh ẽ trêea halỎc tỖhn aụp nầh bặt tgäh
 kỜ eêe vlỎh hnalàh eỬu eẦp hnäha
hnäha taäha cỜt baỚl.


Eấl eêea ruỜhn ĚẦt 0 Eấl eêea ruỜhn ĚẦt hąc :<=6 vä :<=1 Ěå tẪg ĚỜhn iỺe bãea tẫea

cẪha cẳ hýhn hnalỎp păt trlễh, cỗ rỜhn vlỎe cuj kêh hýhn paẬc vä tąhn hajha tãea iŬy.
Ĕễ muy tré, kấg vỎ haủhn vühn ĚẦt tỚt mühn eag cỦe Ěãea hýhn hnalỎp, hąc :Ěå kjh aäha Iuảt Eấl tẪg vä păt trlễh haủhn vühn ĚẦt ẽ baấ hąhn cỗ rỜhn sấh xuẦt hýhn
hnalỎp. Eaƴƪhn tréha häy Ěƴụe kỖ suhn väg hąc :<14, vä haồ vảy hõ nlủ vjl trû qujh trểhn

trghn vlỎe agäh talỎh eƪ eẦu sấh xuẦt hýhn hnalỎp. Zuy cý ruỜhn ĚẦt kéha quëh eỮj cỜt
hýhn trẪl eõ sỺ tajy ĚỖl tafg aƴỒhn tãea tỦ ruỜhn ĚẦt väg eêe trjhn trẪl iỒh Ěễ tąhn alỎu quấ
sấh xuẦt.


 Tăt trlễh sấh xuẦt ẽ eaểh iểe, hëhn ejg eaẦt iƴụhn hýhn sấh0
sấh 0 KƴỒe hngẾt eỮj eaãha

sêea hýhn hnalỎp eỮj Haảt Kấh taỺe sỺ kầt ĚẮu bal Iuảt Hýhn hnalỎp eƪ kấh Ěƴụe kjh aäha
väg hąc :taễ iä ĚẬy cẪha sấh xuẦt haủhn sấh paẬc ẽ hau eẮu tlàu taỦ hnäy ệhn tąhn vä nlấc sấh
xuẦt haủhn hýhn paẬc eõ sỬe tlàu taỦ bìc2 Agäh talỎh eƪ eẦu hýhn hnalỎp, bễ eấ vlỎe păt
trlễh haủhn hýhn aỜ vä A]Q ẽ hąhn iỺe vỊ quấh ió blha mgjha vä ejha têe. Eêe hnäha taỺe
 paẬc eaặ klặh paêt trlễh, nlðp eag hnƴồl mëh sỚhn ỗ hýhn th ẽ tầc halỊu vlỎe iäc, tau
haảp Ěƴụe eấl talỎh, mg Ěõ Haảt Kấh Ěå tẪg eag céha cỜt taỂ trƴồhn hỜl ĚỂj ĚỮ iỒh eag ậhn
ãj hn hnalỎp tãea iŬy iẦy Ěä eauyễh sjhn xuẦt baẬu.


 Taêt trlễh eêe aụp têe xå vä eêe tỖ eaỬe blha tặ aụp têe xå mỂea vỦ
vỦ00 Aụp têe xå eõ vỂ

trã rẦt qujh trểhn trghn paêt trlễh hýhn hnalỎp ỗ Haảt Kấh. Eẫha paỮ rẦt egl trểhn taễ eaặ
vảh ậha e A]Q hýhn hnalỎp vä Ěå kjh aäha, taỺe alỎh halỊu eẫha sêea nlðp ĚỪ păt
]rjhn 1


 

trlễh, baýhn hnỢhn cỗ rỜhn quy cý sấh xuẦt haẺc nlðp hnƴồl hýhn mëh tagêt baệl eấha Ěõl
hnaág vä eühn aỜl haảp väg hỊh blha tặ taặ nlỒl. AỎ taỚhn A]Q hýhn hnalỎp Haảt Kấh Ěƴụe

 paëh iäc 5 eẦp, agẪt ĚỜhn vỒl týh eaỌ mỺj väg sỺ hỞ iỺe aụp têe nlủj eêe A]Q hýhn hnalỎp
eẦp eƪ sỗ, eêe ilàh Ěgäh eẦp tỌha vä eẦp truhn ƴƪhn tẪg taäha cỜt kỜ cêy taỚhn haẦt agäh
eaỌha tỢ truhn ƴƪhn Ěặh ĚỂj paƴƪhn.
:.:.; Käl aểe blha hnalỎc bal êp mỦhn hýhn hnalỎp eýhn hnaỎ ejg
:.:.: ĔẮu tƴ eag
e ag bagj aểe - bỼ tauảt hýhn hnalỎp
Ĕễ ẽ taễ xëy mỺhn vä păt trlễh hỊh hýhn hnalỎp eýhn hnaỎ ejg taé eêe quỚe nlj tràh
taặ nlỒl eaầe eaầh baýhn taễ Ěå eaỌ tlặp tỦe sấh xuẦt tafg eêe paƴƪhn taỬe truyỊh taỚhn. CỜt
trghn haủhn ĚlỊu tẦt yặu ĚẮu tlàh vä qujh trểhn haẦt eỮj ’eaẦt iƴụhn ejg– ỗ cỜt hỊh hýhn
hnalỎp hẺc ỗ vlỎe paấl paêt trlễh eêe eýhn hnaỎ ejg, eêe bỼ tauảt hýhn hnalỎp cỒl Ěễ eõ taễ
Ửhn mỦhn väg sấh xuẦt taỺe tặ, haẺc hëhn ejg hąhn suẦt eŬhn haƴ eaẦt iƴụhn eêe cẾt aähn
hýhn sấh.


ỡhn mỦhn eýhn hnaỎ slha aểe0
aểe 0 AlỎh hjy tràh taặ nlỒl Ěå eõ ;< quỚe nlj (kjg nổc eấ

_lỎt Hjc tỢ hąc ;4:6) tajc nlj väg vlỎe Ửhn mỦhn eýhn hnaỎ klặh ĚỖl nfh trghn iĬha vỺe
nlỚhn eëy trổhn. Eêe nlỚhn eëy trổhn klặh ĚỖl nfh eõ ƴu Ělễc hỖl kảt haƴ ĚẾe tãha baêhn
Ěƴụe tauỚe trỢ eệ, baêhn sëu kỎha, eaỂu iẪha tỚt, eaỂu cẾh, eaỂu aẪh,… ]afg kêg eêg ’AlỎh
trẪhn eëy trổhn eýhn hnaỎ slha aểe/eëy trổhn eauyễh nfh Ěƴụe taƴƪhn cẪl aõj tràh tgäh eẮu
;4:=– eỮj LUJJJ - ]Ỗ eaỬe quỚe tặ vỊ tlặp tau eêe Ửhn mỦhn eýhn hnaỎ slha aểe trghn hýhn
hýhn
hnalỎp, cỜt paëh tãea tỖhn aụp tgäh eẮu eỮj :=> hnalàh eỬu vỊ têe ĚỜhn eỮj eëy trổhn eýhn
hnaỎ slha aểe trghn ;4 hąc (:<<6-;4:=) Ěå xêe haảh rẺhn eëy trổhn eýhn hnaỎ slha aểe nlðp
tąhn ;;% sấh iƴụhn, nlấc 5>% vlỎe sợ mỦhn paëh kõh agê aểe, tąhn ?1% iụl hauảh eag hýhn
mëh.
Eýhn hnaỎ tƴỒl eỮj Lsrjfi 0 Ĕễ sợ mỦhn hnuổh hƴỒe bajh alặc eỮj céha cỜt eêea aụp
iã vä eõ alỎu quấ haẦt, Lsrjfi êp mỦhn eýhn hnaỎ tƴỒl haệ nlểt. EaẦt mlha mƴỪhn tafg eêe Ớhn



mẢh hƴỒe tƴỒl tỢhn nỚe eëy, nỚe rju vä Ěƴụe tƴỒl kõh haệ nlểt tüy tafg tỢhn igẪl eëy eỮ quấ
 kỗl cỜt paẮh cỊc ĚlỊu balễh tỺ ĚỜhn sju bal Ěå hẪp ĚỮ taýhn tlh vỊ ĚỜ Ậc baýhn baã, ĚẦt
Ějl, tuỖl vä hau eẮu tąhn trƴỗhn eỮj tỢhn igẪl eëy. AỎ taỚhn häy tỺ ĚỜhn Ěõhn cỗ vjh bal ĚỜ
Ậc eỮj rỆ eëy ĚẪt tỒl cỬe haẦt ĚỂha taýhn quj eêe eấc klặh ĚlỎh tợ. ]ƴỒl haệ nlểt Ěƴụe êp
mỦhn halỊu trghn eêe hýhn trjhn, haä bãha vä vƴồh nlj Ěéha eŬhn haƴ taãea aụp haẦt vỒl eêe
igẪl eëy haƴ mỢj, hag, eauỚl, ejc quót, mëu tëy, cãj, kýhn, hný, ệ eauj vä cỜt sỚ y hn
hnalỎp băe. hn hnaỎ häy Ějhn hnäy eähn trỗ hàh paỖ klặh, Ěƴụe êp mỦhn rỜhn rål tẪl
halỊu quỚe nlj baêe tràh taặ nlỒl haƴ eêe hƴỒe Hjc CỼ, eaëu Ëu, ]ruhn ZuỚe, ậh ĔỜ…
]rjhn <


 

:.:.; Bặt aụp
aụ p haä bagj aểe
aểe,, mgjha hnalỎ
hnalỎpp vä hýhn mëh
Kàh eẪha vlỎe ĚẮu tƴ väg bagj aểe bỼ tauảt hýhn hnalỎp, paêt trlễh eýhn hnaỎ cỒl,
eêe quỚe nlj eûh tảp truhn xëy mỺhn eêe bau hýhn hnalỎp eýhn hnaỎ ejg, haƴ ỗ CỼ, Jha,
]ruhn ZuỚe, ]aêl Ijh…
TaẮh iỒh eêe bau bagj aểe hýhn hnalỎp eýhn hnaỎ ejg ĚỊu paëh kỚ tẪl hƪl tảp truhn
eêe trƴồhn ĚẪl aểe, vlỎh hnalàh eỬu Ěễ hajha eãhn Ửhn mỦhn haủhn tậha tỺu bagj aểe
eýhn hnaỎ cỒl vä bặt aụp vỒl blha hnalỎc blha mgjha eỮj e mgjha hnalỎp Ěễ ắha tậha
hàh cỜt bau bagj aểe vỒl eêe eaỬe hąhn eỮj hnalàh eỬu Ửhn mỦhn, sấh xuẦt, tlàu taỦ vä mỂea
vỦ.
Eõ taễ vã mỦ quj cỜt eýhn ty iỒh eauyàh vỊ eýhn hnaỎ tƴỒl HjjhMjh @jlh eỮj Lsrjfi.
Ĕj paẮh eêe hƴỒe haảp baẬu eýhn hnaỎ eỮj HjjhMjh @jlh eaỌ klặt rẺhn Ěëy iä cỜt trghn
haủhn eýhn ty aähn ĚẮu Lsrjfi eauyàh vỊ nlấl păp tƴỒl, bhn klặt rẺhn eẫha hn ty eŬhn
Ějhn sỗ aủu haủhn Ěổh ĚlỊh rỜhn iỒh, hƪl eaãha haủhn tlặh kỜ bagj aểe eỮj eýhn ty Ěƴụe

trlễh bajl ĚẮu tlàh, haẺc Ěấc kấg sỺ taãea Ửhn agäh aấg haẦt ĚỚl vỒl hau eẮu eỮj hnƴồl trổhn
trểt.
:.:.5 Qëy mỺhn cý aéha aụp tê
têee xå ĚẾe ttrƴhn
rƴhn ỗ Lsrjfi
 HỊh hýhn hnalỎp Lsrjfi Ěƴụe eẦu taäha mỺj tràh sỺ aụp têe eỮj eêe eƪ sỗ hýhn hnalỎp
Ěƴụe paêt trlễh tỢ ĚẮu taặ bỾ ;4. Bagấhn 14% agẪt ĚỜhn hýhn hnalỎp Ěƴụe sỗ aủu vä ĚlỊu
aäha kỗl eêe eỜhn Ěổhn aụp têe iä Blkkutz vä eêe Cgsajv2 ;4% eûh iẪl aẮu aặt iä eêe
cgsajvj nổc eêe bau rỢhn haệ trổhn ejc quót ỗ clỊh truhn ĚẦt hƴỒe tauỜe vỊ eêe eýhn ty tƴ
haëh iỒh vä eêe iähn Jrjk.
Blkkutz (eýhn xå) alỎh hjy iä haủhn eỜhn Ěổhn blha tặ - xå aỜl trghn hýhn hnalỎp,
hýhn taýh Lsrjfi Ěƴụe tỖ eaỬe tafg eêe hnuyàh tầe0 mëh eaỮ tỺ quấh, eỜhn Ěổhn sỗ aủu tƴ ilỎu
sấh xuẦt vä täl sấh, kéha Ěẵhn trghn ijg ĚỜhn ’iäc tafg hąhn iỺe– vä paëh paỚl eýhn kẺhn
’aƴỗhn tafg hau eẮu–. Eêe blkkutz ag
agẪt
Ẫt ĚỜhn tafg hnuyàh tầe0


Uỗ aủu eýhn eỜhn eấ vỊ tƴ ilỎu sấh xuẦt vä tƴ ilỎu tlàu mühn 0 Haủhn quy ĚỂha kjh ĚẮu

vỊ sỗ aủu eỮj eêe blkkutz taễ alỎh rư sầe tăl eỜhn sấh eaỮ hnaĬj0 eýhn aủu tgäh kỜ tƴ ilỎu
sấh xuẦt vä tlàu mühn
mühn.. Aéha taêl sỗ aủu muy haẦt eỮj blkku
blkkutz
tz aổl cỒl taäha iảp iä eýhn aủu
cểl taỬ, tỢ tƴ ilỎu sấh xuẦt Ěặh tlàu mühn ĚỊu iä eỮj eauhn. ’Blkkutz iä hƪl tlha taẮh eỜhn
Ěổhn rẦt ejg, cểl hnƴồl sỚhn vä iäc vlỎe aặt céha vé haju, ỗ Ěõ baýhn jl eõ täl sấh rlàhn–.
rlàhn–.
 Hnuyàh tầe eỜhn Ěổhn,
Ěổhn, ’eühn iäc, eühn aƴỗhn– Ěƴụ

Ěƴụee ĚỊ ejg.


Zuấh ió, tỖ eaỬe tỺ quấh, mëh eaỮ, kéha Ěẵhn nlủj eêe taäha vlàh 0 Eêe agẪt ĚỜhn

quấh ió trghn blkkutz mỺj tràh hnuyàh tầe tỺ hnuyỎh, mëh eaỮ vä tỺ quấh. Bal Ěå nlj haảp taé
xå vlàh eẮh paấl cjhn cỜt tlha taẮh cỒl vä iỚl sỚhn cỒl. Aể paấl trấl quj cỜt taồl nljh aểe
aệl, tảp sỺ, bal aặt aẪh cỒl Ěƴụe AỜl hnaỂ blkkutz xfc xìt eaẦp haảh ajy baýhn. ’Blkkutz iä
]rjhn :4


 

cỜt xå aỜl mỺj tràh sỺ tajc nlj tỺ hnuyỎh eỮj e tậha vlàh, hõ ẽ trêea halỎc kấg Ěấc eag
eêe hau eẮu eỮj taäha vlàh suỚt Ěồl aể. Ĕõ iä cỜt xå aỜl paẦh ĚẦu Ěễ eêe eê haëh paêt trlễh
tỚl Ěj tlỊc hąhn, cẾt baêe hõ eŬhn Ěûl aệl tỢ cỞl hnƴồl trêea halỎc vä ejc bặt Ěõhn nõp
eag paðe iụl eỮj eỜhn
e Ờhn Ěổhn–.


 Taëh paỚl eýhn kẺhn vä Ějhn taỺe alỎh ỗ cỬe ĚỜ haẦt ĚỂha ’iäc tafg hąhn iỺe,

aƴỗhn tafg hau eẮu– eag cểl taäha vlàh0
vlàh 0 Eýhn kẺhn trghn ijg ĚỜhn iä cỜt hnuyàh tầe eỮj
blkkutz. ĔỚl vỒl taäha vlàh blkkutz, ijg ĚỜhn iä vlha qujhn vä bhn ẽ hn vlỎe häg iä taẦp
bìc. e tậha vlàh Ěƴụe kỚ trã hn vlỎe pẵ aụp vỒl hąhn iỺe kấh taëh trghn sấh xuẦt, mỂea
vỦ.


 Ĕồl sỚhn, slha agẪt ỗ bblkkutz

lkkutz00 ]ruhn kéha cỞl blkkutz eõ bagấhn 544 - =44 xå vlàh

eühn haủhn hnƴồl trghn nlj Ěéha eỮj aể. Eêe nlj Ěéha taƴồhn eõ halỊu taặ aỎ eauhn sỚhn.
e blkkutz
blkkutz ẽ talặt bặ bă nlỚhn haju, taƴồh
taƴồhnn tafg bặt eẦu vûhn trûh Ěổhn tëc. ]Ầt eấ eêe
mỂea vỦ eag euỜe sỚhn eỮj blkkutzhle ĚỊu clỆh paã.


 Blkkutz iä cỜt tỖ aụp hýhn - eýhn hnalỎp alỎh ĚẪl vä eõ hąhn iỺe sấh xuẦt ejg vä baê

hajha haẪy vỒl eƪ eaặ taỂ trƴồhn 0 sỬe sỚhn eỮj blkkutz hẺc ỗ baấ hąhn iuýh sẶh sähn eauyễh
ĚỖl tafg bỂp kỚl eấha vä haủhn hau eẮu cỒl. Ĕễ taãea hnal vỒl agäh eấha cỒl, eêe blkkutz
alỎh hjy Ěå eauyễh ĚỖl tafg 5 mẪhn. ]aỬ haẦt, sợ mỦhn eƪ eaặ taỂ trƴồhn trghn cỜt sỚ mỂea vỦ
(ĚlỎh, truyỊh ắha p,…) agẾe ta cƴỒh hặh eýhn kàh hngäl. HalỊu trƴồhn ỗ blkkutz, vỚh
eõ eaẦt iƴụhn nlêg mỦe tỚt, Ěå cỗ eợj Ěõh trẲ fc tỢ tậha paỚ vỊ aểe. Hãc aểe slha häy
 paấl Ěõhn aểe pẫ. ]aỬ ajl, tlặh ậha trấ iƴƪhn ’tafg ijg ĚỜhn– eaỬ baýhn eäg kẺhn haƴ
trƴỒe Ěëy. Kêe sĬ vä nlêg vlàh Ěƴụe trấ iƴƪhn baê ejg. ]aỬ kj, eêe xå vlàh Ěƴụe sỗ aủu hậ
eợj vä ẽ eỖ paẮh, Ěƴụe ealj iụl tỬe2 blkkutz eag pp e tậha vlàh eauyễh haƴụhn agẾe Ěễ
taỢj bặ ajl igẪl täl sấh häy trghn taồl nljh haẦt ĚỂha.
:.:.= Ĕj mẪhn
mẪ hn bàha paëh paỚl hýhn sấh ỗ Haảt Kấh
Ƥ Hặ  t,̥ cểl cą  t ̥ ậhn ilàh qujh tỒl hýhn sấh haƴ iƴƪhn taỺe, taỺe paẬc, agj, eëy
eấha... ĚỊu eõ taễ nljg mỂea taýhn quj eaụ ĚẦu nlê Ěƴụe Hậ hƴỒe eẦp pp. Hặ  t ̥ Kấh eõ tẦt
eấ :54 eýhn ty ĚẦu nlê hýhn sấh paëh kỚ baầp 5> tỌha, taäha paỚ. Kàh eẪha eaụ ĚẦu nlê alà  
alà  h̥
ĚẪl, tổh tẪl sghn sghn eêe eaụ truyỊh taỚhn, eaụ ĚẦu nlê truyỊh taỚhn vä eaụ kêh sỌ mg eẫha
quyỊh ĚỂj paƴƪhn eẦp pp. Hýhn sấh Ěå tajc nlj eaụ ĚẦu nlê taé baýhn Ěƴụe tajc mỺ ỗ eaụ 
 kêh sỌ vä hnƴụe iẪl.
Ĕễ Ěƴụe tajc nlj väg eêe palàh eaụ ĚẦu nlê, eêe eýhn ty paấl Ěąhn bó cå sỚ eê haëh

vä Ěõhn cý  t ̥ bagấh tlỊh Ěą  t ̥ eểe haẦt ĚỂha, tüy väg uy tãh eỮj tỢhn Ěƪh vỂ vä paấl eõ ãt haẦt 5
hąc blha hnalà  c̥ agẪt ĚỜhn. Cểl taýhn
taýhn tlh vỊ sấh paẬc tỢ xuẦt xỬ, eýhn ty cuj, nlê eấ ĚỊu

]rjhn ::


 

Ěƴụe hlàc yặt eýhn bajl tràh cẪhn lhtfrhft hàh Ěƪh vỂ paëh paỚl ajy kêh iẲ eŬhn baýhn taễ
 kêh Ěầt eag hnƴồl tlàu mühn.

]rjhn :;


 

EAƧƤHN ; ]AỴE ][ẤHN TAÊ] ][LịH HÝHN HNALỏT EÝHN
HNAỏ EJG Ộ _Lỏ] HJC
;.: Baêl quêt hỊh
hỊh hýhn hn
hnalỎp
alỎp _lỎt Hjc
;.:.: ĔlỊu blỎh tỺ halàh
ĔlỊu blỎh tỺ halàh vä täl hnuyàh talàh halàh eag pp hƴỒe tj păt trlễh cỜt hỊh hýhn
hnalỎp halỎt ĚỒl, eỦ taễ iä sỺ Ěj mẪhn eỮj talàh halàh halỎt ĚỒl Ậc nlõ cüj, klễu alỎh rö haẦt
ỗ sỺ pặh ãj täl hnuh ĚẦt, bẫ aảu vä hnuổh hƴỒe mổl mäg, täl hnuyàh slha vảt paghn pað.
Baã aảu halỎt ĚỒl Ậc nlõ cüj vỒl hỊh halỎt Ậc ejg ẽ sỺ pặh ãj rư rỎt tafg ealỊu
 kầe ― hjc vä tafg ealỊu ejg ĚỂj ắha eag pp păt trlễh hỊh hýhn hnalỎp halỎt ĚỒl, ĚẬy
cẪha taëc ejha, tąhn vỦ, Ěj mẪhn eëy trổhn, vảt huýl. Kàh eẪha Ěõ, tãha eaẦt halỎt ĚỒl nlõ

cüj eỮj talàh halàh hƴỒe tj iäc tąhn tầc tãha eaẦt kẦp kàha vỚh ẽ eỮj hýhn hnalỎp. _lỎe
 paûhn eaỚhn talàh tjl, sëu kỎha aẪl eëy trổhn, mỂea kỎha ĚỚl vỒl vảt huýl iuýh iä halỎc vỦ
qujh trểhn.
UỺ pặh ãj e ĚlỊu blỎh ĚỂj ắha, ĚẦt trổhn eag paìp vä Ěổhn taồl Ěûl aệl êp mỦhn
eêe aỎ taỚhn ejha têe baêe haju nlủj eêe vühn (truhn mu trổhn eëy eýhn hnalỎp iëu hąc, eaąh
huýl nlj sðe), Ěổhn kẺhn trổhn eëy hnầh hnäy, taëc ejha, tąhn vỦ, huýl trổhn taỮy sấh…)
 Hnuổh hƴỒe mổl mäg
mäg iä haëh tỚ qujh trểhn ậhn
ậhn ĚẮu trghn păt trlễh hýhn hhnalỎp
nalỎp (haẦt
hƴỒe, hắ pặh, tjc eẮh, tỬ nlỚhn). ]äl hnuh slha vảt paghn pað tauảh iụl eag vlỎe Ěj mẪhn
aõj eëy trổhn vảt huýl, tlặh aäha ijl tẪg nlỚhn…
;.:.; Nlê trỂ sấh iƴụhn vä Ěõhn nõp väg hỊh blha tặ eỮj hýhn hnalỎp _lỎt Hjc
]Ỿ trểhn Ěõhn nõp eỮj hýhn hnalỎp väg NMT trghn haủhn hąc nẮh Ěëy nlấc mẮh bal
eêe hnäha blha tặ baêe haƴ eýhn hnalỎp, mỂea vỦ tąhn iàh.

]rjhn :5


 

 Aéha :0 Klễu Ěổ vỊ eƪ eẦu blha tặ eỮj _
_lỎt
lỎt Hjc tafg hnäha nljl
nljl ĚgẪh ;4:;-;4;4
;4:;-;4;4
(Ĕƪh vỂ0 %)

 Hnuổh0 UỚ ilỎu eỮj ]Ỗhn
]Ỗhn eỦe ]aỚhn bà

]rghn nljl ĚgẪh ;4:;-;4;4, tỾ trểhn eỮj hnäha hýhn hnalỎp väg NMT nlấc mẮh tỢ
:<,;;% xuỚhn eûh :=,16%, eag taẦy sỺ eauyễh ĚỖl eƪ eẦu sëu sầe eỮj hỊh blha tặ _lỎt Hjc.
]uy halàh, hýhn hnalỎp _lỎt Hjc iuýh muy tré ỗ cỬe tąhn trƴỗhn kéha quëh bagấhn
5,6%/hąc trghn aƪh 54 hąc ĚỖl cỒl, cỬe ejg ỗ bau vỺe eaëu Ê hõl eauhn, bau vỺe Ĕýhn
 Hjc Ê hõl rlàhn. Uju taồl bỵ talặu iƴƪhn taỺe bìg mäl, tỢ hąc :<1<, _lỎt Hjc Ěå mẮ̄h trỗ 
tậha eƴồhn quỚe xuẦt baẬu hýhn sấh tràh taặ nlỒl.
Kàh eẪha Ěõ, hnäha hýhn hnalỎp eŬhn Ěå nõp paẮh qujh trểhn väg vlỎe tąhn tỚe ĚỜ
tąhn trƴỗhn blha tặ eauhn. CẾe mü tỚe ĚỜ tąhn trƴỗhn hnäha Hýhn hnalỎp eõ sỺ tajy ĚỖl
tƴƪhn ĚỚl iỒh quj eêe hąc haƴhn cỬe ĚỜ Ěõhn nõp eỮj hnäha Hýhn hnalỎp väg tỚe ĚỜ tąhn
trƴỗhn eauhn vẢh ỗ cỬe tƴƪhn ĚỚl Ỗh ĚỂha, bagấhn 4,;;-4,?%.

]rjhn :=


 

 Aéha ;0 Klễu Ěổ vỊ tỚe ĚỜ tąhn
tąhn trƴỗhn eỮj hhnäha
näha Hýhn hna
hnalỎp
lỎp vä cỬe ĚỜ Ěõhn nõ
nõpp väg
tỚe ĚỜ tąhn trƴỗhn eauhn nljl ĚgẪh ;4:; - ;4;4 (Ĕƪh vỂ0 %)

 Hnuổh0 ]Ỗhn eỦe ]aỚhn
]aỚhn bà
Nljl ĚgẪh ;4:; ― ;4;4, tỚe ĚỜ tąhn trƴỗhn NMT tgäh hnäha Hýhn hnalỎp _lỎt Hjc
ĚẪt kéha qh ;,?>%/hąc vä ẽ sỺ eầha iỎea quj e hąc. Hąc ;4:?, NMT eỮj hnäha Hýhn
hnalỎp tąhn :,5?%, cỬe taẦp haẦt trghn nljl ĚgẪh häy.
EaỌ sju ; hąc, hąc ;4:1, NMT eỮj hnäha Hýhn hnalỎp tąhn 5,>?%, cỬe ejg haẦt bễ

tỢ hąc ;4:;. Bặt quấ häy baẵhn ĚỂha sỺ eauyễh ĚỖl eƪ eẦu eỮj hnäha hýhn hnalỎp Ěå eõ alỎu
quấ. ]afg eýhn kỚ mủ ilỎu blha tặ xå aỜl hąc ;4:1 eỮj ]Ỗhn eỦe ]aỚhn bà, NMT eỮj _lỎt
 Hjc cỗ rỜhn vỒl tỾ iỎ >,41% aähn hąc, cỬe ejg
e jg haẦt bễ tỢ hąc ;441 Ěặh hjy, hnäha Hýhn
hnalỎp Ěõhn nõp 4.6?% väg tąhn trƴỗhn eauhn eỮj hỊh blha tặ.
tặ .
 Hąc ;4:<, trghn kỚl eấha ẽ halỊu bã baąh, hýhn hnalỎp _lỎt Hjc vẢh muy tré Ěä
tąhn trƴỗhn ;,4:%. Bau vỺe hýhn, iëc hnalỎp vä taỮy sấh ĚẪt cỬe tąhn trƴỗhn taẦp mg aẪh
ăh, klặh ĚỖl bẫ aảu ấha aƴỗhn tỒl hąhn suẦt vä sấh iƴụhn eëy trổhn, hnäha eaąh huýl eaỂu
talỎt aẪl hẾhn hỊ kỗl mỂea tấ iụh eặu Tal, hýhn sấh nẾp bã baąh vỊ taỂ trƴồhn tlàu taỦ vä nlê
xuẦt baẬu. ]ąhn trƴỗhn eỮj bau vỺe hýhn, iëc hnalỎp vä taỮy sấh hąc ;4:< ĚẪt ;,4:%, eaỌ
ejg aƪh cỬe tąhn :,5?% eỮj hąc ;4:?.
 Hąc ;4;4, cẾe mü paấl nêha eaỂu
eaỂu taồl tlặt kẦt taƴồhn, talàh tjl, mỂea kỎha (mỂea tấ iụh
eaëu Tal tràh eấ hƴỒe, mỂea Egvlm-:<…), haƴhn haồ ĚẬy cẪha êp mỦhn bagj aểe ― bỼ tauảt,
têl eƪ eẦu sấh xuẦt, hnąh hnỢj blễc sgêt mỂea kỎha hàh hnäha Hýhn hnalỎp vä Taêt trlễh hýhn
taýh vẢh vƴụt quj bã baąh, tăea taỬe, taỺe alỎh tỚt ’cỦe tlàu bìp– iä vỢj păt trlễh hnäha,
vỢj pảhn, eaỚhn alỎu quấ mỂea kỎha. Nlê trỂ sấh xuẦt tgäh hnäha trghn hąc tąhn ;,>6% sg
]rjhn :6


 

vỒl hąc ;4:<. ]rghn Ěõ, hýhn hnalỎp tąhn ;,>%2 iëc hnalỎp tąhn ;,=%2 taỮy sấh tąhn 5,5%2
NMT tgäh hnäha tąhn ;,66%, nlðp kấg Ěấc jh hlha iƴƪhn taỺe trghn kẦt eỬ agäh eấha häg.
 Hnäha hýhn hnalỎp baýhn haủhn
haủhn Ěõhn nõp väg vlỎe Ěêp Ửhn jh hlha iƴƪhn taỺe quỚe
nlj, tlàu mühn hỜl ĚỂj cä eûh Ěêp Ửhn eag hau eẮu xuẦt baẬu eêe sấh paẬc eõ taặ cẪha cjhn
taƴƪhn alỎu hýhn sấh _lỎt Hjc haƴ nẪg, ệ pầ, taỮy sấh… cjhn vỊ hnuổh hngẪl tỎ iỒh eag
ĚẦt hƴỒe.

 Aéha 50 Klễu Ěổ vỊ blc hnẪea
hnẪea xuẦt baẬu hýhn ssấh
ấh eỮj _lỎt Hjc nljl ĚĚgẪh
gẪh ;4:=-;4;4
(Ĕƪh vỂ0 tỾ VUM)

 Hnuổh0 KỜ Hýhn
Hýhn hnalỎp vä păt trlễh hhýhn
ýhn th
 Hắh eauhn, blc hnẪea xuẦt baẬu hýhn sấh eỮj _lỎt Hjc trghn nljl ĚgẪh ;4:=-;4;4
eõ xu aƴỒhn tąhn, ejg haẦt iä hąc ;4:< vỒl tỖhn blc hnẪea xuẦt baẬu iä =:,5 tỾ VUM. ]uy
halàh, eêe nljl ĚgẪh ;4:=-;4:? vä ;4:1-;4:< eaỌ eõ cỬe tąhn taẦp. ]aảc eaã, hąc ;4;4 mg
ấha aƴỗhn eỮj mỂea kỎha Egvlm-:< hàh blc hnẪea xuẦt baẬu hýhn sấh eỮj _lỎt Hjc eûh
nlấc haẼ sg vỒl hąc ;4:<.
Kàh eẪha Ěõ, eƪ eẦu sấh xuẦt eỮj hnäha hýhn hnalỎp tlặp tỦe Ěƴụe ĚlỊu eaỌha, eauyễh
tỢ cỦe tlàu sỚ iƴụhn sjhn eaẦt iƴụhn vä nlê trỂ nlj tąhn. Eƪ eẦu hnäha ậhn, sấh paẬc ẽ sỺ
tajy ĚỖl, tąhn tỾ trểhn eêe sấh paẬc eõ iụl taặ vä taỂ trƴồhn haƴ0 taỮy sấh, rju, agj, quấ halỎt
ĚỒl… Kàh eẪha Ěõ, nlấc eêe sấh paẬc eõ xu aƴỒhn tąhn euhn, tąhn tỾ trểhn aähn eaẦt iƴụhn
ejg trghn tỖhn sấh iƴụhn.
Eühn vỒl iðj, halỊu igẪl eëy iƴƪhn taỺe truyỊh taỚhn, nlê trỂ taẦp eŬhn eõ xu aƴỒhn
nlấc cẪha vỊ mlỎh tãea. ]rghn iĬha vỺe trổhn trểt, Ěå eauyễh ĚỖl bagấhn ;44.444 aj trổhn iðj
]rjhn :?


 

bìc alỎu quấ sjhn e y trổhn băe ẽ alỎu quấ ejg aƪh, Ěổhn taồl, tąhn eƴồhn eauyễh ĚỖl
eƪ eẦu nlỚhn, ĚẬy cẪha tặc ejha pảhn trỢ sëu kỎha, Ửhn mỦhn bagj aểe bỼ tauảt vä eƪ 
nlỒl aõj Ěễ tąhn hąhn suẦt, eaẦt iƴụhn vä nlấc eal pẫ sấh xuẦt.
Qìt ỗ kéha mlỎh quỚe tặ, hýhn hnalỎp _lỎt Hjc Ějhn tỢhn kƴỒe tajc nlj cẪha cẳ

väg quê tréha aỜl haảp vä tgäh eẮu aõj vỒl eêe alỎp ĚỂha taƴƪhn cẪl tỺ mg (O]J). _Ồl hąhn
iỺe tỚt vỊ euhn, eühn vỒl quê tréha cỗ eợj aỜl haảp sëu rỜhn, _lỎt Hjc Ěå tỢhn kƴỒe baẵhn
ĚỂha vỂ trã tràh taỂ trƴồhn hýhn iëc taỮy sấh tgäh eẮu2 vƴƪh iàh trỗ taäha cỜt haä euhn eẦp
iỒh tràh taỂ trƴồhn hýhn sấh taặ nlỒl vỊ quy cý vä paẪc vl taƴƪhn cẪl. ]làu klễu haƴ trghn
 kỚl eấha taỂ trƴồhn taặ nlỒl hąc ;4:1 eõ halỊu klặh ĚỜhn0 ealặh trjha taƴƪhn cẪl CỼ ― 
]ruhn2 sỺ nlj tąhn kấg aỜ taýhn quj eêe tlàu eauẬh vỊ quấh ió eaẦt iƴụhn vä jh tgäh vỎ slha
taỺe paẬc eỮj eêe taỂ trƴồhn hýhn sấh iỒh, haƴ0 CỼ, FV, ]ruhn ZuỚe, Haảt Kấh, Aäh
ZuỚe… haƴhn hýhn hnalỎp _lỎt Hjc Ěå vƴụt iàh baõ baąh vä muy tré tỚe ĚỜ păt trlễh Ầh
tƴụhn. hn ãj hýhn sấh eỮj _lỎt Hjc Ěå tỢhn kƴỒe baẵhn ĚỂha vỂ taặ tràh taỂ trƴồhn tgäh
eẮu, eõ cẾt tẪl :16 quỚe nlj vä vühn iåha taỖ, trghn Ěõ eõ halỊu taỂ trƴồhn eaẦt iƴụhn ejg,
haƴ0 CỼ, Haảt Kấh, FV, Aäh ZuỚe…
;.:.5 Zuy cý vä eƪ eẦu hỊh hýhn hnalỎp _lỎt Hjc
 Hýhn hnalỎp iä cỜt trghn haủhn hnäha blha tặ qujh trểhn eỮj _lỎt Hjc. ]aỺe tặ eag
taẦy, hýhn hnalỎp iuýh Ěõhn vjl trû iä "kỎ ĚỪ" eỮj hỊh blha tặ trghn cểl taồl bỵ, haẦt iä nljl
ĚgẪh baỮhn agấhn blha tặ vä kỂ ấha aƴỗhn eỮj ĚẪl mỂea Egvlm-:< tgäh eẮu.
 Hýhn hnalỎp iä cỜt hnäha sấh xuẦt iỒh vỒl halỊu sấh paẬc baêe haju, Ěƴụe paëh ealj tafg
eêe tlễu hnäha sju0


 Hýhn hnalỎp tauẮh nổc
nổc eêe tlễu hnäha0 trổhn trểt, eaąh hu
huýl,
ýl, mỂea vỦ2



Iëc hnalỎp nổc eêe tlễu hnäha0 trổhn rỢhn, bajl taêe nỞ, iëc sấh hngäl nỞ, mỂea




vỦ hýhn hnalỎp2
]aỮy sấh nổc eêe tlễu hnäha0 huýl trổhn vä Ěêha kầt taỮy aấl sấh.

]rjhn :>


 

 Kấhn :0 Nlê trỂ sấh
sấh xuẦt vä eƪ eẦu hnäha Hýhn hnalỎp _
_lỎt
lỎt Hjc

Hąc

]gäh
hnäha

Hýhn hnalỎp tauẮh

Iëc hnalỎp

]aỮy sấh

;4:4 5<?.6>?

Nlê trỂ
(tỾ Ěổhn)
5:6.5:4


Eƪ eẦu
(%)
><,6

Nlê trỂ
(tỾ Ěổhn)
:6.:5?

Eƪ eẦu
(%)
5,1

Nlê trỂ
(tỾ Ěổhn)
??.:54

Eƪ eẦu
(%)
:?,>

;4:: 6=5.
5<5.;15

>;,5

:>.=4>

5,;


:55.;>4

;=,6

;4:; ?51.5?1

=<6.6<;

>>,?

;4.1=4

5,5

:;:.<5?

:<,:

;4:5 ?61.<1:

645.66?

>?,=

;5.<
5,?

:5:.=;<


:<,<

;4:= ?
6=4.6:5

>>,?

;1.;44

=,4

;1.;6?

:1,=

;4:6 >:;.=?4

655.?55

>=,<

54.?5?

=,5

:=1.:<;

;4,1


;4:? >5=.154

6=1.:15

>=,?

55.14;

=,?

:6;.1=6

;4,1

;4:> >?1.:?:

66<.<1<

>;,<

5?.1>;

=,1

:>:.544

;;,5

;4:1 1:5.>;5


614.<<1

>:,=

=4.?1?

6,4

:<;.45<

;5,?

;4:< 15?.;5=

611.>4<

>4,=

=5.=1=

6,;

;4=.4=:
;=,=
 Hnuổh0 ]Ỗhn eỦe ]aỚhn
]aỚhn bà

Eƪ eẦu hỜl kỜ hnäha Hýhn hnalỎp Ěå eõ sỺ eauyễh mỂea trghn kj haõc hnäha Hýhn,
Iëc, ]aỮy sấh tafg aƴỒhn tãea eỺe0 nlấc tỾ trểhn tlễu hnäha hýhn hnalỎp tauẮh vä tąhn tỾ
trểhn trghn tlễu hnäha iëc hnalỎp vä ĚẾe klỎt iä tlễu hnäha taỮy sấh, tąhn tỢ :?,>% iàh

;=,=%. ]rghn nljl ĚgẪh ;4:4 - ;4:<, nlê trỂ sấh xuẦt tgäh hnäha
hnäha hýhn hnalỎp tafg nlê taỺe tặ
eỮj _lỎt Hjc Ěå tąhn ;,:: iẮh tỢ 5<?.6>? tỾ Ěổhn iàh 15?.;5= tỾ Ěổhn.
]lễu hnäha Hýhn hnalỎp tauẮh tąhn :,1> iẮh, tỢ 5:6.5:4 tỾ Ěổhn iàh 611.>4< tỾ Ěổhn2
Iëc hnalỎp tąhn ;,1> iẮh, tỢ :6.:5? tỾ Ěổhn iàh =5.=1= tỾ Ěổhn2 ]aỮy sấh tąhn 5,4< iẮh, tỢ
??.:54 tỾ Ěổhn iàh ;4=.4=: tỾ Ěổhn. ]lễu hnäha Hýhn hnalỎp tauẮh eõ nlê trỂ sấh xuẦt ejg
haẦt, ẻh hnäha ]aỮy sấh ẽ tỚe ĚỜ tąhn trƴỗhn cẪha haẦt.
Bau vỺe hýhn, iëc hnalỎp vä taỮy sấh eõ cỬe tąhn trƴỗhn truhn kéha trghn nljl ĚgẪh
;4:; - ;4:< ĚẪt ;,?1%, ĚẾe klỎt hąc ;4:1 ĚẪt cỬe tąhn trƴỗhn ejg haẦt 5,>?%. ĔlỊu häy
baẵhn ĚỂha xu taặ eauyễh ĚỖl eƪ eẦu hnäha Ěå paêt auy alỎu quấ. CẾt baêe, nlê kêh sấh paẬc
Ỗh ĚỂha eühn vỒl taỂ trƴồhn xuẦt baẬu Ěƴụe cỗ rỜhn iä ĚỜhn iỺe eaãha, taðe ĚẬy sấh xuẦt eỮj
bau vỺe häy.
;.:.= CỜt sỚ taêea taỬe eỮj hỊh hýhn hnalỎp _lỎt Hjc
]aỬ haẦt, hỊh hýhn hnalỎp hƴỒe tj vỊ eƪ kấh vẢh iä hỊh sấh xuẦt taý vỊ sấh paẬc,
taẦp vỊ Ěẵhn eẦp, tlàu tỚh halỊu hnuổh iỺe, Ửhn mỦhn bagj aểe eýhn hnaỎ vä eƪ nlỒl aõj
]rjhn :1


 

trghn hýhn hnalỎp eûh balàc tỚh, sỬe eẪha trjha vỒl bau vỺe vä taặ nlỒl eaƴj ejg2 taảc eaã,
ỗ cỜt sỚ iĬha vỺe ẻh Ěl sju taặ nlỒl bă xj.
]aỬ ajl, sấh xuẦt eûh haệ iẲ, cjha cðh, hąhn suẦt ijg ĚỜhn taẦp cä nlê taäha hýhn
sấh iẪl ejg, talặu tãha ilàh bặt trghn hỜl kỜ hnäha hýhn hnalỎp vä nlủj hnäha hýhn hnalỎp vỒl
eêe hnäha blha tặ baêe haƴ eýhn hnalỎp vä mỂea vỦ (haƴ eýhn hnalỎp aỞ trụ hnäha hýhn
hnalỎp eaẵhn aẪh), tẪg rj quê halỊu tẮhn hẦe truhn nljh trghn eauỞl nlê trỂ.
]aỬ kj, _lỎt Hjc Ěƴụe Ěêha nlê iä cỜt trghn haủhn quỚe nlj eaỂu ấha aƴỗhn hẾhn hỊ
haẦt tỢ klặh ĚỖl baã aảu. ]éha trẪhn hƴỒe klễh mëhn, xõl iỗ, xëc hnảp cẾh, klặh ĚỜhn taồl tlặt
hnäy ệhn eỺe Ěgjh, kẦt taƴồhn, bã blễc sgêt... sẳ nëy haủhn ấha aƴỗhn kẦt iụl eag vlỎe
 paêt trlễh hýhn hnalỎp.

Kàh eẪha Ěõ, mỂea kỎha tràh eëy trổhn, vảt huýl iuýh tlỊc Ậh hnuy eƪ kühn paêt, ĚẾe
 klỎt mỂea tấ iụh eaëu Tal Ěå ijh rỜhn vä mlỆh klặh paỬe tẪp, ấha aƴỗhn iỒh Ěặh tỚe ĚỜ tąhn
trƴỗhn eỮj hnäha vä nlê taỂt iụh Ějhn ỗ cỬe rẦt ejg…
]lặp Ěặh, ĚẮu tƴ väg hýhn hnalỎp eûh aẪh eaặ. HalỊu iĬha vỺe bagj aểe eýhn hnaỎ
cŬl haểh paỦe vỦ hýhn hnalỎp haƴ eýhn hnaỎ slha aểe, eýhn hnaỎ taýhn tlh, eýhn hnaỎ sju
tau agẪea vä eêe iĬha vỺe bagj aểe eỮj bỾ hnuyàh sỚ haƴ Lg], Klnmjtj, JL, Kigebeajlh,
[gkgtles vä tãha tgêh iƴụhn tợ… Ửhn mỦhn väg hýhn hnalỎp eûh talặu haëh iỺe tréha ĚỜ ejg2
ĚlỊu blỎh vảt eaẦt bỼ tauảt eỮj eêe eƪ sỗ hnalàh eỬu, Ěäg tẪg eûh kỂ tỦt aảu, baýhn Ěổhn kỜ sg
vỒl hau eẮu.

;.; _jl trû eỮj hýhn hnalỎp eýhn
eýhn hnaỎ ejg ĚỚl vỒl hýhn hnalỎp
hnalỎp hõl rlàhn vä hỊh blha tặ
_lỎt Hjc hõl eauhn
 Hýhn hnalỎp eýhn hnaỎ ejg Ěõhn nõp paẮh iỒh trghn cỬe tąhn trƴỗhn aẺhn hąc eỮj
hỊh hýhn hnalỎp _lỎt Hjc.]afg ^grimKjhb, hąhn suẦt yặu tỚ tỖhn aụp (]OT) eỮj hýhn
hnalỎp _lỎt Hjc Ěå tąhn baê hajha trghn ajl taảp bỾ vỢj quj (:<<4-:<<<0 ;.1?2 ;444-;4:;0
;.:1), haƴhn eŬhn nlỚhn haƴ tąhn trƴỗhn trghn hýhn hnalỎp (:<<4-:<<<0
( :<<4-:<<<0 =.;2 ;444-;4:;0 5.>)
tỚe ĚỜ tąhn eŬhn nlấc mẮh. Mjwf (;4:6) eag rẺhn trghn nljl ĚgẪh ;44:-;4:4, ]OT ealặc
6>% cỬe tąhn trƴỗhn hýhn hnalỎp _lỎt Hjc, trghn bal Ěõ egh sỚ tƴƪhn Ửhn tẪl eêe hƴỒe
]aêl Ijh, ]ruhn ZuỚe, Cjijyslj iẮh iƴụt iä 15%, 1?% vä <;%. ĔlỊu häy taễ alỎh rö, nljl
ĚgẪh häy hnäha hýhn hnalỎp Ějhn talặu ĚẮu tƴ vä hnalàh eỬu bagj aểe hn aỎ taỚhn ĚỖl
cỒl sêhn tẪg bìc păt trlễh.

]rjhn :<


 


 Aéha =0 Klễu Ěổ vỊ tỚe ĚỜ tąhn
tąhn trƴỗhn eỮj hnäha
hnäha Hýhn hnalỎp
hnalỎp nljl ĚgẪh
;44=-;4:? 

 Hnuổh0 ]Ỗhn eỦe ]aỚhn
]aỚhn bà
]rghn nljl ĚgẪh ;44= - ;4:?, tỚe ĚỜ tąhn trƴỗhn hýhn hnalỎp nlủ ỗ cỬe Ỗh ĚỂha. Hąc
;4:?, NMT eỮj hnäha Hýhn hnalỎp eaỌ tąhn :,5?%, cỬe taẦp haẦt trghn nljl ĚgẪh häy. ĔlỊu
häy eŬhn taễ alỎh rö rähn trghn tỚe ĚỜ tąhn trƴỗhn ]OT eỮj hnäha. ]lặh kỜ bỼ tauảt iä hnuổh
eaãha trghn tąhn trƴỗhn ]OT, haƴhn Ěõhn nõp eỮj tlặh kỜ bỼ tauảt hýhn hnalỎp Ěå eaảc iẪl
trghn haủhn hąc nẮh Ěëy. CẾt baêe vlỎe tajy ĚỖl quy cý vä alỎu quấ bỼ tauảt hnäy eähn
nlấc balặh hąhn suẦt hnäy eähn nlấc tafg taồl nljh.
 Aéha 60 Klễu
trƴỗhn ]OT eỮj hýh
hýhnn hnalỎp _lỎt Hjc nljl ĚgẪh
ĚgẪh ;44;-;4:? 
60 Klễu Ěổ vỊ tỚe ĚỜ tąhn trƴỗhn

 Hnuổh0 CMTL 
]rjhn ;4