MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT
VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF FORESTRY

FINAL THESIS
STYDY ON DIVERSITY OF MEDICINAL PLANTS IN TAN PHEO
COMMUNE, DA BAC DISTRICT, HOA BINH PROVINCE

Major: Natural Resources Management
Code: D850101
Faculty: Forest Resources and Environmental Management
Student: Vuong Kieu Anh
Student ID: 1453090988
Class: K59B Natural Resources Management
Course 2014-2018

Advanced Education Program Developed in collaboration with
Colorado State University, USA
Supervisor: Dr. Ha Quang Anh

!

Hanoi, October 2018


ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
During the process of learning and finishing this thesis, I have received guidance,
valuable help of the teachers and friends. Without their assistances, advice, collaborations and
supports, this thesis would not have been possible.
First and foremost, I would like to thank all teachers in Advanced Program for the
valuable knowledge and your enthusiasm to build strong background, especially my supervisor
- Dr. Anh Quang Ha. I am grateful to him for valuable guidance, supporting and comments

throughout the various stages of this thesis, what help me carry out this thesis.
Many thanks are due to my friends in K59 – Advanced Curriculum. You help me a lot
when I collect and analyze data. Thanks for study time we have been together at Vietnam
National Forestry University. I always appreciate our friendship.
Lastly, I express my gratitude to management board of Tan Pheo Commune. Thanks
Mr. Le Van Sinh – Head of Tan Pheo Commune and Mr Xa Van Sinh for your help when I was
in Tan Pheo Commune, and Ms. Trang for your directly guidance to help me collect valuable
data.

Hanoi, October 2018

Vuong Kieu Anh

i


ABSTRACT
Biodiversity deterioration is a deterioration in the quality and number of species that
adversely affect the lives of humans and nature. Vietnam is the world's 10th most biodiversityrich country, but speed of biodiversity degradation is classified as the fastest in the world. This
research will be conducted in Da Bac district, where there is a high diversity of medicinal plants.
The cultivation of medicinal plants in these places not only provides direct benefits to the
society such as food, medicine, medicines, energy, but also has special value in biotechnology,
in the practical application of agriculture, forestry and health.… It is also an important
component in the strategy to ensure quality of life, poverty reduction of the whole country and
Tan Pheo commune in particular. However, the overexploitation of natural resources and
unreasonable development planning negatively affects biodiversity, causing biodiversity
degradation in the area.

ii



TABLE OF CONTENT
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .................................................................................................... i
ABSTRACT .......................................................................................................................... ii
TABLE OF CONTENT ........................................................................................................ iii
ABBREVIATION ................................................................................................................. v
LIST OF TABLE .................................................................................................................. vi
LIST OF FIGURE ............................................................................................................... vii
I. Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 1
II. Objective, contents and research methods .......................................................................... 4
2.1. Objective: ....................................................................................................................... 4
2.2. Research contents: .......................................................................................................... 4
2.2.1. Diversity of medicinal plant in study area..................................................................... 4
2.2.2. Experience and use of medicinal plants of ethnic minorities in Tan Pheo commune ..... 4
2.2.3. Proposed solutions for management and sustainable use of medicinal plants in the study
area ........................................................................................................................................ 4
III. Methods: .......................................................................................................................... 5
3.1. Secondary data ................................................................................................................ 5
3.2. Setup the line and survey on the line ............................................................................... 5
3.3. Interview local people: .................................................................................................... 6
3.4. PRA method ................................................................................................................... 7
IV. OVERVIEW OF STUDY SITE ....................................................................................... 8
4.1. Natural characteristic ...................................................................................................... 8
4.1.1. Geographical location .................................................................................................. 8
4.1.2. Topography and hydrology .......................................................................................... 8
4.1.3. Climate ........................................................................................................................ 9
4.1.4. Soil condition ............................................................................................................... 9

iii



4.2. Population ....................................................................................................................... 9
4.3. Economic ...................................................................................................................... 10
4.3.1. Agricultural production .............................................................................................. 10
4.3.2 Livestock .................................................................................................................... 10
4.3.3. Forest production and exploitation ............................................................................. 11
4.4. The infrastructure .......................................................................................................... 11
4.4.1. Education ................................................................................................................... 11
4.4.2. Health ........................................................................................................................ 11
V. RESULTS ....................................................................................................................... 13
5.1. Diversity of life forms of medicinal plants.................................................................... 16
5.2. Experience and use of medicinal plants of ethnic minorities in Tan Pheo commune................ 20
5.3. Situation of planting medicinal plants in the locality ...................................................... 23
VI. CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................. 26
REFERENCES
APPENDIX

iv


ABBREVIATION

Acronym

Full

VU

Vulnerable


EN

Endangered

IUCN

International Union for Conservation of Nature

Ph

Phanerophyte

He

Hemicrytophyte

Ch

Chamaphytes

Th

Therophyte

Cr

Cryptophytes

v



LIST OF TABLE
Table 3.1: Table of line investigate ........................................................................................ 5
Table 3.2: Current status of using medicinal plants by local people ........................................ 6
Table 5.1. Composition of taxon medicinal plants in study area ........................................... 13
Table 5.2. Number of family, genus and species of Magnoliophyta division ........................ 14
Table 5.3. Top 10 most diverse medicinal plants in the study area........................................ 15
Table 5.4. Distribution of life forms ..................................................................................... 16
Table 5.5. The ratio of the parts of plants used as medicine .................................................. 17
Table 5.6. Variety of medicinal plants for treatment groups ................................................. 19
Table 5.7. Some medicinal products collected from local people.......................................... 21
Table 5.8. The rare medicinal plants in the study area .......................................................... 22

vi


LIST OF FIGURE
Figure 4.1. Map of study area............................................................................................... 12

vii


I. Introduction
Forest is a precious resource, is an important part of living-enviroment which is closely
related to ethnic minority’s life. Forest not only plays vital role in business but also is very
meaningful for science, gene conservation, biodiversity conservation, climate regulation,
watershed protection, disaster mitigation, preventing desertification, erosion control, flood
defence, ensurement national security and defence, also create stunning landscape for
biotourism, community tourism.
Long time ago, a number of people have cared about the medicinal plants which is

resource plant is essential for the local community in desease prevention. Besides, it is also
valuable for gene protection, provide for medicinal science.
Hitherto, Viet Nam is evaluated which one of countries that has a diverse resourse of
creature, medicinal resourse of plant is one of that, specially in Truong Son area. Additionally,
with experiences are saved through 4000 year’s history, made use of resourse for demands of
life such as: food, clothe, living, heathcare, and treatment, etc in 54 ethinic-communities. It is
big advantages in making use of resource of plants meanwhile resource of medicinal plants
contributes to enhance the quality of life and health for everyone specially for ethnic minority
who live in the remote, get a great deal of difficulties and their lives depend on natural resources
a lot and forest is one of them.
According to plant taxonomist, Viet Nam is the richest country of resource plants in
ASEAN where has around 12,000 high degree plants. There are 3,948 species that are used to
make medicine (Medicinal plants institude,2004) accounting 37% all of the researched species.
This number is not including traditional medicines that exist in 54 ethnic communities. Until
now, we have just known a part of it. In addition, agricultural scientists have identified 1,066
species of plants, including 179 species used in medicine. According to a survey conducted by
the Institute of Medicinal Materials in the period of 2002 - 2005, the number of medicinal plants
in some areas of the provinces associated with the Truong Son is as follows.: Đắc Lắc (751

1


species), Gia Lai (783 species), Kon Tum (814 species), Lâm Đồng (756 species). With such a
flora, the composition of medicinal plants is very rich and varied.
Health is one of the most crucial part of human-being, we are not always healthy and
some cases we get sick, get desease in which we need medicine to treat it and improve our daily
life. Specially for ethnic minority in the remote area in which the medicine is not always
available. Medicinal is an available resource living around people which is safe and powerful
to treat. That why traditional medicine is very necessary and extremely important. Sometimes
it is called “invisible power” to save human-being.

Through centuries, medicinal plants play an important role in maintaining health and
happiness in human community all over the world. Traditional experience about how to use
medicinal plants is researched in many different levels what relies on how developed country
is. Therefrom, each continent, each nation has built up a characteristic medicinal plants:
- Medicinal plants in Europe is very diverse and most of them are based upon the
traditional medicine. A doctor in Greek named Dioscorides wrote a book “De material Medica”
made a statistic about 600 medicinal plants; Nicholas Culpeper published “The English
Physitian” …
- China and India have a long-term traditional medicine. In China, Li Shizhen (16th
century) counted over 12,000 medicinal plants in “Compendium of Materia Medica”. In 1977
in the book “Encyclopedia of traditional Chinese remedies” counted that 5.757 words, the
majority is medicinal plants. In the book “Medicine plant” published in 1986 enumberated all
of the medicinal plants in China ever since. In India, traditional medicine, Ayurveda developed
very well, native knowledge was researched, evaluated and applied powerfully. According to
the statistic, there are 2,000 plants used for making medicine.
- In Viet Nam, a number of researches on medicinal plants was conducted very early,
associated with the names of famous doctors such as: Tue Tinh or Nguyen Ba Tinh (14th
Century) with “Nam duoc than hieu” including 11 books, 496 medicinal herbs, inside that there

2


are 241 medicines which originate from plants. Hai Thuong Lan Ong- Le Huu Trac (17211792) with “Linh Nam Ban Thao” collected 2854 medicinal herbs to treat by traditional
experience. Colonial France period, Western Reseacher such as: Crévost, Pétélot pulished
“Catalogue des produits de L’lndochine” (1928 - 1935) and “Les plantes de médicinales du
Cambodge, du Laos et du Vietnam” including 4 books made statistic 1482 medicinal herbs in
3 countries in Indo-Chinese. After the North was liberated in 1954, Vietnamese scientists have
many advantages in collecting, studying medicinal plants resources with many typical works
such as:
- Vu Van Chuyen, 1966, Summary of medicinal plant families.

- Do Tat Loi, 1986, Medicinal plants in Vietnam.
- Pham Hoang Ho, 1991-1993, Plants in Vietnam.
- Võ Văn Chi, 1996, Dictionary of medicinal plants in Vietnam.
- Tran Dinh Ly, 1997, 1900 useful plants in Vietnam.
- Nguyen Nghia Thin, 2001, Medicinal plants of Thai people in Con Cuong, Nghe An.
- Institute of Medicinal Materials, 2003, Medicinal plants and annimals in Vietnam.
- Ministry of Science and Technology, 2007, Vietnam Red Book.
At present, our forest resources are severely degraded, the decline in biodiversity,
including valuable indigenous medicinal plants, has also diminished. Researching, discovering
and conserving on the sustainable use of indigenous medicinal plant resources is a very
necessary issue in the current period. For ethnic communities in Tan Pheo commune - Da Bac
district - Hoa Binh province. Among them are the H'Mong community who have medicine,
very good experience, simply effective in healing. The issue is how to recognize and preserve
precious knowledge in the use of medicinal plants, remedies of the H'Mong ethnic community.
Starting from these practical requirements, I conducted research on the subject: "Study on
diversity of medicinal plant in Tan Pheo commune, Da Bac district, Hoa Binh province".

3


II. Objective, contents and research methods
2.1. Objective:
To capture the plant diversity characteristics of medicinal plants in Tan Pheo commune,
Da Bac district, Hoa Binh province
2.2. Research contents:
2.2.1. Diversity of medicinal plant in study area

-

Diversity of division level


-

Diversity of family level

-

Diversity of life forms of medicinal plant

-

Diversity of the parts of the plants used as medicine

-

Diversity of disease treatment

2.2.2. Experience and use of medicinal plants of ethnic minorities in Tan Pheo commune

-

The use of local medicinal plants and some medicinal products collected

-

List of rare medicinal plants in study area

-

Situation of planting medicinal plants in the locality


2.2.3. Proposed solutions for management and sustainable use of medicinal plants in the
study area

4


III. Methods:
3.1. Secondary data
Collect data bases on exist document and related report: data about natural, socioeconomic condition of study area; data from previous studies in the study area. Most of data
come from Statistic of Tan Pheo Commune, or Statistic of Da Bac district.
3.2. Setup the line and survey on the line
The survey aims to identify medicinal plants, medicinal plant diversity, life forms and
distribution of medicinal plants. Setup the line through different types of terrain of the study
area: road, village, upland fields, mountaint. On each survey line, each side of the route is within
10m depending on habitat and medicinal plant species statistics. On each line by a people
knowledgeable about medicinal plants. The contents and results of the survey according to the
line recorded in table 3.1
Table 3.1: Table of line investigate
Line No.:……………Date:…………………Investigator: ………….…….
Location:……………………………………………………………………
Start point:……………………End point:………………………………….
No.

Local name

Scientific name

Life form


Part used

Based on the results of the observation and the map of forest status, during the
investigation, we investigated the following line:
Line No. 1: From Mr. Dinh Van Binh’s family, between Xon village to Cham village,
about 5km

5


Line No. 2: From Mr. Dinh Van Binh’s family, between Xon village to the end of Than
village, about 3.5km
Line No. 3: Between Xon village to the end of Xon village, up to Khe Ngua Pass, about
6km
* Explain how to collect the information in each column of table 3.1 as follows:
- Local name - asked people in the study area.
- Scientific name derived from the list of plants in Vietnam.
- Life form - field observations and lists of plants in Vietnam.
- Part used – asked local people combine with lists of plants in Vietnam
+ Samples collection: trees that have not yet been identified or suspected, specimen
collection combined with specimen imaging for species identification.
3.3. Interview local people:
In addition of line investigate to ensure the content of the study we conducted interviews
with local people in the study area. Selected 20 households for interview, interviewees is Tay
ethnic family in Tan Pheo commune who used medicinal plant and priority interviewees were
heads or elders. The interview must include the local name, harvesting part, pre-processing,
preservation and utilization of local people. Interview results are recorded in Table 3.2
Table 3.2: Current status of using medicinal plants by local people
Full name: ...........................................................................Age: ..........................
Job: .......................................................................Sex: Male/Female

Addres: ...................................................................................................................
Number of people in family: ....................................................................................
Using medicinal plant: Yes/No

Sell: ……...............................

How many people can identify the medicinal plants: .............................................
Experience gained by whom: ..................................................................................
Grow the medicinal plants: Yes/No

6


Planted area: .........................
Species are usually collected: ...........................................................................
No. Common Local Life
name

name

Location Part Pre-

form

of

Function Exploitation Usability Grow

processing


situation

use
1
2
...

3.4. PRA method
Participatory rural appraisal (PRA) is a term used to describe new approaches and methods in
which rural people themselves do much more of the investigation, presentation, analysis,
planning, and dissemination than has been normal in the past.
PRA has three pillars: behavior; methods; and sharing. Behavior refers to changes in the
behavior and attitudes of outsiders, with self-critical awareness, embracing and learning from
error, and reversals of roles, with outsiders respecting, and learning from and with, rural people.
Methods refers to a continually expanding repertoire of methods of learning from, with and by
rural people. Sharing refers to a spirit of non-possessive openness, sharing knowledge, training,
methods and approaches between practitioners, between organizations, and between rural
people and each other and outsiders.
I use the PRA method to collect information on medicinal product as well as medicinal plants
commonly used by local people

7


IV. OVERVIEW OF STUDY SITE
4.1. Natural characteristic
4.1.1. Geographical location
- Tan Pheo is one commune in Da Bac district, Hoa Binh province. It is a commune
with geographical location:
+ To the north, it borders with Phu Tho province.

+ To the south, Tan Lac district, Cao Phong district, Mai Chau district.
+ To the west, it borders with Son La province.
+ The east borders with Hoa Binh city.
- On the coordinates of: 20o59’0”N; 105o30 to 105o2’34”E. It is about 110 km from
Hanoi.
- Tan Pheo commune include 7 villages (Than, Cham, Phon, Nay, Buong, Bon và Thung
Lung)
- The total area of Tan Pheo commune is 47,5 km2. The total population in 1999 was
3130 peoples and the population density are 66 persons / km2.
4.1.2. Topography and hydrology
Topography
Tan Pheo has the highest height of 1,349m, the average height of 600m, the lowest height
is 300m above sea level. The average slope is over 300, Length of slope 1000 - 2000m, rugged,
difficult to travel. The commune's terrain is separated by high mountainous systems and interlaced
valleys. Tan Pheo has a total natural land area of 4,727.11 ha. Of which, agricultural land covers
an area of 2,067.91 hectares; forestry land: 1,992.73 hectares; non-agricultural land 144,88 ha;
The rest are other land types.
Geological
Tan Pheo has high mountainous terrain, most of the land is mountain and rocky land.
There are 3 main types of bedrocks: limestone, marble and sandstone.

8


4.1.3. Climate
Tan Pheo is located in the tropical monsoon. There are four seasons: spring, summer,
autumn and winter; According to the rainfall, there are two distinct seasons: rainy season and
dry season. The rainy season lasts from May to October, the average temperature from 25-320C,
there are days up to 400C due to the influence of Southwest wind (Laos wind) dry, hot, the
prevailing wind direction is the southeast monsoon. Dry season lasts from November last year

to April next year, the average temperature from 15 - 220C, with the prevailing wind direction
is the northeast monsoon. Average rainfall is 1,570 mm / year, average humidity is 80%.
4.1.4. Soil condition
Cause of mountainous terrain, Tan Pheo has a diversified system of streams, sources of
water for production and living for local people mainly from streams: Nhap, Nhon, Nay, Pheo.
In addition, there are many small streams and canals.
In Tan Pheo there are two main land groups:
The humus feralit soil, from red to yellow in the mountain forest (700 - 1700 m height) area
of 3,800 ha, accounting for 67.3% of the total area.
Feralit soil group, yellow, light yellow on bare land or shrubs, upland fields (with the
height of less than 800m) developed on sandstone, limestone, marble, area of 1,300 ha.
4.2. Population
The commune consists of 7 population groups, distributed mainly along the route 433,
which is 16 km long. Population of the commune has 907 households with 4234 people. Of
which: Tay ethnic group occupies 72.6%; Dao ethnic group accounts for 14.2%; Muong ethnic
group accounts for 10.4%; Kinh ethnic account for 2.6% and other ethnic groups account for
0.2%.
Labor: The region has a total labor force of 1382 people, of which: agricultural labor
has 1329 people (accounting for 96.1% of the total labor force), non-agricultural laborers have
53 people (3.9% labor).

9


The commune has 559 poor households, accounting for 61.6% of the total households
of the commune, down 7.1% compared to 2016. The number of near-poor households is 210,
accounting for 24.2% of the total number of households in the commune, increasing by 7.4%
compared to 2016. However, up to now, no decision has been issued by the District People's
Committee on poor households, near-poor households in 2017
4.3. Economic

4.3.1. Agricultural production
Cultivation activities in the commune are mainly food crops and some small areas of
fruit trees and industrial crops. The area of agricultural land of Tan Pheo commune in 2015 is
as follows:
Table 4.1. Structure of agricultural land of Tan Pheo commune

No.

Soil type

Area

Total

113.58

1

Annual crop land

60.64

-

Rice fields

60.64

-


Other annual crops

2

Mixed garden

47.54

3

Perennial crops

4.7

4

Water surface

0.7

5

Pasture

4.3.2 Livestock
livestock is an important income generating activity for the local community, providing
on-the-spot goods, meeting consumer demand and improving living conditions. The majority
of the community is raising buffalos, cows, pigs, chickens, ducks, geese, goats, etc. Over the
past years, the number of cattle and poultry in the commune has risen the fastest, especially in
10



cows and buffaloes, due to increasing consumption of beef in the market. According to statistics
in 2015, 1,872 buffaloes, 1,652 cows, 4,010 cows. Mainly grazing on barren hills and natural
forests.
4.3.3. Forest production and exploitation
In fact, illegal logging and illegal hunting, burning forest for cultivation on a small scale
are still occurring in the area. Due to traditional, due to poor living conditions, especially lack
of productive land, some households have been stealthily encroaching on the forest for
conservation. The exploitation of medicinal plants, firewood, non-timber forest products such
as rattans, bamboo shoots and hunting and trapping of animals (traditional of Dao people) still
occur. These NTFPs are used by households for domestic use and some are sold.
4.4. The infrastructure
4.4.1. Education
Total number of schools in the commune: 04 schools, incluede:
- 01 secondary schools with 179 students and 12 teachers;
- 02 primary schools with 388 students and 32 teachers;
- 01 kindergarten with 207 students and 22 teachers.
4.4.2. Health
Medical staffs are also trained in basic and sufficiently to meet the initial medical
examination and treatment for the people in the commune with 01 doctor, 04 general doctors,
02 midwives and 01 pharmacist.

11


Figure 4.1. Map of study area

12



V. RESULTS
Diversity of medicinal plant in the study area
Diverse at the division level
During the survey, data collection from flora species, I have collected 131 species, 129
genus and 69 familia belonging to four valuable divisions. Data are shown in Table 5.1.
Table 5.1. Composition of taxon medicinal plants in study area
Familia
No. Division

Genus

Species

Number Ratio Number Ratio Number Ratio
(%)

(%)

(%)

1

Lycopodiophyta

1

1.45

1


0.83

1

0.76

2

Polypodiophyta

3

4.35

4

3.33

4

3.05

3

Pinophyta

2

2.90


2

1.67

2

1.53

4

Magnoliophyta

63

91.30

113

94.17

124

94.66

Total

69

100.0


120

100.0

131

100.0

Through the analysis of Table 5.1 shows that the species of medicinal plants in the study
area are abundant and diverse in number and ratio as follows:

- Lycopodiophyta division has 1 family (1.45%), 1 genus (0.83%), 1 specie (0.76%).
- Pinophyta division has 2 families (2.90%), 2 genus (1.67%) and 2 species (1.53%).
- Polypodiophyta division has 3 families (4.35%), 4 Genus (3.33%), 4 species (3.05%).
- Magnoliophyta division with highest number of families, genus and species: 63 families
(91.30%), 113 genus (94.17%) and 124 species (94.66%).
The results of the analysis of the taxon of Magnoliophyta division are shown in Table
5.2.

13


Table 5.2. Number of family, genus and species of Magnoliophyta division
Family
Class

Genus

Species


Number Ratio Number Ratio Number Ratio
(%)

(%)

(%)

Magnoliopsida

56

88.89

101

89.38

107

86.29

Liliopsida

7

11.11

12


10.62

17

13.71

Total

63

100.0

113

100.0

124

100.0

The table 5.2 shows, Magnoliopsida dominant with 107 species, 101 genus, 56 families
occupied 86.29% of total species, 89.38% and 88.89% of total genus and families compare with
Liliopsida: 17 species, 12 genus and 7 families, occupied 13.71% of total species, 10.62% of total
genus and 11.11% total of families. This shows that the Magnoliopsida play a major role in the flora
in the study area.

14


Diversity at family level

I have listed top 10 most diverse medicinal plants in the study area in Table 5.3.
Table 5.3. Top 10 most diverse medicinal plants in the study area
Genus
No.

Family name

Vietnamese’s name

Number

Species
Ratio

Number

(%)

Ratio
(%)

1

Asteraceae

Họ Cúc

11

9.17


11

8.40

2

Lamiaceae

Họ Hoa môi

3

3.33

3

2.29

3

Araceae

Họ Ráy

5

4.17

5


3.82

4

Euphorbiaceae

Họ Thầu dầu

5

4.17

5

3.82

5

Poaceae

Họ Lúa

5

4.17

5

3.82


6

Zingiberaceae

Họ Gừng

4

3.33

5

3.82

7

Moraceae

Họ Dâu tằm

4

3.33

5

3.82

8


Fabaceae

Họ Đậu

4

3.33

5

3.82

9

Caesalpiniaceae

Họ Vang

4

3.33

4

3.05

Họ Cỏ roi ngựa

2


1.67

3

2.29

Sum

48

40.83

51

38.93

Residual

72

59.17

80

61.07

Total

120


100

131

100

10 Verbenaceae

15


The results show that 10 families with the largest number of species in the study area
include: Asteraceae, Lamiaceae, Araceae, Euphorbiaceae, Poaceae, Zingiberaceae, Moraceae,
Fabaceae, Caesalpiniaceae and Verbenaceae. The total number of species of these 10 families
is 51 species, accounting for 38.93% of the total number of species found in the study area, and
48 out of 120 genus accounts for 40.83%. These are families with many species in Vietnam,
focused on shrubs, easy to exploit, easy to recover.
5.1. Diversity of life forms of medicinal plants
According to the system of division of plant life forms “Name of forest trees in Vietnam
2000”, There are 8 major life forms in the study area. The results of the study are presented in
Table 5.4.
Table 5.4. Distribution of life forms
No.

Life forms

Number of species

Ratio %


1

Herbaceous

55

41.99

2

Woody

28

21.37

3

Shrub

22

16.79

4

Creeper

10


7.63

5

Vines

9

6.87

6

Tubers, roots

5

3.82

7

Palmae

2

1.53

131

100


Total

As shown in Table 5.4, the herbaceous used for medicinal plants has the largest number
of species, with 55 species accounting for 41.99%, 28 species of woody species accounting for
21.37%, followed by shrubs accounting for 16.79% and at least Palmae occupies 1.53%.
It can be seen that the woody is ranked second in the life forms used as medicine.
Therefore, the unreasonable harvesting the parts of the medicinal plants not only affects the
growth and development of timber in particular, but also affects the structure of the main forest
floor in general.
On the other hand, the medicinal plants used by the healers are taken from the forest,

16


the plants grown in the home garden are not many and are often used to treat common diseases.
With the concept of local people, they think that the medicinal plants are taken from the forest
better for healing and the cultivation of medicinal plants at home is not simple, especially the
rare medicinal species. Moreover, the purpose of growing medicinal plants in the garden of
local people is simply to reduce the distance to collect the medicine in the forest, but not
consciously aware of the issue of conservation. The essential issue here is the need for education
policies for people to be aware of the benefits from the forest so that they can use it properly
and protect the local medicinal resources.
Studying the life forms of plants as medicinal plants has important implications, the
results not only show what life forms are used, but also the direction for finding, use as well as
find measures to cultivate, protect high efficiency
Diversity of the parts of medicinal plants
Studying the used parts of plants helps to make efficient use of material and to orientate the
analyses of the chemical composition as well as its pharmacological properties. In order to know
the diversity of using different parts of plants for medicine, the preliminary results are shown in

Table 5.5
Table 5.5. The ratio of the parts of plants used as medicine
No.

Part

Number

Ratio (%)

1

All

28

21.37

2

Root

24

18.32

3

Leaf


18

13.74

4

Trunk

18

13.74

5

Bark

10

7.63

6

Seed

10

7.63

7


Fruit

9

6.87

8

Tuber

6

4.58

9

Sap

5

3.82

10

Flower

2

1.53


11

Treetop

1

0.76

17