MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT
VIETNAM FORESTRY UNIVERSITY

STUDENT THESIS
RESEARCHING TO CONSERVATION OF MELIENTHA
SUAVIS PIERRE IN XUAN SON NATIONAL PARK, PHU
THO PROVINCE

Major: Natural Resources Management (Advanced Curriculum)
Code: D850101
Faculty: Forest Resources and Environmental Management

Student: Nguyen Thi Hong Quyen

Student ID: 1453090152

Class: K59B Natural Resources Management

Course: 2014 - 2018

Advanced Education Program
Developed in Collaboration with Colorado State University, USA

Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Vu Quang Nam

Hanoi, September 2018


TABLE OF CONTENTS

TABLE OF CONTENTS........................................................................................................ i

ACRONYMS ........................................................................................................................ iii
LIST OF FIGURE ................................................................................................................ iv
LIST OF TABLE ................................................................................................................... v
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .................................................................................................... vi
ABSTRACT......................................................................................................................... vii
1. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................. 1
2. GOAL AND OBJECTIVES .............................................................................................. 3
2.1 Goal .............................................................................................................................. 3
2.2 Objectives ..................................................................................................................... 3
3. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ...................................................................................... 4
3.1 Study area ..................................................................................................................... 4
3.2 General research methodology..................................................................................... 5
3.3 Specific investigation methods .................................................................................... 5
3.3.1 Investigation of reconnaissance ............................................................................. 5
3.3.2 Detailed investigation ............................................................................................ 6
3.4 Internal processing methods ....................................................................................... 11
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ...................................................................................... 12
4.1 Results of morphological, ecological and phenological characteristics of Melientha
suavis Pierre species in Xuan Son National Park............................................................. 12
4.1.1 Morphological characteristics ............................................................................. 12
4.1.2 Ecological characteristics .................................................................................... 13
4.1.3 Phenological characteristics ................................................................................ 13
4.1.4 Distribution of Melientha suavis Pierre ............................................................... 14
i


4.2 Investigation the regeneration of Melientha suavis Pierre specie by transect............ 16
4.3 Indigenous knowledge of local people on the status of planting, exploitation and use
of Melientha suavis Pierre specie ..................................................................................... 17
4.3.1 Planting situation ................................................................................................. 18

4.3.2 Situation of exploitation and use ......................................................................... 22
4.4 Propose sustainable conservation, spread development of the valuable plant
Melientha suavis Pierre specie in the community area. ................................................... 26
5. CONCLUSION ................................................................................................................ 28
6. REFERENCES ................................................................................................................ 29
7. APPENDICES ................................................................................................................. 31
7.1 List of Melientha suavis Pierre mature in Xuan Son National Park by transect ........ 31
7.2 List of Melientha suavis Pierre regeneration in Xuan Son National Park by transect36
7.3 Field survey form ....................................................................................................... 40
7.4 Interviewees list of local people in Xuan Son National Park..................................... 42
7.5 Photographs of Melientha suavis species in the study area. ...................................... 43

ii


ACRONYMS

NP

National Park

UNDP

The United Nations Development Program

NTFPs

Non-timber forest products

MARM


Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development

iii


LIST OF FIGURE

Figure 3.1 Figure of five transects in Xuan Son National Park ............................................. 7
Figure 4.1 The percentage of seasonal of Melientha suavis Pierre in Xuan Son National
Park ...................................................................................................................................... 19
Figure 4.2 The percentage of planting method of Melientha suavis Pierre ......................... 20
Figure 4.3 The percentage of care for Melientha suavis Pierre after planting..................... 21
Figure 4.4 Change in quantity of Melientha suavis Pierre in 2008-2018 ............................ 23
Figure 4.5 The percentage of time for harvesting per one month of local people ............... 25

iv


LIST OF TABLE
Table 3.1 Investigation the Melientha suavis Pierre specie characteristics by transect ........ 8
Table 3.2 Investigation natural regeneration along the survey transect ................................ 9
Table 3.3 Interviewees list in Xuan Son National Park ....................................................... 10
Table 4.1 Diagram of biological phenomena of phenology phases of Melientha suavis
species .................................................................................................................................. 14
Table 4.2 Melientha suavis Pierre in Xuan Son National Park ........................................... 16
Table 4.3 The regeneration of Melientha suavis Pierre in Xuan Son National Park ........... 17
Table 4.4 The quality and height of regeneration of Melientha suavis Pierre in Xuan Son
National Park ....................................................................................................................... 17
Table 4.5 Seasonal of Melientha suavis Pierre in Xuan Son National Park ........................ 18

Table 4.6 Planting method of Melientha suavis Pierre ........................................................ 20
Table 4.7 Caring for Melientha suavis Pierre after planting................................................ 21
Table 4.8 Techniques for exploiting Melientha suavis Pierre of local people in Xuan Son
National Park ....................................................................................................................... 24
Table 4.9 Time for harvesting per one month of local people ............................................. 25

v


ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Foremost, I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my advisor Assoc. Prf. Dr.
Vu Quang Nam from College of Forestry Biotechnology, Viet Nam National University of
Forestry for his continuous support of my student thesis study and research, for his
motivation, enthusiasm, and immense knowledge. His guidance helped me in the time of
research and writing of this thesis.
Beside my advisor, I wish to extend my thanks to express my heartfelt gratitude to
Prof. Dr. Lee Macdonald, Department of Ecosystem Science and Sustainability, Colorado
State University, for his guidance, patience, and providing my class with an excellent
atmosphere for our research. I would also thank to the director, Dr. Pham Van Long, vice
director, Dr. Tran Dang Hung and all of officers in Xuan Son National Park, for their
giving information about the local area and culture that helped me a lot in this study
I would also thank to all informants, who support me for my interview. My research
would not have been possible without their helps.
Lastly, I would like to thank to my family: my parents who always support to me and
my friends who helped me in my research.

vi


ABSTRACT


Melientha suavis Pierre are used as a daily food by the people as well as bring
significant economic value. However, Melientha suavis Pierre are endangered species.
This study intends to documents information on characteristics of Melientha suavis Pierre
by local people in Xuan Son National Park and to preserve this value species as the
biomedical remedies in the future. The open-ended and semi-structured interviews are the
methods to document knowledge of 30 local people (21 men and 9 women) in the situation
of planting, exploitation and use. Resulting from this study showed that a total of 126
species and 84 regenerated species as belonging to 5 transects. In addition, local people
rely mainly on the experience gained to carry out propagation, care and harvesting
methods. Thus, the effective is not high and also effect to growth and development of
specie. The present study highlights important of Melientha suavis Pierre specie by
validating their traditional uses. High value of this specie can improve local economies by
developing plan for conservation, sustainable uses and developments.

vii


1. INTRODUCTION

Melientha suavis Pierre is a wild vegetable used by people for a long time. This is
not only good food but also very high nutritional value. In Vietnam, in addition to Huong
Pagoda (formerly Ha Tay, now in Hanoi), vegetable growing is popular in many northern
provinces such as Lao Cai, Yen Bai, Cao Bang, Lang Son, Bac Kan, Kon Tum, Lam Dong,
Be river, Ba Ria-Vung Tau, etc.
Melientha suavis Pierre is one of the plants that not only enhances biodiversity in
the forest ecosystem, but also provides food for human consumption. Shoots, leaves,
clusters, flowers, young fruit are used to make soup, cooked fruit to eat. This specie that
make high economic value, the households collected the young buds for sale at an average
price of 60,000vnd / kg, and 80,000 / kg of seeds (2017). Besides, this is a specialty plant,

medicinal herbs, which help to green the hills, protect the ecological environment. It
growing scattered under limestone forest canopy, naturally distributed in the research site.
In recent years, due to overexploitation, the quantity and quality of Melientha
suavis Pierre in the wild have been greatly reduced. The demand of the market for fresh
vegetable sources is increasing, and because of the high income from vegetables, the local
people are trying to exploit it in the wild. At the same time due to the habitat was destroyed
so far the number of individuals remaining in nature is not much, there is a risk of losing
the breed. Melientha suavis Pierre has been listed in Vietnam Red Book 2007 VU B1 + 2e.
However, local people only stop at the collection in the wild, no conservation measures,
planting for long-term use.
For those reasons, I come up with a goal for conservation of Melientha suavis
Pierre in Xuan Son National Park, Phu Tho province to be my study in order to have some
solutions to conservation Melientha suavis Pierre.
1


The situation of research and conservation in Xuan Son National Park: In
recent years, Xuan Son National Park has coordinated with organizations and individuals
to carry out surveys and assess the diversity of the flora here. During the implementation,
many rare and valuable plant species have been surveyed and found to have economic and
conservation value. Besides, based on the results of the survey, there are solutions to
zoning, protecting and promoting the value of rare and precious plants. With the results of
the survey in each period, Xuan Son National Park has discovered and added many new
plants to the list of plants of the garden as well as the country and the world. The results of
the 2002 survey included a total of 726 plant species; There were 1217 species in 2005; In
2012 there are 1249 species. In particular, in 2013-2014, Xuan Son National Park
coordinated with scientists from the Vietnam Nature Museum to investigate the field in
combination with the collected specimens and identified two Ginger species complement
the list of plants in Vietnam. In it, one species belongs to Rieng (Alpinia pholyatha), one
species belongs to Sa Nhan (Amomum puiressens). These results have added to the

vegetation list of Xuan Son National Park to 1259 species.
The focus on scientific research is of great importance in the conservation of
biodiversity in Xuan Son National Park. This will provide the basis for solutions to
preserve and promote natural resource values, contributing to propaganda, education and
community awareness in forest management and conservation biological species and rare
plants. In order to create the Xuan Son National Park as a living museum, a place to store
plant genetic resources for Vietnam as well as the whole human race.
In 2004, the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) funded 2.4 billion
VND for Xuan Son National Park. In 2005, the national park management board planted
50 ha of Melientha suavis Pierre specie and collected 7 tons of ripe fruits (about 140
million VND) and is expected to develop 100 ha of this specie. According to Mr. Pham
Van Long - Director of Xuan Son National Park: National Park Management Board is
continuing to propagate to provide for the people. Three models have been propagated in
Minh Dai, Tan Son and Dong Son communes.
2


2. GOAL AND OBJECTIVES

2.1 Goal
To contribute to species conservation Melientha suavis Pierre in the Xuan Son National
Park
2.2 Objectives
The main objectives of this study are:
1) To provide some biological characteristics of Melientha suavis Pierre at Xuan Son
National Park.
2) Originally summarize the experience of people in the process of exploiting,
cultivating and using Melientha suavis Pierre species in the research site.
3) To provide solution for conservation and development of Melientha suavis Pierre in
the research site.


3


3. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Study area
Xuan Son National Park is a national park of Tan Son District, Phu Tho Province,
is located in the extreme southeast of the Hoang Lien mountain range, 45 km south-west of
the confluence of the Red River and Black river. In 1986 it was established as National
Prohibition Forest, was transferred into Nature Reserve in 1992 and in 2002 it was
conceded as National Park. Xuan Son National Park is from 21º03’ to 21º12’ North
latitude and from 104º51’ to 105º01’ East longitude. Xuan Son National Park covers an
area of 15.048 hectares, includes 3 main zones: Strict protection zone (9099 ha),
Ecological restoration zone (5737 ha), Services administration zone (212 ha). The area of
buffer zone is 18.639 ha. It is the largest national park in Vietnam 12th with forest
coverage of 84%, so it is a green and attractive hot spots of the Northwest.
The topography of the Xuan Son National Park with steep slopes, limestone soil
mix improved gradually from east to west and from south to north. Xuan Son National
Park is located in the extreme southeast of the Hoang Lien mountain range, in the Red
River basin. Xuan Son's elevation is lower than elsewhere in the Hoang Lien Mountains:
2000 m above the nearest point 40 kilometers north-west. Limestone covers 1661 hectares,
equivalent to 30% of the area karst of national park. It contains a large number of caves,
some of which contain the river system. Xuan Son National Park is only 2432 hectares of
primary forest are standing on a limestone mountain. Xuan Son National Park owns a
system of forest biological diversity, high biodiversity and diverse terrain, forming a
variety of forest landscapes.
The climate in Xuan Son National Park is tropical monsoon, each year there are
two seasons: hot and cold seasons. With pure water and clean air, the average temperature
is 22-23 degrees Celsius all year round. Cold season is from November to March next year.
4



In hot season, the weather is hot, humid and rainy. The lowest temperature is less than 20
degrees Celsius in January. The highest temperature reaches 40 degrees Celsius in June.
Xuan Son National Park is endowed with diverse ecosystem with valuable plant
and animal species, unspoiled natural beauty. The natural vegetation in Xuan Son is
lowland and lower mountain evergreen forest. There is a diversity of vegetation with
hundreds of species of plants and trees, a variety of wild animals and rare natural beautiful
waterfalls and caves.
Xuan Son National Park is lie on headwater of Bua river with many streams
derived from top of mountain. The annual average rainfall is 1500-2000mm. Maximum
rainfall is 2453mm. Minimum rainfall is 1414mm.The river system of the Xuan Son
National Park is quite thick. The total length of the river is 120 km and the average width
of the river is 200m. Generally, the climate in Xuan Son is fresh all year round, cool in
summer and warm in winter.
3.2 General research methodology
- Using the secondary literatures: Refer the existing research results on natural
conditions in the research site.
3.3 Specific investigation methods
3.3.1 Investigation of reconnaissance
Proceeding on the map of the area to be investigated, investigated in order to:
- Identify the research site where Melientha suavis Pierre specie is distributed.
- Preliminary identification and extension of the survey line to ensure that it
passes through the representative forest types, where the species is studied.
Using PRA tool: PRA is a growing combination of approaches and methods that
enable rural people to share, enhance and analyze their knowledge of life and conditions, to
5


plan and act and to monitor and evaluate. The role of the outsider is that of a catalyst, a

facilitator of processes within a community which is prepared to alter their situation
(Compare Chambers 1995 and 1997). Tool are often used in PRA: Interviews with local
people
3.3.2 Detailed investigation
a) Morphological investigation
Through the preliminary investigation and interview local people in Xuan Son
national park on the distribution and morphological characteristics, the species usually
grows in rocky mountains, complex terrain, distribution is not focus so can not set up plot,
so investigate in transect. There are:
- Transect 1: Du hamlet to the top of Ten mountain (6 km)
- Transect 2: Lap hamlet to Can mountain (7.5 km)
- Transect 3: Ben Than hamlet to Can mountain (5 km)
- Transect 4: Ben Than hamlet to Bang mountain (4 km)
- Transect 5: Tan Long hamlet to Chin Tang waterfall (3 km)

6


Figure 3.1 Figure of five transects in Xuan Son National Park
The total length of five transects is 22.5 km. I surveyed in 5 days with the help of
one local people (Mr. Ban Van Hoi) and one forest ranger (Mr. Tran Dang Manh).
The survey transect is about 10-20m wide, we observation Melientha suavis Pierre
species to count how many species in transect, collect the growth targets, describe the
morphological characteristics and assessment of the growth of Melientha suavis Pierre
species in the wild.

We selection of mature trees and typical regenerated trees for

investigation and morphological description of the species for the purpose of detecting new
characteristics compared to published documents. Description details: Root, stem, bark,

leaf, flower, etc.

7


+ Measure the size of leaves with precision to mm, leaf length, breadth width, stem length.
+ Measure the number of veins left, right, shape and vein leaf.
+ Size of flowers and fruits (if any)
+ Description of trees: general shape, canopy,…
+ Take photo for documentation.
Table 3.1 Investigation the Melientha suavis Pierre specie characteristics by transect
Transect No:………………………………………………………………………………….
Date:…………………………………………………………………………………………

No. Coordinates

Elevation
(m)

Height
(m)

Ecosystem

Diameter
(m)

Status

Note


1
2
…

b) Investigate of the regeneration of Melientha suavis Pierre specie
In each transect, we observe the regeneration status of this specie, specially on 1/3
of the length on transect. Attention is around the seed tree. Then, establish quadrat 30m2 to
survey around seed tree (in a crown and outside the crown) to evaluate the regeneration
status of Melientha suavis Pierre species in research site.
- Investigate the height of regenerated species by ruler or tape measure.
- A survey on the quality of plant growth using by naked eye observation, based
on the experience of the investigator. The quality of regenerated species is divided into 3
level:
8


+ Good tree is the tree canopy well and equally development, body straight, not
disabled, not diseased.
+ Normal tree is the tree grows more slowly than good, not crooked, diseased,
topless and less disability.
+ Bad tree are skewed tree canopy, left concentrate on top, poor growth, many
defects, diseases and pests.
- Collect the regeneration data of Melientha suavis Pierre species to determine the
seedlings which are regeneration from seeds or stump sprouts. We collect species on
transect by the same way with collect mature trees. If the original tree grows straight and
that means regeneration from seed. If the stem grows curved and below often have to
winding, it is regenerated from stump sprout.
The results are recorded in the table 3.2 below.
Table 3.2 Investigation natural regeneration along the survey transect

Transect No:…………………………………………………………………...
Date:……………………………………………………………………….......

Height (cm)

Regeneration

Status

form

No.
<50

50100

>100

Seed

Stump
sprout

1
2
3
…

9


Good

Medium

Bad


c) Interview method
Working with forest rangers to discuss about the distribution, ecological
characteristics of species and collect information then make a list of planters.
Conducting household interviews (interviewing 30 people) in the study area,
especially the elderly who have experience in exploiting, using, planting, etc.
+ Investigating, interviewing people about planting techniques
+ Investigating and interviewing the exploitation and use situation
+ Investigate, interview community-based conservation solutions
After the interview, the list of respondents is summarized in Table 3.3.
Table 3.3 Interviewees list in Xuan Son National Park
No

Name

Age

Ethnic

Job

Note

1

2
…
30

We prepare questionnaires:
- Interview ranger:
+ What is local name of Melientha suavis Pierre species?
+ What is the main elevation distribution of this species?
+ What is climate in Xuan Son national park? Does it have the differences between
each elevation?
10


+ Did Xuan Son national park have illegal logging? If have, how many violation
per year?
- Interview local people:
+ Did you know about the Melientha suavis Pierre or not? Do you often use this
wild vegetables? If so, how do you use it?
+ What is the value of it?
+ What are the conservation methods for this species?
+ Can you tell about techniques to plant Melientha suavis Pierre?
3.4 Internal processing methods
First, summarize all documents, interview results and photos collected during the
survey. Then calculate the data processing method of statistical mathematical application
in forestry by computer software.
Application of statistical processing EXCEL software to synthesize and evaluate
the results of the investigation.
Formula to calculate percentage:
Percentage (%) = n.100 / N
Where:


n: number of households surveyed
N: total number of households surveyed

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4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
4.1 Results of morphological, ecological and phenological characteristics of Melientha
suavis Pierre species in Xuan Son National Park.
- Order: Santalales
- Family: Opiliaceae
- Genus: Melientha
- Scientific name: Melientha suavis Pierre
- Vietnamese name: cây rau sắng, cây mì chính, rau ngót rừng, rau ngót quế.
4.1.1 Morphological characteristics
Small wood, evergreen plant, height about 6-18 m, usually cylindrical and smooth,
diameter about 13-30 cm. Bark is white gray, cracked vertically into 2 - 3 mm depths, 3 to 4 mm
apart. Thick bark about 3 - 5 mm, soft, white, smooth. Smooth shoots, soft, green color, leaves
slightly drooping.
Single alternate leaf, 7-12 cm in length, 3-6 cm in wide, slightly pointed or wedgeshaped. Leaf veins have 4-6 pairs, small veins are not distinguish clearly. Green leaf blade
is slightly thick, smooth, and glossy. Young leaves soft, easy to crush, sweet.
Bisexual flower, grow into clustered. The flower cluster is 10 - 13 cm in length,
growing densely on the stem and old branches. Small female flower without stalk, 2 mm in
wide, green color, brittle, blossoming flowers smell fragrant.
Nuts, green white color, 1.5-2 cm in length, 1.3 to 1.5 cm in wide. Fruit shell is
smooth. Fleshy fruit, slightly sweet taste, green in color, one seed, with fibers and white
color.

12



4.1.2 Ecological characteristics
The plant is scattered in evergreen closed forest tropical rainforest, with an average
temperature of 22-24 degree Celsius, rainfall of 2000-2,500mm and average humidity of 84%.
Meth lives in humid soil that grows under the foliage of other trees. It is suitable for limestone
valleys, at altitudes below 700 m, with the following species: Garcinia fagraeoides,
Burretiodendron tonkinense, Aglaia sp., Garcinia oblongifolia, Elaeocarpus griffithii;
Aglaia spectabilis, Castanopsis echinocar, Bischofia javanica, Canarium album,...
4.1.3 Phenological characteristics
Phenology is the natural phenomenon of all plants, is study of cyclic and seasonal
natural phenomena in a year (Thai Van Trung, 2000). Research the characteristics of
phenology are basic development of planning and identifying appropriate silvicultural
technology that affect the development stages of forest in order to obtain the best quality
seedlings. Therefore, the study of the phenology and morphology of plants is necessary,
especially the vegetative organs (deciduous, young leaves,…) and the reproductive organs
(bud, bloom, fruit). Through the references documents and interviews, the results in Table
4.4 below

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Table 4.1 Diagram of biological phenomena of phenology phases of Melientha suavis
species

Characteristics Month
1
Vegetative
organs


2

Bud

x

Young
leaves

x

Bloom
Reproductive
organs

3

4

5

x

x

x

x

Fruit


x

Ripe
fruits

6

7

x

x
x

8

9

x

x

10

11

12

Source: Xuan Son National Park (2018)

Through table 4.1, we can see the difference of flowering season and ripening fruit
time. According to the Red Book of Vietnam (2007), the A species are flowering in AprilMarch, the main fruit in June-August, but when the field survey combined with the
interviews of people, the flowering season in April-May, ripe fruit in July-September. This
result is due to the differences in soil conditions in each study site. In addition, due to the
changing climate, it will also affect the ability of flowering time of this species.
4.1.4 Distribution of Melientha suavis Pierre
Worldwide: Indochina, Thailand, Philippines and Malaysia.
In Vietnam, Melientha suavis Pierre is distributed in the Northern mountainous
provinces such as: Cao Bang, Lang Son, Son La, Hoa Binh, Phu Tho (Xuan Son National
Park), Ha Noi (Huong pagoda) ...
In Xuan Son NP: scattered in the park's strict protection.
- Evergreen closed forest tropical rainforest (elevation below 700m). Density of
Melientha suavis Pierre species is the most. The structure of the flora species is quite rich,
14


common species belong to Dipterocarpaceae family, Sapindaceae family, Mimosaceae
family, Caesalpiniaceae family,…
- Evergreen closed forest moderate tropical rainforest mountain (elevation above
700m). Density of Melientha suavis Pierre species is quite lower than evergreen closed
forest tropical rainforest. Plants are mainly broadleaf species belongs to Fagaceae family,
Lauraceae family, Magnoliaceae family, Theraceae family, Sapotaceae family, ...
- Tropical evergreen closed forest on limestone karst. Distribution is concentrated
at the two ends of the Can mountain. The density of Melientha suavis Pierre species is
quite high. Major species represent are Excentrodendron tonkinense, Garcinia fagraeoides,
Chukrasia tabularis, Pometia pinnata,…
- Sub-tropical evergreen closed forest on limestone karst (elevation above 700m).
Density of Melientha suavis Pierre species is very low. Some species of coniferous appear
such as Amentotaxus argotaenia, Podocarpus neriifolius and the rise of subtropical plant
After surveying, a total of 126 species was recorded in the study area belong to 5

transects (table 4.2). The highest Melientha suavis species includes 2nd transect (Lap
hamlet to Can mountain (highest length equal 7.5 km)) with 33 species which are
distributed from 400-1200m. The lowest Melientha suavis species includes 5th transect
(Tan Long hamlet to Chin Tang waterfall (lowest length equal 3km)) with 18 species
which are distributed from. It is said from the table below, the study area that distributed
centrally of the number of species.

15


Table 4.2 Melientha suavis Pierre in Xuan Son National Park
Number of transect

Number of individual

%

Transect 1

28

22.22

Transect 2

33

26.2

Transect 3


25

19.8

Transect 4

22

17.5

Transect 5

18

14.28

Total

126

100

4.2 Investigation the regeneration of Melientha suavis Pierre specie by transect
The below list showed that: The 2nd transect have the highest number with 23
regeneration species accounts that 27.4%. Moreover the total number of regeneration
species belonging to good quality is 32 making 38.1% of the total number of species in the
study area. In additional, the highest number of height belong to >100cm with 32 species
accounts that 38.07%. Based on the above mentioned theory, it is obvious that the
regeneration of Melientha suavis Pierre species have a rich development in terms of quality

and quantity.

16


Table 4.3 The regeneration of Melientha suavis Pierre in Xuan Son National Park
Number of transect

Number of individual

% of each transect

Transect 1

21

25

Transect 2

23

27.4

Transect 3

17

20.3


Transect 4

14

16.7

Transect 5

9

10.7

Total

84

100

Table 4.4 The quality and height of regeneration of Melientha suavis Pierre in Xuan
Son National Park
Height (cm)

Quality

<50

50-100

>100


Good

Medium

Bad

Total

24

28

32

32

31

21

%

28.6

33.33

38.07

38.1


36.9

25

4.3 Indigenous knowledge of local people on the status of planting, exploitation and
use of Melientha suavis Pierre specie
Melientha suavis Pierre is a very popular vegetable species that originates from the
mountains. Therefore, the over exploitation and use of this tree is inevitable. Based on that
fact, I have conducted interviews with local people in research site on the situation of

17