VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF FORESTRY

FOREST RESOURCES & ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT FACULTY

STUDENT THESIS
FACTORS DETERMINING TOURIST’S WILLINGNESS TO PAY
FOR BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION IN BA VI NATIONAL
PARK, HA NOI, VIET NAM

Student name: Le Bach Yen

Student ID: 1453091271

Class: K59 Natural Resources Management

Course: 2014-2018

Major: Natural resources management

Advanced Education Program
Developed in Collaboration with Colorado State University, USA
Supervisor: Ass.Prof.Tran Quang Bao

Hanoi, September, 2018


CONTENTS
ABSTRACT........................................................................................................................... 2
CHAPTER1. INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES ......................................................... 3
1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 3
2. Goal and objectives ............................................................................................................ 6

2.1. Goal ................................................................................................................................. 6
2.2. Objectives ....................................................................................................................... 6
3. General information about Ba Vi National Park ............................................................... 7
3.1. Natural Condition ........................................................................................................... 7
3.2. Function of National Park ............................................................................................... 9
3.3.Biodiversity value: ......................................................................................................... 10
3.4. Tourism status ............................................................................................................... 10
CHAPTER 2. METHODOLOGY ....................................................................................... 12
2.1.Contingent valuation method. ........................................................................................ 12
2.2. Data collection .............................................................................................................. 12
2.3. Data analysis ................................................................................................................. 15
CHAPTER 3.RESULTS ...................................................................................................... 19
3.1. Socio-demographic characteristics of variables. .......................................................... 19
3.2. Information related to the National Park ...................................................................... 21
3.3. Estimated Travel costs of Visitors ................................................................................ 25
3.4. Factors effecting to visitor‟s willingness to pay for biodiversity conservation. ........... 25
3.4.1. The correlation between the surveyed factors and visitor‟s willingness to pay
determination. ...................................................................................................................... 25
3.4.2. The factors influencing to the determination of visitor‟s willingness to pay ............ 26
3.5. Visitor‟s willingness to pay. ......................................................................................... 28
CHAPTER 4. DISCUSSIONS ............................................................................................ 32
4.1. Tourist‟s perception and attitude .................................................................................. 32


4.2. Factors influencing willingness to pay decision for biodiversity conservation. ........... 32
4.3. Biodiversity and tourism benefits ................................................................................. 35
4.4. Suggestions ................................................................................................................... 36
CHAPTER 5. CONCLUSIONS .......................................................................................... 37
5.1. Conclusions ................................................................................................................... 37
5.2. Limitations .................................................................................................................... 38

REFERENCES .................................................................................................................... 39
APPENDIX .......................................................................................................................... 41


LIST OF TABLES
Table 1. List of dependence variables ...................................................................................... 14
Table 2. Socio-demographic characteristics of the visitors ...................................................... 20
Table 3 Amount of people and time to stay in national park ................................................... 22
Table 4 . Satisfaction level of tourists about national park's values ......................................... 24
Table 5. Significant correlation of factors to the decision of visitor‟s willingness to pay ....... 26
Table 6. Classification table of predicting of determination of visitor‟s willingness to pay for
biodiversity conservation.......................................................................................................... 27
Table 7. Factors affect to determination of visitors willingness to pay for biodiversity
conservation. ............................................................................................................................. 27
Table 8. Income and willingness to pay Cross tabulation ........................................................ 30
Table 9. Average willingness to pay ........................................................................................ 31
Table 10.Ranking of influential factors .................................................................................... 34


LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1. Location of Ba Vi National Park ................................................................................. 7
Figure 2 Total tourist arrivals and revenue of Ba Vi national park .......................................... 11
Figure 3. Frequency of visit...................................................................................................... 21
Figure 4. Purpose of the trip ..................................................................................................... 21
Figure 5. Visitor‟s interest in national park‟s values ................................................................ 23
Figure 6. Tourists assess biodiversity conservation ................................................................. 24
Figure 7. Visitors assess ticket cost .......................................................................................... 25
Figure 8. Proportion of agreement to pay ................................................................................. 28
Figure 9. Reasons for unwillingness to pay.............................................................................. 29
Figure 10. Willingness to pay for biodiversity conservation ................................................... 31



Figure 1. Ba Vi national park .......................................................................................................... 7
Figure 2 Total tourist arrivals and revenue of Ba Vi national park ............................................... 11
Figure 3. Frequency of visit ........................................................................................................... 21
Figure 4. Purpose of the trip .......................................................................................................... 21
Figure 5. Visitor‟s interest in national park‟s values ..................................................................... 23
Figure 6. Tourists assess biodiversity conservation ...................................................................... 24
Figure 7. Visitors assess ticket cost ............................................................................................... 25
Figure 8. Proportion of agreement to pay ...................................................................................... 28
Figure 9. Reasons for unwillingness to pay................................................................................... 29
Figure 10. Willingness to pay for biodiversity conservation .......................................................................31


Acknowledgements
I would like to express my deep gratitude to my supervisor Ass.Prof.Tran Quang Bao for his
valuable guidance, suggestions and encouragement.
The idea of developing this thesis is original from the reality of developing tourism rapidly in Ba
Vi National Park. That is great opportunity for me to do my study “Factors determining visitor‟s
willingness to pay for biodiversity conservation”. I am thankful to Dr.Tran Minh Tuan-Head of
science and international cooperation and Mrs.Chu Le Thuy-Administrative manager helped me a
lot when I practiced and collected data when I was in Ba Vi National Park.
Finally, I would like to offer my regard to all person and Vietnam National University of Forestry
directly or indirectly support me during I do this study.

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ABSTRACT
Despite the fact that there has been a significant increase in interest in the sustainable

management of protected areas, many still fail to meet conservation goals. Considering that
the availability of adequate financial resources and the general public‟s interest toward
environmental conservation both play such an important role in the successful performance
of protected areas, it is of great importance to investigate local residents‟ and tourist‟
attitudes and perceptions regarding protected areas. This will help gain knowledge of the
level of financial and social support they would be willing to give to environmental
protection and biodiversity conservation in protected areas. In recent years, Ba Vi National
Park attracts thousands of visitors each year, however the finance of National Park has been
lacking. To elicit attitudes and perceptions of visitors regarding protected areas, as well as
their willingness to pay (WTP) for biodiversity protection, a survey was carried out inside
National Park. Results indicated that tourists have higher awareness of the importance of the
protected area, exhibit greater appreciation of the existence of the park and are willing ness
to pay quite high was VND 22,140(US$1.08) each person beside entrance fees to support
conservation. Finding 3 factors affect to willingness to pay and total values by using
Contingent Valuation Method (CVM).

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CHAPTER1. INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES
1. Introduction
In adopting the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011-2020, by decision X/2, the Conference
of the Parties recognized that bringing about meaningful changes to the status of biodiversity was
a long-term endeavor. Thus, a vision for 2050 was adopted as part of the Strategic Plan. The 2050
Vision is “Living in harmony with nature” where “by 2050, biodiversity is valued, conserved,
restored and wisely used, maintaining ecosystem services, sustaining a healthy planet and
delivering benefits essential for all people”(CBD,2011). However, degradation of global
biodiversity resources in recent times still is the greatest concern, thus increasing awareness of
the significance of these resources in the stability of ecosystem functions is important task of
each country. It is believed that the biodiversity resources form the basis for sustainable natural

functions, and also provide potential for human use, which include the opportunity for scientific
research as well as recreational benefit, such as ecotourism (Nijkamp, Vindigni, and nunes,
2008).
Tourism and biodiversity are closely linked both in terms of impacts and dependency.
Many types of tourism rely directly on ecosystem services and biodiversity (ecotourism, agritourism, wellness tourism, adventure tourism, etc.). Tourism uses recreational services and
supply services provided by ecosystems. Tourists are looking for cultural and environmental
authenticity, contact with local communities and learning about flora, fauna, ecosystems and their
conservation (European Comission, 2010). On the other hand, too many tourists, infrastructures,
and services can have a negative, degrading effect on biodiversity that mean the development of
tourism requires every tourism places carefully planning and management to avoid and reduce

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negative impacts on biodiversity. Therefore, tourism has a strong effect to biodiversity loss as
well as a role in its conservation.
Vietnam is one of the world‟s most biologically diverse countries, with 10 percent of the
world‟s mammal, bird and fish species in habitation. Forty percent of local plant species exist
only in Vietnam. Diverse ecosystems provide critical goods and services to the Vietnamese
people through the provisioning of ecosystem services, including clean water, soil stability,
buffers against storms and climate shocks, and a basis for tourism (USAID, 2018).Vietnam has
33 national parks and 174 Protected Areas, however, Vietnam also is hot pot of the loss of
biodiversity and population has continued to grow making Vietnam one of the most densely
populated countries in Asia. The increase in population density, along with deforestation and
environmental degradation, has created a real crisis in upland agriculture areas, leading to serious
degradation of ecosystems and natural resources under the pressure of free and unplanned
migration, especially the Central Highlands is an example. Due to the lack of land and capital,
poor people have to overexploit land and natural resources in order to support their lives, rapidly
degrading these resources and leading to the decline of biodiversity. Shifting cultivation practices
have caused the loss of forests, degradation of land, and creation of vast barren areas (CBDVietnam, 2014).

Therefore, finding solutions create potential finance sources which can be efficiency for
restoring biodiversity, sustainable forest protection and management as well as biodiversity
conservation. In the last few decades, many measurement methods have been proposed to assign
value to ecosystem services (Christie et al.2012). Costanza et al. estimated the value of global
annual ecosystem services at about US$33 trillion (at1995 values) (1997, cited in Costanza et
al.2014). In 2011, total global ecosystem services were estimated at US$145 trillion/year (at 2007
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values) (Costanza et al.2014). At the local level, the monetary value of ecosystem services is
useful for decision makers evaluating policies on biodiversity conservation (Thi Ha Thu Le et
al,2016). Some research in Vietnam estimated recreational value of coral reefs surrounding the
Hon Mun Islands ranged from US$8.7 million to US$17.9 million (Pham & Tran2004). The total
monetary value of improving wetlands at Vietnam‟s Tram Chim National Park was estimated in
three large cities at US$5.4 million (Do & Bennett2007). In 2013, Thi Ha Thu Le et al estimated
the total value stated by the public amounted to approximately US$1.63 million/year for
biodiversity conservation (c. VND35.045 billion) and US$1 million for O.tamdaoensis protection
(c. VND21.5 billion).
Ba Vi National Park is one of the most National Park has rich biodiversity in Vietnam. It
is the home to 1201 species of vascular plant belonging to 649 genera and 160 families,
vertebrate animals in Ba Vi National Park recorded 342 species, 2 classes of reptiles and
amphibians.. National Park attracts tourists by famous historical places such as ancient church,
orphanage, motels of senior French officials and French prison ruins ,etc. In addition, inside Ba
Vi National Park has many tourism places which have leased including natural forests,
plantations and bare land for tourism companies. The development of tourism in National
Parkput the pressure on biodiversity conservation cause finance from government cannot provide
regularly, so this study offers important insights for policy makers interested in involving people
in biodiversity conservation and raising social awareness of ecosystem services as well as create
an avenue for enhancing revenue for conservation in the National Park.


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2. Goal and objectives
2.1. Goal
- The interest of this paper is centered on examining the significant determinants of
visitors‟ willingness to pay for conservation in Ba Vi National Park, so as to identify the
potentially important market segment from the visitors that would contribute to higher revenue
for the development of sustainable tourism in the national park.
2.2. Objectives
- Identify people's perceptions and attitudes towards biodiversity conservation
- Study the factors influencing willingness to accept for biodiversity conservation.
- Determine whether people are willing to pay and how much they pay for biodiversity
conservation.

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3. General information about Ba Vi National Park
3.1. Natural Condition
a. Geographic location
Ba Vi National Parkestablished in 1991 and located in 60 km west of center Hanoi, Ba Vi
National Parkis one of nature reserve, visit and entertainment zone in Tan Linh commune, Ba Vi
district, Ha Noi.
Geographic coordinates: From 21 degrees 01 'to 21 degrees 07' north latitude and 105
degrees 16 'to 105 degrees 25' east longitude.

Source: VuonquocgiaBaVi cited by Vncreature

Source: Google map


Figure 1. Location of Ba Vi National Park

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National Parkboundary:
+ To the north, it borders on Ba Trai, Ba Vi and Tan Linh communes; Ba Vi district,
Hanoi.
+ To the south, it borders on Phuc Tien and Dan Hoa communes in Ke Son district, Lam
Son commune, Luong Son district, Hoa Binh province.
+ To the east, it borders on Van Hoa and Yen Bai communes of Ba Vi district; Yen Binh,
Yen Trung, Tien Xuan, Thach That district; Dong Xuan commune, Quoc Oai district, Hanoi; Yen
Quang commune, Ky Son district, Hoa Binh province.
+ The west borders with communes of Khanh Thuong, Minh Quang, Ba Vi district, Hanoi
and Phu Minh commune, Ky Son district, Hoa Binh province.
- The total natural area until May 2008 is 10,782.7 ha
- The total area of Ba Vi National Parknow is 11,372 ha.
b. Topographic
Ba Vi is a medium mountain, low mountains and midland adjacent to the semimountainous region. Mountain ranges consist of consecutive mountains, prominent as the peaks
such as Mount Vua is 1.296 m high, Vien Tau peak 1,227 m, Ngoc Hoa peak 1,131 m, Vien Nam
peak 1,012 m. It is divided by streams and valleys and narrow streams.
The direction of the two mountains in the direction of northwest - southeast, the height of
the two mountains gradually decreasing around to create a number of terrains characteristic of the
peaks, the waves rolling waves connecting two blocks together. The slopes of the mountains of
Ba Vet and South Vietnam are asymmetrical, with the western slope steeply sloping. The main
8


slope gradually decreases in the direction of North East - South West, the average slope > 25º.

Many places have high slope > 35º.
c. Climate
According to the meteorological and hydrographic observations, in recent years, Ba Vi,
Luong Son and Cai Son districts have reported that the Ba Vi area has an annual average
temperature of 23.4ºC. In the lowlands, the lowest temperature drops to 2.7ºC; maximum
temperature is up to 42ºC. At the height of 400m, the annual average temperature is 20.6ºC; From
a height of 1,000 m and above, the temperature is only 16ºC. The absolute low temperature can
be down to 0.2ºC. Absolute high temperature 33.1ºC. Annual rainfall is 2,500mm, unevenly
distributed throughout the year, concentrating in July, August. Humidity 86.1%. The lowland
usually dry in January, December. Winter with the North wind with a frequency of > 40%.
South-East wind with frequency of 25% and Southwest direction.
3.2. Function of National Park
Ba Vi National Park is a scientific and economic unit with the function of planting,
preserving and restoring natural resources, historical relics, scientific research in combination
with visit, study and travel:
 To conserve the entire natural ecosystem intact of the forbidden forest.
 New planting, restoration, forest protection, precious and rare genetic resources, special
forest and historical and cultural relics.
 Organize experimental research, basic research for the purpose of conservation.
 Organizing scientific services, vocational education and tourism
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3.3.Biodiversity value:
Ba Vi National Park has three types of forest: tropical evergreen moist rain forest; semievergreen broadleaf and subtropical evergreen broad-leaved lowland evergreen broad-leaved
lowland evergreen forest. Mount Ba Vi with two high belt so the flora here is quite rich and
diverse which has 1201 vascular plant species belonging to 649 genera and 160 families.
According to the latest addition survey in 2008, the Vertebrate Zooplankton Complex in Ba Vi
National Park has 342 species recorded. In particular, there are 3 endemic species and 66 rare
species. Of the 342 species recorded, 23 species have been sampled or stored locally, 141 are

observed in the field and 183 species are collected from interviews with hunters or gathered
through existing records.
3.4. Tourism status
Ba Vi National Park has a fresh, cool climate and many beautiful natural sceneries with
many streams originating from the Ba Vi mountain all year round, flowing like Thien Son - Suoi
Ngai, Ao Vua, Khoang Xanh, Tien Sa Lake. There are many historical and cultural relics such as
Thuong Temple, Trung Temple, Temple of Uncle Ho, Bao Thien Tower, Ngoc Hoa Cave ...
These conditions created Ba Vi National Park has long been an ideal mountain resort of the
country. In addition, Ba Vi National Park is co-operating with two companies: Pico Vietnam-Ba
Vi Resort (37.3 ha); CFTD Technology Development Company (60.5 ha) in organizing tourism
and accommodation for tourist.
The number of tourists to Ba Vi National Parkhas increased sharply in recent years, with an
average growth rate of 38,7% in the period 2014-2017.

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In 2017, the National Parkreceived 379,838 visitors (including 344,375 domestic and 3,062
international visitors). Estimated revenue reached 14,592,249,000VND. The number of visitors

The number of tourist arrivals

and revenue of Ba Vi National Parkfor the period 2014-2017 is presented in figure 2.

400.000

16,0

350.000


14,0

300.000

12,0

250.000

10,0

200.000

8,0

150.000

6,0

100.000

4,0

50.000

2,0

0
Total visitors
Total revenue(VND
billion)


2014

2015

2016

2017

149.159

216.050

347.737

379.838

5,7

8,3

13,4

14,6

Source: Ba Vi National Park
Figure 2 Total tourist arrivals and revenue of Ba Vi national park

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0,0


CHAPTER 2. METHODOLOGY
2.1.Contingent valuation method.
This study employs the CVM, the most frequently applied method in valuing environment
components and biodiversity attributes. In general, public goods are not excludable and not
rivals, so a limitation in valuing public goods is that they cannot be traded in a formal market
with a specific price. However, the CVM is generally limited as a result of its reliance on
individuals‟ stated WTP under a given hypothetical market scenario that does not elicit people‟s
responses in real life (Lee & Mjelde2007).
The contingent valuation method (CVM) was first introduced by Ciriacy and
Wantrup in 1947 for estimating the side effects of soil erosion (Venkatachalam, 2004). The CVM
is based on the concepts of the willingness to pay (WTP) a certain amount in order for the
individual to maximize his/her utility or willingness to accept (WTA) compensation so as to
improve the utility as a result of damage, or absence of the public good. The attention of CVM
studies has in the recent past shifted from valuation of the environmental damage to the valuation
of environmental protection (Adamu, et al ,2015). It is widely used as an effective policy tool in
protected area management and biodiversity conservation (Baralet al., 2008).
2.2. Data collection
Secondary data
The secondary data about biodiversity conservation and tourism status used in this article
is mainly collected from Science and international cooperation department, administrative
manager as well as from the website of Ba Vi National Park

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Primary data
a. Study location: Interviewed data was collected from visitors at 400m, 800m and

1100m above sea level rise inside Ba Vi National Park.
b. Method: A face-to-face questionnaire interview.
c. Contents: The questionnaire comprised of four sections:
 General information of visitors ( age, gender, socio- demographic status)
 Information about journey ( Travel costs)
 Information about awareness, attitude of the respondents about biodiversity
conservation
 Visitor‟s willingness to pay
Detail contents have open-ended and closed- ended questions which is in table 10
Interviewees: number of interviews is 100 visitors in Vietnam who are in different level of
age, also divided equally in gender.
d. Processing of contest:
A pre-testing was initially conducted before the actual survey in order to check the
plausibility. After that, interviewing interviewees by selected interviewees, presenting the
objectives of the interview research, then leave the questionnaire and collect after interviewees
done.
e. Time: 15th of July- 6th of September,2018.

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Table 1. List of dependence variables
No. Variables

Description

Category

1


Age of interviewee

“ 1 = under 20 years old

Age

2 = from 21-40 years old
3 = from 41- 60 years old
4 = above 60 years old”
2

Gender

Gender of interviewee

“1 = Male ; 2 = Female”

3

Education level

Education level of visitors

“1 =Secondary school
2 = High school
3 = Academy/university
4 = Master /higher education level”

4


Income

The ranking of monthly income “1 = 1,000,000-2,999,999 VND
2 = 3,000,000- 5,999,999 VND
3 = 6,000,000 – 8,999,999 VND
4 = Above 9,000,000 VND

5

Frequency

The frequency of visitors come “1 = First time
back to National Park

2 = 1-2 times
3 = 3-4 times
4 = above 4 times

6

Purpose

Purpose of visitors come to “ 1 = traveling
national park

2 = Works
3 = Science research
4 = Other”

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7

Total cost

The cost that visitors have to Continuous value
pay and intend to spend on the
trip.

8

Level of entrance Visitors
free

access

level

entrance free

of “ 1 = Very expensive
2 = expensive
3 = suitable
4 = low
5 = very low”

9

Zone


The distance from start point to “ 1 = Under 60 km
2 = from 60 – 120 km

National Park

3 = from 121 – 150 km
4 = Above 150 km
10

Biodiversity

The importance of biodiversity “ 1 = Important

value

value to visitors

2 = Normal
3 = Unimportant

2.3. Data analysis
SPSS is a sophisticated piece of software used by social scientists and other professionals for
statistical analysis. It is suitable across a number of disciplines, including business, health, social
sciences, environmental science and geography (Coakes, S. J., & Steed, L. ,2009). IBM SPSS
Statistic is used for data analysis.

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Descriptive statistic method
Descriptive statistics are used to describe the basic features of the data in a study. They
provide simple summaries about the sample and the measures. Together with simple graphics
analysis, they form the basis of virtually every quantitative analysis of data (William M.K.
Trochim,2006)
In this research, statistical variables in medicine may be of either the metric (continuous,
quantitative) or categorical (nominal, ordinal) type. Easily understandable examples are given..
The level of measurement determines what types of diagrams and statistical values are
appropriate. There are also different ways of presenting combinations of independent variables
graphically and numerically.
Bivariate correlations
The bivariate Pearson Correlation produces a sample correlation coefficient, r, which
measures the strength and direction of linear relationships between pairs of continuous variables.
A correlation expresses the strength of linkage or co-occurrence between to variables in a single
value between -1 and +1. This value that measures the strength of linkage is called correlation
coefficient, which is represented typically as the letter r.
The bivariate Pearson Correlation is commonly used to measure the following:


Correlations among pairs of variables



Correlations within and between sets of variables

The bivariate Pearson correlation indicates the following:

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

Whether a statistically significant linear relationship exists between two continuous

variables


The strength of a linear relationship (i.e., how close the relationship is to being a

perfectly straight line)


The direction of a linear relationship (increasing or decreasing)

In this study, Pearson Correlation was used to find the relationship between dependent
variable and independent variables when ‫׀‬x‫ > ׀‬0.3 (x is Pearson Correlation values). Then using
the comparison results explain in next steps.
Binary logistic regression
Binary logistic regression predicts the probability that an observation falls into one of two
categories of a dichotomous dependent variable based on one or more independent variables that
can be either continuous or categorical. In the case of this study, determination of visitor‟s
willingness to pay depends on which variable has statistically significant has indicator: p < 0.05
at confidence level 95%.
Binary logistic regression which contain two type of variables. Dependence variable
(Determination of visitors‟ willing to pay for biodiversity conservation) has two value: “ 1 =
Yes; 0 = No”, whereas the dependent variables have more than two variables which has shown in
table 1.
Binary logistic equation function is:

[


]

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Where: P (Y=1) =

: Probability of visitors decide to pay for biodiversity conservation.

P (Y=0) =

: : Probability of visitors decide not to pay for biodiversity

conservation.
Xi: The independent variables
Nonparametric method
Average WTP measurement by nonparametric method:
 The total number of observations is N = 100 (persons)
 There are j different WTP values


the rates that respondents are willing to pay.



is the number of visitors willing to pay corresponding rates.




is the total number of willing to pay higher than the price

∑


S( ) is survivor function
S( ) =

Mean of WTP: WTP = ∑

[

]

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CHAPTER 3.RESULTS
3.1. Socio-demographic characteristics of variables.
Socio-demographic characteristics of the visitors (table 2) indicate 51% of the sample
interviewed is women while men constitute the remaining 49%.
The category of the visitors whose in age 21-40 were 86 %, 41-60 years were 9 % and
above 60 was 5%.
The educational level of the respondents showed that 66% of the visitors interviewed have
attained university level of education while the remaining 34% were reported to have attained
non-university level of education including primary, secondary or high school and colleges.
Of the total visitors surveyed, 41% reported come from under 60 km zone including Ha
Noi, Hoa Binh, Vinh Phuc and Bac Ninh province, 23% from Thai Nguyen, Nam Dinh, Phu Tho
and Hai Duong belong to 61- 120 km zone; 20% belong to 121- 150 km including Ninh Binh,
Hai Phong and 16% of above 150 km zone which has Thai Binh, Lang Son, Thanh Hoa, Nghe An

province.
For 4 levels of income variable 19% of visitors have income from 1,000,000-2,999,999
VND, from 3,000,000- 5,999,999 VND of visitor‟s income is 23%, from 6,000,000-8,999,999
VND and above 9,000,000 VND have following 37% and 21% of visitor‟s income. Visitors
mainly come to National Parkby car and motorbikes with the flowing rates are 41% and 59%.

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