MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT
VIETNAM FORESTRY UNIVERSITY

STUDENT THESIS PROPOSAL
Title
Study on the status of medicinal plants in Kim Son commune, Kim Boi district, Hoa
Binh province

Major: Natural Resources Management
Code: D850101
Faculty: Forest Resources and Environmental Management

Student: Bui Thi Thanh Nhan

Student ID: 1153091143

Class: K56 Natural Resources Management

Course: 2011 - 2015

Advanced Education Program
Developed in collaboration with Colorado State University, USA

Supervisor: Dr. Le Xuan Truong

Ha Noi, November./2015


ADKNOWLEDGMENT
After a period of study and research in the university, thanks to the helping of
Natural Resource Management department-Faculty: Forest Resources and Environmental

Management, Vietnam Forestry University, under the instruction of Dr. Le Xuan Truong,
I have conducted the topic: “Study on the status of medicinal plants in Kim Son
commune, Kim Boi district, Hoa Binh province.”.
Till now have I completed the topic, to get this result in addition to the efforts of
myself there is enthusiastic support of teachers in Faculty: Forest Resources and
Environmental Management, the encouragement and support of family, friends and Kim
Son commune people helped me to completed topic.
First of all, I would like to thank Dr. Le Xuan Truong has enthusiastically helped
me during the implementation of thesis.
I would like to thank People's Committee in Kim Son commune, administration
broad, Statistics Committe, population boards, committees, administrations and local
communities have helped me in the process to implement the thesis.
Sincerely thank!
Hanoi October 10th 2015
Bui Thi Thanh Nhan


TABLE CONTENT
ADKNOWLEDGMENT
TABLE CONTENT
LIST OF TABLES
LIST OF FIGURES
I. INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................... - 1 II. LITERATURE REVIEW............................................................................................. - 3 2.1. In the world ................................................................................................................ - 3 2.2. In Vietnam ................................................................................................................. - 4 2.2.1. Resources of medicinal plants in Vietnam ............................................................. - 4 2.2.2. Status of medicinal plants research in Vietnam ...................................................... - 5 III. GOALS AND (SPECIFIC) OBJECTIVES: ............................................................... - 7 3.1. Goals .......................................................................................................................... - 7 3.2. Objectives .................................................................................................................. - 7 IV. METHODS AND STUDY SITE ............................................................................... - 8 4.1. Field surveys .............................................................................................................. - 8 4.2. Community survey methodology............................................................................. - 10 4.3. Data processing ........................................................................................................ - 11 4.4. Assess the level of threat ......................................................................................... - 11 4.5. Natural condition. .................................................................................................... - 12 4.5.1. Geographic location .............................................................................................. - 12 4.5.2. Topography ........................................................................................................... - 12 4.5.3. Climate and Hydrology......................................................................................... - 12 4.5.4. The other resources. .............................................................................................. - 13 4.6. Socioeconomic conditions. ...................................................................................... - 14 -


4.6.1. Development Status of economic sectors ............................................................. - 14 4.6.2. Population, labor, employment and income. ........................................................ - 15 4.6.3. Development Status of infrastructure. .................................................................. - 15 4.6.4. Education and Training. ........................................................................................ - 16 4.6.5. Health. ................................................................................................................... - 16 V. RESULT .................................................................................................................... - 17 5.1. Diversity about medicinal plant: .............................................................................. - 17 5.1.1. Diversity follows these steps classification .......................................................... - 17 5.2. Some rare species of medicinal plants in Vietnam's Red Book ............................... - 22 5.3. Exploitation situation of medicinal plants for use in the community ...................... - 23 5.4. Exploitation situation of medicinal plants for sale .................................................. - 23 5.5 The difficulties in the cultivation of medicinal plants, knowledge, attitudes and
practices of people in the conservation and development of medicinal plants. .............. - 25 5.5.1. The difficulties in the cultivation and conservation of medicinal plants .............. - 25 5.5.2. Transfer knowledge and experience in the use of medicinal plants ..................... - 26 5.5.3. Knowledge, attitudes and practices of Muong communities in the conservation and
sustainable use of medicinal plants in the area ............................................................... - 27 5.5.4. Solution in sustainable management of medicinal plants ..................................... - 27 CONCLUSION, EXISTENCE AND PROPOSALS...................................................... - 29 1. Conclusion .................................................................................................................. - 29 2. Proposal ...................................................................................................................... - 30 REFERENCES



LIST OF TABLES

Table 5.1: Distributions of medicinal plants are popular in Kim Son commune ........... - 17 Table 5.2: Diversity number of plant families ................................................................ - 18 Table 5.3: Diversity of life forms of medicinal plant’s Kim Son people ....................... - 19 Table 5.4: Diversity of plant parts used drugs ................................................................ - 20 Table 5.5: Distribution of plant and disease group rate (%) ........................................... - 21 Table 5.6: List of species included in the Red Book of Vietnam ................................... - 22 Table 5.7: List of species exploited for trafficking ......................................................... - 24 -

LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 5.1: Diversity in the distribution of medicinal plants .......................................... - 19 -


I. INTRODUCTION
In all of human culture from ancient times to now, people have always respected
plants as a source of essential medicines protect health.
Located in the belt of tropical hot and humid monsoon, Vietnam plant resource is
abundant and diverse. Among the plant species found in Vietnam (about 12,000 species)
have a lot of species has potential to be used as medicines... In 1952 the French botanist
published in throughout Indochina has 1,350 species of medicinal plants belonging to 160
different plant families, then in 1996, Vo Van Chi announced as medicines flora in
Vietnam 3200 species. By 2005, according to the Institute of Medicine, Vietnam has 3948
species belonging to 307 families of 9 branches and groups of vascular plants, flora and
fungus levels low. And according to the latest figures, 2012 Vo Van Chi was published in
the book "Dictionary of medicinal plants in Vietnam" with nearly 4700 species as
medicines plants. Number of medicinal plants which we know has increased very
significantly. This proves that the investigation of medicinal flora in Vietnam can be much
larger. This can be considered as potential sources of pharmaceutical materials, need to
invest in research in the future.
Medicinal plants in Vietnam are largely used empirically in each ethnic
community. Uniqueness in the use of medicinal plants have shown in the experience of the
individual or of each ethnic community. This valuable experience which has helped to
build up the background of traditional medicine with a history of thousands of years.
However, the valuable experience can gradually be lost, and resources of medicinal plants
are substantial drop, many species are in danger of extinction. Vietnam is a country with

the large rate of deforestation in the world (McKinnon & Cox, 1991), current stock
primeval forests remaining 1% of the total land area. The forest will be destroyed forest
resources in that loss, including many medicinal plants .

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If we want to survey, sustainable exploitation and rational use of resources, we
need to first know what plants in that area? How much it is? Where do they grow? How is
the current status? To answer these questions it is necessary to survey, assess the status and
potential of medicinal resource.
Kim Son commune is one of the commune in center of Kim Boi district, Hoa Binh
province, mainly is Muong ethnic. Kim Son commune has a high percentage of forest land
of the district, along with the resources of medicinal plants are abundant in rare species that
have or are at risk of extinction in the wild as: Ardisia gigantifolia, Peliosanthes teta,...
Muong ethnic people here have a long tradition in the use of plants as medicine. So far
there are many known species and is written in the book of medicinal plants or statistics,
but there are still many species of medicinal plants are Muong ethnic people here use
traditional experience that we do not know.
However, for many different reasons such as resource extraction irrational
medicine plants, forest clearing, lack of interest of the younger generation ... that many rare
medicines in
From the above reasons I propose to research topics: ”Study on the status of
medicinal plants in Kim Son commune, Kim Boi district, Hoa Binh province.”

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II. LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1. In the world

In worldwide, the medicinal plants resources are very rich and variety. It is
estimated that there are about 35,000 to 70,000 of the 250,000 species of vascular plants
are used in medicinal purposes (WHO, 1993). Almost of these species are distributed in
Asian countries such as: China has over 10,000 species (Shan-An He & Ning Cheng,
1997), India has about 7500-8000 species (Darshan Shankar, 1996), there are about 7500
species in Indonesia, Malaysia has about 2,000 species, more than 700 species in Nepal,
Sri Lanka has about 550-700 species, South Korea has about 1000 species (Lee Yong Jong, 1998). Latin America, where 1/3 of the world's plant species have also traditionally
used medicinal plants for long time, especially indigenous people. The countries in Africa
have fewer species such as Somalia, about 200 species (Nirmak K. Bhattarai, 1997) and
Botswana have over 314 species (Inga Hedberg, Frants Staugard).
Experience and local knowledge of medicinal plants used by the world
communities have similarities and also differences. This depends on geography, customs
and cultural traditions of each nation. Countries are considered to have traditional medicine
developed very early (last 3000-5000 years) such as China, India, and Indonesia.
Along with the trend of globalization, resources and knowledge of using medicinal
plants of different cultures are being researched and thoroughly exploited to serve the
health care of community and social economic development. According to the World Bank
(WB, 1993), at the global level, medicinal plants serve 4 main demands: the
pharmaceutical industry, the health care system, individuals who practice traditional
medicine and family health care. In worldwide, the value of the pharmaceutical industry
using plants is 800 billions per year (Gerard Boderker, 1998). Hong Kong has been
identified as the largest medicinal plants market in the world, the annual pharmaceutical

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inputs worth U.S. $ 190 million, of which 70% is used in local and only 30% are reexported, some medicines are imported in the same period was $ 80 million (Norman R.
Farnsworth, 1998).
2.2. In Vietnam
2.2.1. Resources of medicinal plants in Vietnam

Vietnam is the crossroads of many ethnic groups and cultures, in which the most
important are two streams of Chinese culture and India culture. Vietnam is one of the
countries has high biological diversity with about 12,000 species of vascular plants, as well
as the wealth of knowledge using medicinal plants, of which there are about 6,000 species
used as medicines, vegetables, timber, dye,… about 3200 species of plants and fungi are
recognized as valuable or potentially medicinal. Vegetation resources concentrated in 6
main biodiversity centers in the Northeast, Hoang Lien Son, Cuc Phuong, Bach Ma, Tay
Nguyen and Da Lat (Tran Van On, 2003).
According to the pharmacological industry, there are about 40 hospitals of
traditional medicine, there are 5000 peoples practicing traditional medicine and nearly
4000 consulting of oriental medicine , there are about 700 species commonly referred in
the oriental books, books on medicinal plants, 120 species are often use as medicinal plants
to cure common diseases in family. The herbal demand for traditional medicine around
30,000 tons per year. In the pharmaceutical industry sector, the country has about 286
pharmaceutical manufacturing facility is producing goods from plants, including 170
separate production facilities oriental medicines. 1294 drugs have been produced from
plant materials or extracts from plants, accounting for 23% of 5577 permitted drug
production and circulation from the year 1995-2000, 435 species of plants were used.
Demand for pharmaceutical industry sector is about 20000 tons and 10000 tons for export
annually.

-4-


2.2.2. Status of medicinal plants research in Vietnam
Traditional medicine of Vietnam has longstanding. From the Hung Vuong (2900
BC) had use plants as spices in culinary and treatment. There are hundreds of medicines
from Giao Chi of the Chinese were introduced and used such as Y Di (Coix lacrymal-jobi),
Hoac Huong (Pogostemon cablin).
Many well-known physician in the study of plants and medicinal plants such as:

Monk Nguyen Minh Khong as know as Nguyen Chi Thanh (Ly Dynasty: 1010-1224) used
many medicinal plant to treat for the people and the king.
- In 1937, Vu Nhu Lam mentioned about medicinal properties, uses, dosage way,
the taboo of some traditional medicines.
- When Vietnam is an independent country, Professor -Dr. Do Tat Loi has
researched and compiled "Pharmacognosis and medicines of Vietnam" and later published
the "Medicinal plants and remedies of Vietnam".
- In 1966, pharmacists Vu Van Chuyen published "The summary of family
characteristics of medicinal plants". In 1980, Do Huy Bich and Bui Xuan Chuong
introduced 519 species of medicinal plants; including 150 new species discovered in the
"Handbook of medicinal plants in Vietnam" and in 1993 published the "Resources of
medicinal plants in Vietnam."
- In 1973, Phan Ke Loc published “The list of plants contains tamin in North
Vietnam."
- Le Tran Duc who published 4 episodes of "Growing and harvesting of medicinal
plants" with many research about ethnic medicines.
- In 1994, Le Nguyen Khanh and Tran Thien Quyen published "The remedies
esoteric experiences of herbalist".
- In 1995, Vuong Thua An released "Good medicines around us".

-5-


- In 1996, Vo Van Chi released the "Dictionary of medicinal plants in Vietnam"
described Vietnam’s 3200 medicinal plants. This is a significant science project and has
great practical to serve the pharmaceutical industry and the botanists.
- To talk about the medicinal plants of ethnic groups, we must mention about
“Botany of Thai ethnic minority in Con Cuong, Nghe An " by Nguyen Nghia Thin,
Nguyen Thi Hanh, Ngo Truc Nha (1999) evaluated the biodiversity resources of medicinal
plants in the regional flaura, the use of medicinal plants and especially evaluated the extent

and effectiveness of the medicinal plants that the Thai ethic group used.
Thus, the experiences of using medicinal plants of our people are very rich and
diverse. This is a long process accumulating experience from generation to generation of
the nation. To bring into play the nation’s traditions, as well as contribute to the protection
of biodiversity, genetic resources conservation, preserve the precious knowledge of our
ancestors, we have duty to take inventory, complement and organize systematize the
medicinal plants scientifically to research and develop this resource in a good way.

-6-


III. GOALS AND (SPECIFIC) OBJECTIVES:
3.1. Goals
To identify the current status of medicinal plant resources in the study area to
conservation and sustainable management of medicinal plants in Kim Son commune, Kim
Boi district, Hoa Binh province.
3.2. Objectives
- To determine of diversity and value of medicinal plant resources in Kim Son
commune, Kim Boi district, Hoa Binh province
- Make a list of medicinal plants are used by Muong ethnic group in Kim Son, Kim
Boi, Hoa Binh
- Propose some solutions for sustainable management of medicinal plant resources
in Kim Boi, Hoa Binh base on real situation about plants of the study subjects.

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IV. METHODS AND STUDY SITE
4.1. Field surveys
Conduct a survey the transect and establish a typical plots represents the area.

- The surveys were conducted with 3 transects in area where the terrain is
favorable for moving in line transect in the Kim Son Commune. All transects were
determined on the map and established in secondary forest, from the elevation of with
length of 3-4km/transect.
Transects were prepared and marked one month before survey for convenience
during the movement.
When investigating the transects should have the participation of local people (may
thanks to or hire people to go along) to ask them about the plants they are often used as
medicinal, local names and where they appear.
The plant can not be determined, take the sample and determine name later.
The survey information is recorded on Form 4.1.a.
Form 4.1.a. Statistics medicinal plants under transect
Transects: ..................... Date of investigation: ....... ......
Investigator: ............. ...
NO:…
Common name:………..
Scientific name:…….
Life forms:…………
Parts used:………..
Utility:………….
-

Plots:

In an areas choose the typical location to establish the plots, each plot has an area
of 1000 m2.

-8-



In plots survey also similar to the transect survey and investigate the situation
distribution of medicinal plants. Information from plots survey recorded in the following
forms:
Form 4.2.b. Investigation trees in sample plots
Number plots: ........................ Forest status: ..................
Date investigation: .................. Investigator: ...................
H(m)
NO.

Noted

Name

D(m)

Growth

(cm)

Form 4.2.c. Investigation shrubs, vegetation
Number plots: ........................ Forest status: ..................
Date investigation: .................. Investigator: ...................
%
Number of
NO.

Name

Covered by


D(m)

Noted

shrub
species

Form 4.2.d. Statistics medicinal plants in the sample plots
Number of plots: ...... ............ Date of investigation: ..................
Investigator: ............

NO.

Common

Life

Parts

name

form

used

Local name

Utility

-9-


Noted


4.2. Community survey methodology
During the community survey using Participatory Rural Appraisal Methods (PRA).
Some techniques commonly used in PRA:
-

Interviews: Use some questions for those who are selected

-

Interview open: The free interview format, we can ask any questions with

questions depending on the context in which the order of the content can ask arbitrary
changes based on answer the question before the people providing information.
-

Semi-structured interviews: Some questions were prepared in advance and

some questions may be added depending on the specific situation
-

Structured interview (depth interview) is interviewed using a questionnaire

given to the person providing information selectively engaged.
The information is recorded in the following forms:
Form 4.3.a. Situation in planting, harvesting, parts used, utility and prices.
-


Interviewers: .... ............... Date: ...............................

-

No. ... householder name: ..............................

-

Plant Name: ............................

-

Situation: ..........................

-

Parts: ...........................

-

Utility: ........................

-

Price: ................

-

Planting Harvesting: .............


Form 4.3.b. Season harvest, processing and preservation of medicinal plants
-

Interviewers: ............... Date: ...................

-

NO: ......

-

Household name: ................

- 10 -


-

Plant Name: .......................

-

Parts: .....................

-

Season harvest: ...............

-


Processing :. ...................

-

Storage: ..................

4.3. Data processing


Determine the name of the unknown samples of medicinal plants by asking

people who have expertise in medicinal plants.


Synthesizing data obtained from real and relevant documents to analyze and

to comment the results.


Classification of medicinal plants under the parts, utility, value and shape of

lives.
4.4. Assess the level of threat
Based on the document issued for the endangered plant to assess the degree of
threatened useful plant species. The documents were: Vietnam Red Data Book; Decree No.
32/2006 / ND-CP on management of forest flora and fauna endangered, rare and precious.
Also based on the situation of exploitation, use and trafficking in local to point out the
danger of species threatened in the study area.


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STUDY SITE:
4.5. Natural condition.
4.5.1. Geographic location
Kim Son commune belong to Kim Boi district, Hoa Binh province 20°40'14.1"N
105°35'02.5"E , it is about 7.5 km far from district center, with a total area of 2478.49
hectares naturally.
The East adjacent Luong Son commune
The West adjacent to Lap Chieng commune
The Southwest adjacent to Hop Kim commune
The South adjacent to Nam Thuong commune
4.5.2. Topography
Kim Son is a mountainous commune of Kim Boi district, Hoa Binh province. The
topography of the commune is made up of mountains stretching from the West North-East
South, the terrain descending from north to south and from west to east tilt. The terrain is
mainly the field surrounded by mountains, low hills..
4.5.3. Climate and Hydrology
Kim Son commune has climate as the same regime with Kim Boi district, which is
the nature of the tropical monsoon climate, is divided into two seasons:
- The rainy season lasts from April to October, rainfall is concentrated from July to
September, usually rain and thunderstorm lasted more affected by hurricanes and
southwest winds.
- The dry season from November to March next year, the dry climate, low
humidity, frost, fog and cold drizzle.
- Average annual temperature is 21 degrees celsius, the hottest month is July
temperatures can reach 37- 38 degrees celsius, the coldest month is January temperatures
typically can down 5 to 6 degrees celsius.


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- Average annual rainfall is 1500 to 1700mm . Every year during the rainy season
usually occurs floods, impacted significantly on the lives and production of people.
- The wind regime: mainly has 3 main types of wind
+ North East wind prevailing wind direction in the dry season from November to
appear in March next year, often accompanied by cold and dry air.
+ Wind Southeast appear from April to October, the humidity and the wind carries
more water vapor, wind intensity.
+ Southwest wind, usually occurs from May to June. Southwest wind very hot and
dry, it is a cause for climate vagaries here between the months of the year, affecting
agricultural production.
4.5.4. The other resources.
a) Land resources.
In commune mostly hilly land affected by the process of feralit often sour soil, has slope
or soil erosion, land capable of producing great agricultural, forestry and have an important role
in determining the moisture content of the soil and the water regime of the region.
In the commune, there are major soil groups follows:
- Yellow red soil on clay stone.
- Reddish brown soil on magma.
- Land with sour reaction medium to less sour.
- Land fawn on ancient alluvial stones.
- Land sour valley
- Land feralit know change due to rice cultivation
b) Water Resources.
Kim Son is in regions deep artesian water, from 8 to 10 meters depth in the dry
season and 13 meters in the wet season. The water level is quite stable, groundwater
quality is generally quite good, guaranteed to provide clean water for people.


- 13 -


c) Forest resources.
The forest area of Kim Son commune count to 2010 was 1571.05 hectares,
accounting for 64.5% of total natural land area of the whole commune
Before Kim Son's forest mainly natural forest with multiple trees tropical forest of
valuable wood: Parashorea chinensis Wang Hsie, Anogeisus acuminata (DC.) Giull. et
Perr. ... because of forest exploitation, improper procedures and the arson of forest for
cultivation led to forest resources increasingly depleted.
In the commune there are many rare animals like: wild pig, wild chicken, python,
snake, pangolins, civet ... but due to indiscriminate hunting sites, natural forest area shrunk
so much wildlife as there are very few like: wild chicken, snakes, pangolins.
d) Resources humanities.
In the commune there are two ethnic groups living together include 95% Muong
and Kinh 5% with one common characteristic is the revolutionary tradition, patriotism,
diligence, creativity in work active, loving tradition, unite and help each other in life,
production and combat.
4.6. Socioeconomic conditions.
4.6.1. Development Status of economic sectors
Agricultural economic sector is the sector still occupies an important position in
the economic structure of the commune. In 2014, the production value of agro-forestry,
seafood sector reached 23.82 billion, accounting for 82.94% of the value of social
production.
a. Agricultural production.
Production agriculture is an important role essential contribution to the economy of
the whole commune.

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+ Cultivation: The total planted area of 194.82 ha reaching 107%. The total food
production is estimated at 500.1 grouts tonnes to 108.7% compared with 2014 production
plan and by 125.9% compared with 2013.
b. Forestry: In recent years, the government has implemented the policy of
socialization, forest land allocation associated with the cultivation, settlements, build
infrastructure projects 5 million hectares of forests, the program 327, 661 forest area is
216.50 hectares in 2014 accounted for 89.02% of the natural area. The production value of
the forestry sector in 2013 reached 2.5 billion, accounting for 10.50% of the production of
the agricultural sector.
4.6.2. Population, labor, employment and income.
Material life and spirit of the people of Kim Son commune increasingly improved
and enhanced, in 2005 per capita income of 4.3 million, in 2010 reached 6.5 million, in
2012 reached 7, 8 million and in 2013 to reach 7.98 million.
Poverty alleviation has also changed significantly step. On holidays, the mass
organizations have support for poor families is VND300,000 / household for Tet,
supporting rice for poor households, have policies to support poor households to economic
development. 2012 commune still 213 poor households, accounting for 26.83%; by 2013
the number of poor households dropped to 181 households, down 4% compared to 2012.
4.6.3. Development Status of infrastructure.
Kim Son commune, attaches great importance to maintaining and maintenance of
rural roads is 26.1 km, the new open platform 1.650m public roads, repairing bridges,
bamboo, wood ... However, new communes have two hamlets are Mo and Bai hamlets is
about 2km route road plastic and concrete, while two hamlets are Muon and Lot are dirt
roads in the rainy season very difficult to move.

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There has 12B route passing communes have roads to facilitate the movement and

external and internal traffic.
4.6.4. Education and Training.
Education and training at Kim Son commune relatively quite. Education is
concerned, the commune has three schools: one preschool, one elementary, one junior high
school. Among them, 261 preschool children, 231 primary school children, secondary
school 165 students. The quality of training and teaching have much variation, number of
students tested proficient student district and province, passing the professional schools
increases. Number provincial excellent teachers have 4 teachers, the district has 11
teachers.
4.6.5. Health.
Successful implementation of the national program on health care and health care
for the people. In 2014 the number of people in primary care clinic was 3,033 people
reached 142% compared to 2014. The program plans to expanded vaccination had injected
enough vaccine for 63 7 children under 1 year old and pregnant women vaccinated tetanus.
Held on for nutrients, immunization, vitamin A for 231 children of 100% of the plan. Also
maintain good operational health programs such as Prevention Program malaria program
of reproductive health care, prevention programs and programs goitre media health
education.
Working Population, Family and Children: Always interested in the propagation
Population, Family and Children. 2014 with 522 users of contraception, 6 people have a
third child, the rate of natural population growth in 2014 was 1.5%, down 0.59% compared
with 2013.

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V. RESULT
5.1. Diversity about medicinal plant:
5.1.1. Diversity follows these steps classification
Follow the number of medicinal plants collected classify according to the system's

evolution Takhtajan (2009).
a. Phylum taxonomy
The research results have identified 108 species of plants, which are used for
medicine by popular in Kim Son commune; belong to 55 families of 2 in 7 phylum plants:
Polypodiophyta, Magnoliophyta. The research results are presented in Table 5.1.
Table 5.1: Distributions of medicinal plants are popular in Kim Son commune
Phylum
NO.

Families
Vietnamese

Scientific name

Species

Ratio
Number

name

Ratio
Number

(%)

(%)

1


Polypodiophyta

Dương xỉ

2

3.64

2

1.85

2

Magnoliophyta

Hạt kín

55

96.36

106

98.15

2.1

Magnoliopsida


42

76.36

92

83.61

11

20.00

14

14.54

55

100

108

100

Lớp Hai lá
mầm
Lớp Một lá
2.2

Liliopsida

mầm
Total

The results show that the majority of plant medicine of choice are belong to
Magnoliophyta with 98.15% total species and species belong to Polypodiophyta only have
1.85%. This suggests that Magnoliophyta plants in the industry are rich and diverse.

- 17 -


b. Families taxonomy
The diversity of medicinal plant’s Muong ethnic people is also reflected in the
number of plant families. Synthesis of their results is presented in Table 5.2.
Table 5.2: Diversity number of plant families
Families
Content

Species

Ratio

Number

Ratio

(%)

( NL)

(%)


Number
Medicinal plant’s Muong people

55

100

108

100

Number of Families have NL > 3

6

10.91

43

39.81

Number of Families have NL ≤ 3

12

21.82

28


25.93

Number of Families only have 1species

37

67.27

37

34.26

In Kim Son, there are 55 plant families used for medicinal plants with 108 species,
average species for each families is 3, 6 families have a larger the number of species
occupy 10.91%, there are 12 families have equal and less than average number species
accounting for 21.82% and 37 families only have one species accounting for 67.27%. From
the last review criteria can be concluded that medicinal plant’s Muong people are diversity
in family.
c. Life forms taxonomy
Based on the survey results of the life forms of medicinal plant’s Muong people in
Kim Son commune, we divided into 4 forms of life (by: Ministry of Agriculture and Rural
Development (2000) " Tên cây rừng Việt Nam", Hoang Chung (1980).) are: Wood, Shrub,
Herb and Liana. The research results are shown in the form of life tables 5.3.
Follow this table shows that medicinal plants are popular in Kim Son commune
mainly use are herbs, lianas and shrubs corresponding ratio is 34.78%, 23.19% and
23.19%. The research results on life forms show that herbs are the most often used,

- 18 -



because follow the concept and heirloom experience of people in Kim Son almost herbs is
medicine, herbs are many and easy to reborn (“growing fast like the grass”), especially
herbs have tuber (all good material hold on tuber. Ex: ginseng). Show that we need to
provide solutions to guide the search for medicinal plants resources, utilization associated
with the conservation of this resource.
Table 5.3: Diversity of life forms of medicinal plant’s Kim Son people
Family
NO.

Species

Life forms
Number

%

Number

%

1

Herb

24

34.78

37


38.54

2

Shrub

16

23.19

20

20.83

3

Liana

16

23.19

21

21.88

4

Wood


13

18.84

18

18.75

Total

69

100

96

d. Diversity in the distribution of medicinal plants according to the habitat
Distribution of medicinal plants habitat is divided into 3 main categories: wild
(W), were planted in the garden (C) and the medium has grown wild and in the garden
(WC). The research results are shown in Figure 5.4.

Figure 5.1: Diversity in the distribution of medicinal plants
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100


From the chart above can see the number of wild plants used by local people the
most, accounting for 44.44%. The numbers of plants exploit in wild and planted in the
garden also a high proportion (40.74%). The numbers of plants are planted in the garden is

really small 14.82%. This shows that mainly derived medicinal plants that people use are
growing wild.
e. Diversity of used parts
The research results of used parts are assembled in Table 5.5.
Table 5.4: Diversity of plant parts used drugs
NO.

Part used

Number

Ratio (%)

1

Leave

48

50

2

Stems

25

26.04

3


Branches

24

25

4

Barks

7

7.29

5

Roots

23

29.96

6

Fruits

6

6.25


7

Flowers

3

3.13

8

Seeds

1

1.04

9

Tubers

9

9.38

Through this table shows, the leaves are parts or most people have to use 48 of the
total 108 species accounted for 50%. Number of species use leaves than 6.8 times the the
number of species using bark. Leaves are parts easy to collect, process, effectively react
quickly to simple common diseases in the locality, such as measles, flu, skin should be
used much Muong communities. Other parts such as stems, roots, flowers, fruits, roots and

seeds are often used to treat heavy, long treatment time, how often harvest processing more
difficult. These parts are mainly exploited to sell for the healers or to sell to the
surrounding area.

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