16 b d i h q c cd ch d u n g n g Q p h d p vd vie t T ien g A n h

167

Bdi 9
Dau phay, dau chdm
phay vd dau hai cham
Noi dung
•

Hoc cac quy tac danh cho dau phay

•

Cach suf dung dau cham phay trong cac
cau

•

Gidi thieu dau hai cham


168

16 bd i H q c cdch d u n g n g U p h d p vd v ie t T ie n g Anh

au phay hufu ich de bieu thi cac khoang dtfng
hoac cac khoang nghi ngdn trong cac y kien
cua ban. Chung bo sung nhip vko cau cua
ban va lam cho chung ro rang hon. Nhieu ngifdi
viet mdi bat dau khong suf dung hoac lam dung

dau phay, dieu nay lam cho cau cua ho trd nen
phufc tap, hoac doi khi co the lam cho y nghia
khong rd rang. Cac quy tac danh cho dau phay thi
don gian va khong kho hoc.

D

Dau cham phay va dau hai cham thtfcmg bi nham
lan va doi khi bi lam dung. Quy tac chinh danh cho
cac dau cham cau nay la stf dung chung mot cach
can than. Cac dau cham phay ket hop cac menh de
doc lap va muc trong moi chuoi va dau hai cham
dupe dung de gidi thieu mot danh sach, mot ldi
trich dan hay mot cau noi trang trong, va de gidi
thieu mot cau phat bieu lai hoac cau giai thich. Mot
khi ban nam vtfng cac quy tac de phat am hieu qua
thi bai viet cua ban se cai thien theo do.

Cach sir dung dau phay
D au p h a y luon dupe dung de noi cac menh
de doc lap, sau cac menh de hoac cum ttf gidi thieu,
de bat dau cac khoang ngat vdi cac cum ttf hoac
menh de khong gidi han, va gitfa mot ttf hoac cac
ttf bo nghia trong mot chuoi. Co mot sd tinh huong
dac biet ma trong do dau phay cung nen duac dung.


16 b d i h qc cd ch d u n g n g Q p h d p vd viet T ien g A n h

169


VI du, stf dung dau phay vori ckc ldi trich dan, ngky
thkng, dia chi, vi tri va ckc con so' co bon chtf so
hokc nhieu hon. Ckc dau phay khong bao gicf dupe
dung xung quanh ckc menh de giori han hokc de
tkch mot chu ttf vk dong ttf, hokc mot dong ttf vk
tuc ttf triTc tiep cua no.
Ckch tot nhat de tiep can ckc dau phay la
trirdc tien nhan ra rkng chung phat tin hieu dtfng,
vk thtf hai la biet ckc quy tac nao co the dupe uoh
cong ma khong lam cho ngUcfi doc hieu sai. Dau
phay vk dau cham cau thirfrng dirge stf dung nhat
trong ckc cau vk ngiTtfi ta co nhieu thke mkc ve no
hon la bat ky dau cham cau nao khac. M ot ly do la
ckc bien tap vien khac nhau co ckc y tirdng khac
nhau ve khi nao can dau phay. Co the ban dgc mot
quyen skch ma trong do co nhieu dau phay vk mot
quyen skch ma trong do co rat it dau phay. Thong
thufcfng, xu htfdng thien ve dau cham cau it hon, va
xu htfdng nay co nghla la It dau phay hon. Ckc quy
tkc ma ban co the da hgc cr trtftfng trung hoc da
dtfgc uon cong vk vkn dang uon cong.
Doi khi mot dau phay hoan toan can thiet de bao
dam y nghia cua cau, nhir trong ckc vi du sau day.
Because I wanted to help, Dr. Hodges, I pulled
the car over to the side of the road.
Because I wanted to help Dr. Hodges, I pulled
the car over to the side of the road.
Trong cau dau tien, ckp dau phay bieu thi rkng Dr.
Hodges dang dtfgc neu. Dr. Hodges la tuc ttf cua

help. Tuy nhien, hau het cac tinh huong dieu nay
khong rd rkng.


170

16 b d i hqc cdch d u n g n g U p h d p vd v ie t T ie n g Anh

Ket hop cdc menh de doc lap
Thong thif&ng, khi ban ket hop ckc menh de doc
lap bkng mot lien tir phoi hop, hay dat tnrdrc lien
tCr bang mot dau phay.
Lenin never answered these charges, but soon
afterward he was compelled to give up part of
the money.
The novel lacks fully developed characters, and
the plot is filled with unlikely coincidences.
Neu hai menh de doc lap ngkn v a c6 quan he chat
che, ban co the suf dung dau phay hoac bo qua n6,
phu thuoc vao viec ban co muon bieu thi mot khoang
dCrng hay khong.
It was an admirable scheme and it would work.
OR

It was an admirable scheme, and it would work.
The night was cold and the sky was clear.

NOT The night was cold, and the sky was clear.
nhtf rang khi ban sir dung dau phay giufa cdc
menh de doc lap, thi n6 phai dirge di cung v d i mot

trong cac lien tir phoi hgp. Neu khong, thi ban tao
ra mot cau lien tuc (xem b a i 7).
H ay

It had been a tumultuous year that had taken
e v e r y b o d y by s u rp ris e, and it left the
revolutionaries worse off than they had been
before.
NOT It had been a tumultuous year that had taken
e v e r y b o d y by s u r p r i^ . it
t^ e


16 b d i h qc cd ch d u n g n g U p h d p vd viet T ii'n g A n h

171

revolutionaries worse off than they had been
before.

Sau cdc menh de gidri thieu
Viec suf dung mot dau phay sau mot menh de trang
tif gidi thieu lk dieu binh thtfcrng. (Be biet ve ckc
menh de trang tif, hay xem bki 6). Vdi mot menh
de dki, dau phay lk can thiet.
After she walked into the room, we stopped
gossiping.
I f y o u r e c e iv e in a p p ro p ria te m a te ria l,
a c k n o w le d g e it by e x p la in in g to the
correspondent why the material won’t see print.

Vdi xu hifcrng thien ve dau cham cau it ngay nay thi
ban co the bo qua dau phay neu menh de phu ngkn,
vk neu d do khong co kha nkng gay nham lan.
When she arrived we stopped gossiping.
After I was sixteen 1 was allowed to stay out
until midnight.
Hay chkc chkn rkng viec bo qua dau phay se khong
khien cho ngifdi doc hieu nham. Hay xem vi du
dtfdi day.
When we are cooking children cannot com e
into the kitchen, (khong)
When we are cooking, children cannot com e
into the kitchen, (c o )
Khong c6 dau phay, ngtfdi doc c6 the nghi ngd ban


172

16 bd i hqc cdch d u n g ngxZ p h d p vd vie t T ie n g Anh

Sau cdc cum tc]r giori thieu
Hay nhdr rkng, khong giong nhtf mot menh de, mot
cum ttf la mot nhom cdc ttf khong co chu ngtf vk vi
ngtf (xem bai 6).
Neu mot cum ttf giori thieu co nhieu ttf, thi tot nhat
la theo sau no bang mot dau phay. Hay luon suf
dung dau phay neu cd kha n&ng gay hieu lam neu
khong co dau phay.
By taking the initiative to seek out story leads,
a reporter will make a good impression on the

editor.
A t the beginning o f the visiting professor’s
lecture, most of the students were wide awake.
U n lik e so m any p e r fo r m a n c e s
o f the
symphony, this one was spirited and lively.
Before eating, Jack always runs on the beach.
Ltru y rkng cum ttf giori thieu trong vl du sau cung,
mac du no ngan, nhtfng se dan den stf hieu nham
neu bo qua dau phay.
M ot cum phan ttf or phan dau cua cau thi luon dtfgc
theo sau bdi mot dau phay.
Smiling and shaking hands, the senator worked
her way through the crowd.
Dtfng nham lan cum phan ttf vdi mot cum gerund
(xem bai 6). Mot cum gerund bat dau mot cau khong
dtfgc theo sau bdi dau phay. Hay so sanh hai cau
sau day.


16 b d i h qc cd ch d u n g n g Q p h d p vd vie t T ien g A n h

173

Thinking o f the consequences, she agreed not
to release the m em o to the press, (cum phan
tuf gicfi thieu, bo nghla she: stf dung dau phay)
Thinkirig o f the consequences gave her a
tremendous headache, (cum gerund, thtfc hien
chtfc nang la chu ttf cua cau, khong dung

dau phay)
Viec stf dung dau phay sau hau het cdc cum ttf gidri
thieu ngdn la tuy y.
Later that day Jack and Linda drove to the
ocean.
After the main course I was too full for dessert.
F or some unknown reason the car wouldn’t
start.
Cdch tot nhat de quyet dinh xem co stf dung dau
phay hay khong la doc lota cau cua ban vd xem ban
c6 dtfng mot cdch dtft khoat sau cum ttf gidri thieu
hay khong. Hay stf dung dau phay neu ban dtfng
mot cdch khong dtft khoat.

Bat dau ngdt cdc thanh phan
Mot so cum ttf, menh de va cdc thuat ngtf ngdt stf
troi chay cua mot cau va nen dtfgc ddt trong cdc
dau phay. V i du ve cdc ttf ngdt nay la cdc trang ttf
lien ket, cdc cum ttf chuyen y (xem bai 7) va cdc
ten trong dia chi trtfc tiep.
Cdc trang ttf lien ket va cdc cum ttf chuyen y chdng han nh \i consequently, as a matter o f fact, o f
course, therefore, on the other hand, for example,


174

16 bd i hpc cdch d u n g n g Q p h d p vd v ie t T ie n g Anh

however, to tell the truth, moreover - thtfdng dtfgc
theo sau bdi cac dau phay khi chung bkt dau ckc

cau.
F or example, you shouldn’t use the solution
on soft surfaces.
Therefore, he refused to go with us.
Khi chung ngkt mot cau, chung thtfdng dtfgc dkt
trong cac dau phay.
As the project moves along, o f course, you will
be given greater independence.
One who is strong at research, for example,
might be assigned to the library.
B iet stf chu y cua ban la gi. Neu ban muon ngtfdi
doc tarn dtfng, thi hay suf dung ckc dau phay. Neu
khong, hay bo qua chung. Xem hai vi du sau day.
The committee, therefore, agreed to hear the
students.
The committee therefore agreed to hear the
students.
Ca hai cau deu dung. Trong cau thuf hai, cum tCf se
dtfgc doc nhtf la mot phan cua cau troi chay, khong
phai la stf gian doan.
Ten hokc cum ttf dtfgc dung trong dia chi trtfc tiep
thi luon dtfgc theo sau bdi mot dau phay, hokc dtfgc
dkt trong ckc dau phay khi n6 ngkt cau.
Friends, I am here to ask for your support.


16 b d i hpc cdch d u n g n gtf p h d p vd vie t T ien g A n h

175


I tell you, Mr. Smith, I will not be forced into
this by you or anyone.
Yes, readers, I am telling you the truth.
C6c ttf ngdt khdc cung c6 the yeu cau cdc dau phay.
Hay kiem tra cau cua ban de tim cdc thanh phan
ndm ben ngo6i d6ng chinh cua cau v6 d&t chung
trong c6c dau phay.
It is too early, I believe, to call in the police.
The historical tour, we were led to believe, was
organized by experts.
Ckc dau gach ngang v6 dau ngo6c dcfn cung co
the dtfcfc dung de bdt dau mot so loai th6nh phan
ngdt (xem b6i 10), nhtfng ckc dau phay thi tot hem
khi ban muon thu hut it stf chu y doi vdi stf ngdt.

Vdi cdc yeu td gidi han vd khdng gidi
han
■

Hay xem hai cau sau day. Trong cau dau tien,
who arrived yesterday 16 mot menh de gidi han,
nghla 16 mot menh de gidi han, han che hay xac
dinh chu ngtf cua cau. Trong cau thtf hai, cung mot
menh de n6y lai la khong gidi han, nghia 16 no
khong gidi han hay thu hep y nghia ma thay v6o
dd no bo sung them thong tin. 6 c6c thuat ngtf dcm
gian, thanh phan gidi han la cdn thiet de doc gia
hieu; thanh phan khong gidi han thi khong can
thiet.
The women who arrived yesterday toured the

island this afternoon.


176

16 bd i hqc cdch d u n g n g iZ p h d p vd v ie t T ie n g Anh

The women, who arrived, yesterday toured the
island this afternoon.
Trong cau dau tien, who arrived yesterday xdc
dinh chinh xac nhufng ngtfdi phu nuf n&o la chu nguf
cua cau, tach ho khoi tat ca nhtfng ngtfdi phu nuf
khac. Tuy nhien, trong cau thuf hai, thong tin who
arrived yesterday thi khong can thiet doi vdi cau.
No k h o n g tach rdi nhufng ngUdi phu nuf ra khoi
nhufng ngtfdi phu nuf khac. Menh de nay bo sung
thong tin, nhufng thong tin khong can thiet de chung
ta biet dtfcrc ngUdi phu nuf nao d an g duoc noi den.
Chinh ban, la ngtfdi viet, phai quyet dinh loai thong
tin nao ma ban muon dtfa ra.
Cac dau phay tao ra cac stf khdc biet ve y nghla d
day. Cac thanh phan gidi han (hodc can thiet) khong
nen duac dat trong cac dau phay trong khi cac thanh
phan khong gidi han (hoac khong can thiet) nen
dtfgc dat trong dau phay. Xem lai cAc cau sau day.
The workers who went on strike were replaced,
(gidi han)
Th e w orkers, w ho w ent on strik e, were
replaced, (khong gidi han)
Trong cau dau tien, chi cd mot so cong nhan

duoc thay the. Su vang mat cua cac dau phay han
che chu de chi doi vdi cac cong nhan da dinh cong.
Trong cau thuf hai, tat ca cac cong nhan da dtfgc
thay the. Thong tin ma ho da di dinh cong thi
khong can thiet; no khong xac dinh chinh xac cac
cong nhan nao bi thay.
Trong cau sau, cum ttf who are over fifty la can
thiet trong viec gidi han chu ngtf men va du dd


16 b d i h q c cdch d u n g ngtf p h d p vd vie t T ien g A n h

177

khong nen dtfgc ddt trong cdc dau phay. Cau thuf
hai c6 nghia la tat ca nhufng ngifdi ddn ong da qua
tuoi ndm mifcfi, dieu ndy vo ly.
Men who are over fifty have difficulty finding
a new job.
NOT Men, who are over fifty, have difficulty finding
a new job.
Viec co nen suf dung cac dau phay xung quanh cac
thanh phan bo nghia hay khong la hodn toan dUa
tren viec hinh thanh phan la gidi han (can thiet hay
han che) hay khong gidi han (thong tin difgc bo sung).
My brother, who is thirteen, watches television
more than he reads, (thong tin di/dc bo sung)
The man who took the pictures is being sued
for invasion of privacy (can thiet)
Cats, m ore independent than dogs, are good

pets for people who work all day. (thong tin bo
sung)
Cats who are fussy eaters are a trial to their
owners, (can thiet)
My brother, swimming in the ocean, saw a shark
(thong tin bo sung)
People sw im m ing in the ocean should watch
for sharks, (can thiet)

Vdri cdc tcif dong vj
Cdc tCf dong vi la cac tif neu lai hodc nhan biet
danh tif hodc dai tif (xem bdi 3). Khi cac tif dong vi,


178

16 bd i hqc cdch d u n g ngtf p h d p vd v ie t T ie n g Anh

khong gidi han, thi chung dtfgc dat trong cAc dau
phay.
Kublai Khan, grandson o f Genghis, was the first
Mongol emperor of all China.
Jack Kerouac, one o f the most famous o f the
Beat Generation writers, came to symbolize the
era he wrote about.
Patricia Mack, my old friend from college,
became a successful writer.
Tuy nhien, doi khi mot ttf dong vi la can thiet bdi
vi no gidi han chu ngtf. Do do, no khong dtfgc dat
trong cac dau phay. H a y xem cac vi du sau day.

Shakespeare’s play Hamlet was probably
written about 1600.
NOT Shakespeare’s play, Hamlet, was probably
written about 1600.
Trong vi du nay, neu ban dat Hamlet trong cac dau
phay, thi ban cho rang Shakespeare chi viet mot v§
kich. Rd rang, ttf dong vi Ham let la gidi han. N6
gidi han chu ngtf play.

Gitfa cdc mac trong mot chudi
Stf dung cac dau phay de ta c h rdi cac muc
trong mot chuoi. Mac du mot so bien tap vien cam
thay rang co the chap nhan viec bo qua dau phay
sau cung trong mot chuoi - cach n h a b a o v a n h tfn g
ngtfdi viet ve kinh doanh thtfdng la m nhtf vay viec khong bo qua dau phay sau cung thi an toan
hcfn.


16 b d i H q c cd c h d u n g n g O p h d p vd vi&'t T ien g A n h

179

He b o u g h t a d is h w a s h e r, m ic r o w a v e ,
refrigerator, and washer from the outlet.
Her play is filled with coincidences, false
anticipations, and non responsive dialogue.
Viec bo qua dau phay sau cung c6 the tao ra sir mo
ho, vk viec ban nen thong nhat trong suot b&i viet
cua minh, tai sao khong suf dung nhat qu£n dau
phay sau cung va tr&nh c^c van de co the c6?

Hair, clothing and jew elry all send messages
to a prospective employer, (co the chap nhan)
Hair, clothing, and jew elry all send messages
to a prospective employer, (tot hcfn)
She told us about the subway, the elevators at
Bloom ingdale’s and the Metropolitan Museum
o f A rt. (m d h o : the e le v a to r s at both
Bloom ingdale’s and the Metropolitan Museum
or just at Bloom ingdale’s?)
She told us about the subway, the elevators at
Bloom ingdale’s, and the Metropolitan Museum
o f Art. (tot hcfn)
DCrng suf ckc dau phay neu tat ca ckc muc trong
mot chuoi duoc ket hop b&ng and hoSc or.
He asked to see Martha and Helen and Eileen.
NO T He asked to see Martha, and Helen, and Eileen.


180

16 bd i hqc cdch d u n g n g Q p h d p vd v ie t T ie n g Anh

Gitfa cdc td bo nghla trong mot chudi
Cac tir bo nghla trong mot chuoi thtfcmg dtfgc tach rfri
bang cac dau phay. Nhtfng khong dat mot dau phay
gitfa ttf bo nghia sau cung \k ttf ma no bo nghia.
It was a dark, gloom y, forbidding house.
NOT

It was a dark, gloom y, forbidding, house.


Trong vl du nay, tat ca ba ttf bo nghia - dark, gloomy
va forbidding bo nghia house.
Tuy nhien, doi khi dieu dtftfng nhtf la ttf bo nghia
that stf la thanh phan cua thanh to dang dtfgc bo
nghia. Hay xem c£c vi du sau day.
He is a tall, good-looking, intelligent young
man.
Young man, khong chi man, la thanh to dang dtfgc
bo nghia. Do do, dtfng stf dung dau phay sau intelli­
gent.
• They bought a beautiful, spacious summer
home.
Summer home, khong chi home, dang dtfgc bo nghia.
Dtfng stf dung dau phay sau spacious.
De kiem tra xem ban nen stf dung mot dau phay
trtfdc tinh ttf sau cung trong mot chuoi hay khong,
hay xem thtf co y nghia khi dao ngtfgc thtf ttf cua
cac tinh ttf hay khong. Neu ban co the dao ngtfgc
chung ma khong lam thay doi y nghia hoac loai bo
y nghia, thi hay stf dung.cac da'u phay gitfa chung.
Neu khong, thi dtfng stf dung dau phay.


16 b d i h qc cdch d u n g n g Q p h d p vd vie t T ien g A n h

181

It was a dark, gloom y, forbidding house.
It was a forbidding, dark, gloomy house, (khong

thay doi y nghla)
Thuf tii cua cdc tinh tir co the thay doi; do d6, hay
suf dung dau phay gitfa chung.
They bought a beautiful spacious sum m er
home.
They bought a summer, beautiful, spacious
home, (khong co y nghla)
Bang cach thay doi thtf ttf cua cac tinh ttf, cau tror
nen khong can thiet. Do do, ban khong stf dung
dau phay gitfa spacious va summer.

Cac dau phay vdri cdc dau trich ddn
Cac dau phay d ben trong dau trich dan, cho du
chung co phai la thanh phan cua lcfi trich dan hay
khong.
He called her “that fiend from Hell, “and he
sent a series of threatening letters.
“I can’t believe you ate the entire watermelon, ”
she said.

Cac cdch dung khdc cua dau phay
Co mot so tinh huong dac biet ma or do ban nen stf
dung dau phay. Vi du, cac dau phay dtfgc dung
trong c^c tinh huong sau day:


182

•


16 b d i hqc cdch d u n g n g U p h d p vd v ie t T ie n g Anh

De trinh bay cac ldi trich dan, vdi he said,
she muttered,...
He saich “Let’s go.”
“Wait a while,” she said “ and 1will.”

•

Gitfa cac muc trong ca c ngay thang va dia
chi (ngoai trtf gitfa bang va ma vu ng)
1328 Say Road, Santa Paula, CA 93060
D ecem ber 10, 1902

•

Gitfa ca c thanh pho va hat, thanh pho va
bang, bang va quoc gia.
Boise, Idaho

•

De b a t dau cac muc trong ca c ngay thang
va dja chi ben trong ca c cau
D ecem ber 10, 1902, is his birthday.
He lived at 23 Park Street, Boise, Idaho, until
he left for Chiapas, Mexico.

•


Trong ca c so co hdn bon chtf so
50,000
293,456,678

•

Sau ca c ldi chao va ldi ket trong ca c btfc thtf
Dear Judith,
Yours truly,


16 b d i h qc cdch d u n g n g U p h d p vd vii't T ien g A n h

•

183

De dinh kem m ot chtfc vu hoac thuf bac
Jeff Nelson, LL.D., spoke at the dinner.

Cac van de vai dau phay
Loi chinh ma ngudri ta mdc phai vdi ckc dau
phay do 1^ dat chung or noi ma chung khong thuoc
ve.
Dtfng suf dung cac dau phay xung quanh cac thanh
to gidi han.
The novel Naked Lunch, was banned from the
school library.
NOT The novel, Naked Lunch, was banned from
the school library.

\

Dtfng tach rcfi chu ngtf vdri dong ttf bang mot dau
phay.
The girl in the window is not my sister.
NOT The girl in the window, is not my sister.
Dtfng tach rcfi dong ttf va tuc ttf gian tiep hoac bo
ngtf bang mot dau phay.
I saw immediately the mistake I had made.
NOT

I saw immediately, the mistake I had made.

Khi cau cua ban bao gom cac thanh to dtfcfc ghep
cap - chang han, vori cac lien ttf ttfcfng quan - dtfng
stf dung dau phay de tach rcfi chung.


184

16 bd i hqc cdch d u n g n git p h d p vd vie t T ie n g Anh

I wanted either a trip to Europe o r a new
Mercedes.
NOT

1 wanted either a trip to Europe, or a new
Mercedes.

Trong cac tinh huong khdc khi ban khong chSc

ve viec stf dung dau phay hay khong, thi dtfng them
dau phay vi stf khong an toan. Hay kiem tra c&c
quy tdc trtfdrc tien, va neu cau tra lcri khong nam or
do, thi hay dtfa vao tai cua ban de cho ban biet khi
nao mot khoang dtfng la quan trong.

Cach sdr dang cua dau cham phay
Nhtfng ngtfcri viet bat dau thtfdng stf dung sai
dau cham phay de noi cac doan hoac cac cau ma
that stf le ra nen la hai cau rieng biet. Stf dung
dau cham phay de noi hai menh de doc lap hoac
mot chu6i cac muc.

Noi cdc menh de doc lap
M ot dau cham phay thi giong nhtf mot dau cham,
nhtfng trong khi mot dau cham tach rcri hai menh
de doc lap va bien chung thanh cac cau rieng biet,
thi mot dau cham phay ket hop chung de cho thay
stf noi ket chat che. So sanh cac vi du sau day.
I helped the comm ittee all I could. I even
searched the back issues of the paper to find
evidence.
I helped the com m ittee all I cou ld ; I even
searched the back issues of the paper to find
eviden ce.


16 b d i h q c cdch d u n g n g Q p h d p vd vie t Tiling A n h

185


I helped the committee all I could, and I even
searched the back issues of the paper to find
evidence.
Tat ca ba vl du deu dung. Dau cham phay nhan
manh moi quan he mat thiet giufa hai menh de doc
lap.
Thong thtfcmg ban se tim thay mot trang ttf lien
ket hodc mot cum ttf chuyen y (xem bai 7) trong
menh de theo sau dau cham phay, vi cdc ttf do chi
ra moi quan he giufa cac menh de.
The results o f the inquiry w ere u n clea r;
however, the head of the project resigned.
Some people continued to support us; others,
on the other hand, refused to speak to us.
Cdc ttf chi thi giong nhtf the nay khong dtfoc yeu
cau. Nhtfng dtfng stf dung dau cham phay trtf khi
ban muon nhan manh moi quan he mat thiet gitfa
cdc menh de.
It was time to vote; we were sick of the endless
wrangling, (c o )
It was time to vote; the secretary carried lunch
in and put it on the table, (khong co, trtf khi
viec bo phieu lien quan den btfa an trtfa)
Ban co the theo sau mot dau cham phay de chia
cdc menh de doc lap vdi mot trong bay lien ttf
phoi hop (xem bai 5), mdc du khong nhat thiet
phai 1dm nhtf vay vi no 1a luc ban tach cdc menh
de doc lap bdng mot dau phay.



186

16 bd i hqc cdch d u n g n g U p h d p vd v i i t T ie n g Anh

That night the timber wolf appeared to reviue;
but when we woke in the morning, full of hope
that we had saved it, we were saddened to find
its body at the edge of the clearing.
Ho&n to&n dung khi suf dung dau phay tnldc but
trong vl du n&y; tuy nhien, dau cham phay tao ra
mot khoang di/ng manh hon. Cung vay, vi da c6
hai dau phay trong menh de thuf hai roi, cho nen
can co mot dau cham phay, vi n6 chi ra khoang
ngSt chinh trong cau.

Gitfa cdc mac trong mot chudi
Trong mot chuoi, suf dung mot dau cham phay giufa
cac muc neu cac muc do d£c biet d&i, ho&c neu ban
than chung co chufa dau phay.
The planning committee included David H.
Takahashi, president of the Kiwanis Club; Leroy
Carter, head of the local merchants group;
Romana Gilbert, editor of the local paper; and
Irma Quintero, Spanish department chairperson
at the junior college. Jesse Stone’s report states
that the college, plagued by financial worries,
cannot fulfill these needs; that the community
response, while positive, has not resulted in
substantial donations; and that charitable

organizations, service clubs, and private donors
have been overwhelmed with similar requests.
Lilli y rang khi cac dau cham phay duoc dung trong
chuoi, thi cac muc cua chuoi d6 khong can phai la
menh de doc lap.


16 b d i h qc cd ch d u n g n g U p h d p vd vie t T ien g A n h

187

Cac ddu chdm phay vdri cac dau trich
ddn
Hay theo quy tdc n&y khi xuf ly cdc dau trich dan:
Hay luon dat dau dau cham phay ben ngoai dau
trich dan.
He asked m e to be quiet and mind my
“atrocious manners”; I told him I’d say what I
pleased.
Mrs. Coot wanted to use words like “ prohibit”
and “fo r b id "; to d e v is e strong, painful
punishments for infractions; to publish this book
of rules as soon as possible; and, in a bountiful
gesture, to distribute it to the orphans on
Christmas Eve along with their gruel.

Cac van da vdri cdc ddu chdm phay
Ngoai triT khi diroc dung de tach rcri cac muc trong
mot chuoi, mot dau cham phay phai dtfgc theo sau
bdi mot menh de doc lap hoac ban tao ra mot

doan cau.
1 expected to win the debate; even if my
opponent had m ore experience, (doan cau)
1 had studied the subject thoroughly; and
researched even the minor points, (doan cau)
Cac cau n&y co the dtfgc sufa bang cdch thay doi
dau cham cau hoac bang cach lam cho menh de
thuf hai doc lap.


188

16 b d i hqc cdch d u n g n g U p h d p vd v ie t T ie n g Anh

I expected to win the debate, even if my
opponent had more experience.
I had studied the subject thoroughly; I had
researched even the minor points.

Cach suf dung dau hai chd'm
D a u h ai cham difgc dung de gidi thieu mot danh
s&ch. No co the la ldi gidi thieu trang trong bkng
cach sd dung as follows, ho&c it trang trong.
The cerem ony to honor Dr. Mills included
everything: a moving introduction, a recitation
of her achievements, a series of testimonials,
and a stirring forecast of her future in the new
position.
The questions were as follows: Where did you
last work? For how long? What was your job

title? What were your primary achievements?
As follows va follow ing la cac chi thi ro rang ma
mot dau hai cham la phu hop. Nhifng nhd vl du dau
tien minh hoa, cAc thanh to gidi thieu trang trong
nay khong duoc yeu cau. Cung vay, hay sd dung
mau td chd thddng sau dau hai cham trd khi danh
sach cua ban ddoc tao ra td cAc cau noi hoan chinh,
nhd trong vl du thd hai.

thieu
■ mot
■ ldi trich ddn hodc
■ mot
■
cdu noi trang trong
Gidrj

Dau hai cham dtfgc dung de gidi thieu mot ldi trich
dan hoSc mot cau noi trang trong. Va mot menh
de doc lap phai ddng trddc dau hai cham. Cau noi


16 b d i H q c cdch d u n g n g U p h d p vd vie t T ien g A n h

189

theo sau dau hai cham bdt dau bdng mot mau tii
viet hoa.
R em em ber this: Don’t waste time, don’t waste
money, but - most important of all— don’t waste

your energies and talents.
The speaker made the following observation:
“In the future, communication between people
all over the world will lead not to an enriched
culture but to a homogenous one.”

Gidrj thieu mot cdu noi loi hodc Idri gidi
thich
■

■

■

■

wP

Mot dau hai cham co the dtfgc dung gitfa hai menh
de doc lap khi menh de thtf hai giai thich hodc neu
lai menh de thtf nhat.
The program was an unqualified success:
hundreds o f people attended.
These shoes are the best: they are durable,
inexpensive, and stylish.
LtfU y rdng khi dau hai cham dtfgc dung theo cdch
n&y, n6 c6 the dtfgc theo sau bdi mot mau ttf chtf
thtfcmg, giong nhtf dau cham phay.
Be kiem tra xem ban nen stf dung dau cham
phay hay dau hai cham gitfa c&c menh de, hay ttf

hoi minh x e m ban co the chen cum ttf that is sau
dau do hay khong. Neu ban c6 the thi hay stf dung
dau hai cham; neu khong, hay stf dung dau cham
phay.


190

16 bd i hpc cdch d u n g ngiZ p h d p vd v ie t T ie n g An h

These shoes are the best: that is, they are
durable, inexpensive, and stylish, (c o )
M ot dau hai cham thi thich hop trong vi du tnfdrc.
Cum ttf co the diiOc ch6n or day. Menh de thtf hai
giai thich menh de thtf nhat. Cum ttf that is khong
phu hop trong cau thtf hai. M ot dau cham phay la
phu hop.
He struggled for years; that is, success finally
arrived, (khong)
He struggled for years; success finally arrived.
(c o )

Cac dau hai cham vdri cac ddu trich dtin
Theo quy tdc nay, viec stf dung c£c dau trich dan
trong mot cau: Hay luon dat cac dau hai cham ben
ngoai cac dau trich dan.
The article was called “The Last W ord”: it was
his definitive statement.
This statement is from an article called “Good
A d v ic e ”: “ Before you decide to marry a man,

check out his relationship with his mother."

Cac cdch dung khdc cua dau hai chdm
Ban cung can hoc mot so trtfcrng hop dac bi&t de
stf dung dau hai cham. M ot dau hai cham dtftfc
dung trong cac tinh huong sau day:
Be ta c h rdi gicf v a phut khi viet thdi gian
4:15 p.m.


16 b d i h qc cd ch d u n g ngiZ p h d p vd vii't Tiifng A n h

191

8:00 a.m.
Be tkch rdi tap vk so, ho&c tap vk so trang cua
mot tap chi
Entertainment Weekly Vl:4
Newsweek 87:53-56
Be tkch rtfi so chtfong vk so khd cua ckc doan kinh
thanh
Matthew 4:16
Be gidri thieu mot phu de
Jane Austen: A Fem inist’s View
Be ket thuc lcfi ch&o cua mot btfc thuf kinh doanh
Dear Dr. Aguinaldo:

Cac vdn de vdi dau hai chdm
BCfng suf dung dau hai cham de t&ch rtfi ckc th&nh
to cua cau thuoc ve nhau, nhtf dong ttf h&nh dong

khoi tuc ttf cua no ho&c dong ttf noi khoi bo ngtf
cua no.
The four things I want are success in business,
a happy marriage, creative fulfillment, and
peace of mind.
NOT The four things 1 want are: su ccess in
bu sin ess, a happy m arria ge, c re a tiv e
fulfillment, and peace of mind.