OUOC TE CONG SAN V6l QUA TRINH VAN DONG
T H A N H LAP D A N G CONG SAN VIET NAM
DINH XUAN L t *

Y

ao nhQng nSm d i u thd'^ ky XX, tren
chfnh trudng quoc ti phong triio
each m^ng th§ gidi phat trien manh me, vdi
dinh cao 1^ thSng l^i cua cupc Cach mang
thang Mudi Nga (1917). Trong boi canh lich
sii dd, thang 3-1919, dudi sy lanh dao cua
Lenin, cac Dang Cpng san v^ nhdm cpng
san cua 30 nUdc da tiS'n h^nh D^i hpi (t^i
Matxcdva - Lien X6) th&nh Iftp Quoc te
Cpng san - Quoc t^ HI (1). D^i hpi xac dinh
nhipm vy chig'n lupe cua Qud'e ti III Ih to
chiic nhiing Ivtc lupng cua giai ctfp vd san
nh^m tien cong each mang vko cac chfnh
phu tu ban chu nghia, nh4m tien hanh npi
chien chdng giai ctfp tU san de gi^nh chfnh
quy&, di xay d\Ing chu nghia xa hpi (2).

da'u tranh chd'ng lai giai cap tu san. Chu
trUPng eua Qudc te Cpng san la t i p hdp
khdng chl giai ca'p cdng nhan ma cdn tSp
hpp da sd nhQng ngudi bi bde lot va bi ap
bQc.
Dai hpi lln thQ IV eua Qudc te Cpng san
(hpp tQ ngay 5-11 den ngay 5-12-1922),
tren cd sd vach rd nguy ed chii nghia phat xft da de ra nhQng nguyen tdc cd ban cho

cupc da^u tranh chdng phat-xit. Dai hpi
thdng qua "De cUcfng ehung ve vdn di
phUcfng Ddng" de ra ehu trifdng xay dung
Mat trdn thdng nhdt chd'ng chu nghia di'
qudc b cac nude phUdng Ddng thupc dia (d
phUdng Tay la Mat trdn cdng nhdn thd'ng
nhdt chd'ng giai cdp tU sdn). Xac dinh cupc
da'u tranh cua nhan dan eae nude phUdng
Ddng chd'ng chu nghia de qud'e la lau dai,
quyet liet nen phai tdp hpp, phat huy ta't ca
cac t i n g Idp each mang.

T^i D^i hpi liin thU II ciia Qudc te Cpng
san (hpp tiJt ngky 19-7 den ng^y 7-8-1920),
Lenin da trinh b^y ban bao cao "Scf thdo
ldn thd nhdt nhiing ludn cUcfng vi vdn di
ddn tdc vd thudc dia". Bao cao cua Lenin da
D^i hdi lln thQ V cua Qudc te Cpng san
d^t CO sd cho vipc xay d i ^ g lign minh, dolln (hpp tQ ngay 17-6 den ngay 8-7-1924) tiep
ke't giQa phong trko dfi'u tranh ciia giai cft'p t\ic quan triet chu trUdng xay dUng mat
cong nhfin cac nUdc tU ban vdi phong trao tran, tap hpp ddng dao quin ehung nhan
da'u tranh cua nhan dan lao dpng cac nUdc dan lao dpng dudi sU lanh dao cua cae dang
thupc dja vk niia thupc dja.
cpng san.
D^i hpi l l n thii III cua Quoc te Cpng san
(hpp tCf ngky 22-6 den ngky 12-7-1921), l l n
diu tien di ra nhipm vy xay dyng mpt Mat
tr^n thd'ng nhdt cda giai cdp cdng nhdn
PGS.TS. D^i hpc Quoc gia Ha Npi


Dai hpi lln thQ VI cua Qudc te Cpng san
(hpp tQ ngay 17-7 den ngay 1-9-1928) (3)
da thdng qua Cuong linh cua Qudc ti'Cdng
sdn. CQdng linh tong ket kinh nghipm lanh


Rghien cuu Lich siir. sg 8.2009
dao cua Qud'e te Cong san, cua phong trao
cdng nhan qud'e te, dong thdi chi ra phUdng
hudng phat trien cua phong trao cdng nhan
quo'c te. Va dac biet, Dai hpi da thdng qua
ban "De cUcfng vi phong trdo cdch mgng d
cdc nUdc thugc dia vd niia thugc dia", vach
rd tien trinh each mang dan chu tU san
kieu mdi, xac lap cac dieu kien cho each
mang xa hpi chu nghia.
Su ra ddi va qua trinh hoat dpng cua
Quo'c te Cpng san qua cac ky dai hpi tQ Dai
hpi I den Dai hpi VI, ed y nghia quan trpng
dd'i vdi phong trao each mang the gidi.
TrUdc hi't, da thuc day viec thanh lap eae
Dang cpng san b nhieu nUde: Thang 51919, Dang Cong san Bun-ga-ri ra ddi; tQ
thang 3 den thang 11-1920, Dang Cpng san
dupe thanh lap b ckc nUdc Nam Tu, My,
Me-hi-cd, Dan Mach, Tay Ban Nha, In-ddne-xi-a, I-ran, Anh, Thd' Nhi Ky, U-ruguay, 0-xtrali-a, Dang qudc te xa hpi chii
nghia Ac-hen-ti-na, Dang cdng nhan xa hpi
chii nghia Hy Lap, Dang xa hpi chu nghia
Ru-ma-ni, Dang xa hpi dan ehu canh ta
Thutj Dien, Dang cdng nhan Na Uy, Dang
xa hoi chii nghia I-ta-li-a, Dang xa hpi ehu

nghia Anh...; Thd hai Id, md ra mpt giai
doan phat trien mdi eiia phong trao cpng
san va cdng nhan qudc te. Bao Bda liim, ed
quan ngdn luan eua Ddng DUdng Cpng san
Dang, so'4, ngay 15-11-1929, viet: "Qudc te
Cpng san lap ra de tap trung lUc lUdng thd
thuyen va cac ngudi bi ap bQc, de ehi dan
eho quan ehung bi hoc lot de ndn dd dOng
len danh do' tU ban chu nghia va tui Xa hpi
Dan chu, de chi dan cho vd san giai ca'p
tranh da'u dUdc thang ldi" (4).
Ddng gdp nd'i bat cua Qudc te Cpng san
ddi vdi phong trao each mang phUdng Ddng
la viec to' chQc nay chii trUdng thanh lap
TrUdng Dai hpc phUdng Ddng (ten gpi tat

cua TrUdng Dai hpc cdng san cua nhQng
ngudi lao dpng phUdng Ddng) de dao tao
can bp each mang cho cac nUde thupe dia va
phu thupc. Trong g i n 20 nSm ton tai,
Trudng da dao tao cho cac nUdc phUdng
Ddng hang ngan can bp, trong dd cd nhQng
ngUdi ve sau trd thanh can bp lanh dao ed
uy tin cua cac dang cpng san b cac nUdc.
Nguyen Ai Quo'c danh gia: "Viec thanh lap
TrUdng Dai hpc phUdng Ddng, tap hdp
nhQng ngUdi lanh dao tfch cUc, thdng minh
cua eae thupc dia, da lam dUde mpt cdng
cupc to Idn" (5). Va 'TrUdng dai hpe phUdng
Ddng dm a'p dUdi mai trUdng minh tat ca

tUdng lai ciia cac dan tpc thupc dia" (6).
Ddi vdi each mang Viet Nam, sU kien
d i u tien phan anh vai trd cua Qud'e te Cpng
san la viec vao nSm 1920, Nguyen Ai Qudc
(sau 10 nam bdn ba tim con dUdng cQu
nude) dpc bao cao "So thdo ldn thit nhdt
nhdng ludn cUcfng vi vdn di ddn tgc vd
thudc dia" (7) dSng tren bao Nhdn dgo, sd
ra ngay 16 va 17 thang 7 nSra 1920 (Bao
eao nay la npi dung chii yeu cua Nghi quyet
Dai hpi l l n thQ II Qudc te Cpng san).
Nguyen Ai Qud'e tim tha'y trong Luan
cUdng cua Lenin ldi giai dap ve con dudng
giai phdng cho nhan dan Viet Nam; ve va'n
de thupc dia trong mdi quan hp vdi phong
trao each mang the gidi... Cung vdi vipc
nghien cQu eae van kien khae cua Qudc te
Cpng san, Nguyen Ai Qud'e da den vdi chu
nghia Lenin, den vdi Qudc te Cpng san. Tai
Dai hpi Dang Xa hpi Phap (thang 12-1920),
Nguyin Ai Qud'e bd phieu tan thanh vipc
gia nhap Qud'e te Cpng san (8) va tham gia
thanh lap Dang Cong san Phap. Su kipn
nay danh dau budc ngoat cupc ddi boat
dpng each mang eua Nguyen Ai Qudc - tQ
ngUdi yeu nude trd thanh ngUdi cpng san
qud'e te va tim tha'y con dUdng cQu nUdc
dung din: "Mud'n ciiu nUdc vd gidi phdng



Qu6c te c6ng sAn vdi qu6 h-inh van ddng.
ddn tdc khdng cd con dUdng ndo khde con
dudng cdch mgng vd sdn".
Thang 6 nfim 1923, Nguyen Ai Qudc den
Lien Xd lam viec tai Ban PhUdng Ddng ciia
Qudc te Cpng san. Tai day, cung vdi viec
thUe hien nhiem vu ddi vdi phong trao cpng
san qudc te, Nguyen Ai Qudc xuc tien
nghien cQu chu nghia Mac-Lenin, xay dUng
ly luan each mang giai phdng dan tpc Viet
Nam (9). Thang 11-1924, Nguyen Ai Qudc
den Quang Chau (Trung Qudc) lam viec vdi
tu each la phien dich eiia phai doan M.Bdrd-din (dai dien Qud'e te Cpng san). Vdi sU
giup dd cua phai doan M.Bd-rd-din,
Nguyen ai Qud'e tSp hdp nhQng ngUdi yeu
nUdc, thanh lap Hgi Viet Nam Cdch mgng
Thanh nien - td chQc tien than ciia Dang
Cpng san Viet Nam.
Nhu vay, vdi tU each la thanh vien cua
Qudc te Cpng san, Nguyen Ai Qudc cd dieu
kien thuan ldi de boat dpng each mang va
tren nen tang tU tudng chfnh tri cua Qud'e
te Cpng san, Nguyen Ai Qud'e da vach
dUdhg ldi each mang Viet Nam (Dudng
each mpnh), chuan bi ve tU tudng chinh tri
va to' chQc cho viec tien tdi thanh lap Dang
Cpng san Vipt Nam.
Phong trao da'u tranh giai phdng dan tdc
b Ddng DUdng va dfic biet la xQ An Nam da
dupe Qud'e te Cdng san quan tam tQ ra't

sdm. Tai Dai hpi lln d i u tien cua Quo'c te
Cpng san da thdng qua Tuyen ngdn cua
Qudc te Cong sdn giii nhQng ngUdi vo san
toan the gidi, trong dd cd de cap den phong
trao da'u tranh d Viet Nam. Va, ngay tQ
cudi nfim 1920, Qudc te Cpng san da cii can
bp cua minh den Viet Nam de nghien cQu
tinh hinh ehudn bi cho viec to' chQc truyen
ba Chii nghia Mac-Lenin (10). Sau khi
nhQng ngUdi den day bi true xua't, Qud'e te
Cpng san da chi thi cho eae dang cpng san
chuyen cae tai lieu Macxit den Viet >>Jam

(11). Cd y kien cho r i n g "cac van kien cua
Qudc te Cdng san gQi nhan dan ta da dUdc
phd' bien d Viet Nam vao thang 7/1924"
(12).
Mot trong nhQng dong gdp quan trong
eiia Qudc te Cong san la dao tao can bo cho
each mang Viet Nam. Sau khi ve hoat dong
d Quang Chau (Trung Quo'c), Nguyen Ai
Qudc cung vdi Bd-rd-din lUa ebon nhieu
can bp Viet Nam va mpt so' nUdc d chau A
sang hpc tai TrUdng Dai hpc phUdng Dong.
NhQng ngUdi Viet Nam dUde dao tao d day
p h i n ldn da trd thanh cac nha lanh dao ciia
Dang Cpng san Viet Nam.
Lien quan den van de thanh lap Dang
Cpng san b Dong DUdng, ed y kien cho
ring, tai Dai hoi VI Quo'c te Cpng san, ddng

chl Nguyin Van Tao (bi danh Nguyen An)
cung hai ngudi Viet Nam khae deu la dang
vien trong dofin dai bieu Dang Cong san
Phap tham dU Dai hpi Quo'c te Cpng san,
nhan danh ngUdi Ddng DUdng thupc dia
ciia Phap da trinh bay trUdc Dai hpi "khfing
dinh d Ddng Dudng cd giai elp vd san va de
nghi Qudc te Cpng san cin het sdc chu y
den va'n de thanh lap mpt dang cdng san d
Ddng Dudng" (13). Day dupe coi la lln diu
tien van de thanh lap Dang Cpng san b
Dong Dudng dUdc dfit ra b dien dan Qud'e te'
Cdng san.
Trong Van kien Ddng, Todn tap, tfip 1,
Nhfi xuat ban Chfnh tri Qudc gia, nfim
2002, cd 4 tai lieu the hien sU quan tam
ciia Qud'e te Cpng san doi vdi phong trao
cpng san d Ddng DUdng. Trong do cd 3 tai
lieu de ra chu trUdng chi dao eu the viec
thanh lap Dang Cpng san d Ddng DUdng.
Tai heu thQ n h i t vdi tieu de: Nhdng
nhdn xet lien quan di'n Nghi quyi't ve viec
thdnh lap Ddng Cong sdn d Ddng DUcfng
(Theo chu giai eua Ban bien tap Van kipn.


6

thi day la ban gop y, nhan xet cua Bernard
trong Ban Bf thu PhUdng Ddng cua Quoc te

Cpng san, de ngay 9-10-1929). Npi dung
ciia tai lieu la nhQng nhan xdt, gdp y rat cu
the, the hien sU quan tam sau sac ciia Quoic
te Cpng san ddi vdi each mang Ddng
DUdng.
Tai lieu thQ hai la Bdn dUa ra thdo luan
tgi phien hgp cua Hgi ddng Ban Bi thU
PhUcfng Ddng, ngay 18-10-1929 (theo chu
giai cua Ban bien tap Van kien Dang thi
day la Bdn dii thdo Nghi quyi't vi viic
thdnh lap Ddng Cong sdn Ddng DUcfng vd
vi nhiim vu sdp tdi cua nhiing ngUdi cdng
sdn Ddng DUcfng)
Trong ban du thao nay, Quoc te Cpng
san de cfip den nhQng dieu kien chin muoi
cho viec thanh lap Dang Cpng san b Ddng
Dudng, nhU: "1) NhQng mau t h u i n giQa
Ddng Dudng la xQ thupc dia vdi chii nghia
de qud'e Phap, nhQng mau thuan giQa mdt
ben la cdng nhan, ndng dan va dan nghdo
thanh thi, vdi ben kia la khdi lien minh
ciia bpn de qudc Phap, bpn dia chu phong
kien ban xQ va bpn quan lai ehu dien,
ngay eang trd nen gay gfit va b Ddng
DUdng ed nhQng dieu kien khach quan cho
cupc each mang dan ehii tU san (each
mang phan de va each mang rupng dit); 2)
Phong trao each mang d Ddng Dudng trd
nen sdi ndi trong dieu kien phong trao
each mang qud'e te phat trien ngay eang

manh me va dieu nay cd y nghia dae bipt trong dieu kien phong trao each mang cl
cae nude thupc dia lang gi§ng (An Dp,
Trung Qud'e) phat trien ngay cfing manh
me; t i t ca nhQng dieu dd tao dieu kipn va
kha nfing- nang cao vfi phat trien manh
hdn nQa phong trao each mang, kha nfing
xay ra va chfic chfin xay ra nhQng bien co
each mang Idn b Ddng Dudng (14).

Rghito curu Lich sJr. sg 8.2009
Ban du thao Nghi quyet, mpt mSt, danh
gia cao viec Dai hpi Hpi Vipt Nam Cach
mang Thanh nien thQa n h i n CUdng linh
ciia Qudc te Cpng san, coi day la budc tien
dang ke trong vi§c doan ket ve tU tudng chfnh trj cac p h i n tii cpng san va chuin bj
to chQc Dang Cpng san Dong Dudng; nhUng
mfit khae, cung chi ra nhQng han ch^,
khuyet diem ciia Dai hpi Thanh nien, d^c
bipt la, trong mpt lo^t va'n de cd ban D?ii
hpi da di chpch khoi lap trudng cpng san ve
ban cha't ciia cac giai d p va ciia Dang...
Dy thao Nghj quyet chi ro cac nhi$m vy
trung tam cho nhiing ngudi cpng san Dong
Dudng thdi k;^ mdi, trong dd nhtfn m^nh:
"Mpt trong nhiing nhipm vy quan trpng
nha't ciia Dang la phat trien phong trao
rupng da't ciia nong dan chdng dja chii va
ket hdp phong trao rupng da't vdi phong
trao phan de... C i n lam sao d l ngay eang
cd ddng dao q u i n chQng biet ddn Dang, bidt

myc dfch va nhipm vy ciia Dang, bidt $
kidn ciia Dang ve ta't ca nhQng va'n dd lam
cho q u i n chiing quan tam, vi thd cin diy
manh vipc tuyen truydn ba't hpp phap bing
sach bao (truydn ddn, nhQng ldi keu gpi,
cac tap sach mdng, ndu c6 kha nang thi ca
ra bao nQa) trong cong nhan, nong dan,
phy nQ, thanh nien cong nong, sinh vien"
(15). Dy thao dong thdi neu cac dieu ki$n c6
tinh nguyen t i c ve nhiing thoa thudn tam
thdi hofic hpp tac vdi cac dang tilu tU san
dan tpc each mang
Vd va'n dd t h i n h lap Dang Cpng san,
ban dy thao Nghj quydt chi ro vi§c tidp tyc
k6o dai tinh trang ho^it dpng tuySn truyen
c6 tfnh cha't td nhdm trong cac td chQc C$ng
san dang trd thanh sy kim ham nguy hilm
ddi vdi qua trinh phat t r i l n chu nghia cpng
san va ddi vdi vi$c thye hipn sy lanh d^io
cpng san trong phong t r i o each m^ng. Va,
de tidn tdi trifu t^p Hpi nghj thanh l$p


Qugc ti cgng s i n v6i qu6 hinh van ddng.
Dang, Quoc td Cdng san de nghi nhQng
ngudi cpng san Ddng Dudng phai thuc hien
cac yeu ciu cd ban sau:

Trung Udng lam thdi phe ehuan cac.td chQc
dia phudng thi Dang phai dUdc dinh hinh

trUde khi Dai hpi hpp;

1. Dudi sU chl dao ciia dai dien Ban
Chip hanh Qudc te Cpng san, tien hanh
d^c each dua vao Ban chap hanh Trung
Udng Vi$t Nam Cach menh Thanh nien
mpt so cdng nhan tien tien la dang vien
cpng san va la thanh vien cua Viet Nam
Cach m§nh Thanh nien;

7. Ban Chip hfinh Trung Udng lam thdi
ciia Dang Cdng san Ddng Dudng phai lien
he vdi cae dang vien cpng san Trung Qudc
sdng luu vong tai Ddng Dudng vfi thu hut
hp vfio cdng tac eua Dang Cdng san Ddng
DUdng;

2. Ban Chip hfinh Trung Udng lam thdi
ciia Dang Cpng san Ddng Dudng quyet
djnh cac v i n de the thQc ket nap cae thanh
vien cua Tan Viet vao Dang Cpng san;
quyet djnh v i n de phe chuin (dudi sU giam
sat ciia dai di$n Ban Chip hanh Qud'e td
Cpng san) cac td chQc rieng le ciia Viet
Nam Cach mpnh Thanh nien thanh cae td
chQc cua Dang Cpng san;

8. Dang Cpng san Ddng DUdng phai duy
tri lien he ed he thdng vdi Dang Cdng san
Phap, thdng bao cho Trung Udng Dang

Cpng san Phap ve hoat dpng cua minh... Ve
p h i n minh Dang Cpng san Phap phai het
sQc giup dd Dang Cpng san Ddng Dudng;
9. Dang Cpng san Ddng DUdng cung
phai cd lien he vdi cae Dang Cong san anh
em khae, trUdc hdt vdi Dang Cpng san
Trung Qudc va vdi Dang Cpng san An Dp;

3. Chl c6 nhQng td chQc dia phUdng nao
cua Vi§t Nam Cach menh Thanh nien va
cua Tfin Vi$t da hofin tofin thQa nhfin cac
Nghj quydt ciia Ban Chip hanh Qudc te
Cpng san va ciia Qudc te Cpng san thi mdi
dupe cong nhan la cac td chQc cua Dang
Cpng san Ddng Dudng;

10. Vin de cdng nhfin Dang Cpng san
Dong DUdng Ifi ehi bp cua Qudc td Cdng san
vfin dUde de ngo eho den khi nhfin dUdc
thong tin ve tien trinh Dang Cong san
Ddng DUdng thUc hien cac Nghi quyet eua
Ban Chip hanh Qudc td Cpng san (16).

4. Trong t i t ca cac td chQc cd cdng nhan
thi phai dfic each cdng nhan vao cae cap iiy
cua cac td chQc Sey;

Tai lieu thQ ba cua Qudc td Cong san gQi
nhQng ngUdi Cpng san Ddng DUdng, ngay
27-10-1929, vdi nhan de: Vi viec thdnh lap

mdt Ddng Cdng sdn d Ddng DUcfng.

5. Ban Chip hanh Trung Udng lam thdi
ciia Dang Cpng san Ddng Dudng phai Ifip
tQc bat tay vao x u i t ban cd quan ngdn lufin
ciia Trung Udng Dang Cpng san, trUde het
cd quan ngdn luan nay phai cdng bd' va giai
thfch cac Nghj quydt ciia Ban Chip hfinh
Quoc td Cpng san vfi kien quyet diu tranh
chdng mpi khuynh hudng cd hpi chii nghia;
6. Sau khi thanh lap Ban Chap hanh
Trung Udng lam thdi eua Dang Cpng san
Ddng Dudng vfi sau khi Ban chip hfinh

Trong p h i n d i u cua tfii lipu nfiy, Quoc
td Cpng san nhfin dinh: "Sy trudng thfinh
eiia phong trfio each mang b Ddng Dudng,
long cfim thu eiia quin ehung nhan dan
dong dao ddi vdi chu nghia dd qudc Phap,
vfi dfic bipt Ifi sU phat trien cua phong trfio
cdng nhan dpc Ifip va sU ton tai eiia eae td
chQc cpng san trong nUdc, dang tao ra
nhQng dieu kipn ein thiet va sy ein thidt
cap bach la phai td chQc mpt Dang Cpng
san b Ddng DUdng" (17). Qudc td Cpng san


Rghi&n ciiru Lich siir. sg 8.2009
nha'n manh "Cho tdi nay, qua trinh thanh
lap mpt Dang Cpng san la ra't cham so vdi

sU phat trien cua phong trao each mang b
Ddng Dudng"; va, nhiem vu quan trpng hdn
het, tuyet ddi e i n kip ciia t i t ca nhQng
ngUdi Cpng san Ddng DUdng Ifi phai khfie
phuc ngay sU chia re giQa cac nhdm Cpng
san va thanh lap mpt dang cua giai elp vd
san: "Vipe thieu mpt Dang Cpng san duy
nha't trong luc phong trao q u i n ehung cdng
nhan vfi ndng dan ngay eang phat trien, da
trd thanh mpt dieu nguy hiem vd cilng cho
tUdng lai trudc mfit ciia each mang Ddng
Dudng... Nhiem vu quan trpng nha't vfi cap
bach nha't ciia ta't ea nhQng ngUdi cpng san
Ddng Dudng Ifi thfinh lap mpt dang each
mang cd tfnh chat giai d p ciia giai d p vd
san, nghia Ifi mdt Dang Cpng san ed tinh
chat qufin ehung b Ddng Dudng. Dang dd
phai chi cd mpt vfi Ifi td chQc cpng san duy
nha't b Ddng Dudng" (18).
Ve phUdng thQc thfinh Ifip Dang Cdng
san Ddng Dudng, tfii lieu ciia Qud'e td Cpng
san ehi rd: Mot Id, cin phai thanh lap ngay
mpt Ban lien hop gom cd dai bieu ciia t i t ca
cac td chQc thQa nhfin cUdng linh, dieu le
va Nghi quyet ciia Qud'e te Cpng san, trong
dd mpt nQa sd dai bieu phai la nhQng cdng
nhan tieh cUc, lanh tu ciia phong trfio quin
ehung. Ban lien hop nfiy lam nhiem vu eiia
mpt Ban Chap hanh Trung Udng lam thdi
eiia Dang vfi phai chiu sU lanh dao eua mpt

dai bieu Ban C h i p hanh Qud'e td Cpng san;
Hai Id, Dang Cpng san Ddng DUdng phai
dupe thanh lap bfing each tap hdp ta't ca
nhQng p h i n tQ that sy Ifi cpng san cua cac
nhdm cpng san; thanh lap nhQng ehi bp
cpng san trong cac xf nghipp "Khdng ed
nhQng chi bp trong cac xf nghipp cdng
nghiep, nha't la trong cac xf nghiep ldn,
khdng cd nhQng chi bp mfi thUc td se Ifi
nhQng cd quan lien he ciia Dang vdi quIn

ehung cdng nhan, thi Dang Cdng san khdng
the la cpng san vfi Bdnsdvich" (19); Ba Id,
sau khi hoan thfinh cac cdng viec chuin bi,
cin phai trieu tap Dai hpi Dang de cii ra
mpt Ban Chap hfinh Trung Udng thudng
true vfi td chQc thao luan, giai quydt nhQng
v i n de cd ban ciia phong trao each mang
Ddng DUdng; Bd'n Id, Dang Cpng san Ddng
DUdng phai dat quan hp va lien lac vdi cac
Dang Cpng san anh em khae...
Vdi npi dung cua ba tai lieu tren day,
cho tha'y sU quan tam va sU chi dao sat sao
cua Qud'e td Cpng san ddi vdi van de thanh
lap Dang Cpng san b Ddng Dudng. Cae vfin
kien cua Qud'e td Cpng san da the hien
nhan thQc dung dan ciia td chQc nay ve sy
phat trien phong trfio d i u tranh cua cdng
nhan va sU ein thiet thanh lap mpt td chQc
cpng san duy nha't b Ddng DUdng; dong thdi

chl rd phudng thQc de tidn tdi thanh lap
Dang la phai bfit d i u tQ viee xay dUng cac
chi bp trong eae nhfi may, xi nghiep; chi ro
mdi quan hp giQa Dang Cpng san Ddng
DUdng vdi phong trfio cpng san qudc td.
Day Ifi nhQng ehu trUdng vfi sQ ehi dao
dung dfin cua Qud'e td Cpng san. Tuy nhien,
do nhfin thQc chua d i y dii ve dfic diem kinh
td - xa hpi vfi mdi quan he dan tpc, giai d p
b Viet Nam - mot nudq phudng Ddng thupc
dia, nQa phong kidn, do dd quan diem vfi
chl dao eua Qudc td Cdng san tren mpt sd
v i n de chua that sat vdi thue tien each
mang nUde ta luc dd.
Ve Hpi nghi thanh Ifip Dang, cd tai li|u
cho rang "Nhan dUde chi thi cua Qudc td
Cpng san, Nguyen Ai Qudc tripu tap cac d^i
bieu eiia Ddng Dudng Cpng san Dang va
An Nam Cpng san Dang bfin vipe hpp nhit"
(20); mpt tai lieu khae lai viet "Qudc tdepng
san giao cho dong chf Nguyen Ai Quoc chju
trach nhipm thdng n h i t cac lye lupng cpng


Qudc ti cOng sAn v6i qu6 hinh van ddng.
san b Vipt N a m de t h a n h lap mdt d a n g duy
nha't" (21).
Lien q u a n den "tu each" cua Nguyen Ai
Qudc d Hpi nghi t h a n h Ifip D a n g , Vdn kien
Ddng, Todn tap, t a p 2, cd 2 tai lieu de cap

den van de nay:
Mdt, t r o n g Bao eao gQi Qudc t d Cdng s a n
de ngay 18-2-1930, N g u y i n Ai Qudc viet
"Nhfin dUde chi thi cua Qudc te cpng s a n ve
cdng tac d Dong DUdng, tdi tQ gia nude DQc
vfio t h a n g 6 va den Xiem vao t h a n g 71928... Mpt dong chi tQ Hdng Kdng tdi
Xiem va tin cho toi biet t i n h h i n h Hpi An
Nam T h a n h n i e n Cach m a n g bi t a n ra;
nhQng ngUdi each m a n g chia t h a n h n h i e u
phai... Lfip tQc tdi di T r u n g Qud'e, tdi dd vfio
ngfiy 23-12. S a u dd tdi trieu t a p eae dai
bieu cua 2 n h d m (Dong Dudng vfi An N a m ) .
C h u n g tdi hpp vfio n g a y 6-1... Vdi tU each la
phai vien cua Qud'e t d Cpng s a n cd d i y dii
quyen quydt d i n h mpi van de lien q u a n den
phong t r a o each m a n g d Ddng Dudng, tdi
ndi cho hp biet nhQng sai l i m va hp p h a i
Ifim gi. Hp dong y thd'ng nha't vfio mpt
dang.

CHU

C h u n g tdi cung n h a u xac dinh eUdng
linh vfi chidn lUdc theo dUdng ldi cua Qudc
te Cpng s a n " (22).
Hai, trong ldi keu gpi n h a n dip t h a n h lap
Dang, Nguyen Ai Qudc viet: "Nhan ehi thi
cua Qudc te Cpng san giai quyet van de each
m a n g d nUdc ta, tdi da hoan t h a n h nhiem vu
va thfi'y cd trach nhiem phai giii tdi anh chi

em vfi cac ddng chi ldi keu gpi nay" (23).
Qua t u lieu t r e n vfi qua Bdo cdo tdm tdt
Hgi nghi t h a n h lfip D a n g , cho thfi'y N g u y i n
Ai Qudc vdi t u each Ifi dai dien eua Qudc te
Cpng san, da chu dpng trieu t a p va ehu tri
Hpi nghi (gom: n e u ly do cupc Hpi nghi; ehi
dao nhQng npi d u n g cua Hpi nghi; ra ldi
hieu trieu k e u gpi q u i n e h u n g Viet Nam
t h a m gia each mang; du t h a o chfnh cUdng,
sach lUdc va Dieu le D a n g (24).
ThUc te cho tha'y, thfinh cong cua Hpi
nghi hdp nha't cae td chQc cpng san, thfinh
lap D a n g Cpng san Viet N a m gfin lien vdi
cdng lao to ldn cua Nguyen Ai Qudc, ddng
thdi Ifi ket qua eua sQ q u a n t a m , chi dao
c h a t che cua Qud'e t d Cpng san ddi vdi each
m a n g nude ta.

THICH

(1). Triidc d6, trong phong tr^o cong san wk
cong nhan quo'c te da c6 2 to chiic: Quo'c te I - Hoi
lien hiep cong nh&n quo'c te diJdc th^nh ISp n3m
1864. Dieu 1^ tam thdi cua Quo'c te I viet: "Hoi nSy
dadc thinh ISp lA de' lim mot trung tam lien lac vA
hdp tac giOa cac doan the' cong nhan hien dang ton
tai d cac nvtdc khae nhau va theo duoi cdng mgt
mue dfch - tile la bao ve, phat trien vk giai phdng
hodn tokn giai cS'p cong nhan" (C.Mac vk
Ph.Angghen; Tokn tap, t. 16, Nxb. Chinh tri Quoc

gia, Hk Noi, 2004, tr. 25); Quoc te II, dii(?c thinh
Iftp ngky 14-7-1889, vdi sil mang tiep tuc sU
nghidp cua Quoc te I - doin ket giai ca'p cong
nhan. Tuy

nhien, trong qua trinh hoat dong, lanh dao mot so
dang quan trong nha't cua Quoc te II da sa vao chu
nghia cd hoi, phan boi lai ldi ich cila giai ca'p cong
nhan, vi vay Quoc te II bi phan lifit vk bi tan ra.
(2). Ve y nghia ra ddi Quoc te Cpng san, V.I.
Lenin danh gia: "Quoc te III da thiia hudng nhCng
thanh qua hoat dong cila Quoc te II, no da tni bo
khoi Quoc te II bon sau mot til san, cd hoi vk xi
hoi - so vanh vk da bat d£u thuc hien chuyen
chinh vo san" (V.L Lenin: Todn tap, t 38, Nxb.
Tig'n bQ, M, 1977, tr. 363).
Tac gia cuon sach 100 nam ngay Qudc te'Lao ddng


10

Rghi&i cijru Ljch sJr. sg 8.2009

1-5, viet: "L^n diu tien trong lich sil, Quoc te Cong
san da chi ro sU doin ket ta't yeu, lien minh chien
da'u giQa giai cSfp vo san vfi cac dan toe thupc dia
dang ren xiet dUdi ach tho'ng tri thiic dan"
(Nguyin Quoc Hiing - Vu Diidng Ninh - PhOing
Hiiu Phu: 100 ndm ngdy Qudc te Lao dong 1-5,
Nxb. Lao dong, Ha Noi, 1986, tr. 49).

(3). Tiep theo la Dai hpi lin thfl Vll cua Quoc
tS' Cpng san hop tvi ngky 25-7 den ngay 20-8-1935.
TrUdc hoan canh bpn phat - xit dang ta'n cong nen
dan chii tu san, nham thiet lap che do ap bflc tan
b^io va phan dpng nha't, Dai hoi VII da vach ro sU
li^a chpn diing dan cua nhan dan lao dpng cl cac
nfldc tfl ban chii nghia khong phai la gifla each
m^ng vo san va dan chu tfl san ma phai la gifla
dan chii tfl san va chii nghia phat - xi't. Dai hpi
chii trUdng thifi't lap m^t hinh thfle tap hdp Iflc
\\i()ng mdi A6 Ik Mat trdn nhdn d&n, hoat dpng
theo khiu hi$u "da'u tranh cho hok binh"; Sau Dai
h^i Vll, tmdc sy phat triln mdi cua phong trko
cong nhan trong tfliig nude dat ra yeu ciu phai
thay doi hinh thfle to ehflc lien minh cua giai cip
c6ng nhan eho phii hpp, thang 5-1943, Doan Chii
tjch Ban cha'p hanh Quoc t6' Cpng san da thong
qua nghi quyfi't Gidi the Qudc te'Cqng sdn.
(4). Dang C^ng san Vi^t Nam: Vdn ki^n Ddng,
Todn tdp, tdp 1, Nxb. Chfnh tri Quoc gia, Ha N^i,
2002, tr. 572.
(5) Hd Chi Minh, Todn tdp, tap 1, Nxb. Chinh
trj Quoc gia, Ha Npi, 2002, tr. 301-302.
(6). Ho Chi Minh: Todn tap, tap 1, sdd, tr. 301.
(7). Scf thdo tdn thd nhdt nhiing ludn cUcfng vi
vdn di ddn tgc vd thudc dia, de cap nhflng nguyen
tic ciia vi^c giai quyet vin de dan toe va thupc dia;
xic dinh vj trf, vai tro cua eSch mang giai phdng
dfin t$c trong m6i quan h§ vdi each mang v6 san;
nhi^m vy chifi'n Iflpc va sach Iflpc each mang cl eae

nfldc thu$c dia; trach nhi^m cila Quoc t6' Cpng san
trong vi^c giup dd each mang thupc dia...

(8). Khi nfl dong chi Rd-dd (toe k^ ciia Dai h^i
lin thfl XVIII Dang Xa hpi Phap) hoi: "t^ii sao
dong chi lai bo phieu cho D$ tam qu£c t ^ ,
Nguyin Ai Qudc tra ldi: "Ra't ddn gian. Tdi khdng
hieu ehi ndi the nao Ifi chi^n Iflpc, chifo thu^t v6
s i n va nhieu diem khfie. Nhflng tdi hilu r5 m^t
dieu Dd tam qudc te rfi't ehii f dfo vfi'n dl giai
phdng dan tpc thupc dia. D6 tam qu6c t6 ndi s6
giup dd cac dan tpc bj ap bflc gianh l^i ty do vfi d ^
lap eiia hp. Cdn D? nhi quoc t^ khdng h i nhfic din
vfin mang eae thupc dia. Vi vfiy tdi da bo philu tfin
thfinh D§ tam quoc t6'. Tfl do eho dong bfio tdi, d^c
Ifip cho To' quoe tdi, dfi'y Ifi tft't ea nhflng dilu tdi
muon" (Trin Dan Tien, Nhdng mdu chuyen vi ddi
hoat dong cua Hd Chu tich, Nxb. Sfl th^t, Hfi N$i,
1986, tr. 44, 45).
Trong cuon DUcmg cdch m^nh (xufit ban nim
1927), Nguyin Ai Quoc vilt: "Xem trong cfich t6
ehflc De tam qud'e tl, cd dfit ra mOt b§ ri6ng,
chuyen nghien cflu vfi giup dd cho cfich m^nh bfin
a- Ddng.
Xem khiu hi^u D$ tam qudc td, ch&ng nhflng
rang "vd san giai cfi'p" mfi lai thSm cfiu "... vfi dfin
toe bi ap bflc trong t b i gidi hdn hi^p lai".
Xem quy tfic Dg tam qudc td trong 21 dilu, dilu
thfl 8 ndi ring: "Cfic dang c$ng san, nh^t Ifi ding
cdng san Phap... phai h i t sflc giup dfin thu^c d|a

Ifim each m$nh"...
Xem each m^nh Nga giup cho cfich m^nh Tfiu,
Tho Nhi Kj^, Peesia, Mdng Cd.
Lai xem k l hoaeh vl vfi'n ii thxify: dja Ifi ty tay
dng Lenin Ifim ra.
Xem nhflng vi$c fi'y thi dii bilt ring An Nam
muon lam each m^nh thfinh cdng, thi tfit phai nhd
D$ tam qud'e t«" (Ho Chf Mmh, Todn t$p, tfip 2.
Nxb. Chinh trj Qudc gia, Hfi Npi, 2002. tr. 287.)
(9). Theo TS. LS Vfin Y§n: "GiQa nfim 1923,
Nguyin Ai Qudc bl mfit rdi Phfip din Lifin X6. T»i


Qugc tg cgng s i n vdri qu6 hinh vhn dgng...
dfiy, Ngfldi vCfa eong tac d Ban phfldng Ddng vfi
Qudc t l nong dan eua Quoc t l Cpng san, vfla hpc
tap, nghien cflu tai Tnidng Dai hpc phfldng Ddng
cho den cuoi nam 1924. Day Ifi thdi ky Nguyin Ai
Qudc tnidng thfinh vUdt bfic, trd thfinh ngfldi chi^n
si cpng san thuc thu" (TS. LS Vfin Yen: Nguyin Ai
Qudc - Hd Chi Minh trin dUdng sdng ldp Ddng
Cdng sdn Viet Nam, Nxb. Lao Dong, Hfi Npi, 2005,
tr. 63-64).
(10). Theo PGS.TS. Pham Xanh: "Doi vdi Ddng
Dfldng, mpt dia bfin xung yeu cl Ddng Nam A, Qu6c
t^ Cpng san da cd sfl quan tam kha sdm. Trung
tam truyen ba Chii nghia Mac-Lenin b Viin Ddng
sau khi thfinh Ifip da vach k l hoaeh tuyen truyin h
Thupng Hai, Sfii Gdn, Xingapo. Mpt bflc difn dl
ngfiy 26-4-1920 eiia Lanh sfl Phfip tai Vladivdxtdc

cho thiy ro dieu fi'y. Trong bflc di^n dd, Lfinh s\I
Phap dfi bfio cho nhfi dfldng cue Ddng Dfldng bilt
Ifi mdt cd quan lanh dao vi^c tuyen truyin cpng
san da dflde thfinh Ifip tai Hai Sfim Uy, ed quan
nfiy dfl dinh se to ehflc cac trung tam tuyen truyin
t?ii Thupng Hai, Sfii Gdn vfi Tan Gia Ba , ngfiy 811-1920 cfic nhfi ehflc trfich Nam Ky da gfli mpt
ban thong tri bao eho cae dia phUdng bilt ring hai
ngfldi Nga, dang vien cpng san, dSn Sfii Gdn ho^t
dpng da bj tryc xufi't" (PGS.TS. Pham Xanh;
Nguyin Ai Qudc v&i viec truyin bd chd nghia MdcLenin vdo Viet Nam (1921-1930), Nxb. Chinh trj
Qudc gia, Hfi Npi, 2001, tr. 65).
(11). Theo Ho To Lfldng: "Dang Cpng san Phfip
da in vfi gui sang ViSt Nam hfing nghin ban nhflng
tfic phim ciia cac nhfi sang Ifip chii nghia MficLfinin nhu 'Tuyen ngdn cua Dang Cpng san", 'lAm gi".

11
"Hai sach Ifldc cua Dang dfin chu - xa hdi trong
cfich m^ng dfin chu", "B§nh fiu tri" "ta khuynh"
trong phong trao cdng san"
vfi eae bao Nhan
dao, Ngfldi cflng kho, cac van kifn cila Qu6c t l
Cpng san" (Ho To Lfldng: Tdc ddng tich cUc cda
Qudc te Cdng sdn ddi vdi cdch mang Viet Nam,
NghiSn cflu 1^ lufin, so'3, thang 3-1999, tr. 8).
(12). PGS.TS. Pham Xanh: Nguyen Ai Qudc vdi
viic truyin ba chu nghia Mdc-Lenin vdo Viet Nam
(1921-1930), sdd, tr. 86.
(13). Xem th6m, Trin Giang: Vi bde thU cda
QTCS gdi nhiing ngudi cdng sdn d Dong Diictng 2710-1929, Tap chf LJCA sdDdng, so 3, 1992, tr. 49.
(14), (15), (16), (17), (18), (19). Dang Cpng san

Vift Nam: Vdn kien Ddng, Todn tdp, tfip 1, Nxb
Chinh trj quie gia, Hfi Npi, 2002, tr. 594, 602-603,
608-61.1, 614. 614, 617.
(20). B$ Gifio dye vfi Dfio t^o, Lich sd Ddng
Cdng sdn Viet Nam. Nxb. Gifio d\fc, Hfi Npi, 2002,
tr. 31; H^i ddng Trung Udng chi d^io bifin so^n
Gifio trinh Qudc gia cfic bO mdn khoa hpe MfieLfinin, tfl tudng Ho Chl Minh, Gido trinh Lich sil
Ddng Cdng sdn Vi^t Nam, Nxb. Chinh trj Qud'e
gia, Hfi Ndi, 2001, tr. 45.
(21). B^ Dai hpc, Trung hpc chuySn nghiep vfi
day nghi, Lich sdDdng C^ng sdn Viit Nam, tfip 1,
Nxb. D^i hpe vfi Gifio due chuyen nghiep, Hfi NOi,
1988, tr. 48.
(22), (23), (24). Dang Cdng san Vi^t Nam: Vdn
kiin Ddng, Todn tdp, tfip 2, Nxb. Chinh tri Qulc
gia, Hfi N^i, 2002, tr. 18-20, 14. 10-12.