PHO BIEN KHOA HOC VA CONG NGHE
cAu OANH C\A euNO
vi GidNG CA CHIM mANG Ni/CfC NGOT
•23.
NGUYEN HUNG
Sd' 4, ngd 452, dUdng Le Dudn, Hd Ndi
a Chim trang nrfdc ngpt
ten khoa hpc la Clossoma
brachypomum cd ngudn
gdc tff sdng Amazon, Nam My.
Do cd mot sd rfu diem la an tap,
Idn nhanh, chiu ndng dp oxy
t h a p n e n da drfdc n h a p vao
nudi d Trung Qud'c, T h i i Lan,
Dai Loan tff n a m 1985. N a m
1997, Cdng ty Vat trf Ca gid'ng
Trung rfdng (Bd Thuy san) da
n h a p ca Chim t r i n g trf Trung
Qud'c ve nudi thff t a i Trai ca
Sdng Ciu. Sau dd qua con
drfdng tieu ngach, nhieu tinh
da n h a p ca bpt, ca hrfdng
Chim t r a n g ve nudi t h a y ca
p h a t trien td't, ca thit Chim
t r a n g xuat hien ngay cang
nhieu t r e n thi trrfdng ndi dia.
Tuy n h i e n den nay chrfa cd
cdng trinh nghien crfu nao ve
ca Chim t r i n g nudi tai Viet
Nam drfdc cdng bd', cung chrfa
cd quy t r i n h ky t h u a t chinh
thrfc. Ngrfdi nudi ca cd nhieu
n h a n xet khac nhau ve gieng
ca nay. Cd ngrfdi e ngai vi day
la gid'ng ca drf, a n nhieu, a n
tap, thien ve a n thrfc a n dpng
vat nen canh t r a n h va gay hai
cho cic loai ca khac. Cd ngrfdi
ca ngdi sffc chd'ng chiu mdi
trrfdng nrfdc ban va td'c dp Idn
n h a n h ma cho r a n g day la
gid'ng ca td't. Qua 5 vu theo ddi
ndng dan nudi c i Chim t r a n g
t r e n dia b a n tinh Bac Ninh
chdng tdi xin cd mdt sd' y kien
trao ddi nhrf sau:
C
Ca Chim t r a n g sd'ng va
p h a t t r i e n td't d t a t ca cac
vung nrfdc trong t i n h B i c
Ninh. Dp pH cua nrfdc trf 5 - 8,
h a m Irfdng oxy trong nrfdc
t h a p den 2 mg/1 c i v i n sd'ng.
Chung tdi da theo ddi t h i y
trong ao nudi ghep thieu oxy
cac loai ca khac chet h e t
nhrfng ca chim khdng chet. Cd
the nudi loai ca nay d cac vrfc
cd pha nrfdc thai sinh hoat ven
thi t r i n , thi xa.
Ca Chim t r i n g cd td'c dp
Idn k h a n h a n h . Thdi ky trf ca
mdi nd (ca bdt) rfdng len c i
hrfdng sau 30 ngay d m a t dp
100 con/m^ c i dat chieu dai 3
- 3,5 cm, trpng Irfdng c i the
trung binh 0,8 gam/con. N a n g
s u i t ca hrfdng d a t 500
kg/ha/30 ngay. Ty le sd'ng tff
ca bdt len c i hrfdng dat 52%.
Thdi ky tff ca hrfdng (3 - 4 cm)
rfdng t h a n h ca gid'ng, m a t dp
rfdng 15 con/m^, sau 45 ngay
ca d a t t r p n g Irfdng ca t h e
trung binh 25 gam/con. N a n g
s u i t rfdng gid'ng d a t
3
tan/ha/45 ngay. Ty le sd'ng trf
c i hrfdng len ca gid'ng d a t
80%. Dd'i vdi ca thit, neu nudi
ghep 5 - 7% ca Chim t r a n g
trong c i c ao nudi chung vdi
cic loai ca k h i c , ty le sdng cua
ca Chim t r a n g la 100%, vdi
td'c dp Idn la 1,2 - 1,5 kg sau 6
t h i n g nudi. Neu nudi rieng ca
Chim t r i n g vdi m a t dp 2
con/m^, cd gidng t h a 4 cm, cho
a n thrfc a n cdng nghiep, ty le
sd'ng d a t 70%, trpng Irfdng
binh quan khi thu hoach la 0,8
kg/con. N a n g s u i t ca thit dat
11 tan/ha/10 t h i n g . C i nudi 2
n a m dat 3 - 4 kg, c i 3 tudi cd
con n a n g 5 kg.
Ca Chim t r i n g a n t a p va
p h a m a n . Chung cd bd r a n g
cffa r a t cffng va sac n e n nhieu
ngrfdi l a m dd la loai ca dff,
nhrfng thrfc c h a t lai h i e n
l a n h , c h a m c h a p . Mdt so'
ngrfdi nudi da de l i n chdng
sang ao ca gid'ng Me, Trdi,
T r a m nhrfng k h d n g t h a y
chung a n ca con. Ca Chim
t r a n g a n cac loai phu du sinh
vat, c i c loai h a t ngu cdc, cac
loai rau cu qua, chdng a n ca
l i bi, la mrfdp, x i c ddng v a t
chet, cac loai phe p h a m cua
Id md... Khi nudi cdng nghiep
vdi m a t dp cao chung a n thffc
a n che b i e n la chinh. Trong
cac ao nudi g h e p cd h i e n
trfdng ca Chim t r a n g thieu a n
n e n g a m v a y dudi ca Me,
Trdi, T r a m , nhrfng n e u nudi
ghep ca Chim t r a n g vdi ca Rd
phi ddn tinh thi khdng cd t i n h
t r a n g nay. Mffc tieu ton thffc
a n khi nudi b a n g thffc a n vien
la 1,8 - 2 kg thffc a n / 1 kg ca
thit, trfdng drfdng vdi mffc tieu
ton thffc a n cua ca Rd phi.
Ca Chim t r a n g k e m chiu
l a n h . C h u n g sd'ng va sinh
trrfdng td't khi n h i e t dp nrfdc
25 - 32°C nhrfng lai ngrfng a n
khi n h i e t dp nrfdc xud'ng drfdi
15°C va chet nhieu k h i n h i e t
dp nrfdc t h a p drfdi 10°C.
Ca Chim t r i n g It b e n h t a t
vao m u a h e , nhrfng vao m u a
ddng chung thrfdng n h i e m cac
Idai n a m , t r u n g qua drfa,
t r u n g b a n h xe, s i n la... vdi
crfdng dp va ty le cam n h i e m
cao, gay c h e t c i gid'ng h a n g
loat. Vi vay, mud'n giff ca qua
ddng phai chd'ng l a n h k e t hdp
vdi phdng b e n h cho ca.
THONG TIN KHOA HQC & CONG NGHE - SO 4/2010