Tilu ban: C 6 N G NGHE SINH HOC Bi£N VA MOI TRLffirNG

501_

SO SANH HIEU QUA HAP THU CAC YEU TO DINH D U ' O N G CUA
RONG SVN {Kapaphycus alvarezii Doty) VA RONG G U Q T CHUM
(Caulerpa racemosa C. Ag.)
TRONG VUNG NUOI HAI SAN T A P TRUNG TAI CAT BA
Dam Dure Tien, Pham Van Lugng
Vi^n Tdi nguyen vd Moi truang bien, Vien Khoa hpc vd Cong nghe Viet Nam

I. MO DAU
Rong Gugt (Caulerpa microphysa (Forsk.) C. Ag.) va rong Syn (Kapaphycus alvarezii
(Doty) Doty) li nhirng loai thyc vat bac thap s6ng trong m6i trudng nude bien. Cung nhu tat ci
eac loai thyc vat khic, thdng qua qui trinh quang hgp, khi CO2 va cic chat dinh dudng trong
nude bien dugc rong Syn vi rong Gugt hip thy de t6ng hgp thanh cic hgp chat hiru co.
Trudc kia, phan Idn vimg bien thugc quan dao Cat Bi deu cd rong bien phan b6 (trong d6
c6 rong Gugt) vdi difn tich rgng, sinh kh6i Idn. Con rong Syn la loii dugc di nhap tir cic tinh
mien Trung va frong thu ngh if m tai mgt s6 vimg bien thugc quan dio Cit Ba. Hifn tai, phan Idn
difn tich vimg bien Cat Ba hau nhu kh6ng con rong bien.
Vifc su dyng rong Syn va rong Gugt de hap thu cic chat dinh dudngfrongm6i trudng nu6i hai
sin tap trung da cd mgt s6 tie gii quan tam den [2,3,4] nhung day li nghien cuu dau tien tai viing
bien Cit Ba, gop phan lam sach m6i trudng nude bien va din lay lai sy can bang cho thuy vyc.
Bai bio gidi thifu khi nang va hifu qui hap thu cic yeu to dinh dudng ciia rong Syn
(Kapaphycus alvarezii (Doty) Doty) va rong Gugt (Caulerpa racemosa (Forsk.) C. Ag.) tai vimg
nu6i hii sin tap trung thugc viing bien Cit Ba.
II. TAI LIEU VA PinrONG PHAP
1. Tai lieu
Tii lifu dugc sir dyng trong bai bio li ket qui nghien ciru thyc nghifm cua Dy in: "Thyc
nghifm xir ly nude thai bang thyc vat thiiy sinh" ciia Lien hifp cic Hgi Khoa hgc vi Ky thuat
Vift Nam t^i khu vyc Vyng Tai Keo, thugc quin dio Cit Ba, Hii Phong (So d6 Hinh 1).

2. Phuong phap
Vifc nghien cim dya fren phuong phip dinh gii djnh lugng kha nang hap thu cic hgp dinh
dudng frong nude biln d vimg nudi bii san tap trung. Cic 16 thi nghifm vi 16 d6i chimg dugc tiiyc
hifn frong cimg dieu kifn d ngoai hifn trudng. L6 thi nghifm va 16 doi chiing dugc bo tri frong cic
be kinh (dai 1,2m, rgng 0,5m vi sau 0,8m), chira 400 lit nude bien ty nhien, lay tai noi thi nghifm.
Mat do rong frong cic 16 thi nghifm la khoing 3,5kg rong tuoi/m^. Ngu6n rong dimg cho thi nghifm
dugc layfrongcic ang d gan cic be nu6i hii sin va nu6ifrongcic long thi nghif rti.
Cic thi nghiem dugc tien hinh vao cic thing 8, 10 (thdi ky viing nudi thudng cd djch bfnh)
va thing 12 (bit diu vao miia d6ng, rong Gugt thudng phat frien kem), nam 2007.


502

Tuyen t|p HQi nghj KHOA HQC T O A N Q U O C V £ SINH HQC BifeN vA P H A T T R I ^ N BfeN VCTNG

Cic mau nude dugc thu tai noi dat thi nghifm, phan tich tai Phong thi nghifm ciia Vifn Tai
nguyen va M6i trudng biln theo Standard Methods.^ [5] Cic 16 thi nghifm ky hifu la T va cic 16
doi chiing ky hifu li D. Vifc do dac va liy mau de xic djnh mgt so th6ng s6 chit lugng nude.
dugc thyc hifn vao cic khoing thdi gian 0 gid, 6 gid, 12 gid, 18 gid, vi 24 gid, tinh tii khi bit
dau thi nghifm.
Cic tieu chuin so sinh dya theo cic tieu chuan ciia Vift Nam va the gidi. [1,6,7,8,9,10]
HiNH 1. f>|A BtiU THMC N C H ^

•i^^M^^ir^ii^Z'jM

Sv dd dja diem nghien ciru

m . KET QUA NGHIEN c u t r
1. Su bien doi nong do mot so yeu to dinh dudng trong ngay
Mau nude dugc thu tai tai hifn trudng frong dieu kifn nhu nhau (cho ci 16 thi nghifm vai

rong Sun va rong Gugt). Nong do cac chat dinh dudng trong cic 6 thi nghiem vdi rong Sun va
rong Gugt sau timg 6 gid thi nghifm (dai nhat la sau 24 gid) cd the thay dugc qua bing 1.


503

Tieu ban: CONG NGHE SINH HOC B | £ N V A MOI TRLPONG

Bang 1. K§t qua phan tich mgt sd chat dinh dipdng thang 8 (a), thing 10 (b) va thang 12 (c)
Ky hifu
mlu

NOa' -N

NOz" -N

NH/-N

P04^-P

To

192

17

/199

46


1b

To

108

17

96

44

1c

To
Ti

140

22

147

48

172/172

13/14

126166


35/40

Bl

200/200

18/18

197/197

48/48

Tl

83/76
107/97

13/15

62/56

32/35

17/16

95/94

.. 46/46


Ti
Oi

139/132

20/18

144/135

46/44

129/129

22/22

162/162

49/49

T2

160/155

12/12

98/153

28/30

fi2


184/164

17/19

190/190

42/42

TT
1a

T h d i gian
Bat dSu thi n g h i f m

2a
Sau 6 g i d

2b

Bi
2c
3a
Sau 12 g i d

3b
3c
4a

Sau 18 g i d


4b
4c
5a

Sau 24 g i d

5b
5c

N6ng dg cac chSt dinh d u d n g ()ig/l)

T2

70/63

9/11

31/45

27/29

D2

101/91

16/16

97/97


46/46
43/41

T2

135/120

16/17

141/132

D2

115/115

19/24

128/128

3939

T3

167/139

11,9/9,0

121/150

31/25


03

161/140

10,7/21

187/179

T3

59/61

8,5/10

30/34

30/39
26/24

D3

101/90

16/16

97/96

46/44


T3

100/108

13/16

90/93

31/36

D3

129/129

24/24

169/169

45/45
22/18

T4

158/123

10/7,5

100/141

D4


190/137

16,21

190/176

39/38

T4

68/52

9/9,5

29/29

26/21

04

99/89

45/41

98/98
122/122

16/16
15/15


95/93

T4

70/77

24/24

26/26

154/154

42/42

©4

- Ghi chii: a- thing 8; b- thing 10 va c- thing 12. Tu s6: rong Syn va mau s6: rong Gugt
2. Hieu qua hap thu ciia rong Sun va rong Guot
Tir kit qui tai bang 1, chiing ta tinh dugc hifu qua hap thu cic chat dinh dudng cua rong
Syn vi rong Gugt sau thdi gian 6 gid/ lan va 24 gid (bing 2).
Bang 2. Hl$u qud h i p thu cac chit dinh du'd'ng ciia rong Si^n va rong Gugt
Thing

H i f u s u i t h i p phy (%) sau 24 g i d (^g/l)
NO3-N

N02" -N

NH/-N


Th^ng 8

17,7/35,8

41,1/55,8

49,7/29,1

P04'"-P
52,2/60,7

Th^ng 10

37,0/51,8

50/44,1

69,7/69,8

40,9/52,2

Thang 12

30,0/30,0

31,8/31,8

52,3/47,5


50,0/50,0

Tnjng binh

28,2/39,2

40,9/43,9

57,2/48,8

47,7/54,3

Ghi chii: a- thing 8; b- thing 10 va c- thing 12. Tir s6: rong Syn va mau so: rong Gugt


504

Tuyln tip H$i nghj KHOA HQC T O A N Q U Q C V t SINH HQC BI^N VA PHAT T R | £ N B £ N VCTNG

Ket qui tai bang 2 cho thay, doi vdi rong Sun, nong do NO3' giim tir 17,7% (thing 8) den
50,0% (tiling 10), frung binh la 28,2%. Tuong ty, NOj' li 31,8% (thing 12) den 50,0% (tiling
10), trung binh 40,9%; vdi NR,"" li 49,71% (thing 8) din 69,7% (thing 10), tinng binh: 57,2%;
vdi P04^" li 40,9% (thing 10) den 52,2% (tiling 8), tiling binh 47,7%).
Doi vdi rong Gugt, kit quiNOs' giim tir 30% (thing 12) din 51,8% (thing 10), trung binh
la 39,2%. Tuong ty, N02' la 31,8% (thing 12) din 55,8% (thing 8), frung binh 43,9%; vdi NH,"^
la 29,1% (thing 8) din 69,8% (thing 10), frung binh: 48,8%; vi P04^" la 50% (thing 12) din
60,7% (thing 8), frung binh 54,3%).
Tir cic ket qui fren, chiing ta cd the so sinh hifu qui hap thu cac chat dinh dudng cua hai
loai rong nhu sau:
- Gii trj hip thu trung binh (sau 24 gid thi nghifm) cic yeu td dinh dudng frong ci ba dgt

thi nghifm dao dgng trong khoing 33,7mg vdi (NO3" -N) den 53mg vdi (NH4'^ -N) vi trung
binh dat 44,4mg (hinh 1 a).

70

a Rong Sun
• Rong GuOt
n Trung binh

NO3"
-N NOz- -N NH/
-N POr - - P
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
(mg/l)

Hinh l a . Gia trj h i p thu trung binh cac c h i t dinh du'ang sau 24 gid thi nghifm

- Tdng gii frj hap thy tit ci cic chat dinh dudng (sau 24 gid) eua hai loii dao dgng trong
khoing 40,4 mg (thing 12) den 44,9 mg(thing 10 vi trung binh dat 42,7 mg (hinh 2a).

60
50
40

a ThSng 8

30


• Thdng 10
OThSng 12

20
10
0
Rong Syn

Rong Gupt

Trung binh

Hinh 2a. Gia trj h i p thy cac chit dinh du-dng chung cua hai loai rong tai cac thang
khac nhau


505

Tieu ban: C 6 N G NGHE SINH HOC BI^N VA M 6 | TRtrC/NG

3. So sanh hieu qua hap thu cac chat ding dudng ciia rong Siin vk rong Guot
Hifu qui hap thu frung binh cic chat dinh dudng ciia rong Syn la 38.9mg/ ngay dem
(45,3%) thip hon rong Gugt 46,7mg/ngay den (54,1%) (hinh 3a).
60
50
40
• Rong Syn
B Rong Gupt

30

20
10
0
Thang 8

Thang 10

Thang 12

Trung binh

Hinh 3a. Hieu qua h i p thu cac chit dinh du'd'ng trung binh cua hai loai rong

TV. KET LUAN
1. Kha nang hap thu trung binh cua rong Syn vdi timg chat dinh dudng sau 24 gid la: NO3":
28,2%; NO2": 40,9%; NH4^; 57,2% va P04^": 47,7%. Tuong ty, vdi rong Gugt la: NO3": 39,2%;
NO2": 43,9%; NH4^ 48,8% vi P04^': 54,3%.
2. Gii frj hap thu trung binh frong ci ba dgt thi nghifm dao dgng frong khoing 33,7mg/
ngiy dem CNO3" -N) den 53mg/ ngiy dem (NH4'" -N) va trung binh dat 44,4mg/ ngiy dem.
3. T6ng gii frj hip thy (sau 24 gid) eiia ca hai loii dao dgng frong khoing 40,4mg (thing
12) den 44,9mg (thing 10) va trung binh dat 42,7mg.
4. Gii frj hap thu trung binh cic chit dinh dudng cua rong Syn la 43,5mg/ ngiy dem
(48,2%) thip hon rong Gugt 46,5mg/ngiy den (51,8%).
V. TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1.
2.
3.

4.


5.

6.

Bg Khoa hge Cdng nghf va M6i trudng, 1995. Cic tieu chuin Nhi nude Vift Nam vl Mdi
trudng. Tap I: Chit lugng nude. Nxb Khoa hgc va Ky thuat. Ha Ngi.
Pham Van Huyen, 2004. Ket qui nghien cuu sir dyng rong syn dl xii ly d nhiem uru dudng
frong ao nu6i t6m. Bdo cao tai Dien dan KHCN - SUMA, Bp Thuy san.
Pham Van Lugng, Dio Viet Tic, Dam Dure Tiln, 2007. Khi nang lim sach nude biln cua
rong Syn (Kappaphycus alvarezii (Doty) Doty). Hgi nghi Khoa hgc Cdng nghf M6i trudng
lin thii nhat. Dai hgc Hing hai Vift Nam.
Phan Trung Quy, Ngd Kim Djnh, 2007. C6ng nghf xir ly nude d nhiem do nu6i fr6ng thuy
sin bang rong Syn (Kappaphycus alvarezii (Doty) Doty). Hgi nghj Khoa hgc Cong nghf
M6i trudng Ian thii nhit. Dai hgc Hang hii Vift Nam.
Andrew D. Eaton, LenoseS. Clesceri, Arnold E. Greenberg, 1995. Standard Methos for the
Examination of water and waste water. (19 th Edition). American Public Healtii
Association, Washington DC.
APHA - AWWA - WPCF, 2005. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and


506

Tuyln t|ip HQi nghj KHOA HQC T O A N Q U O C V £ SINH HQC BifeN VA P H A T TRifeN B £ N VCTNG

Westewater, 19* ed, 1995. Washington.
7. ASEAN - Canada Cooperative Programme on Marine Science, 1996. ASEAN Marine
Environmental Management: Quality Criteria and Monitoring for Aquatic Life and Human
Health Protection. Penang, Malaysia, June 24 - 28, 1996.
8. ASEAN - Canada Cooperative Programme on Marine science, 1997. ASEAN Marine
Invironmental Management (Quality Criteria and Monitoring for Aquatic Life and Human

Helth Protection) EVS Invironment Consultants Ltd., North Vancouver and Department of
Fisheries Malaysia, 1997.
9. ASEAN - Canada Cooperative Programme on Marine Science (ACCPMS-II), 1998.
Technical Session I: Environmental Criteria - Development and Application. Proceeding of
the Fourth ASEAN - Canada Technical Conference on Marine Science, Langkawi,
Malaysia, October 26 - 30, 1998: Toward Sustainable Development Integrated
Management of the Marine Environment in ASEAN.
10. ASEAN - Canada Cooperative Programme on Marine science, 1997. ASEAN Marine
Invfronmental Management (Quality Criteria and Monitoring for Aquatic Life and Human
Helth Protection) EVS Invironment Consultants Ltd., North Vancouver and Department of
Fisheries Malaysia.
, •"
THE COMPARE ON THE EFFECT OF THE ABSORPTION NUTRITION
ELEMENTS AT THE CONCENTRALED SEAFOOD AREAS OF of Kapaphycus
alvarezii (Doty) Doty AND Cdulerpa racemosa (Forsk.) C. Ag. AT THE CAT BA
ISLANDS
Dam Due Tien, Pham Van Luong
SUMMARY
Kapaphycus alvarezii (Doty) Doty AND Caulerpa racemosa (Forsk.) C. Ag. are classified
as the lower plan on marine water. It holds similar characteristics with other plant through the
photosynthetic procedure to absorb the water, CO2 and nutrient and produce organic matters.
Besides, Kapaphycus alvarezii and Caulerpa racemosa species can absorbs nutrition elements,
maintains the marine water environment become cleaner.
The study on using some marine algae species in Cat Ba marine areas for absorption of the
nitrition elements in marine water at the cultivation sites of the concenfrated mariculture areas
that hope to contribute for improvement of the marine water environment approatching
sustainable farming and enhancement of the local livelihoods.
The results came out from experiment in 2007 showed that, the nutritional absorption
efficiency of Kapaphycus alvarezii for each nutrition elements (after twenty fours hours) can be
resumed as following: NO3 ": 28.2%; NOz': 40.9%; NEL,^: 57.2% and P04^': 47.7%. For

Caulerpa racemosa: NO3": 39.2%; NOj': 43.9%; NH4^: 48.8 % and P04^": 54.3%. The average
value of the absorption for total nutrition elements on three tests are changing from 33.7mg
(NO3" -N) to 53.0mg (NH4"' -N) and average value is 44.4mg (after twenty fours hours). The
total of the absorption efficiency for nutrition elements (after twenty fours hours) is changing
40.4mg (December) to 44.9mg (October) and average value is 42.7mg. The average absorption
efficiency for nutrition elements after twenty fours hours of Kapaphycus alvarezii is 43.5mg
(48.2%.), lower value than Caulerpa racemosa: 46.5mg (51.8%))