Religion in the UK

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Guider teacher : LÊ THÁI BẢO

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I/ What Christians believe

<sub>I/ What Christians believe</sub>

Introduce about Jesus Christ

II/Religion in Britain

1.Catholicsm

2.Protestantism

III/ The church of England

IV/ The church of Scotland

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I/What Christians believe

The United Kingdom is a Christian country. For all

Christians the Bible is in two parts:

The Old

<sub>The Old </sub>

Testament

(Kinh Cựu ước ),

which tells the story

of the creation of the world and the early

history of the Jewish people; and

The New

<sub>The New </sub>

Testament

(Kinh tân ước),

which tells the story of

Jesus Christ and the early Christian church. The

most important part of the Bible for Christian

are four books in New Testament that tell the

story of Jesus. These books are called Mathew,

Mark, Luke and John.

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The word Christian comes from the word Christ, the name given

to Jesus meaning Son of God. Christian are so called because

they believe Jesus is the Son of God. Christians believe in one

God, but he is made up of three different identities; God the

Father, God the Son (or Jesus) and God the Holy Spirit. The

idea of these three identities in one God is called The

idea of these three identities in one God is called The Trinity <sub>Trinity </sub>

(Chúa 3 ngôi),

(Chúa 3 ngôi), and central to Christian belief. and central to Christian belief.

The purpose of life, for a Christian, is to trust in, and believe in

God, to help people around them, and to bring people closer to

God by setting a good example in their own life and behavior:

If you live a good life and if you serve God well, Christians

believe that you will go to Heaven when you die , and will live

there with God forever. If you have not been good, and have

not obeyed the word of God (the Bible), most Christians believe

that you will go to Hell, Satan , also called The Devil, is God’s

great enemy. Christians believe that the Devil wants to

great enemy. Christians believe that the Devil wants to corrupt<sub>corrupt</sub>

(đồi bại, mua chuộc)

(đồi bại, mua chuộc) us, and take us away from God, and take us, and take us away from God, and take
us to Hell, his home, when we die. The most common idea of

us to Hell, his home, when we die. The most common idea of

Hell is a place full of fire, where you will spend

Hell is a place full of fire, where you will spend eternity <sub>eternity </sub>(cõi (cõi
vĩnh hằng)

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Who is he?

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At the heart of the Christian religion is Jesus and his

teachings. His life story is central, and most festivals in

Christian countries celebrate some event in his life.

Christian believe that Jesus was born to a virgin mother,

Mary, whom God chose to be mother of his son because of

her great

her great purity<sub>purity</sub> (trong trăng, thuần khiết)(trong trăng, thuần khiết) and Goodness. and Goodness.
He was born in a

He was born in a stablestable (chuồng ngựa)(chuồng ngựa) In Israel In Israel
surrounded by Animals and was visited by

surrounded by Animals and was visited by Shepherds <sub>Shepherds </sub>

(người chăn cừu – cha xứ),

(người chăn cừu – cha xứ), and by Philosophers who and by Philosophers who

recognized him as the Son of God. His birth is celebrated

at Christmas.

When Jesus was 30, he began to preach. His teachings are in

many ways similar to those Buddha.

He taught that we should love each other, forgive each other,

and live together in peace. The Bible says he also cured

the sick and the mad, and even raised the dead. Many

people liked his words and followed him, believing that he

was the Son of God. Those people, who believed in him,

he baptizedbaptized (rửa tội)(rửa tội) but submerging them in water, and but submerging them in water, and
thus symbolically washing their

thus symbolically washing their sins<sub>sins</sub> (tội ác)(tội ác) away. All away. All
Christians still have some sort of baptism ritual now.

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According to the Bible, after some years of teaching, the leaders

of the Jewish church grew angry with Jesus and his influence.

They didn’t believe he was the Son of God. They arranged for

him to be arrested and killed. One of his closest followers,

Judas,

Judas, betrayed betrayed (tiết lộ)(tiết lộ) Jesus to the Roman authorities by Jesus to the Roman authorities by
kissing him.

kissing him.

The Bible says that the night before Jesus died, he had super

with his twelve close followers. He knew he would die, so he

gave his followers bread and said “ This is my body – eat it”.

He gave them wine and he said “ This is my blood – drink it”.

He meant that they should make him part of themselves and

spread his message after he was gone. This image is

extremely important to Christians, and all celebrate a service

where they eat bread and drink wine in memory of Jesus.

This

This ceremony<sub>ceremony</sub> ( nghi lễ)( nghi lễ) is called Mass or is called Mass or Communion <sub>Communion </sub>(lễ ban (lễ ban
thánh thể)

thánh thể).. The word Christmas is a combination of the word The word Christmas is a combination of the word
Christ and the word Mass.

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Jesus was tried, and condemned to die on a cross, or crucified

(thánh giá). His crucifixion is one of the most powerful images
in Christianity. Christians believe that Jesus died on Friday

night, was in the grave on Saturday, and on Easter Sunday .
He rose from the dead. This weekend is celebrated at Easter
because Jesus came back from the dead on Sunday, most
Christians go to church on this day. Christians believe that
after rising from the dead, he returned to his father in

Heaven, leaving men earth to spread his message.

The death and resurrection (sự phục sinh) of Jesus is the most
important part of the story for Christians, because they

believe that man is born sinful, and punishment for sin is

death, so the only way they can pay for their sins is by dying.
However they believe that Jesus came to earth to die for the sins

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<b>The last day Jesus have dinner with 12 closer followers</b>

<b>Easter celebrate</b>

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<b>II/ Religion in Britain</b>

The roman brought

Christianity to Britain in the

form Roman Catholicism,

and until the 16

century

and Henry VIII, everyone

in Britain was a catholic.

<b>1. CATHOLICSM</b>

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The Catholics believe, as Christians do in the Trinity

( God the Father, God the Son, God the Holy Spirit).

They believe in Jesus Christ, Heaven and Hell. They

also believe there is divine hierarchy. At the top is God

, at the bottom, ordinary people. Amongst Christians,

only the Catholics believe in this of merit.

<b>Divine </b>

(chúa trời, Thần thánh)

God the Father
Jesus, his son
The Holy spirit
Mary Mother of God

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<b>Human</b>

The Pope (giáo hoàng)

( An infallible human. He cannot make mistakes)

Archbishops (Tổng giám mục)

Bishops (Giám mục)

Priests (Linh mục)

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Catholics pray to God and Jesus, or they pray to Mary

and saints to talk to God for them. The people is at

the top of the human hierarchy. He is the spiritual

leader and very close to God. Everything he says

about religion is given him by God, and he cannot be

wrong.

Ordinary people have direct contact with their Priest,

who is closer to God than they are. He must be

unmarried so that he can devote himself to God and

to the ordinary people works with. If they sin, they

must go to

Confession

(xưng tội)

and tell the Priest

what they have done . The priest can get forgiveness

for them from God, and will give them a

penance

(ăn

năn),

something they must do, a particular prayer,

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Catholics also believe there is a place between Heaven and
Hell, called Purgatory (Nơi chuộc tội). If you are wicked,
you will go straight to Hell, and if you are very good, you
will go straight to Heaven, but most people go to Purgatory
where they spend time praying for their sins before they
are allowed to go to Heaven. Catholics can pray for the
souls of people in Purgatory, to make their time easier.
The Catholics Church is strongly against abortion (phá thai)

and contraception (ngừa thai), thinking that the use of
either is a sin, as it goes against God’s purpose of giving
Life. They encourage their members to have big families,
and to bring them up to be good Catholics. In Britain, if
you meet someone from a big family, they are usually
Catholics.

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In Britain now about 10% the

population is Catholic, though in
towns such as Liverpool and

Glasgow, where there have been a
lot of Irish immigrants, this is

higher. The Republic of Ireland is
still very strongly catholic. This
religions difference between the
two countries has caused many
problems in the past, and

continues to do in Northern

Ireland, where the Catholics want
to be part of the Republic of

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2. Protestantism

(Đạo tin Lành)

<b>Protestantism is one of the major groupings within Christianity. It is a </b>

movement that began in Germany in the early 16th century as a reaction
against medieval Roman Catholic doctrines and practices, especially in
regards to salvation (sự cứu rỗi linh hồn), justification (biện hộ), and
ecclesiology.

The doctrines of the various Protestant denominations vary, but most include
justification by grace through faith alone, known as Soda Fide, the

priesthood of all believers, and the Bible as the ultimate authority in

matters of faith and order, known as soda Scripture, which is Latin for "by

scripture alone".

In the 16th century, the followers of Martin Luther established the

evangelical (Lutheran) churches of Germany and Scandinavia. Reformed
churches in Switzerland and France were established by John Calvin and
other reformers such as Huldrych Zwingli.

There are now many different Protestant religions, but they all came from the
same ideas. In the 16th century, in Germany, a Catholics monk called

Martin Luther began to question what Catholics believed that wasn’t in his
bible. The Catholics Church at this time was very corrupt with ((ngu dốt)

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All Protestants reject the following ideas:

– The importance of Mary and the saints

– The Pope

– The idea of hierarchy
– Confession and penance
– Purgatory

Protestants don’t believe in a hierarchy. They believe that God
and the Trinity is above all mankind, and all men are equal in
the eyes of God. A priest is the same as everybody else; he
simply has special training to help him teach others. Mary and
the saints are simply good people, with no power. We cannot
pay for our sins by any action on each or in purgatory, we

can only get forgiveness by talking directly to God and asking
for it.

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<b>Martin Luther</b> <b>John Calvin</b>

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There are differences between Roman Catholicism and
Protestant.

<b>PROTESTANT</b> <b><sub>CATHOLIC </sub></b>

The Old and New Testaments are the <b>only</b> sources

of Christian doctrine Sources of doctrine include:

•Certain papal declarations

•Bishops in conjunction with the pope

•Old Testament

•New Testament

•Apocrypha (some additions to the Bible)

•<b>Catholic Church Tradition</b>

•Catholic interpretation of the Bible

We are justified (saved) <b>by faith alone</b>, not by
good works. Good works will result in greater

rewards in the afterlife but have no effect on getting
saved. This "faith" means relying on Jesus' sacrifice
as full atonement for our sins and trusting in God
enough to try to live as he said to live. It is not
mere intellectual belief in a set of facts.

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Purgatory is totally unscriptural. Christ's
sacrifice on the Cross was the only offering
necessary and the only offering sufficient to
provide salvation

There are two types of punishment after
death: temporal (temporary) and eternal. If a
person dies with just <b>one</b> "mortal" sin on his
soul he will be condemned to Hell for eternity.
If he dies with only "venial" sins on his soul
he will be sent to Purgatory, perhaps for
millions of years. Purgatory is exactly like Hell
except that it doesn't last forever. Eventually,
the person will be released and enter heaven.

"Mortal" sin is an <b>extent</b> of sin, a

<b>pervasiveness</b> of sin, sinning <b>as a way of </b>
<b>life</b>, sinning as a <b>regular practice</b>, not a

<b>single</b> sin, regardless of how serious that sin
might be, e.g., murder.

There are two types of sin: mortal and venial.
A particular sin is either mortal or venial,

depending on the severity. (For instance,
stealing one dollar from a rich man would
probably be a venial sin.)

See the box above for the consequences of
Catholic mortal sin

Only God can forgive sins. Catholic priests have been given the power to <sub>forgive sins, acting as representatives of the </sub>
Holy Spirit.

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It is clear from scripture that there was no
"head" apostle in the New Testament

churches. Paul <b>expressly and publicly </b>

<b>rebuked</b> Peter, the alleged first pope, on one
occasion. There is no biblical or historical
evidence that Peter was ever the bishop of
Rome.

Anyone who denies the authority of the pope

<b>despises</b> the one who (allegedly) appointed
him (i.e., Christ) and therefore <b>despises</b> the
one who sent Christ, (i.e., God the Father).

Mary had children by Joseph. <b>Jesus' </b>

<b>brothers are expressly named</b>: Joseph,.
James, Simon, and Jude.

Mary remained a virgin her entire life. The
Greek word can mean either "brother" or
"close relative." The Bible is talking about
Jesus' <b>cousins</b>, not <b>brothers</b>.

This is totally unscriptural. Mary was bodily assumed into heaven, like <sub>Elijah and Enoch.</sub>

This is totally unscriptural. Mary is the "spiritual mother" of all men.

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Because Henry VIII wasn’t really a
Protestant and didn’t change the

church much, the Church of England
today still has some of the structures
of the Catholic Church, and many of
the same rituals. They have this

structure.

God

The Queen

( The Archbishop of Canterbury)
Bishops

Clergymen

All the humans are no closer to God
than ordinary people. The Queen is

simply symbolic (biểu tượng). The
archbishop is the spiritual head, but

certainly can make mistakes.

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The Church has no real political power at all, but

archbishops and Bishops sit in the House of Lords.

It is difficult to calculate how many members of the

Church of England there are in Britain because

many people never go to church; something like

70% of the population of England would describe

themselves as Church of England if asked.

IV/ The church of Scotland ( Giáo hội Scotland)

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The church of Scotland is further away from Catholicism. They
have less Ritual than the C of E (Council of Europe), and they
don’t believe in Bishops, but the people elect their leaders. The
Church of England is based on the ideas of Luther, but the

Church of Scotland is based on the teachings of Calvin, a Swiss
theologian with a far darker view. The Church of Scotland

seems a hard and comfortless religion comparatively.

Presbyterians believe in Predestination, which means that God
has deeded your fate even before you were born.

There are many other Protestant faiths, the most important of
which are.

The Methodist Church. This grew out of Anglicanism, but they
wanted to move further away from the influence of the

Catholic Church.

The Baptist Church, who disagree with Anglican methods of

Baptism. Most Christian churches sprinkle (rác) water on the
heads of babies to make them part of the church. The Baptists
submerge adults in water, as Jesus did.

The Salvation Army (Đội quân cứu tế) who are interested in an
active and practical saving of souls.

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V/ Other religions in the United Kingdom

Basically, Britain is Christian. Other religions

occupy only 3% of the population. These

are the biggest other religious groups.

<b>1. Judaism.</b>

The religion of the Jews in the Old

Testament of the Bible, out of which

Christianity grew. The Jews are an ethnic

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<b>2. Islam</b>

The Jews, the Christians

and Islam share the same

idea of God. In Judaism

and Islam, they are still

waiting for his son to come

to earth. The Christians

believe that this has

happed – with Jesus.

Immigrants to Britain from

Protestant and the Arabic

countries brought this

religion with them.

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The Neasden Temple

<b>3. Hinduism</b>

Hinduism is a

religion with

multiple gods,

brought over

with

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<b>Kagya Samye Ling Monastery and Tibetan </b>
<b>centre in Scotland</b>

<b>4. Buddhism</b>

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<b>Question : </b>

<b>Choose the best answers.</b>

1.

Who was Jesus born ?
A. A divine

B. A virgin mother, Mary.
C. No one

2. Christians believe that Jesus
came to earth to ………

A. live with people
B. help the world

C. die for sins of everybody.
3.Who established

Protestantism ?
A. John Calvin

B. Martin Luther
C. Henry VIII

4. In Protestantism, Who can
forgive sins?

A. God

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5. Who is Catholics pray to?
A. God and Jesus

B. Mary and the saints
C. Both A and B

6. In Britain now about …..of
the population is Catholic.

A. 100%
B. 10%
C. 50%

7.What is difference between
Catholic and Protestant church
about Priest?

A. Catholic priest can marry, but in
the Protestant church they shouldn’t
marry.

B. Catholic priest cannot marry, but

in the Protestant church they should
marry.

8.Who is simply symbolic in
the Church of England ?

A. The Queen
B. Bishops

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9.The Church of Scotland is
further away from ……

A. Protestantism

B. The Church of England
C. Catholicism

10. Other religions occupy
only …...of the population.
A. 3%

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