<span class='text_page_counter'>(1)</span><div class='page_container' data-page=1>

<b>VAI</b>

<b> N H A N X E T</b>

<b> Vi SU TUONG DONG TRONG PHAT AM </b>

ã ã

<b>GlCTA TI^NG VIĐT Vdl TIENG TRUNG VA TIENG HAN </b>

•

<i><b>DoThiHdo </b></i>

<i>Khoa Tieng Viet vd Van hod Viet Nam cho ngudi nude ngodi </i>
<i>Trudng DH KHXH&NV, DHQG Ha Noi </i>

<i>1. DA nudre Vi^t Nam ta dang pbdt tri^n manh ve mpi mat, dae biet la </i>
tif khi gia nb^p WTO. Vi the trong con mit ciia ban be cac nu6c, Viet
Nam dang va se 1^ m6t trong nhihig nuofc eo t6'e d6 phat trid'n kinb te
nhanh nhSft thd' gi6i. Di^u do li giai tai sao ngay cang eo nhieu ngucfi
mu6'n hpc tid'ng Vi6t. Do la nhung sinh vien, nb^n vien cong ty, nhihig
ngudi kinb doanb tu do mu6n tim hi^u thi trudng Viet Nam v.v...
trong do Trung Qu6'c va Han Quoc la hai nu6c c6 nhu c^u hpc tieng
Vidt kha cao.

Khi noi d6'n qua trinh hpc tieng Viet ciia blit cii m6t sinh vi6n
nude ngoai nao, dieu quan trpng hang ddu lu6n la: phai hpc phat am
cho tot. Vi khi do, kha nang nghe, noi va tiep nhin kien tbiic se dS
dang hem rat nhieu. Nbimg qua thuc, hpc phat am tieng Viet khong
<i>phai la dL Ngupc lai, c6 le do la nhiem vu kbo khan nhat ciia m6i sinh </i>
vien trong suot qua trinh hpc. Tuy nhien nhung nguofi lam cong tac
giang day tieng Vi6t cho ngucfi nude ngoai thucmg c6 mot nhan xet
r^ng: m6t b6 pb^n 16n sinh vien Trung Quoc hpc nhanh bofn cac sinh
vi6n nu6c khac. Ben canh do, giua tieng Vi6t vod tieng Trung, tieng
<i>Han CO nhung su tucfng d6ng nhA djnh w6 phat ^m, dii ft hay nhieu. </i>
Bai viS't nho nay xin dupe din ra m6t vai vi du ve v^n de tren.

</div>
<span class='text_page_counter'>(2)</span><div class='page_container' data-page=2>

<i>da chiu anh buong ciia Trung Qu6c ve nhieu mat, dac bidt nbSCt la 4 </i>
<i>van boa va ngon ngu. Den nay, d^u in ciia su anh buong d6 vin con </i>
s^u dim va c6 th^ dl dang nhin ra. Con doi vcri Han Quoc, mai dft
cuoi nam 1992 bai nu6c mdri thuc su chinh tbiic thiet lip quan hd ngoai
giao. Tuy nhien di^m dang noi 6 day la tieng Han cung chiu anh
huong Icrn tir tieng Trung. Tuy sau nay, cung gi6'ng nhu din t6c Vift
Nam (sang tao he thong chu" cho rieng minh), ngu&i Han da tao n
ngon ngu rieng - be thong ebu cai Hangul ri't doc dao, nhimg nhflng
anh huong do v5n khong mi't di.

He thong chu" Hangul tbu6c m6t loai hinh ng6n ngu* khac v6i
tieng Trung va cung boan toan khac vdi tieng Viet - la ng6n ngO diing
he chu cai Latinh. Nhung do ciing chiu anh huong ciia tieng Trung n^n
cho den nay, ba ngon ngQ: tieng Viet, tieng Trung va tieng Han vinci
nhung diem tucfng dong trong phat am.

2.L Truoc het, giua tieng Viet va tieng Trung, nhung net tuong d6ng
v^ phat im la pb6 bid'n va dl nhin thi'y, dac biet vdi nhung tir la tft
<i>Han Viet. Ma trong ht thong tij vung tieng Viet, mot bo phin khdng </i>
nho lai la tu Han Viet. Diy la ket qua eua hang ngbin nam chju anh
huong cua chu Han. Hon nua da c6 nhung giai doan ngudi Viet sir
dung chu Han lam van tu chinh. Vi the su giong nhau trong phat Am
<i>cua cac tu Han Viet la dd hiiu. </i>

Ben canh do, du tieng Viet la ngon ngir da thanh didu, g6m 6
thanh (di^u lam cho sinh vien nude ngoai vat va nhat) thi tieng Trung
cung CO thanh dieu, dij khong nhieu va khong hoan toan gid'ng v5i
tieng Viet. Do la cac thanh: .. J v ,. ,.}

Thanh 1:- (doc keo dai) ' '^^>'= '-^f
Thanh 2: / (dpc tuong tu dau sic) '" ;' '
Thanh 3: v (dpc tuong tu dau hoi)

Thanh 4: \ (dpc nhanh, dut khoat)

Thanh 5: giong thanh khong trong tieng V i a (dpc ludt)

</div>
<span class='text_page_counter'>(3)</span><div class='page_container' data-page=3>

' vdi ti^ng me de, ndn hp cung khdng phai trai qua nhi6u kbo khan, bd
' ngd nhu sinh vi6n cac nude khac.

<i>Dudi day chung t6i xin ISfy m6t s6 vi du di th^y dupe nhihig </i>
di^m gi6ng nhau

T&ti£fng Viat

Hi vpng
Tbdng minh
van hod
Tra
Phat tri^n
Xu^t khiu
Sir dung
Lao ddng
Cao

nay:

Ti^ng Trung
(phi^n am)

Xi wang
Cong mung3
Wenl bia
Cha
Fa zhan
Chu kou3
Shi3 ydng
Lao dong
Gaol

Tfifti^ngViat

Cam cm
Lich sir
Ki^mtra
Kinhte
C6ng nhan
PhuniJ
Bdocdo
Phu san
Cam

Tieng Trung
(phien am)
Gan xie
Li shie3
Jian cha
Jungl ji
Gongl ren
Funii3

Bao gao

Fij kanl

Ganl

<i>Cha thich: Vi ki hi6u thanh dieu kbo ntn chung tdi ghi bang so, </i>

<i>tucfng ihig vdi cac thanh dieu da neu b tren. </i>

Nhin bang vi du nay, n^'u hi^u dupe phi^n am tieng Trung, chang
ban nhu: "g" se phat am giong "c" trong tieng Viet, "sh" - giong "s"...
thi khi phat am, chung ta se tha'y chiing kha giong nhau.

Vi du: "Tbdng minh" se phat am la "chung minh", tucfng tu mot
s6' tir nhu: "lich sijr" se la "li sijf", 'Tra" se la "U-a", "sii dung" se la "sii
dung" v.v...

Dac bi6t se cd m6t s6' tir ma phat am giiJa hai ngon ngu la boan
toan gid'ng nhau nhu "cao" hay "cam".

</div>
<span class='text_page_counter'>(4)</span><div class='page_container' data-page=4>

phat am gin giong nhau. Theo tinh chit bic ciu thi tir dd ma nhung ij
Han - Han va nhung tir Han - Viet cd the phat am tucmg tu nhau. Tren
thuc te da cho tha'y dung nhu vay. Nhieu tir nhi^u tir Han - Viet kh6nf
lam cho sinh vien Han Quoc gap khd khan trong viec phat am va nho
nghia cua nd. Cai khd hem la d nhihig tir thuin Viet va he tbd'ng thanh
dieu pbiic tap. Trong tieng Han khong cd thanh dieu nen sinh vien Han
Quoc luon bdi rdi trudc bien tupng rit nhieu t^ chi khac nhau 6 thanh
dieu ma each dpc va nghia boan toan khac nhau. Do dd da cd nhi^u
sinh vien khi hpc luon yeu ciu giao vien dua ra tit ca cac kha nangkft

bpp vdi cac thanh dieu cua cung mot dcm vi tir. Hp mudn dat chung
trong mot he thong nham phan biet cac diu va cd th^ hpc cung m6l iuc
tit ca cac tir nay. Nhu the se tranh dupe su nhim lin va khi nhd mdt tt
<i>cd ihi nhd dupe cac tir con lai trong nhdm nay. Nhung cung c6 mdt </i>
dieu dang luu y la neu da la sinh vien nam thur 2, tbir 3 roi ma phat 4m
sai thi rit khd sua. Liic nay viec sua phat am cue ki vit va va doi hoi su
<i>ki6n tri, quyet tarn cua sinh v'ltn dd. </i>

<i>Trd lai nhutig d'lim tucmg dong trong phat am nbi6u tir Han • </i>
Vidt, chung ta cd Ihd Ihay dupe qua mot so vi du dudi day:

Tieng Via
Chinh dang
Khdng gian
Y tudng
Cdn trung
Da so

Ke hoach boa
Cong nghiep
Nong thon
Quiin li
Phd bien
Xa hoi
Don
Tieng Han
(phicn am)
Jung dang
Gong gan
Yi sang

Gon chung
Da so

</div>
<span class='text_page_counter'>(5)</span><div class='page_container' data-page=5>

<b>1 </b>

, Nhu vay, nhin vio mdt sd vi du tran, mdt ngudi dii khdng biet
I ti^fng Hin cung cd th^ nhan ra ring nhihig tir Han Viet nay phat am

kha gin vdi nhOng tfir ciing nghia trong ti^ng Han. Miic dp gid'ng nhau
, tir It d^n nhi6u. Cd nhihig ttr phat am rit gid'ng, dac biet la nhung tir cd

<i>] thanh ngang trong ti^ng Viat. Vi du cac tijf: "ndng" trong "nong </i>

nghiap". "cdng" trong "cdng nghiap", "boa" trong "ke hoach boa", ttr
"gan"... Cung tiir day, chiing ta thiy dupe dac di^m khdng thanh dieu
trong ti^ng Han. Tit ca cac tir cd thanh diau ciia tieng Viet deu tucmg
img vdi nhOtig tir khdng thanh diau ciia ti^ng Han. Ching ban nhu:

<b>Hoa, hoa, hoa, hoa, hoa... n^u la tir Han Viet va cd nhimg tir Han </b>

<b>Han tuong ducmg thi ngudi Han Qud'c d^u se dpc la "hoa". Neu tim </b>

<i>hiiu mdt each cd ha tbdng qua nhilu vi du hem, chung ta se thiy rd v^ </i>

dac di^m niy.

Vi nhiitig di^u niy mi trong cac bu6i hpc ciia sinh vien Han
Qud'c, cd mdt di^u thu vi la na'u gap mdt tir mdi la tir Han Viet, giao
<i>vian cd ihi cho sinh vian tu doin nghia dupe. Va kha nang chinh xac </i>
li khdng nhd.

Ngay nay, Viat Nam va Han Qud'c deu da cd ngdn ngiJ rieng
cho dan tde minh, in cbtia trong dd nhihig dac di^m ve van boa, tu duy
ciia con ngudi mdi dan tde. ChiJ Qud'c ngG cua Viet Nam va he tbdng
chi? Hangul ciia Han Qud'c deu la su sang tao tuyet vdi tir viec cd ging
thoat khoi loai chii' viat pbiic tap la chi? Han. Cd the, so vdi chir Hangul
thi tia'ng Viat hoan thian hem. Nhung ciing phai thira nhan he tbdng
chir Hangul (do vua Sejong sang tao ra nam 1446) la mot thanh cdng
to Idn. Nd da th^ bien ve dep tri tue con ngudi ket hop vdi nbihig quan
dia'm tria't hpc phucmg Ddng.

</div>
<span class='text_page_counter'>(6)</span><div class='page_container' data-page=6>

Tdm lai, do ciing chiu anh hudng sau dam cua Phat giao, Nhc
giao va cung anh hudng Idn ciia tieng Han nen dii da trai qua nhiduthe
ki, den nay, van boa ciing nhu ngdn ngii' ba nude Viet - Trung - Har
vin cd nhieu diem tucmg ddng. Mac dii the, mdi nan van hoa cd nhung
net dac sic va gia tri rieng, mdi he tbdng ngdn ngiJ deu la mdt su sing
tao dpc dao, mang ban sic dan tde minh. Hpc mot ngdn ngi? chinh la
hpc them mdt nen van boa va tim hia'u tri tue, each tu duy va nhihig
net dep trong tam hdn con ngudi thupe ve n^n van hoa dd.

TAI LIEU THAM K H A O

<i>1. Kim Seong Beom- Dao Vu Vu (2006), "'Hudn dan chinh anf'vii </i>
<i>bang chu cai cua dan toe Han, Tap chi Ngdn ngiJ" va Ddi s6ng, </i>
So 10.

<i>2% Trinh Cim Lan (2006), Ciu? viet Hangul trong bi'rc tranh chQviii </i>
<i>khu vuc. Tap chi Ngon ngQ va Ddi song. So 10. </i>

<i>3. Dd Tien Thing- Lee Kye Sun (2006), He thong chil Hangul vd </i>

<i>.,ji. tinh uu viet cua no. Tap chi Ngdn ngO va Ddi song. So 10. </i>

<i>4. Pham Phii Ty (2006), May y kien ve viec day phdt am tieng Viit </i>
<i>, . • cho sinh vien Han Quoc, Ki ya'u bdi thao khoa hpc: Viat Nam </i>

hpc va Tieng Viat. .,. . ...^
<b>^» « "Ufi^ </b>

<b>' J I'U.-'.^i </b>

<b>.J' Tl </b>

<i><b>PJ </b></i>

f .• ." I •

<b>- - i . - • , . / • </b>
<i><b>V I- c.-J </b></i>

<i><b>.1 </b></i>

1 • ,

• • . ' 1 ^

<b>."I ." L- r </b>

<b>1 . </b>

' 1 r

</div>

<!--links-->