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<b>Environmental Technology </b>

<b>Environmental Technology </b>

<b>Assessment</b>

<b>Assessment</b>

PGS. TS. Nguyen Thi Ha

PGS. TS. Nguyen Thi Ha

FES- HUS

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Objectives

Objectives

– Understand the principles of economically viable
and environmentally sound waste collection;

recycling; and treatment

– Evaluate the environmental impacts of process
technologies, especially those related to waste
collection; recycling; and treatment;

– Be capable of applying the methodology
described in the Environmental Technology

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<b>Goals of EnTA</b>

<b>Goals of EnTA</b>

– describe the proposed technology,

available alternatives, their

requirement and operating

environment;

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<b>Goals of EnTA</b>

<b>Goals of EnTA</b>

– characterise the environmental

impacts (on the human health and

safety, on the natural environment,

including non-renewable resources,

on the community) these pressures

may cause, and

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<b>EnTA characteristics</b>

<b>EnTA characteristics</b>

– EnTA is a qualitative tool that minimises
the need for detailed technical data;

– EnTA is designed to facilitate

multi-stakeholder dialogue leading to consensus

decision making;

– EnTA is intended to be used to prevent

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<b>EnTA characteristics</b>

<b>EnTA characteristics</b>

– EnTA is multidisciplinary – technical,

economic and environmental conditions
and processes can often be complex;

therefore many different skills are required
in assembling, combining, interpreting,

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<b>EnTA characteristics</b>

<b>EnTA characteristics</b>

– EnTA involves simplifying both the

relationship between the technology and
its environment, and the consequences of
those interactions; and

– EnTA examines the environmental effects
of the entire technological system including
the resources used and the waste

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<b>Three core values of </b>

<b>Three core values of </b>

<b>environmental technology</b>

<b>environmental technology</b>

<b>assessment</b>

<b>assessment</b>

i) environmental sustainability, by building in
environmental safeguards;

ii) integrity, by having the assessments
conform to agreed standards; and

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Business benefits from EnTA

Business benefits from EnTA

• _{avoiding pollution, regulatory problems, legal}

and clean up costs;

• _{improving the environmental profile of the}

company within the community and the
marketplace;

• _{reducing maintenance costs and}

• _{improving overall performance; lowering}

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Government benefits from EnTA

Government benefits from EnTA

• _{reducing health care costs from industrial}

accidents and emissions;

• avoiding high costs for pollutant spills;
planning ahead and

• _{better managing the environment;}

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<b>General public benefits from EnTA</b>

<b>General public benefits from EnTA</b>

• _{obtaining higher quality of life, fewer work}

related illnesses and injuries;

• reducing life risk from industrial pollutants;

• _{maintaining social and cultural values;}

ensuring protection of the environment;

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<b>EnTA involves</b>

<b>EnTA involves</b>

Assembling, combining, interpreting and
communicating existing knowledge from
diverse sciences, technology and policy
related disciplines for ultimate use by

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<b>The role of environmental </b>

<b>The role of environmental </b>

<b>technology assessment in </b>

<b>technology assessment in </b>

<b> environmental improvement</b>

<b> environmental improvement</b>

i) recognizing that the “environment” is wider
than ecosystems and living resources, for
it includes economic, social, aesthetic and
cultural conditions and amenity values;

ii) adopting proactive management

approaches that emphazise problem

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<b>The role of environmental </b>

<b>The role of environmental </b>

<b>technology assessment in </b>

<b>technology assessment in </b>

<b> environmental improvement</b>

<b> environmental improvement</b>

iii) adopting an adaptive management
approach due to uncertainties in initial
identification of potentially adverse

environmental impacts;

iv) considering the wider technological

system, rather than the technology itself,
in isolation; and

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The relationship between EIA and

EnTA

• _{The EIA is obligatory while EnTA is}

voluntary.

• EnTA can best be used to prevent the

enterprise from reaching the stage of doing
an EIA on an unfeasible technology or

other proposal

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Challenge for EnTA

Challenge for EnTA

• _{In its present form it does not give rise to a}

framework for developing a strategy for
improving the environmental outcomes
associated with the activities of the

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Challenge for EnTA

Challenge for EnTA

• _{The field trip was considered to be an}

excellent opportunity to evaluate a real

world activity, rather than engage in EnTA
on a theoretical basis.

• _{EnTA is considered to be useful at the}

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<b>EnTA as an Environmental </b>

<b>Management Tool</b>

• _{EnTA is viewed as a “scoping tool”, to be}

used at the “idea stage”, rather than after
development of a formal or full project

proposal.

• _{EnTA is largely qualitative. This has}

advantages in that it identifies the data

required to complete the assessment and is
more likely to be used than are assessment
methods that require large amounts of

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<b>EnTA as an Environmental </b>

<b>Management Tool</b>

• _{EnTA is an instrument that encourages a}

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<b>EnTA as an Environmental </b>

<b>Management Tool</b>

• _{EnTA is an appropriate, proactive}

environmental management tool that
facilitates a multidisciplinary and

multiEnvironmental sector approach to
environmental management. While it is
useful in simplifying the environmental
management issues and options of

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<b>EnTA as an Environmental </b>

<b>Management Tool</b>

• _{EnTA also fosters a comprehensive and}

integrated approach, especially with regard
to the implications of the technology

system.

• _{EnTA identifies if more sophisticated}

assessment tools, such as environmental
risk assessment and cost-benefit analysis,
need be used to ensure that the

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<b>EnTA as an Environmental </b>

<b>Management Tool</b>

• _{EnTA is not a “recipe” that has to be}

followed on a rigorous basis – rather the
procedures can be modified and

supplemented, and they should evolve in
response to the process itself, and

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<b>EnTA as an Environmental </b>

<b>Management Tool</b>

• _{EnTA is a useful and appropriate tool to}

facilitate dialogue between multiple

stakeholders and to gain a comprehensive

appreciation of a situation; it is very good at
enhancing understanding and raising

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<b>EnTA as an Environmental </b>

<b>Management Tool</b>

• _{EnTA can aid in the identification and}

understanding of the issues, as a

prerequisite to an effective multistakeholder
dialogue, with the aim of bringing all

stakeholders to a common level of
understanding

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<b>EnTA as an Environmental </b>

<b>Management Tool</b>

• Most assessments end up as (subjective)
judgements even if they endeavour to be

objective; but there may be value in weighting
some of the categories so that there is more
benefit from aggregation of the impacts;

• The subjective character of EnTA is elevated by
its position as a tool in a multi-stakeholder

process, with a focus on education and a

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<b>EnTA as an Environmental </b>

<b>Management Tool</b>

• EnTA is subjective, and there is a need to either
clarify the meaning of such categories as “high,
medium and low”, or relate the terms to an

agreed base line;

• _{As a tool for informing, generating discussion}

and advising multiple stakeholders, the
subjectivity of EnTA is not a problem;

• A key to the success of EnTA is harmonizing

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<b>EnTA as an Environmental </b>

<b>Management Tool</b>

• There are different roles for EnTA, depending on
a country’s level of development and the status
of environmental management in that country;

• _{EnTA can also be used within a company, or at}

national level to facilitate a dialogue by raising
awareness and identifying key issues;

• _{NGOs and regulators saw EnTA as an excellent}

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<b>EnTA as an Environmental </b>

<b>Management Tool</b>

In the ideal application of EnTA, one would need
all the lifecycle costs reflected in prices (i.e.

internalized) and all decisions could then be

made on the basis of a cost-benefit analysis; but
there are departures from the ideal:

i) all costs are not internalised;

ii) currently most technology systems are

based on not all costs being internalised – to do
so would make many of the present systems

uneconomic and redundant and;

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<b>EnTA as an Environmental </b>

<b>Management Tool</b>

• _{EnTA demonstrated how it can be used to}

change a viewpoint from seeing something
as a waste to viewing it as a product;

• _{Should EnTA be compulsory/binding or}

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<b>EnTA as an Environmental </b>

<b>Management Tool</b>

• EIA is not working in many Asian countries and
where it is working, it is a specialized tool in the
hands of a few regulators and consultants –

while EIA may allow industry to meet its

regulatory requirements, only EnTA can ensure
inputs from all stakeholders, and only EnTA

requires all options to be considered; and

• _{A key concern is to identify what is wrong with}

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<b>The Methods and Practices of </b>

<b>EnTA</b>

• _{The start of any EnTA requires the}

evaluation team to establish the
assessment framework, goals,

commitment, and resources available.

• _{In this phase}<b>_{the tasks, responsibilities,}</b>

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Step 1

Step 1

•

_{Describing the proposed technology}

by defining the technology

•

_{Being considered, identifying the goals}

the technology is intended to satisfy,

•

_{Identifying the stakeholders and by}

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Step 2

Step 2

• Identifying the raw materials, land, energy,
labour, infrastructure and supporting

technologies required for the technology to
operate, and the wastes and hazardous

products produced by the technology.

• Characterizing the potential environmental and
related impacts associated with each of these
components.

• _{Considering the inputs and outputs over the}

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Step 3

Step 3

• _{Leading to an overall assessment of the}

environmental risks.

• Identifying information gaps and
uncertainties

• _{Contributing to the decision as to whether}

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Step 4

Step 4

• _{An important part of EnTA is consideration}

of alternative technologies that may also
achieve the same goals as the proposed
technology.

• _{Other technologies are considered in, in}

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Step

Step

5

₅

• _{The fifth step is to combine all of the}

previously acquired information in order to
reach a consensus as to the suitability of
the proposed technology, and any

alternatives.

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Follow-up activities

Follow-up activities

• _{reporting the findings and}

recommendations to the interested parties.

• monitoring of the use of the findings and
identifying where subsequent

assessments might be strengthened.

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Notes

Notes

• In many instances the various steps in the
technology evaluation can be undertaken
simultaneously or in a different order,

depending upon the timeframe and resources

available to the assessment team.

• EnTA can be an incremental and circular

process (as Figure), continually incorporating
new information, understanding and

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Aspects of action plans

• _{EnTA will be further evaluated and applied}

in the domestic situation, with different
applications and approaches – e.g.

treatments, adaptation, innovation;

• _{Multi-sector training and consultation will}

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Aspects of action plans

• _{The policy environment for the}

implementation of EnTA will be developed
in the home country; and

• _{The tool will be refined (e.g. improve}

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<b>Preparation of Personal Action </b>

<b>Plans</b>

• Actions that can be undertaken without
assistance in addition to that already
available in the course of current

employment; and

• _{Actions that can be undertaken only if}

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