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1. TENSES

1. Present simple ( Hiện tại đơn )

a. Form ( hình thức) Động từ thường

 Khẳng định: I / you / we / they + verb ……
He / she / it,Mary,Tom .. + verb (+ s / es )……
 Phủ định : I / you / we / they + don’t + verb….

He / she / it,Mary,Tom .. + doesn’t + verb……
 Nghi vaán : Do + I / you / we / they + verb…..?

Does + he / she / it ,Mary,Tom .. + verb……?
Với động từ TO BE

(+) I am

You , We ,They are
 He , She , It is
 (-) I am not
 You , We ,They arenot
 He , She , It isnot

(?) Am I ?
 Are You , We ,They ?

Is He , She , It ,Mary,Tom,Tuan.. ?
b. Use ( cách dùng )

 Diễn tả hành động xảy ra thường xuyên hoặc một thói quen ở hiện tại.

Ex: Do you often go to the cinema ?

We sometimes go sailing at weekends.
 He smokes twenty cigarettes a day.
 We go to the country every weekend.
- diễn tả sự thật chân lí muôn đời., sự thật hiển nhiên.

- Diễn tả hành động lúc đang nói( trong câu khơng có dữ kiện )
- Dùng trong câu điều kiện lọai 1 (trong mệnh đề phụ)
 Cách nhận biết:

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always (luoân luoân),

often (thường),

usually/generally (thường thường),
sometimes (thỉnh thoảng),

rarely/seldom (hiếm khi),

never (khơng bao giờ),

every + time (hằng, mọi ….)

once / twice …+ a + time (một / hai ..lần )

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Time expressions ( Cụm từ thời gian)

 Always, usually, sometimes, often, normally, generally, occasionally, as a rule, never, rarely, seldom, …
Every: everyday, every morning, every Saturday…

 Three times a week, twice a month, from time to time…

1. TLĐ_______ WHEN _____________HTĐ
2. HTĐ _______AFTER_________ ______TLĐ
3. TLĐ_______ BEFORE _____________HTĐ
4. TLĐ_______ AS SOON AS_____________HTĐ
5. HTĐ_______ THAT ________HTHT

6. TLĐ_______ UNTIL _____________HTĐ
7. TLĐ_______ BECAUSE _____________HTĐ
8. TLĐ_______ BY THE TIME_____________HTĐ
9. TLĐ_______ SO_____________HTĐ

10. TLĐ________IF________HTĐ

2. Present continuous ( Hiện tại tiếp diễn )

a. Form ( hình thức)

 Khẳng định: S + am / are / is + V-ing …….
 Phủ định : S + am / are / is + not + V-ing ……
 Nghi vaán : Am / Are / Is + S + V-ing ……?

b. Use ( cách dùng )

 Diễn tả hành động đang xảy ra vào lúc nói

Ex: What’s that smell ? Something is burning in the kitchen .

Why are you wearing that funny hat ?

I work in a bakery everyday . But I’m working in a shop this week .

- Dùng trong câu mệnh lệnh.( Look! Be quite! Don’t make noise! Listen! Watch out! Keep silent...)
 Cách nhận biết: now , right now / right at the moment / at present, today , this + time

Time expressions ( Cụm từ thời gian)
 Now, right now, at present, at the moment, still

Today, this week, these days, this term, this year, this summer, nowadays…

 Khơng được dùng thì HTTD và QKTD với các động từ tri giác sau đây: Like, Dislike, Detest, Fear, Respect, Loathe, Hate, Love,

Believe , Trust , Want , Wish , Desire , Know , Perceive, Notice , Understand , Forget , Remember , Recollect , Consist , Contain , 
Concern , Belong , Possess , Own , Owe , Concern , Matter , Appear (cã vỴ), Look (cã vỴ), Seem (dêng nh), Smell (cã mïi), 
Taste (có vị), Sound (có vẻ), Mean (có nghÜa lµ), Signify (cã nghÜa lµ),See (hiĨu), Realize (hiÓu), Recognize (nhËn thøc), Hold

(chứa đựng), Keep (tiếp tục), Admire (khâm phục), belong, need, TO BE ..

VÝ dô : - I want to see him right now (Tôi muốn gặp hắn ngay bây giờ), chø kh«ng nãi I am wanting to see him right now.
- The meat smells of garlic (ThÞt cã mïi tái), chø kh«ng nãi The meat is smelling of garlic.

- I perceive her smile as an ironic remark (T«i nhËn thÊy nơ cêi cđa c« ta là một lời nhận xét mỉa mai), chứ không nói I am

perceiving her smile as an ironic remark .
3. Simple past ( Quá khứ đơn )

a. Form ( hình thức)  Khẳng định: S + V2 / V-ed ……
 Phủ định : S + didn’t + V1 ….

 Nghi vaán : Did + S + V1 …..?
Với động từ TO BE

( +) I ( He , She , It , Tên người số ít) was
 You ( We , They ) were

b. Use ( cách dùng )

 Diễn tả hành động xảy ra và chấm dứt tại một thời điểm hoặc khoảng thời gian xác định trong quá khứ .
Ex: He met her yesterday.

He lived in Hanoi from 1990 to 2000.
 They didn’t meet each other last night.

- Dùng sau hành động khác trong quá khứ(đi với thì QKHT) (CĨ before, after, by the time, that..)
- Hành động khác cắt ngang( QKĐ – QKTD( CÓ when xuất hiện) )

- Dùng trong câu điều kiện lọai 2(chia trong mệnh đề phụ(be = were))
- Chỉ thói quen trong quá khứ.

 Cách nhận biết: yesterday, ago, last + time , in + year , from… to .
Time expressions ( Cụm từ thời gian)

 Yesterday, yesterday morning, in the past, in 1985, when I was young, when I was a child…

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 Last: last night, last year, last month, last summer
 Ago: two days ago, three weeks ago, a month ago

1. ___QKTD___WHEN ____QKĐ____

2. ___QKHT___WHEN ____QKĐ____
3. ___QKTD___WHEN ___QKTD____
4. ___QKĐ____WHEN____QKĐ____
5. ___QKHT____BY THE TIME __QKĐ____
6. ___QKĐ____AFTER ___QKHT___
7. ____QKHT___BEFORE____QKĐ___
8. ___QKĐ______WHILE ____QKTD___
9. ____QKTD___ WHILE___QKTD___
10. ___QKHT_____AS SOON AS____QKĐ____
11. ___QKĐ_____THAT ____QKHT___

12. ____QKĐ_____AS ______QKTD___
13. _____QKĐ____BECAUSE___QKHT_____
14. _____QKHT____UNTIL_____QKĐ___

15. ____TLTQK(S + Would,Should, Could…+ V1)___IF ____QKĐ_____

4. Past continuous ( Quá khứ tiếp diễn )

a. Form ( hình thức)  Khẳng định: S + were / was + V-ing …….

 Phủ định : S + were / was + not + V-ing ……
 Nghi vaán : Were / Was + S + V-ing ……?

b. Use ( cách dùng )

 Diễn tả hành động đang xảy ra tại thời điểm xác định trong quá khứ .
Ex: What were you doing at 8.00 last night ? I was watching television .
 When I got home , the children were crying and the dog was barking .
 Diễn tả hành động bị gián đoạn .

Ex: While I was having a bath, the phone rang .
 He was making some coffee when we arrived .
 Diễn tả hai hành động đang diễn ra cùng một lúc.

Ex: I was learning my lesson while my parents were watching TV at 8.30 last night.
 While he was playing football, we were listening to music.

 Cách nhận biết:

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At that moment ( vào lúc đó)
At that time ( vào lúc đó)

At this time yesterday ( vào lúc này hôm qua)

At this time last night ( vào lúc này tối hôm qua)

At 4 (5, 6 …) o'clock yesterday (vào lúc 4 (5, 6…) giờ hôm
qua.)All day yesterday ( suốt ngày hôm qua)

5. Present perfect ( Hiện tại hoàn thành )

a. Form ( Hình thức )

Khẳng định : I/ you /we /they + have + V3 / V-ed ….
He /she /it + has + V3 / V-ed
Phuû ñònh : S + have / has + not + V3 / V-ed …
Nghi vaán : Have / has + S + V3 / V-ed …. ?

b. Use (Cách dùng )

 Dùng để chỉ hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ và kéo dài đến hiện tại :
Ex: I have learnt English for 4 years .

My mother has decorated the house since yesterday.
 He has seen that actor many times.

- Hành động vừa mới xảy ra.

- Không xác định thời gian trong quá khứ.
- Hành động lặp đi lặp lại nhiều lần trong hiện tại
 Cách nhận biết:

for (suốt)
since (kể từ)

up to now / so far / until now / up to present (cho tới nay )

for ages ( đã lâu ) 
just (vừa mới)
already (rồi)

recently / lately (gaàn đây)
never

ever 
still (vẫn)
not…yet (chưa)

several times = many times (nhiều laàn)

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Time expressions ( Cụm từ thời gian)

 Since, for,Just, recently, lately, already, never, ever, yet, so far, until now, up to now, for ages, for a long
time, up to the present, how long,in the last few years…

Lưu ý: Các trạng từ trên chỉ được dùng kèm với thì hiện tạ hồn thành trong các câu đơn. Nếu câu từ hai mệnh đềø trở lên thì ta
phải dựa vào ngữ cảnh chứ không chỉ dựa vào các trạng từ đó.)

____HTHT ___SINCE ____QK Đ

6. Present perfect continuous ( Hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn )

a. Form (Hình thức)

Khẳng định : I/ you /we /they + have + been + V- ing ….

He /she /it ,Mary,Tom,Mai…. + has + been + V- ing
Phủ định : S + have / has + not + been + V- ing …

Nghi vaán : Have / has + S + been + V- ing …. ?

b. Use (Cách dùng )  Nhấn mạnh sự liên tục của hành động kéo dài từ trong quá khứ và vẫn còn đang tiếp diễn.
Ex: I’ve been working for the same company for twelve years.

How long have you been playing football ?

7. Past perfect ( Quá khứ hoàn thành )

a. Form ( Hình thức )

Khẳng định : S + had + V3 / V-ed …
Phuû ñònh : S + had + not + V3 / V-ed …
Nghi vaán : Had + S + V3 / V-ed …. ?

b. Use (Cách dùng )

 Diễn tả hành động xảy ra trước một hành động khác hoặc thời điểm khác trong quá khứ .
- Dùng trong câu điều kiện lọai 3(chia trong mệnh đề phụ)

 Cách nhận biết: before, after, by the time, when, as soon as.

Ex: My parents had already eaten by the time I got home.
 Until yesterday , I had never heard about it .

Time expressions ( Cụm từ thời gian)
By + (the past time): by 2003, by last year

By the time + clause: by the time we got there, by the time you went to bad…
Before, after, when, already,

1. ___QKHT___WHEN ____QKĐ____
2. ___QKHT____BY THE TIME __QKĐ____
3. ___QKĐ____AFTER ___QKHT___
4. ____QKHT___BEFORE____QKĐ___
5. ___QKHT_____AS SOON AS____QKĐ____
6. ___QKĐ_____THAT ____QKHT___

7. _____QKĐ____BECAUSE___QKHT_____
8. _____QKHT____UNTIL_____QKĐ___

9. ____QKHT__IF ___PAST SUBJUNTIVE (S + WOULD,SHOULD, COULD, MIGHT + HAVE + PP)

8. Past perfect continuous ( Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn ) 
a. Form ( Hình thức )

Khẳng định : S + had + been + V-ing …
Phủ định : S + had + not + been + V-ing …
Nghi vaán : Had + S + been + V-ing …. ?

b. Use (Cách dùng )

 Dùng để nhấn mạnh tính liên tục của một hành động xảy ra trước một hành động khác hay một thời điểm khác cũng
trong quá khứ.

Ex: She had been studying English before she came here for classes.

The police had been looking for the criminal for two years before they caught him .
9. Simple future ( Tương lai đơn )

a.Form ( Hình thức )

Khẳng định : S + will / shall + V1 …
Phủ định : S + will / shall + not + V1 …
Nghi vaán : Will / Shall + S + V1 …. ?

b.Use (Cách dùng )

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Ex: Will you go shopping with me now ? 
-Diễn tả sự việc không chắc chắn.

Time expressions ( Cụm từ thời gian)
Next: next week, next month, next summer…

Someday, soon, in 2050, in two weeks, in three days, tomorrow…
I think, I am sure, promise, hope …

1. TLĐ_______ WHEN _____________HTĐ
2. HTĐ _______AFTER_________ ______TLĐ
3. TLĐ_______ BEFORE _____________HTĐ
4. TLĐ_______ AS SOON AS_____________HTĐ
5. HTĐ_______ THAT _______TLĐ

6. TLĐ_______ UNTIL _____________HTĐ
7. TLĐ_______ BECAUSE _____________HTĐ
8. TLĐ_______ BY THE TIME_____________HTĐ
9. TLĐ_______ SO_____________HTĐ

10. TLĐ________IF________HTĐ
10. Future continuous ( Tương lai tiếp diễn )

a.Form ( Hình thức )

Khẳng định : S + will / shall + be + V-ing …
Phủ định : S + will / shall + be + not + V-ing …
Nghi vaán : Will / Shall + S + be + V-ing …. ?

b.Use (Cách dùng )

 Diễn tả hành động sẽ đang diễn ra tại một thời điểm xác định trong tương lai.

Ex: Don’t phone at 8.00 . I’ll be having supper.

This time tomorrow I ‘ll be flying to New York .

 Dùng để hỏi về những kế hoạch hay dự tính của ngưới khác , nhất là khi chúng ta muốn cái gì đó hay muốn người nào
làm điều gì đó .

Ex: “ Will you be using your bicycle this evening? “ “ No, you can take it “
 “ Will you be passing the post office when you go out ? “ “ Yes , why ?
11. Future perfect ( Tương lai hoàn thành )

a.Form ( Hình thức )

Khẳng định : S + will / shall + have + V3 / V-ed …
Phuû ñònh : S + will / shall + not + have + V3 / V-ed …
Nghi vaán : Will / Shall + S + have + V3 / V-ed …. ?

b.Use (Cách dùng )

 Diễn tả hành động sẽ hồn thành trước một hành động khác hoặc thời điểm khác trong tương lai .
Ex: The taxi will have arrived by the time you finish dressing .

By next Christmas, he will have lived in Dalat for 5 years.
2. RELATIVE CLAUSES

 Mệnh đề quan hệ giới hạn

 Relative pronouns : WHO – WHOM –

Người WHO(THAY CHO S)(HE,SHE,THEY)+ BE/V/ MODAL VERBS

Người WHOM(THAY CHO O)(HIM ,HER,THEM)+ S

Người WHOSE( thay cho POSS ADJECTIVE) (HIS,HER,ITS,THEIR) + Noun

Vaät WHICH (THAY CHO S)(IT,,THEY)+ BE/V/ MODAL VERBS

Chức năng Mệnh đề quan hệ giới hạn Mệnh đề quan hệ khơng giới hạn
Chủ ngữ

Người WHO/THAT WHO

Vật WHICH/THAT WHICH

Tân ngữ

Người WHOM/THAT/ WHOM

Vaät WHICH/THAT/ WHICH

Sở hữu Người WHOSE WHOSE

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1. The woman is my mother. She wears a hat.
 The woman who / that wears a hat is my mother .
2. My mother is the person. I always think of her.

 My mother is the person whom / that I always think of .
3. The bicycle is beautiful. You are looking at it.

 The bicycle which / that you are looking at is beautiful.

4. The book is my teacher’s . It is on the table.

 The book which / that is on the table is my teacher’s.
5. He is the boy. His father is the director of this company.
 He is the boy whose father is the director of this company .
 Relative adverbs : WHERE – WHEN – WHY

1. WHERE : được dùng để thay thế “ giới từ + which” : “ in which, at which, on which…” khi nói về nơi chốn.
Ex: I went to the office. My father works in the office.

 I went to the office in which my father works.
  I went to the office where my father works.

2. WHEN: được dùng để thay thế “giới từ + which” : “ in which , at which, on which ….” khi nói về thời gian
Ex: You can visit me on Sundays. I am usually free on Sundays.

 You can visit me on Sundays on which I am usually free .
  You can visit me on Sundays when I am usually free .
3. WHY : được dùng để thay thế “ for + which” khi nói về lý do

Ex: He refused my invitation. The reason is unknown.
  The reason why he refused my invitation is unknown.

NOTE : “ where , when , why “ không bao giờ đi sau giới từ .

 Mệnh đề quan hệ không giới hạn : là mệnh đề bổ sung, đặt sau danh từ đã được xác định, và được ngăn cách với mệnh đề chính 
bởi một hoặc hai dấu phẩy

Ex: Michael Jackson is an American singer. I saw him on TV yesterday.
  Michael Jackson , whom I saw on TV yesterday , is an American singer.

NOTES

a. “That” thường được dùng trong các trường hợp sau:
 Khi từ đi trước chỉ người và vật .

Ex: The girls and flowers that he painted were vivid.

 Sau so sánh nhất khi danh từ đi trước làm tân ngữ và sau những từ như : the first, the last, the only, the very, any, all,
nothing, anything, everything, few, nobody, …

Ex: You are the person that I have been looking for. She is the ugliest girl that I’ve ever seen.
 I have never seen anyone that is as lovely as she .

b. “That” không bao giờ được dùng trong các trường hợp sau:
 Đại từ quan hệ có giới từ đứng trước

Ex: The house in which / in that I live is my father’s.

That is the man from whom / from that I borrowed the car.
 Mệnh đề quan hệ không giới hạn

Ex: Viet Nam, which / that is in the south-east Asia, exports rice.

c. Trong mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định ( không giới hạn ) , danh từ xác định thường là :
 Danh từ riêng : Nam, Hong , Mr. Smith, Mrs. Green ….

 Đại từ chỉ định : this , that , these, those
 Tính từ sở hữu : my, your , our , their , his, her .

Ex:  Mr. Pike is very nice. He is my neighbor.  Mr. Pike , who is my neighbor , is very nice.

 This matter is of great importance. You should pay attention to it

 This matter , to which you should pay attention, is of great importance.

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b. Used to + bare infinitive : đã từng, thường ( thói quen trong quá khứ )
( didn’t use to + V1 / Did + S + use to + V1?)

Ex : He used to smoke a lot of cigarette.
c. Use + noun : dùng

Ex : I have used this book for many years.

d. Be used for + Ving / be used to + V1 : được dùng để ( công dụng của một vật )

Ex : Money is used for buying and selling goods. = Money is used to buy and sell goods.
4. WISH CLAUSES

Ex: I wish I would fly to Hanoi tomorrow.

She wish she had enough time to study now.

They wish they had come to the party last night.

8. CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

Loại Main clauses If clause

1. Điều kiện có thể xảy ra ở tương lai Simple present

(hiện tại đơn) will/shall … + V1

2. Điều kiện không thể xảy ra ở hiện tại Simple past (Quá khứ đơn )

(be  were ) would /should /… + V1

3. Điều kiện không thể xảy ra ở quá khứ Past perfect (Quá khứ hoàn thành )

would/should… + have + V3/V-ed

Note: 1. Unless = If … not ( nếu không, trừ phi)

Ex :Unless it rains, we will go to the movies = If it doesn’t rain, we will go to the movies

Unless they attended class regularly, they couldn’t understand the lesson = If they didn’t attend class regularly,

they couldn’t understand the lesson

2. As long as / provided / providing (that) : với điều kiện là
Ex: You can borrow my book as long as you use it carefully.
 You can play providing (that) you don’t make so much noise.
 3. Suppose, supposing: giả sử

Ex: Supposing you won a lot of money, what would you do?
4. In case: phòng khi, trong trường hợp

Ex: Take an umbrella with you in case it rains.

5. PASSIVE VOICE
Ex:

Active: Mr. Smith taught English.

Passive: English was taught by Mr. Smith.

BẢNG TĨM TẮT CÁC THÌ Ở BỊ ĐỘNG

TENSE ( Thì ) ACTIVE ( Câu chủ động ) PASSIVE ( Câu bị động )

1. Simple present ( Hiện tại đơn ) S + Verb ( s / es ) S + am / is / are + V3 / V-ed
2. Present continuous ( HTTD ) S + am / is / are + V-ing S + am /is /are + being + V3 /V-ed
3. Simple past (Quá khứ đơn ) S + V2 / V-ed S + was / were + V3 / V-ed
4. Past continuous ( QKTD ) S + was / were + V-ing S + was / were + being + V3 / V-ed
5. Present perfect ( HTHT ) S + have / has + V3 / V-ed S + have / has + been + V3 / V-ed
6. Modal verbs

7. Past perfect (QKHT)

S + will/shall/can/could/must…+ V3 /
V-ed

S + have/has/ought to + V1…
S + had + V3/ Ved

S + will/shall/can/could/must+ be + V3/V-ed
S + have/has/ought to + be + V3/V-ed…
S + had + been + V3/ Ved

1. Mong ước không thể xảy ra ở tương lai: WOULD + V1

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Câu chủ động :

Câu bị động :

Ex : 1. People believe that 13 is an unlucky number
 It is believed that 13 is an unlucky number
 13 is believed to be an unlucky number

2. They know that the prisoner escaped from the jail.
 It is known that the prisoner escaped from the jail.
 The prisoner is known to have escaped from the jail.
2. Bị động ở thể truyền khuyến

Model 1 : 
Câu chủ động :

Câu bị động :

Ex : I had the garage repair my car 
 I had my car repaired by the garage
Model 2 :

Câu chủ động :
Câu bị động :

Ex : I get her to make some coffee.
 I get some coffee made.

6. PHRASES and CLAUSES OF PURPOSE

( Cụm từ và mệnh đề chỉ mục đích )

a. Phrases of purpose ( Cụm từ chỉ mục đích )

Ex : I learn English to study abroad. = I learn English in order to study abroad.

He got up early so as not to miss the train. = He got up early in order not to miss the train.

b. Clauses of purpose (Mệnh đề chỉ mục đích )

Ex : I’m buying some paint so that I can paint my room. = I’m buying some paint in order that I can paint my room.
7. SOME USEFUL STRUCTURES

1. MODEL 1

BECAUSE / SINCE / AS + CLAUSE

Ex: a. Because she behaves well, everybody loves her.= Because of her good behavior, everybody loves her.

BECAUSE OF / DUE TO + NOUN / NOUN PHRASE / GERUNDS

To–infinitive

In order (not) to / so as (not ) to + V1

So that

+ S + modal verbs + V1
 ( will / would / can /could… )

In order that

People / they + V1 (consider/ know / believe/ say /…) + …that + S + V2 + …
It + is / was + past participle (V1) + that + S + V2 +…

to infinitive …. (khi V2 ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai)

S + be + past participle (V1) +

to have + V3/V-ed …. (khi V2 ở quá khứ)

S + have + Object ( người ) + V-bare infinitive + Object (Vật)
S + have + Object ( vật ) + V3 /Ved + by O (người)

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2. MODEL 2

Ex Although it rains, we go to school on time. = Despite / In spite of the rain, we go to school on time.
3. MODEL 3

Ex: I find it hard to live on my salary.
I think it a good thing to be accurate
4. MODEL 4

: (Ai) mất (thời gian) bao lâu để làm gì
Ex: It takes me half an hour to ride to school.

5. CLASUES OF RESULT

Ex: 1. The box was too heavy for the children to carry.
2. This question is enough easy for us to answer.

3. She ran so fast that they couldn’t catch her.

4. It was such a heavy box that the children couldn’t carry it.

8. THE PRONUNCIATION Of THE ENDINGS: -S/ES and -ED
A. Cách phát âm đuôi S/ES của động từ ngôi thứ ba số ít, danh từ số nhiều, và sở hữu cách.

 Đäc lµ /S/ nÕu sau tõ tËn cïng bằng các âm nh /k/, /p/, /f/, //,/t/.

Plural nouns 3rd – singular verbs Possessives

/p/
/t/
/f/
/k/
/θ/
maps /mæps/
cats / kæts /
laughs / lɑ:fs /
books / buks /
lengths / leηθs /

stops / stops/
calculates /'kælkjuleits/
laughs / la:fs /
attacks / ə'tæks /

Janet’s / zænets/
Cliff’s / klifs/
Frank’s / frỉηks/

Gareth’s / gareθs /

 Đäc lµ /IZ/ sau các từ tận cùng bằng âm /ks/, //, /t∫/, /s/ , /dʒ/, /ʒ/, /z/.

Plural nouns 3rd – singular verbs Possessives

/s/
/ks/
/ ∫ /
/t∫/
/ʒ/
/dʒ/
/z/
glasses
boxes
wishes
churches
garages
pages
bruises
misses
mixes
washes
matches
massages
stages
rises
Bruce’s
Felix’s
Trish’s

Gooch’s
Solange’s
Gorge’s
Rose’s
 äc lµ Đ /Z/ sau các từ tận cùng bằng các phụ âm còn lại, và tất cả các nguyên âm.

Plural nouns 3rd – singular verbs Possessives

/b/
/v/
/d/
/g/
/l/
/m/
/n/
/η/
cubs
caves
beds
eggs
hills
rooms
pens
rings
robs
lives
reads
digs
fills
comes

learns
brings
Bob’s
Olive’s
Donald’s
Peg’s
Daniel’s
Tom’s
Jane’s
King’s

ALTHOUGH / THOUGH / EVEN THOUGH + CLAUSE

DESPITE / IN SPITE OF + NOUN / NOUN PHRASE / GERUNDS

S + V + too + adj/adv + ( for + O ) + to infinitive
S + V + adj / adv + enough + ( for + O ) + to infinitive
S + V + enough + noun + to-inf / for something
S + V + so + adj / adv

S + V + so +much / many + noun + THAT + CLAUSE
S + V + such ( a /an) + adj +noun

S + V + such + a lot of + noun

S + V (find/consider/believe/make . . .) + it + ADJ / NOUN + TO–inf

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B. Cách phát âm đi ED của động từ có quy tc.

ọc là /id/ sau từ tận cùng bằng âm /d/ hc /t/.

need – needed decide – decided want – wanted start – started
 Đäc lµ /t/ sau tõ tËn cïng b»ng ©m /k/, /p/, /f/, /s/, /∫/, /t∫/, /θ/, /ks/

wash – washed book – booked stop – stopped watch – watched fax – faxed....
 ọc là /d/ sau từ tận cùng bằng các âm còn lại.

play – played plan – planned offer – offered bathe – bathed call – called borrow – borrowed

* Các tính từ tận cùng bằng ED thì đuôi ED cũng đợc phát âm nh cách phát âm của động từ có quy tắc. Tuy nhiên, một số tính từ cổ tận 
cùng bằng -ed, hoặc một số trạng từ tận cùng bằng -edly, thì -ed đợc phát âm là /id/.

Adjectives:

/id/ naked : kháa th©n crooked : cong, o»n ragged : nhµu, cịwretched : khèn khỉ
rugged : gå ghề learned : uyên bác

Adverbs:

/id/ deservedly : xứng đáng supposedly: cho là markedly : một cách rõ ràng, đáng chú ý allegedly : cho rằng
9. SUBJECT and VERB AGREEMENT:( Sửù hoà hụùp giửừa chuỷ ngửừ vaứ ủoọng tửứ )

1. Những trường hợp động từ chia số ít:

a. Hai chủ ngữ gồm nhiều danh từ nối với nhau bằng “ and “ nhưng chỉ cùng một người một vật. 
Ex: My old friend and colleague, John, has just got married.

b. Chủ ngữ là từ chỉ số lượng về tiền bạc, thời gian, khoảng cách, trọng lượng.
Ex: Ten dollars is not enough.

Three years in a strange land seems like a long time.

c. Chủ ngữ là những đại từ bất định: each(of), every(of), any (+ one, thing, body), some (+ one, thing, body), no (+ one, thing,
body), one of, either of, neither of, the number of .…

Ex: If anyone calls, tell him I’ll call back later.
Each of the boys has a bicycle.

d. Chủ ngữ là một mệnh đề, danh động từ, động từ nguyên mẫu:
Ex: That he failed the exam makes his parents sad.

Walking is good for health.
To live is to struggle.

e. Chủ ngữ là nhóm từ, câu trích, tựa sách
Ex: “War and peace” is a masterpiece by Toilstoi.

“We shall overcome” becomes international progressive slogan.

Notes : Chủ ngữ là danh từ có hình thức số nhiều nhưng thực tế chúng là những danh từ số ít

 Mơn học, : mathematics (tốn), physics (lý), economics (kinh tế), politics (chính trị), linguistics (ngơn ngữ ), phonetics
(ngữ âm ), athletics (điền kinh), statistics (thống kê)

 Bệnh tật : mumps (quai bị), measles (sởi), rickets (còi xương)

 Địa danh : Wales, The United States, The United Nations, The Phillipines…
  Danh từ khác: news (tin tức), innings (hiệp đấu), billiards (bi da),

2. Những trường hợp động từ chia số nhiều:

a. Chủ ngữ gồm nhiều danh từ chỉ nhiều người hay nhiều vật:
Ex: John and Joe are roommate in this school-year.

b. Chủ ngữ là những danh từ có hình thức số nhiều: glasses, jeans, pants, trousers, scissors, pyjamas, shorts…
Ex: My trousers are torn.

c. Chủ ngữ là những đại từ hoặc cụm từ: several, both, both…and, many, few, some, all, a number of.
Ex: Several of the students were absent yesterday.

Both are good.

d. Chủ ngữ là danh từ đươc thành lạp bỡi mạo từ THE + Adjective: the blind, the rich, the poor…
Ex: The poor living here need help.

Notes: Một số danh từ có hình thức số ít nhưng động từ chia số nhiều: people, police, cattle (gia súc), public (công chúng), clergy
(mục sư), gentry (tiêu đề, đề mục).

Ex: The police are coming.

3. Những trường hợp động từ chia số ít hoặc số nhiều tuỳ theo trường hợp:
a. Khi chủ ngữ là một cụm từ:

Ex: The first two parts of experiment take the most time.

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c. Chủ ngữ đi với : with, as well as, along with, together with , in addition to, accompanied by … động từ hoà hợp với chủ ngữ đầu
tiên.Ex: John, as well as my other classmates, passes the exam.

d. Sau chủ ngữ giả: “there”, động từ tuỳ vào chủ ngữ chính hoặc chủ ngữ gần nhất :
Ex: There is a desk in the room.

There are at least several players the ball.

e. Danh từ tổng hợp: family, group, committee (uỷ ban), team, crowd, parliament (quốc hội), public (công chúng)
Ex: The family have agreed among themselves to move to another town.

The family is the basic unit of our society.

f. Chủ ngữ là các đại từ quan hệ “ who, which, that “ thì động từ sẽ hồ hợp với danh từ đứng trước đại từ đó
Ex: She is one of the girls who are very kind.

You are the person who is wanted by the police.

10. REPORTED SPEECH (Câu tường thuật)
Muốn đổi từ câu trực tiếp sang câu nĩi gián tiếp phải chú ý đến :

- Đại từ nhân xưng cần phải thay đổi cho phù hợp
- Các thì và trạng từ

Ḿn đởi 1 câu nói từ Direct speech sang reported speech chúng ta phải tuân thủ nguyên tắc sau:
1.Xác định câu tường thuật loại nào

2.Sử dụng động từ tường thuật: say, tell, ask, promise, want, advice , agree, remind, invite, warn, answer,exclaim, suggest, reply,
reflect, suppose, grunt, snarl, hiss, whisper(chú ý động từ thuật ở quá khứ thì ta hay đổi thì(lùi thì), các đại từ cho phù hợp với chủ
ngữ ban đầu,các trạng từ như thời gian và nơi chốn )ta phải chuyển cho phù hợp với bảng dưới đây :

Đại từ chủ từ Đại từ túc từ Tính từ sở hữu Đại từ sở hữu Đại từ phản thân

I Me My mine myself

He him His his himself

She Her Her hers herself

You You Your yours Yourself ,yourselves

We Us Our ours ourselves

They Them Their theirs Themselves

Note : Nếu động từ tường thuật ở hiện tại thì ta chỉ thay đổi các đại từ
3.Ta bỏ dấu phẩy và dấu ngoặc kép

4.Thay đổi thì của động từ
5.Thay đổi ngôi, số của đại từ

6.Thay đổi tính từ sở hữu, đại từ sở hữu, đại từ phản thân
7.Thay đổi trạng từ chỉ thời gian

8.Thay đổi trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn
Quy taéc đổi thì và trạng từ :
Thì và

trạng từ Direct speech Reported speech

1. Thì

a. Simple present : S + V (s / es)

b. Present continuous: S + am / is /are + V-ing
c. Past simple : S + V2 / V-ed

d. Past continuous: S + was / were + V-ing 
e. Present perfect: S + have / has + V3/V-ed

f. P. Perfect continuous: S + have / has been + V-ing
g. Must / have to

h. Can / May / Will / Shall

a. Past simple : S + V2 / V-ed

b. Past continuous: S + was/were + V-ing
c. Past perfect : S + had + V3 / V-ed

d. Past perfect continuous : S + had been + V-ing
e. Past perfect : S + had + V3 / V-ed

f. Past perfect continuous : S + had been + V-ing
g. Had to

h. Could / Might / Would / Should
2. Traïng

từ

a. Now
b. Today
c. Tonight

d. Tomorrow
e. Yesterday
f. Last night
g. Ago
h. Here
i. This / These

a. Then
b. That day
c. That night

d. The next day / the following day
e. The day before

f. The night before
g. Before

h. There
i. That / Those
A. STATEMENTS (Caâu phát biểu)

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thì

Nếu động từ tường thuật ở quá khứ (said / told)  thì động từ trong mệnh đề tường thuật phải lùi một thì.
B. QUESTIONS (Câu hỏi )

1. YES / NO questions

Ex: She said , “ Are you thirsty , Peter ? “.  She asked Peter if (whether) he was thirsty.

He asked me, “Did you go to school yesterday ?“ He asked me if (whether) I had gone to school the 
day before

2. WH – QUESTIONS

Ex: He asked , “ What have you got in your bag ?”  He asked (me) what I had got in my bag
 He said , “ Mary , when is the next train ? “  He asked Mary when the next train was
C. IMPERATIVE (Mệnh lệnh)

1. AFFIRMATIVE (khẳng định)

Ex : “ Stay in bed for a few days.” The doctor said to me  The doctor told me to stay in bed for a few days
2. NEGATIVE (Phủ định)

Ex : “ Don’t wait,” he said to me  He asked me not to wait

“ Never do that again ,” she said to her son  She told her son never to do that
Các loại câu gián tiếp:

A. STATEMENTS : Ex 1 : “ She is going to America for six months” 
 They say ( that) she is going to America for six months

“ I went home early”
 She told me she had gone home early

Note: Nếu động từ tường thuật ở thì hiện tại (say) động từ trong mệnh đề tường thuật khơng có sự thay 
đổi về thì

Nếu động từ tường thuật ở quá khứ (said / told)  thì động từ trong mệnh đề tường thuật phải lùi một thì.
B. QUESTIONS

1. YES / NO questions

Ex: She said , “ Are you thirsty , Peter ? “.  She asked Peter if (whether) he was thirsty.

He asked me, “Did you go to school yesterday ?“ He asked me if (whether) I had gone to school the 
day before

2. WH – QUESTIONS

1. AFFIRMATIVE (khẳng định)

Ex : “ Stay in bed for a few days.” The doctor said to me  The doctor told me to stay in bed for a few days
2. NEGATIVE (Phủ định)

Ex : “ Don’t wait,” he said to me  He asked me not to wait

“ Never do that again ,” she said to her son  She told her son never to do that
C¸ch dïng kh¸c:

1. Let’s + V0 …. // Why don’t we + V1 ….. // What about + Ving ….
→ S + suggested + Ving ……

Ex: He said, “Let’s have a drink.” → He suggested having a drink.

Timmy said, “ Why don’t we go on a picnic” → Timmy suggested going on a picnic.

2. Why don’t you + V1 ………. ? // S + should + V0 …………..

→ S + advised + O + to + V0

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No, let’s not do → be against the idea.
Eg: “Let’s eat out tonight” said the mother

“Yes, let’s” said the son
“No, let’s not” said the father

→ The mother suggested eating out that night and the son agreed but the father was against the idea.
 Các trờng hợp khơng đổi thì

a) khi động từ tờng thuật và động từ chính cùng thì.

Ex: My mother says to me, “you are my little pet.”
→ My mother tells me that I am her little pet.

b) Sù thËt hiĨn nhiªn

Ex: Galileo said, “ The earth goes around the sun.”
→ Galileo said (that) the earth goes around the sun.

c) Thì quá khứ đơn nêu rõ thời gian cụ thể.

Ex: Tom said to me, “ My grandfather died in 1990.”
→ Tom told me that his grandfather died in 1990.
d) Câu điều kiện loại 2,3 và cấu trúc used to”:

Ex: “ If I had much money, I would have travel around the world.” Said the boy.

→ The boy said if he had much money he would travel around the world.
11. WH- QUESTIONS :

Who, Where, Why, What, Whose, How, How many,How much,how long how far, how often ,how 
deep,how old, what about, for what,what kind of …(music), which, which one, … Những từ này ta gọi là 
WH- Questions:

WH- Questions+ 1.BE + S ?

2.DO/DOES/DID + S + V1?

3.AM/IS/ARE/WAS/WERE + S + V-ing ?
 4.HAVE/HAS/ HAD + S + V-ed,3 ?

5. WIL/SHALL/CAN/MAY/WOULD/SHOULD/COULD/MIGHT + S + V1 ? 
1. He bought Vietnamese – English dictionary and --- (give) it to me.

2. The coffee was alright, but the cream --- (be) sour.

3. He has a piano and a violin, but he --- (not have) a flute.
4. He says that he --- (arrive) on time yesterday.

5. She says that she --- (arrive) on time tomorrow.
6. I think that Victor --- (be) late.

7. He said that he --- (graduate) from University in 1991.
8. We thought they --- (move) to California.

9. The teacher said that water --- (consist) of hydrogen and oxygen.
10. I --- (be) there when you arrive.

11. They were still waiting when I --- (get) there.
12. He has worked very hard since he --- (be) here.
13. We had just come in when you --- (call).

14. We have already gone before you --- (get) back.
15. We decided to go home because it --- (be) very late.
16. We have been very busy while they --- (be) here.
17. I haven’t seen him since he ---(arrive).

18. The teacher gave us so many assignments, that we --- (can not) go to the concert.
19. It was such a beautiful day that I --- (feel) like talking a walk.

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Main clause Adverbial clause of time
 2. We have written to each other since we left high school.
 Main clause Adverbial clause of time
 3. As soon as he finishes his work, he goes home.
 Adverbial clause of time Main clause
 4. When I see him tomorrow, I’ll give him your address.
 Adverbial clause of time Main clause

The summary about sequence of tenses in the adverbial clauses of time:

Main clause Adverbial clause of time
1. Present simple/future simple

2. Present continuous

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6. Past continuous
7. Past perfect

8. Past simple

Past simple
Past simple
Past perfect

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3. Be acceptable to= có thể chấp nhận
4. Be accustomed to = quen

5. Be afraid of = sợ

6. Be agreeable to= phù hợp
7. Be amazed at = ngạc nhiên
8. Be amused at = vui

9. Be angry at (sth) = giaän về việc gì
10. Be angry with (sb) = giận ai
11. Be ashamed of = hổ thẹn về
12. Be available for

13. Be aware of = nhận thức được
14. Be acquainted with = quen với
15. Be bored with = buồn, chán nản
16. Be busy with = bận roan
17. Be capable of = có thể
18. Be close to = gần 
19. Be compared with = so với

20. Be convenient for = thuận tiện cho ai
21. Be concerned with = có liên quan

22. Be confident of = tin tưởng
23. Be contrary to = trái ngược (với)
24. Be covered with = bị che phủ
25. Be crowded with = đông đúc với
26. Be cruel to = độc ác với

27. Be delighted at = vui thích

30. Be disappointed with = thất vọng về
31. Be excited about = hào hứng
32. Be engaged to= đính hơn với
33. Be familiar with = quen với
34. Be famous for = nổi tiếng về
35. Be far from = xa với

36. Be fed up with= chán
37. Be fond of = thích

38. Be friendly with= thân thiện với
39. Be frightened of= Sơ

40. Be full of = no, đầy
41. Be good at = giỏi mơn gì
42. Be good for = tốt cho

43. Be happy with = sung sướng về
44. Be harmful to= có hại

45. Be helpful to = có ích lợi cho
46. Be interesting in = thích

47. Be important to- quan trọng
48. Be jealous of = ganh tị về
49. Be kind to = tốt với ai
50. Be late for = trễ
51. Be lucky to = may mắn

52. Be looking forward to = trông chờ
53. Be made from = được sx khơng thay

đổi chất liệu

liệu

56. Be married to = kết hôn với
57. Be nice to = tốt với ai
58. Be open to = mở ra

59. Be pleased with = hài lòng với
60. Be pleasant to = cởi mở (với)
61. Be polite to = lễ phép
62. Be popular with = phổ biến

63. Be presented with = được trao tặng 
với

64. Be proud of = tự hào về
65. Be rude to = thô lỗ với
66. Be rich in = giàu về
67. Be safe from

68. Be satisfied with = thoả mãn
69. Be scared of = e dè, sợ
70. Be similar to = tương tự với
71. Be successful in= Thành công
72. Be sure of = chắc chắn
73. Be surprised at = ngạc nhiên
74. Be tired of = mệt mỏi, chán
75. Be useful for =hữu dụng để
76. Be worried about = lo lắng về
77. Be wrong with = said với
B. VERB + PREPOSITION

1. account for = là nguyên nhân
2. add sth to sth = thêm cái gì vào cái gì
3. agree with = đồng ý

4. amount of = số lượng lớn

5. arrive at + nơi chốn = đến (nơi nhỏ, 
không tên)

6. arrive in + địa danh = đến (nơi lớn có
tên riêng)

7. ask for = xin
8. be on = chiếu phim
9. base on = dựa vào
10. believe in = tin tưởng
11. blow away = cuốn đi

12. borrow sth from = mượn từ ai
13. break down = hỏng máy
14. break out = bùng nổ
15. bring back = mang trở lại

16. buy sth for someone:mua caùi gì cho 
ai

17. care about = quan tâm về

18. hange sth into sth = đổi cái gì thành 
cái gì

19. check in = đăng kí

20. check up = kiểm tra, khám
21. clear up = làm sạch, dọn sạch
22. come back = trở về

23. come in = vaøo

24. compare with = so sánh với
25. complain about = than phiền về
26. cook meals for s.o: nấu bữa ăn cho ai
27. concentrate on = tập trung

28. consist of = bao gồm
29. cut down = đốn xuống
30. depend on = phụ thuộc vào
31. devide into = phân chia thành

32. devote to = cống hiến cho
33. die for = chết vì (ai)
34. die of = chết vì (bệnh)
35. end up = chấm dứt, kết thúc
36. even up = san bằng

37. fall down = rôi xuoáng

38. fall in love with s.o = yêu một người 
nào đó

39. fill out = diễn ra

40. find sth for s.o = tìm cái gì cho ai
41. find out = tìm ra

42. flow across = chảy ngang qua
43. fly to somewhere = bay đến đâu
44. follow someone to somewhere = theo

sau ai đến đâu

45. get out of = thoát khỏi, đi ra
46. get over = khắc phục
47. get up = thức dậy

48. give up = từ bỏ

49. glad to+V = vui mừng làm gì
50. go for a swim = đi bơi

51. go for a walk = đi tản bộ
52. go on = xảy ra, tiếp tục
53. go on a trip = đi du lịch
54. go on a vacation = đi nghỉ
55. go out

56. go up = gia taêng, ñi lên
57. grow up

58. happen to = xaûy ra
59. hear about (of) = nghe veà

60. help someone with sth = giúp ai với 
61. help sb out = giúp đỡ

62. hundred of = hàng trăm 
63. insist on = nhấn maïnh

64. interact with = ảnh hưởng, tác dụng
65. join in = tham gia vào

66. keep s.o awake = làm ai thức giấc
67. keep someone away = tránh xa ai
68. knock on = gõ (cửa)

69. laugh at = chọc ghẹo

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76. live on = sống nhờ vào

77. live with somebody = sống với ai

78. look after = chăm sóc

79. look at =nhìn ngắm
80. look for = tìm kiếm
81. look out = cẩn thận
82. look up = tra từ điển

83. look forward to = trơng chờ ai, cái gì
84. love for = tình yêu dành cho

85. make sth for s.o: làm, may cái gì cho
ai

86. millions of = hàng triệu

87. nice to +V = tốt, tuyệt để làm gì
88. object to = phản đối

89. open to = mở cửa cho
90. participate in = tham gia
91. pick someone up = rước ai
92. plenty of = nhiều, phong phú
93. prepare for = chuẩn bị cho
94. pull out = lơi ra

95. put into = đặt cái gì vào trong
96. put sth on = mặc vào

97. put out = làm tắt, dập tắt
98. put sth off = hoãn lại

99. queue up = xếp hàng

100. receive sth from someone = nhận 
cái gì từ ai

103. run off = chảy

104. sell sth to s.o = bán cái gì cho ai
105. send sth to s.o = gửi cái gì cho ai
106. send sth from somewhere = gửi

cái gì từ đâu

107. separate sth from = tách ra
108. speak to someone = nói chuyện

với ai

109. spend + time (money) on= dùng 
thời gian (tiền vào)

110. succeed in = thành công
111. suck up = nịnh hót
112. suffer from = đau đớn 
113. suitable for = thích hợp cho
114. sum up = tóm lại, tóm tắt
115. take off = cất cánh
116. take sth off = cởi ra

117. take sb out = đưa ai ra ngoài

118. take over = đảm nhận
119. take care of = chăm sóc
120. take after = Giống

121. take part in = tham gia vào
122. take s.o to somewhere = dẫn ai đi

đâu

123. talk about = nói về cái gì
124. talk to/with = nói với ai

126. thanks for sth = cám ơn ai về cái 
gì

127. thanks to sth/sb = nhờ có cái gì/ai
128. the number of = một số lượng lớn
129. think about = nghĩ về

130. think of = nghĩ về
131. thousands of = hàng ngàn
132. try sth on = thử

133. turn off = tắt (máy)
134. turn on = mở (máy)
135. turn sth down
136. turn up = mở to lên
137. wait for = đợi cờ
138. wake up = thức dậy

139. walk along = đi bộ dọc theo
140. walk into = đi bộ vào
141. walk up = đi bộ lên
142. wash up = rửa chén, giặt
143. wear out = tưa ra, rách ra
144. work for s.o = làm việc cho ai
145. work with s.o = làm việc với ai
146. worry about = lo lắng về
147. write for = viết cho toà báo
148. write to someone = viết cho ai
149. stay away from = tránh xa
150. stay up late = thức khuya
151. stay with sb = ở với ai
C. USEFUL EXPRESSIONS

1. Above all: trên hết
2. According to: Theo
3. At first: lúc đầu
4. At last : cuối cùng
5. At least: tối thiểu
6. At the moment: bây giờ
7. At once: ngay lập tức
8. Out of work: thất nghiệp
9. Out of order: mất trật tự
10. Out of date: lỗi thời
11. for example: ví dụ như
12. In favour of: thiên về
13. In love: đang yêu
14. In a hurry: vội vã
15. In addition to: ngoài ra

16. In particular: đặc biệt là
17. Instead of: thay vì
18. In view of: xem xét
19. for instance: ví dụ như
20. On business: đang cơng tác
21. On duty: đang trực

22. On foot: (đi) bộ
23. On the contrary: trái lại
24. On the spot: ngay lập tức
25. On the whole: nói chung
26. On holiday: nghỉ mát

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PHẦN THỰC HÀNH
Dạng 1: Khơng lùi thì

Exercise 1 Write the following sentences into indirect speech. (Viết các câu sau sang câu tường thuật gián tiếp)

Example: “I haven’t done my homework”, she says She says (that) she hasn’t done her home work.

“I haven’t got any money”, he tells me He tells me (that) he hasn’t got any money.

1 “I have seen the film before.”, she says...
2 “I want to go home.”, he has told you...
3 “ I haven’t meet my parents for years.”, he says...
4 “ I don’t know how much it cost.”, he tells her...
5 “I will come next year.”, he tell me...
6 “I’m reading a book.” Simon says...
7 I need some money to buy a book.” , Mary tell Peter...
8 “I can’t come on Tuesday.” they have told me. ...

9 “Mary will come soon”, john tells me...
10 “We haven’t eaten anything” the children say...
Dạng 2: Lùi thì

Exercise 2 Write the following sentences into indirect speech. (Viết các câu sau sang câu tường thuật gián tiếp)

Example: “My name is Lan”, she said...
“I am writing a letter”, he told me...

1 “I am waiting for john.” She said...
2 “I don’t like the idea.”, he said...
3 “The car isn’t at my house.”, she told me...
4 “We have cleaned the room.”, they said...
5 “We are worried about Peter.”, they told me...
6 “I am going to the cinema.’, she said...
7 “I saw her today”, he said...
8 “I will see you tomorrow”, he told me...
9 “They were here three months ago.” he said...
10 “We visited her this morning.”, they said...
11 “My parents are arriving tomorrow.” she said...
12 “I don’t like this film.” She said...
13 “Peter and Mary are getting married tomorrow.” she said...
14 “Daisy is doing her homework.” Mai said...
15 “I met her three hours ago.” Tam told me...
16 She said, “I can’t find my umbrella”

17 They said, “We are learning English now” ...
18 “My friend is coming next week”, Tom said. ...
19 “ I’ll help my mum with housework this weekend” He said ...
20 “We shall overcome this difficulty”, they said ...

21 “ My father is a doctor here”, my friend said ...
22 “I am going on holiday tomorrow”, the boy said to his neighbor....
23 “ You will have to finish all these exercises before next week”, the teacher said to his students...
24 “I came back here early yesterday,” she said....

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25 “ I’ve broken the vase,” she said ...
26 “I will never see you again,” the boy said to the girl....
27 He said to her, “You are my friend.”...
28 Johnny said to his mother, “I don’t know how to do this exercise.”...
29 “We are waiting for the school bus”, said the children. ...
30 Marry said, “My father died a year ago”....
31 John said, “I have finished studying my lesson”....
32 Mary said, “I can not go to the movies with you, John”....
33 “I shall expect to see you next Wednesday.” Mary said to her friend. ...
34 She said, “I went to the doctor yesterday.” ...
35 He said, “I have a toothache.” ...
36 She said, “I’ll write him a prescription.” ...
37 They said, “We’re going to the drugstore.” ...
38 He said, “The doctor gave me some pills.” ...
39 She said, “I go to the supermarket every day.” ...
40 He said, “I have received the envelope.” ...
41 They said, “We visited Cannery Row.” ...
42 She said, “I feel very sick.” ...
43 He said, “I bought some popcorn.” ...
44 They said, “We’re flying to California.” ...
45 He said, “I’m cutting off the main valve.” ...
46 “My uncle will not plant the vegetables tomorrow afternoon”, she said. ...
47 “Mr. and Mrs. Pike have just read these newspapers”, Nga said. ...
48 She said, “I often listen to music at night.” ...
49 Lan’s mother said, “My daughter usually brushes her teeth before meals.” ...

50 They said, “We have to do the assignments now.” ...
51 Lan says, “My sister seldom rides a bike to school.” ...
52 They said, “Our teacher sometimes explains the difficult lesson.” ...
53 Nam said, “I am doing my homework now.” ...
54 "Our teacher will go to Leipzig tomorrow." Emily said. ...
55 "I was writing a letter yesterday." Helen told me. ...
56 "My father flew to Dallas last year." Robert told me. ...
57 "Tim went to the stadium an hour ago." Lisa said. ...
58 "My mother will celebrate her birthday next weekend." Patricia said. ...
59 "I am going to read a book this week." Michael said to me. ...
60 "We will do our best in the exams tomorrow." Jason and Victoria told me. ...
61 "We didn't eat fish two days ago." Andrew remarked. ...
62 "I spent all my pocket money on Monday." Alice said. ...
63 "John had already gone at six." David said. ...
64 "Mandy is at home." John said. ...
65 "Frank often reads a book." Max told me. ...
66 "I'm watching TV." Susan said to me. ...
67 "I am going to ride a skateboard." Richard said to me. ...
68 "We have cleaned the windows." Stephen and Claire said. ...
69 "I didn't have time to do my homework." Richard told me. ...
70 "My mother will be 50 years old." Mrs. Jones told me. ...
71 Nam said “I am told to be at school before 7 o’clock” ...
72 Thu said “All the students will have a meeting next week” ...
73 Phong said “My parents are very proud of my good marks” ...
74 Her father said to her “You can go to the movie with your friend” ...

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75. The boys said “We have to try our best to win the match” 

Exercise 3: Write the following sentences into indirect speech 1. “I’ll see you tomorrow”, she said  He said
2. “ I saw her on my way to school yesterday”, he said  He said

3. He said, “I’ll leave here tomorrow”.  He said
4. Mary told me, “I saw them at this place”  Mary told
5. “I met her about 3 months ago”, he said  He told me
6. “I’m trying to listen to the music”, she said  She said

7. “I must go out to post this letter now, Mum”, he said  He told
8. “I can’t speak any foreign languages”, he said 

9. “What did you do yesterday?”, the wife asked.  The wife asked

10. “Do you like watching detective stories?”, my sister asked me.  My sister asked

11. My girlfriend said to me, “My younger brother is studying medicine at Can Tho University.”
12. “I didn’t send any letter by e-mail,” said Tom.

13. The teacher said, “ Some students don’t like homework.”
14. “I haven’t seen my uncle since last year,” said Harry.
15. I said to the nurse, “You haven’t given me any medicine.”

16. The gardener said to the children, “You are allowed to pick the flowers.”
17. I told the taxi driver, “You are driving too quickly right now”.

18. My friend said, “I lived in the country for two years before I moved here.”
19. “The country will develop greatly in the next twenty years,” my father predicted.
20. Many people died after the earthquake last night,” the report said. “

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I. Make questions for the underlined words / phrases in the following sentences . (Đặt câu hỏi với những từ 
hoặc cụm từ được gạch dưới trong các câu sau đây )Chú ý câu nào gạch dưới 2 gạch thì đặt câu hỏi 2 câu .
1. Tom will captain the team if Nick isn’t available .

--- .
2.I often listen to classical music to relax my mind .

--- .
--- .
3. My sister is a teacher .

--- .
4. The meeting lasted five hours .

--- .
5. We prefer pop music to classical .

--- .
6. There are about 200 to 350 people at the concert every day .

--- .
--- .
7. I passed Tom’s house early in the morning .

--- .
--- .
8. The concert last night was great .

--- .
9. We take a holiday once a year .

--- .
10 . My address is 305 Lê L ợ i Street .

--- .
11. The film “Harry Potter” is on at 8: 00.

--- .
12. I’m going to play table tennis this morning.

--- .
13. She lives downstairs .

--- .
14. They bought new fishing rods yesterday.

--- .
15. He worked with deaf – mutes .

--- .
16. My sister speaks English fluently .

--- .
17. I often go shopping once a week .

--- .
18. I have studied E for 5 years .

--- .
19. He was absent from school because he felt sick .

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--- .
20 . Mr Dawson enjoys swimming .

--- .
21. She’s got three sisters and a brother .

--- .
22. I spend my free time reading and listening to music .

--- .
23. I’m staying in a hotel in town .

--- .
24. Most of us listen to music for pleasure .

--- .
25. She stays home and watches T.V every evening .

--- .
26. She gets up at six o’clock .

--- .
27. I’ll send my brother the books next week .

--- .
--- .
28. My sister gave me a gift for my birthday .

--- .
--- .
29. She was cooking in the kitchen .

--- .
30. He’s told her classmate the news .

--- .
31. Nobody put this pen here .

--- .
--- .
32. My sister broke these glasses but someone brought it .

--- .
33. She’s never been to London for 3 years .

--- .
--- .
34. She’s got three children .

--- .
35. Nam and me sometimes go to the zoo .

--- .
--- .
36. I like pop music very much .

--- .
--- .
37. I arrived last night.

--- .
38. I’m learning English b/c I want to get a new job.

--- .
39. I’ve got three sisters and a brother.

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--- .
40. I spend my free time reading and listening to music

--- .
41/ My sister is thirty years .

--- .
42/ it is about 4km from here to Ho Chi Minh city?

--- .
43/he is going to DL tomorrow .

--- .
44/ My aunt is talking to Tom.

--- .
45/ I am tired now.

--- .
46/ My brother’s Mary is an artist .

--- .
47/He goes out for a walk to relax.

--- .
48/ Linda want to go to work on foot.

--- .
49/ That book is Mark’s .

--- .
50/ Those shirts are yellow.

--- .
51/ she always does two exercises every morning .

--- .
52/ There is a pen on the table .

--- .
--- .
53/ It’s me .

--- .
54/ I was born in 1993.

--- .
55/ Tom was at the park yesterday.

--- .
56/ My uncle went to Hanoi by bus last week .

--- .
57/ It is hot in summer.

--- .

58/ Miss Young has dinner at 6:30 p.m.

--- .
59/ there are 45 pupils in my class.

--- .
60/ I was at home yesterday b/c I was bad ill.

--- .
61/ It’s an eraser.

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--- .
62/ My father enjoys listening to classical music .

--- .
63/ Lan left Binh Thanh last Monday.

--- .
64/ I am late for school because I miss the bus.

--- .
65/ I will do my homework tonight .

--- .
66/ Nam and my younger sister want to talk to me .

--- .
67/ He will travel to London next week.

--- .

68/ I’m a student.

--- .
69/ I spent the evening playing chess last night.

--- .
--- .
70.I often listen to music whenever I have free time .

--- .
71. Tom has bought this watch for 5 years .

--- .
--- .
72. She’s going to Britain to study English .

--- .
73. They will hold the meeting next week.

--- .
74. He’ll send me the books next week.

--- .
--- .
75. My sister sent me a gift for my birthday .

--- .
76. He handed me a magazine.

--- .

77. That teacher taught me grammar last month.

--- .
78. Mary showed me the photographs.

--- .
79. I showed Peter the picture .

--- .
80. Rock began in the USA in the early 1950’s .

--- .
81/ The teacher is explaining the lesson.

82/ My sister wants to be an artist.

--- .
83/ The cat is under the table.

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--- .
84/ These shoes are his.

--- .
85/ She phones her parents twice a week.

--- .
86/ Mr. Robertson came to the party alone.

--- .
87/ I like the red blouse(áo choàng), not the blue one.

--- .
88/ She felt better after she took a nap(giấc ngủ chợp).

--- .
89/ She talked to him for an hour.

--- .
90/ My parents have two cars.

--- .
91/ They are coming to visit tomorrow.

--- .
92/ The man with the white hat is my brother.

--- .
93/ I don’t get up early because I like to sleep late.

--- .
94/ We have an English class every day.

--- .
95/ They like to dance on weekends.

--- .
96/ The club is not far from their house.

--- .
97/ Their favorite kind of music is Latin Jazz.

--- .
98/ They are singing popular songs.

--- .
99/ The train arrived at ten o’clock.

--- .
100/ She was doing her assignment when he came.

--- .
101/ This book is 30,000 dong.

--- .
102/ They are playing catch in the school yard.

--- .
103/ Children should brush their teeth after meals .

--- .
104/ It takes me twenty minutes to go to school by bus .

--- .
105/ I would like some orange juice.

--- .
106/ This box over there is Miss young .

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--- .
107/ Liz will send these letters to her friends.

--- .
108/ Sally joined the Star Sports Club in 1995.

--- .
109/ At the Sorbonne, she studied very well.

--- .
110/ After lunch Mr. Lam immediately goes to work.

--- .
111. Alexander Graham Bell invited the telephone .

--- .
112. Marie Curie was born in Poland .

--- .
113. They demonstrated the telephone to the public .

--- .
114. They plant and water trees along the streets on weekends .

--- .
115. The film will begin at 7: 30

--- .
II. Fill in the blanks with Who, Where, Why, What, Whose, How, How many, …

1/--- old are your sister?

2/ --- far is it from here to Ho Chi Minh city?
3/ ---is he going ?

4/ ---is your aunt talking to ?
5/ --- about you?

6/ ---is his family name?

7/ ---don’t we go out for a walk ?

8/ --- does your sister want to go on foot?
9/ ---book is that ?

10/ ---color are those shirts?

11/ ---does she do in the morning ?
12/ --- is singing in the room ?
13/ --- is that? Is she Mary?
14/ --- were you born ?
15/ --- was Tom yesterday?

16/ --- does your brothers go to school? By bus.
17/ ---is the weather like in summer?

18/ ---do you go to school? At six thirty.

19/ --- people are there in your class? – There are 45.
20/ --- things are there in your living room?

22/ --- is your family name? It’s Nguyen.

23/ --- do you live ?

24/ --- do you live with? – My father.

25/ --- are you late? – Because I miss the bus.

26/ --- will you do tonight? – I will do my homework.
27/ --- will go camping next Sunday? Nam and Quang will.

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28/ --- will your father travel to Hanoi? He will travel next week.
29/ --- do you do? – I’m a student.

30/ --- is this? – It’s me.

III. Join a sentence from A with one from B to make a new sentence . Use WHICH .
A B
1.Tam failed in the final exam .

2. She won the Maths contest .
3. His mother died this morning .
4. Mai couldn’t join us .

5. Our telephone is out of order .
6. She gave us a lift .

a. This was bad news .

b. this means that we can’t contact you in a few days .
c. this made his parents very sad .

d. this was very kind of her .
e. this was a pity .

f. this surprised her classmates .
Join a sentence with WHO OR WHICH

BEGINNING

1.Do you know a shop ?

2. I was at school with the man .
3. I’d like to speak to the person .
4. The police haven’t found the man .
5. There’s some cheese in the fridge .
6. We’ve got some light bulbs.

7. This is the switch .

8. She’s got friendly with a boy .

ENDS

A. He lives next door .
B. He stole the car
C. It’s working .
D. They last for years

E. He / She deals with export .
F. He is driving that taxi .
G. It sells good coffee .

H. It needs to be eaten .
 IV. Fill each blank with WHO or WHICH :

1. The people ---live downstairs are Irish .

2. The shop --- sells that good bread is closed today .
3. The dictionary ---I bought yesterday isn’t very good .
4. Do you know the girls ---are standing by the window ?
5. I can’t find the key ---opens the window .

6. the police are looking for three men ---robbed the National Bank yesterday .
V. Combine each pair of sentences into one using WHO or WHICH :

1. The cup of coffee is on the table. You wanted it .
---.

1. I’d like to speak to the person . She wrote this poem .
---.

2. The child was ill . She didn’t come to the party .
---.
3. The letter is for me . You saw it .

---.

4. Can you pick up the papers ? They are lying on the floor .
---.

5. Yesterday I met a man . He works with your brother.
---.

6. . My phone is out of order. A. It means he can’t get about very easily.

---7. Rachel’s mother paid for the meal B. This was good for the garden.

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---8. My brother is disabled C. It’s made her very depressed

---9. You left the key in the car D. That was very kind of her

---10. Vicky didn’t get the job E. This surprised everybody

---11. The police blocked off the road F. That seemed to amuse everyone

---12. It rained all night . G . That was rather careless of you 

---13. I bought a cell phone. I can use it to send and receive e- mail

---14. My new cell phone has become a necessary part of life. I only bought it a month ago.

---15. My roommate has never been on the Internet. She is afraid of computers .

---16. Now, there are psychologists. They help technophobes use technology.

---17. A lot of people suffer from technostress. Those people work in my office .

---18. Some people dream of a job. They can do the job without technology.

---19. My stereo doesn’t work today .It worked yesterday.

---20. The man is a computer expert .You were talking to him.

---21. Some documents have been found. They were stolen from a car .

---22. Dr. Michelle Weil wrote a book about “technostress ”. She is a psychologists.

---23. He works for a computer magazine .The magazine is very popular in Mexico.

---24. Marta has a brother. Her brother’s name is Manuel.

---25. You sent me a present .Thank you very much for it .

---26. Romeo and Juliet were lovers. Their parents hated each other.

---27. This is Mrs Jones. Her son won the championship last week.

---28. I was sitting in a chair. It suddenly collapsed .

---29. This is the story of a man .His wife suddenly loses her memory.

---30. Charlie died in 1977. His films amused millions of people in the world .

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---31. Please post these letters . I wrote them this morning .

---32. The building is the church .Its tower can be seen from afar.

---33. Mai and Linh are twins (song sinh) .You meet them yesterday.

---34. I’ll introduce you to the man. His support is necessary for your project.

---35. The students will surely be successful in their exam. The students study seriously and methodically.

---36. Mary has won an Oscar. I know her sister .

---37. Is this the style of hair? Your wife wanted to have it .

---38. His girl friend turned out to be an enemy spy. He trusted her absolutely .

---39. A man brought in a small girl. Her hand had been cut.

---
40. The Smiths were given rooms in the hotel. Their house had been destroyed in the explosion.

---41. He introduced me to his students. Most of them were from abroad .

---42.. A man answered the phone .He said Tom was out .

---431. Ann is very friendly. She lives next door

………..

44. The man is a famous actor. You met him at the party last night
………

45. There are some words. They are very difficult to translate
……….

46. The sun provides us with head and light. It is one of millions stars in the universe

………..

47. Students will be punished. Their homework is late
……….

48. I was looking for a book this morning. I’ve found it now
……….

49. Is that the car? You want to buy it
………

50. Sandra works in advertising. You were talking to her
……….

51. Lake Prespas is a lonely beautiful lake. It’s on the north Greek border
………

52. The little girl ate sweets the whole way. She sat next to me on the coach
……….

53. Is Zedco a company? It was taken over last year

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……….

54. Felix Reeve is a journalist. His tape recorder was stolen
………

56. This famous picture is worth thousands of pounds. It was damaged during the car
………

57 .I don’t know the name of the woman. I spoke to her on the phone
………..

58 . We often go to visit our friends in Bristol. It is only 30 miles away
……….

59 . This is Mr. Carter. I was telling you about him
……….

60 . They’ve captured all the animals. They escaped from the zoo.
………

61. A scientist has won the Nobel Prize. He discovered a new planet
………..

62 . The rive is the Wye. It flows through Hereford
……….

63 . We climbed to the top of the tower. We had a beautiful view from there.
……….

64. This is Mr John. He is a good teacher.
……….

65. I bought a car yesterday. My father drove it to the town.
……….

Choose the right alternative

1. I gave her all the money that/ what I had

2. Mrs Bond is going to spend a few weeks in Sweden, which/ where her daughter lives
3. We stayed at the Grand Hotel, where/ which Ann recommended to us

4. The teacher with whom/ who we studied last year no longer teaches in our school
5. The shop didn’t have that/ what I want

6. Do you still remember the day when/ that we first met?

7. Dr. Fleming, who/ whose discovered penicillin, was awarded the Nobel Prize for medicine in 1945
8. Round the corner was a building which/ whose windows were broken

9. The hotel where/ which we stayed in wasn’t very clean

10. Fortunately we had a map, without that/ which we would have got lost

VI. Complete the sentences. Put the verbs into the correct form.( Supply the correct form or tenses of 
the words in the brackets) :Hoàn thành những câu sau đây. Chia những động từ trong ngoặc đúng dạng
hoặc đúng thì :

21. He bought Vietnamese – English dictionary and --- (give) it to me.
22. The coffee was alright, but the cream --- (be) sour.

23. He has a piano and a violin, but he --- (not have) a flute.
24. He says that he --- (arrive) on time yesterday.

25. She says that she --- (arrive) on time tomorrow.
26. I think that Victor --- (be) late.

27. He said that he --- (graduate) from University in 1991.

28. We thought they --- (move) to California.

29. The teacher said that water --- (consist) of hydrogen and oxygen.

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30. I --- (be) there when you arrive.

31. They were still waiting when I --- (get) there.
32. He has worked very hard since he --- (be) here.
33. We had just come in when you --- (call).

34. We have already gone before you --- (get) back.
35. We decided to go home because it --- (be) very late.
36. We have been very busy while they --- (be) here.
37. I haven’t seen him since he ---(arrive).

38. The teacher gave us so many assignments, that we --- (can not) go to the concert.
39. It was such a beautiful day that I --- (feel) like talking a walk.

40. He works on Sunday so that he --- (can) earn enough money to pay his tuition.
41. Did he pay soccer when he --- (be) in college?

42. We have bought a car so that we --- (have) transportation to work.
43. I’ll continue practicing (practising) ---until I --- (know) the lesson.
44. He is happy although he --- (be) poor.

45. He’ll have been studying for four months by the time he --- (take) his examination.
46. He come as often as he --- (can).

47. You sing as well as she --- (do).

48. He solved the problem more quickly than I --- (do).
49. This is one of the best books that I --- (ever read).

50. She has already telephoned the people who --- (come) tomorrow.

51. The girl (that, whom) you --- (tell) me about yesterday is waiting for you downstairs.
52. I’ll never forget the kindness (that) you --- (show) me.

53. He is the Frenchman (whom, that) I --- (tell) you about.
54. Are they the Italians who --- (own) this store?

55. Bread and butter was all (that) he --- (ask) for.
56. It was the Smiths who --- (call) you

57. She left her home last week and nobody --- (see) her since
58. The video film is so interesting that I --- (see) it twice

59. The video film was so interesting that I --- (see) it twice
60. It is the first I --- (meet) him here.

61. It is the first they --- (ever meet).

62. It was at the age of 14 that Jack London --- (leave) school and --- (become) a sailor.
63. John (live) --- in Miami for one year when his parents came to visit.

64. Tom (wait) ---for one hour before the bus came.
65. We corrected our papers after we (take) --- the quiz.
46/ Trees ---(grow) more quickly in summer than in winter.

47/ “Shall I phone at 6:00?” No, I ---(normally/ cook) dinner at that time.

48/ We usually ---(get) up at about 6:30. Couldn’t you come an hour later?
49/ In 1788, he ---(write) his last great work in Vienna .

50/ She ---(arrive) at Kennedy Airport at 2 o’clock this morning.
51/ I refuse to believe that he ---(not, know) the car was stolen.

52/ “How are you getting on with the book?”. At the moment, I ---(read) chapter four .
53/ My mother---(lock) all the doors and windows before she goes to bed .

54/ I ---(throw) away most of my old books when I moved house.
55/ Scientist ---(make) some fundamental discoveries in the 18th century.

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56/ Alice---(see) her mother in London most weekends .
57/ Hoa ---(have) a lot of friends in Hue.

58/ Linda---(brush) her teeth after meals .
59/ Phong ---(watch) T.V every night .

60/ I ---(be ) rich someday.

61/ What you---(do) now? – I ---(grow) some flowers.
62/ Ba can ---(fix) the lights .

63/ I ---(take) the book back to the library when I ---(read ) it .

64/ Two days ago I ---(meet ) an old friend Who I ---(not ,see) for years.
65/ When the students ---(do) the experiments, they---(write ) a report on it .
Put the verbs in the past perfect or past simple:

66. I went to the box office at lunch time , but they ---(already / sell ) all the tickets .

67.I felt very tired when I got home , so I ---(go)_straight to bed .

68. I felt better by the summer, but the doctor warned me not to do too much . I ---(be) very ill .
69. As last the committee were ready to announce their decision .They --- (make) up their mind .
70. “Was Tom at the party when you arrived ?” “No , he ---(go) home .

71. Sorry I’m late .The car ---(break) down on my way here .
72.I ---(take) the book back to the library when I ---(read) it .

73. The house was very quiet when I ---(get) home .Everybody ---(go) out for dinner .
74. After she---(fill)the basket, she ---(go) to the check out .

75. Yesterday morning I ---(remember) the answer to the question Bob ---(ask) me the
night before , so I ---(phone) him .

76. Last night , I ---(go) to Jim’s house and ---(knock) on the door but there ---(be)
no answer. Either he ---(go) out or he ---(not want) to see anyone .

77. Anne asked me how to use the photocopies ,She --(never / use) it before , so She
---(not / know) what to do .

78. Two days ago I ---(meet) an old friend who I ---(not see) for years .

79. Daisy --- (not, want) to come to the cinema with us because she ---(already / see) the film.
80. When the students ---(do) the experiment , they ---(write) a report on it .
81. Trees --- more quickly in summer than in winter. (grow)

82. “Shall I phone at 6:00?” “No, I --- dinner at that time (normally/cook)
83. We --- at about 7:00. Couldn’t you come an hour later? (usually/get up)
84. In 1788 he --- his last great work in Vienna. (write)

85. She --- at Kennedy Airport at 2 o’clock this morning . (arrive)
86. I refuse to believe that he --- the car was stolen. (not know)

87. “How are you getting on with the book?”. “At the moment I --- chapter four. (read)
88. My mother --- all the door and windows before she goes to bed (lock)

89. I --- away most of my old books when I moved house. (throw)

90. Scientists --- some fundamental discoveries in the 18th century (make)
91. Alice --- her mother in London most weekends. (see)

92. “What that terrible noise?” “The neighbors --- a party” (have)

93. At the star of his career, Cousteau --- the aqualung, opening the oceans to explorers, scientists, and
leisure divers. (invent)

94. --- durian when you lived in Malaysia? (ever/eat)

95. Both ancient and recent records show that farmers --- long hours (work)
96. I was lonely at first, but after a time I got used to (live)--- alone .

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97. She remembered parts of her childhood quite clearly. She remembers(go)--- to school the first
time and (be) ---frightened and (put)--- her finger in her mouth. She remembers her
teacher (tell) --- her (take)--- it out .

98. Did you remember (lock) ---the car ? – No ,I didn’t. I’d better (go)--- back and (do) ---it now
.

99. We stopped once (buy) ---petrol and then we stooped again (ask) ---someone the way .

100. When I caught them cheating me, I stopped( buy) ---petrol there and (deal) ---with your
station instead .

101. I tried (convince) --- him that I was perfectly capable of (manage) --- on my way, but
he insisted on (help)--- me .

102. Your hair needs (cut) ---.You’d better have it (do)--- tomorrow .

103. I always try (come) ---in quietly but they always hear me (go) ---upstairs. It’s
impossible (climb) ---an old wooden stair case at night without (make) ---noise .

104. They don’t allow (smoke)---in the auditorium, they don’t want (risk) ---(set ) ---it on
fire .

105. Would you like me (turn) ---down the radio a bit ? No, it’s all right. I’m used to (work)
---with the radio on.

106. Would your children mind (keep) ---quiet for a moment ? I’m trying (fill) --- a form .
107. The miser spent all his time (count ) ---his money and (think) ---up new hiding – place. He kept
(move) --- it about because he was terrified of (be) ---robbed .He used to (get) --- up at night
.

108. I’m delighted (hear) ---that you can (come) ---on Sunday. We are all looking forward to
(see) --- you. Remember ( bring) --- your rubber boots.

109. Tom suggested (take) ---me one flat and (keep) --- the other for me. But Peter advised me
(sell ) --- the whole house .

110. They let us (park) ---motor here but they don’t allow us (park) --- cars .

111. If you want the milkman (leave) --- you milk in the morning , don’t forget (put) ---a milk
bottle outside.

112. The inspector asked (see) ---my ticket and when I wasn’t able (find) --- it ,he made me (buy)
--- another.

113. My mother advised me (read) --- this novel .
114. Does she want (become) ---a singer?

115. The teacher recommends (prepare) ---the lessons well before (come) to class.
116. Can you help me (find) ---my mistakes ?

117. They didn’t permit (camp) ---in the wood .
118. Nothing will make me (change) ---my mind .

119. Parents often recommend their children ( not, drink) ---too much .

12. The lord had the gardener (plant) ---trees (get)--- shadow .
121. She was afraid (tell) ---her parents the truth .

122. This evening I have arranged (go) ---to theatres.
123. She doesn’t like people (shout )---at him .

124. Finally he admitted (steal ) ---his wife’s jewelries and (spend) ---all the money in
gambling .

125. Does the city government intend (do) ---anything about pollution?
126. I hope (have) --- a job .

127. Try to avoid (make) --- him angry .

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128. He thinks of (leave) ---his job .
129. Please let me (know) ---your decision .
130. It’s no use (wait) ---.

131. I have ( see) --- a child ( cry )--- .
132. Gravity makes water ( run )--- downhill .

133. Gravity keeps the moon (travel) --- around the earth instead of (shoot) --- off into space .
134. It’d difficult (get ) ---used to ( eat) --- with chopsticks.

135. Stop (argue) ---and start ( work ) --- .
136. I used ( smoke) ---40 cigarettes a day .
137. I’d like (have) --- a look at your new car .
138. I’m looking forward to (see) --- you .
139. He warned her (not, touch ) --- the wire .

140. Would you mind (show) ---me how (work) the lift ?

141. If you go on ( let) ---the dog (run) ---after cars, he’ll end by ( be) --- run over .
142. Do stop (talk) ---, I’m trying (finish) ---a letter .

143. Ask him ( come) ---in. Don’t keep him ( stand) ---at the door .

144. There are people who can’t help ( laugh) --- when they see someone ( slip) ---on a banana
skin .

145. I’m sorry (disappoint ) ---you .

VIII.Cho dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc và chọn từ thích hợp :

1.She’s ---(build) this house ---(since/ for / in) 2006 .
2. They ---(move) to Dalat --- (since/ for / in) 1988 .
3.We’ve known each other ---(since/ for / in) I was a child .

4. Lan ---(be) in London --- (since/ for / in) Monday.

5.My father worked for that factory (since/ for / in/ ago) ten weeks---.
6. “What that terrible noise?” “The neighbors --- a party” (have)

7.You--- durian when you lived in Malaysia? (ever/eat)

8. Both ancient and recent records show that farmer --- long hours (work).
9.My friend ---(stay)with me ---(since/ for / in) last week .

10.they ---(get)married two months ---(since/ for / ago).
11.I ---(not, meet) Tom ---(since/ for / in) he left the city .

12.I’ve been to Dalat with Daisy ---(since/ for / in) she arrived at the station .
13.They ---(play) football ---(since/ for / in) 2 p. m

14.I ---(know) her ---(since/ for / in) we were at the secondary school .
15. Miss Lan ---(not , write) ,to her parents ---(since/ for / in) May . 
16. I refuse to believe that he --- the car was stolen. (not, know)

17. “How are you getting on with the book?”. “At the moment I --- chapter four. (read)
18. I --- away most of my old books when I moved house. (throw)

19. This house ---(build) ten years ago .

20. “What that terrible noise?” “The neighbors --- a party” (have)

IX. Put an accent mark on the main stressed syllable of the following words.

1. again 2. always 3. arrive 4. badminton 5. holiday

6. geography 7. interesting 8. mountain 9. because 10. music

11. camping 12. picnic 13. favorite 14. summer 5. country

16. tomorrow 17. different 18. travel 19. excited 20. visit

21. fasten 22. harrow 23. typical 24. announce 25. origin

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26. semester 27. profession 28. marital 29. corner 30. rigade
X. Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first .

1.John is fat because he eats so many chips

If ………
2. Peter’s parents gave him a computer for his birthday
Peter ………
3. It was such bad news that Helen burst into tears

The news ………
4. The story is very long. You can’t read it in an hour .

The story is too ………
5. She doesn’t have a bike so she has to walk to school

If ………
6. The children liked to walk in the rain

The children enjoyed ………
7. My grandmother is very old. She can’t work now.

My grandmother is too ………
8. The question was so difficult that no one could it .

It was such ………
9. They will hold an international conference in Hanoi next week
An international conference ………
10. She hasn’t finished the letter yet

The letter ………
11. She thinks learning English is not easy

She thinks it is ………
12. Who does this pen belong to ?

Whose ………
13. Peter is taller than Pike

Pike ………
14. His parents advised him to study hard for his exams .
He was ………
15. They have just stolen his car

His car ………
16. The watch is too expensive for her to buy

She hasn’t ………
17. We learned this after a long time

It took ………
18. I regretted asking her to lend me money

I wish ………
19. The flight to London lasted three and a half hours
I took ………
20.I would like you to help me to put the chairs away

Would you mind ………
21.They will have to change the date of the meeting

The date ………
22. The water was so cold that the children could not drink it
The water was not ………

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23. The garage is going to repair the car for us next week
We are going ………
24. Peter is too young to see the horror film

Peter is not ………
25. What’s your date of birth?

When ………
26. He drives badly

He is ………

27. Dan Truong is a good singer

He sings ………
28. I last saw her two years ago

I have not ………
29. Tom spent five hours getting to Paris

It took ………
30. The last time I was in London in 2006

I haven’t ………
31.Susan is better at English than Daisy

Daisy isn’t ………
32. Janet is the best tennis player in the club .

No one in the club ………
33. I can’t cook as well as my mother does

My mother ………
34. I started working for the factory three years ago

I’ve ………
35. Susan began keeping a dairy 5 years ago

She’s ………
36. She cook very well

She is ………

37. “Can I borrow your typewriter, Daisy?” asked Tom
Tom asked ………
38. He drove so fast that he could arrive in the town before
He drove fast enough ………

39. The room has four windows, but it isn’t bright enough for you to read books.
Although ………

40. The boy isn’t old enough, so he can’t join our trip
If ………
41. Bill is using the computer at the moment

The computer ………
42. It’s a pity I can’t play the guitar well.

I wish ………XI/19/BTAV9
43. My mother spent three hours making a dress .

It took………
44. We haven’t been to the concert for over a year.

The last time ………
45. Reading newspapers in the morning gives him pleasure.
He enjoys………

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46. We last saw our grandfather two years ago.

We haven’t ………
47. You can make payment at any post office.

Payment ………
48. The president presented the trophy to the winner.
The trophy ………
49. I have never read such a romantic story.

This is ………
50. He would go hunting when he was in Africa .

He used ………
51. His dog is called Tony.

He ………
52. It’s nearly twenty years since my father saw my uncle.
My father ………
53. It’s a pity I don’t have a computer .

I wish ………
54. They are going to build a supermarket in my neighborhood .
A supermarket ………
55. The last time we went to a cinema was two years ago.
We haven’t ………

56. The journey to the village was very interesting to the boys.
The boys felt ………
57. He bought such a lot of books that he couldn’t read them all.
So ………

58. The doctor advised him to stay in bed for a few days.
He ………
59. I regretted not telling him what happened last night .

I wish ………
60. I wish I could speak E fluently .

It’s a ………
61. He hasn’t been back to his village for over 20 years.
It’s ………
62. I sorry I’m not able to go with you .

I wish………

63. Spending the weekend in the countryside is very interesting.
It’s ………

64. Why don’t we go to the countryside?

I suggested………

65. Practise speaking E every day or you can’t improve your English .
If ………

66. She’s very pleased to going away on holiday soon.

She’s looking ………
67. Do you learning a foreign language?

Are you ………
68. The boy is sorry he doesn’t have his teacher’s address.
The boy wishes ………

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69. This city had old buildings, but none can be found nowadays.

There used ………
70. “Where do you live?” Mary said to me

Mary told me ………
71. “I’m very busy. I’ll ring you tomorrow ” Susan said to me
Susan ………

72. “ Can you speak any foreign languages ? ” Henry said to me
Henry ………

73. “ Don’t shout” I said to Jim.

I ………
74. The last time we saw him was on Monday .
We ………
75. “Can you speak Vietnamese, Maryam?” Nga asked
Nga asked ………
76. “Why don’t we go to the country side this weekend?”
Minh suggested ………
77. I would rather watch TV than go to the cinema .

I prefer ………

78. “ Where will you spend your vacation next year?” Liz said to us .
Liz asked us ………

79. It rained so heavily that they decided to cancel the match .
So heavily ………
80. I can do what I want and you can’t stop me .

You can’t ………
81. Please don’t interrupt me all the time.

Would you mind ………
82. My father said I could use his car.

My father allowed ………
83. It’s not a good idea to travel during the rush hour.

It’s better to avoid ………
84. Micheal laughed when I told him the joke.

The joke ………
85. Don’t stop him doing what he wants.

Let ………
86. We like to lie on the beach all day.

We enjoy ………
87. Do you fancy going to for a walk?

Would you like ………
88. I wish I hadn’t taken your advise.

I regret ………
89. Seeing Nelson Mandela will always stay in my memory.
I’ll never forget ………
90. It was difficult for me to stop laughing at Linda’s letter.
I couldn’t help ………
91. Shall I phone you this evening ?

Do you want ………

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92. It will be good to see them again.

I’m looking ………
93. I’d prefer not to go out tonight .

I’d rather ………
94. You’d better put you money in the bank ,Jack.

I advised ………
95. A man has gone to prison. He shot two policemen.

A man who ………
96. Despite their poverty, the children seemed very happy.
Although ………
97. Whose car is it ?

Who ………
98. “Did someone ring you an hour ago, Nancy ?” said Martin
Martin asked ………
100. It snowed heavily, so we couldn’t arrive home early.

The snow was so ………Page 95
101.I don’t play tennis now .

I used ---.
102. I no longer live alone .

I used ---.

103. Parents help with the cookery classes and this gives the teachers a rest .

Parents help with the cookery classes , ---.
104. The school is in the centre of the village and this makes it easy for the children to get to it .
The school is in the centre of the village , ---.
105. He started spending a lot of money .

He didn’t ---.
106. She began to play the piano 3 years ago .

She has ---.
107.He doesn’t play tennis any longer .

He used ---.
108. John has invited us to his party tonight .

We ---.
109. Sarah got lost and this made her parents very worried .

Sarah got lost , ---.
110. The car is parked outside . It belong to Susan .

The car ---.
111. the girl we’ve talked to will make a speech tomorrow .

We’ve talked to the girl ---.
112. Our meeting is tomorrow .

We are ---.
113. Look at those black clouds ! There’s no rain on the way .

Look at those black clouds ! it’s ---.
114. I haven’t seen her for a long time .

It’s a long time ---.
115. The suitcase isn’t light enough for me to carry .

I can’t carry ---.

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116. Although it was raining heavily , we went out .

Despite ---.
117. It started to rain , so we stopped playing tennis .

We ---.
118. Tom is still working .

Tom hasn’t ---.
119. We have been studying English since 2006 .

We ---.
120. Please get me that book on the top shelf .

Would you mind ---.
121. He is tall . He can play volleyball.

He is tall enough ---. P115
122. The earthquake hit the city at two in the morning .

The city ---.
123. It was such lovely weather that we decided to spend the day on the beach.
The weather ---.
124. I haven’t got a key, so I can’t get in .(p.120)

If ---.
125. Nobody must expect to be rich without hard work.

Unless ---.
126. I’m too poor to take a space trip[.

I’m not ---.
127. She was tired, but she stayed up late to watch the late film on T.V.
Although ---.
128. Since he was careless, Tim lost his job.

Because of ---.
129. Let’s go abroad for our holiday this year.

Why ---.
130. We can’t take a trip to space because we don’t have enough money.
If we ---.
131. The astronauts orbits the earth in two hours .

It took ---.
132. You should take exercise regularly because that’s the way to get fit. P.141
If you ---.
133. I can’t look the word up because I haven’t got a dictionary.

If I ---.
134. I was sick yesterday, so I go to class.

If I ---.
135. David has so many accidents because he’s so clumsy.

If David ---.
136. I’m quite tall but you are taller . p. 143

I’m not ---.
137. My salary is high but yours is higher.

My salary isn’t ---.
138. You know a bit about cars but I know more .

You don’t ---.

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139. It’s still cold but it was colder yesterday .

It isn’t ---.
140. I still feel a bit tired but I felt a lot more tired yesterday .

I don’t ---.
141. They’ve lived here for quite a long time but we’ve lived here longer.
They’ve not ---.
142. It was a bit nervous before the interview but usually I’m a lot more nervous .
I wasn’t ---.
143. Henry is rich but Shirley is a lot richer.

Henry isn’t ---.

144. I don’t know many people but .’he knows more people.

I don’t know ---.
145. This flat is big but our old one was bigger.

This flat ---.
146. Children can’t go in if they are not with an adult .

Unless ---.
147. If you don’t give me my money .I’m going to the police .
Unless ---.
148. If you are not over 15 , you can’t see this film .

Unless ---.
149. You can’t park here if you don’t live in this street .

Unless ---.
150. We usually go for a walk after supper if there isn’t a good film on T.V.
Unless ---

.

FUTHER EXERCISES FOR REPORTED SPEECH

XI. Complete each sentence with an infinitive phrase which combined with the main verb, reports the 
idea of the speaker’s words.

1. Joe said, “Please come to my party”

Joe invited me ……….

2. My teacher said, “ I think you should take another English course”

My teacher advised me ……….

3. Mrs. Brown said, “You may use the phone”
Mrs. Brown permitted me ………

4. The doctor said, “Take a deep breath”

The doctor told the patient ……….
5. My mother said, “Make an appointment with the dentist”
My mother reminded me ………..

6. My friend said, “I think you should take a long vacation”
My friend encouraged me ………..

7. The Smiths said, “Would you like to come to our house for dinner?”
The Smiths invited us ………...

8. My friend said, “You should see a doctor about the pain in your knee”
My friend advised me ………..

9. The judge said, “ You must pay a fine of fifty dollars”
The judge ordered Mr. Silverman ……….

10. Bill said, “Don’t touch the hot pot”

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Bill warned me not ……….
11. Sue said, Don’t buy a used car”

Sue advised me not ……….
12. Mr. Gray said, “Don’t play in the street”

Mr. Gray warned the children not ………

XII. Put the following Commands and Requests into Indirect Speech:
1. The teacher said to Richard, “Write the exercise carefully”.

2. “Don’t worry about the examination, Anna,” said her friend
3. He said to me, “Write your name on the board before you leave”
4. “Turn left at the corner and drive two blocks.” The man directed
5. “Please, please don’t do anything dangerous,” said his teacher
6. “Don’t take anything with you to my party,” said my friend

7. The teacher said to his students, “Look your answers through and be careful about spelling
mistakes”

8. “Underline all the mistakes before you give the papers to me,” the teacher said to her students
9. “Please, please keep away that tree before it can fall down.” The old man said to the children
10. “Don’t forget what I have told you, Karen said to me”

XIII. Put the following statements into Indirect Speech:

1. My girlfriend said to me, “My younger brother is studying medicine at Can Tho University”
2. “I didn’t send any letter by e-mail”, said Tom

3. The teacher said, “Some students don’t like homework”
4. “I haven’t seen my uncle since last year,” said Harry
5. I said to the nurse, “You haven’t given me any medicine”

6. The gardener said to the children, “You are allowed to pick the flowers”
7. I told the taxi driver, “You are driving too quickly right now”

8. My friend said, “I lived in the country for two years before I moved here”
9. “The country will develop greatly in the next twenty years,” my father predicted
10. “Many people died after the earthquake last night,” the report said

XIV. Put the following questions into Indirect Speech:
1. He asked me, “Have you finished reading the newspaper?”
2. He said me, “Is playing tennis one of your hobbies?”

3. “How long have you worked as a tourist guide?” I asked my friend
4. The little boy said to his father, “Why does a policeman wear a uniform?”
5. “What happened to you last Sunday?” we asked James

6. He asked me, “Where have you been for the last weeks?”
7. “Is the person you told me last night?” I asked her

8. “Was the village completely destroyed by the tsunami?” he asked the villager
9. “Did you enjoy the Christmas night?” Lindsay asked Jack

10. “Do you feel regretful for what you have done for me?” my friend asked me
XV. Change these sentences into Indirect Speech:

1. “I’m terribly sorry. I have broken a vase”, he said to his mother
2. “Why don’t you sell your old house?” my friend said to me

3. “Thank for your kindness of letting us stay with you” said the man

4. “I hear that you have won the game spectacularly. Congratulation, ”Anna said
5. “Shall we go to a fashion show this weekend” said Lisa

6. “Let’s not mention this problem again,” the old man said

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7. “I often you a ticket for the play,” he insisted

8. “It will be a good idea to have a dinner at the riverside restaurant,” said my boyfriend
9. “I didn’t tell him about your plan. I didn’t do that,” said Erick

10. “I don’t like being criticized by non-professionals,” said movie star
XVI. Change these sentences into Indirect Speech:

1. “Would you like to have coffee with me?” John said to his workmate
2. “Why don’t you decorate your house?” my friend said to me

3. “If I were you. I would revise for that exam,” said the tutor
4. “I’ll help you with this homework,” my brother said

5. “Would you sign the contract?” the secretary said to me
6. “You should take medicine for your cold.” Said my aunt

7. “If I were you, I wouldn’t accept the job offer”, my sister said to me

8. “Don’t park in this area. There is a No parking sign,” Mr. Browns said to his son
9. “I would like to become a computer programmer,” Jonas said

10. “I meet the student representatives,” said the rector
XVII. Change these sentences into Indirect Speech:

1. “If Claire continues to work hard, she will pass the exams easily,” he said
2. My friend said, “If I had more money, I’d take a trip around the world”
3. Lucy said, “If I knew your teacher’s name, I’d send her a card”

4. George said, “If the film had won an Oscar, it would have become famous”

5. Clarence said to me, “If you had gone to my brother’s graduation party you would have met Mary”
6. “If Jack were honest, he would return the money,” said the teacher

7. “If we had been announced about the bad weather, we would have canceled our trip,” said the
Browns

8. “If the technology weren’t available, we wouldn’t expand our business,” said the manager
9. “If she finds out the truth, she’ll be very furious, said Vivian”

10. “If the club has to close, we cannot attract more members,” said Susan

REPORTED SPEECH

Muốn chuyển từ câu tường thuật trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp ta thực hiện các bước sau đây :
Direct and reported speech (lời nói trực tiếp và lời tường thuật)

Chúng ta sử dụng lời nói trực tiếp khi chúng ta lập lại nguyên văn lời nói của người nào đó

Chúng ta sử dụng lời nói gián tiếp khi chúng ta dùng từ ngữ của mình để tường thuật lại điều người nào đó nói
Lời nói trực tiếp được gọi là Direct speech

Lời nói gián tiếp được gọi là Indirect speech hoặc Reported speech

Muốn đổi 1 câu nói từ Direct speech sang reported speech chúng ta phải tuân thủ nguyên tắc sau:
1.Xác định câu tường thuật loại nào

2.Sử dụng động từ tường thuật: say, tell, ask, promise, want, advice , agree, remind, invite, warn,

answer,exclaim, suggest, reply, reflect, suppose, grunt, snarl, hiss, whisper(chú ý động từ thuật ở quá khứ thì ta
hay đổi thì(lùi thì), các đại từ cho phù hợp với chủ ngữ ban đầu,các trạng từ như thời gian và nơi chốn )ta 
phải chuyễn cho phù hợp với bảng dưới đây :

Đại từ chủ từ Đại từ túc từ Tính từ sở hữu Đại từ sở hữu Đại từ phản thân

I Me My mine myself

He him His his himself

She Her Her hers herself

You You Your yours Yourself ,yourselves

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We Us Our ours ourselves

They Them Their theirs Themselves

Có thể ta dùng phương pháp chuyễn các đại từ khác sau đây :
I → he she

Me → him, her 
My → his her 
Mine → his hers

Myself → himself, herself
You → he ,she

You → him, her

your → his ,her 
Yours → his , hers

Yourself → himself, herself
We → they

Us → them
Our → their 
Ours → theirs 
Ourselves → themselves

Note : Nếu động từ tường thuật ở hiện tại thì ta chỉ thay đổi các đại từ
3.Ta bỏ dấu phẩy và dấu ngoặc kép

4.Thay đổi thì của động từ
5.Thay đởi ngơi, số của đại từ

6.Thay đổi tính từ sở hữu, đại từ sở hữu, đại từ phản thân
7.Thay đổi trạng từ chỉ thời gian

8.Thay đổi trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn

*Thay đổi trạng từ chỉ thời gian cần lưu ý:

Trạng từ chỉ thời gian được sử dụng trong Direct speech được biến đổi thành trạng từ khác phù hợp với Reported
speech .

Direct speech reported speech

Today (hôm nay)

Tonight (đêm nay, tối nay)
Yesterday (hôm qua)
Last night (tối qua)
Last week (tuần rồi)
Last month (tháng rồi)
Last year (năm rồi)
Tomorrow (ngày mai)
Next week (tuần tới)
Next month (tháng tới)
next year (năm tời)
now (bây giờ, hiện giờ)
ago (trước đây)

an hour ago (cách đây 1 giờ)
here (ở đây)

this
these

that day (ngày hơm đó)
that night (đêm hơm ấy)

The day before/ the previous day (ngày trước đó)
The night before/ the previous night (đêm trước đó)
The week before/ the previous week (tuần trước đó)
The month before/ the previous month (tháng trước đó)
The year before/ the previous year (năm trước đó)

The next day/ the following day (ngày hôm sau),the day after

The following week/the week after (tuần sau đó)

The following month/the month after (tháng sau đó)
The following year/the year after (năm sau đó)

Then/ at that time (lúc ấy) immediately (ngay lập tức)
before (trước kia, trước đây)

An hour before/ an hour earlier (sớm hơn 1 giờ)
There (ở đó)

That
Those

1 .S + Reporting verbs + O(me, him, her ,them ,us ) + that + S + V, TO BE +(Câu tường thuật khẳng định )
Ex : Peter says, “I don’t want your hat, Susan”

→ Peter tells Susan that he doesn’t want her hat .

2.S + Reporting verbs + O(me, him, her ,them ,us …)+ TO +(Câu tường thuật dạng mênh lệnh khẳng định )

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Ex : He says to her, “Remember to send your parents my regards”.
→ He tells her (to remember)to send her parents his regards

3 .S + Reporting verbs + O(me, him, her ,them ,us …) + NOT TO +…(Câu tường thuật dạng mệnh lệnh 
phủ định )

Ex : Ms Green said to(says to) me , “Don’t forget to send this letter for me”
→ Ms Green told(tells) me not to (forget to) send that letter for her .

4 .S + Reporting verbs + O(me,him,her ,them ,us …) + IF/ WHETHER + S + V, TO BE +…(Câu tường 
thuật dạng YES /NO Questions )

Ex 1: Mary said to (says)Tom, “Are you a student ? ”

→ Mary asked (told)(tells)Tom if /whether he was a student .
Ex 2 : Mary said to Tom, “Do you understand this question? ”

→ Mary asked (told) Tom if /whether he understood that question .

5 .S + Reporting verbs + O(me,him,her ,them ,us …) +WH – Questions + S + V, TO BE +…(Câu tường 
thuật khẳng định )

Ex : She said to me, “When did you buy this house?”

→ She told (asked) when I bought (had bought ) that house .

Biểu đồ biểu thị cho sự chuyển đởi thì của động từ, khi chuyển đổi câu từ Direct speech sang reported 
speech:

Direct speech reported speech

Present simple
Present progressive
Past simple

Present perfect
Past progressive
Future simple
Future perfect

Present conditional

Past simple(S + V-ed ,2 + 0)

Past progressive (S +was ,were + V-ing + O)
Past perfect (S + HAD + PP +O)

Past perfect (S + HAD + PP +O)

Past perfect progressive (S + had + been + V-ing)
Present conditional (S + would, should + V-inf)

Present conditional (S + would, should + have +V-ed, cột3
Perfect conditional (S + would, should + have + V-ed, cột3

Động từ BREAK được dùng để minh họa cho những cách biến đổi thì vừa được nêu ra ở phần trên như sau:

Direct speech Reported speech

Break

Am/is/are breaking
Broke

Have/has broken
Was/were breaking
Shall/will break
Shall/will have broken
Should/would break

Broke

Was/were breaking
Had broken

Had broken

Had been breaking
Should/would break
Should/would have broken
Should/would have broken
Direct speech: She says, ‘I watch TV everyday”

Reported speech: She says (that) she watches TV everyday
Định luật:

Break biến đổi thành broke
Am/is biến đổi thành was
Are biến đổi thành were
Shall biến đổi thành should
Will biến đổi thành would
Have/ has biến đổi thành had
Can biến đổi could

May biến đổi thành might

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Must biến đổi thành had to/was/were obliged to or it remains must

EXERCISES FOR

REPORTED SPEECH 
 I. Turn these sentences into Reported Speech:

1. Miss Young says to me, “I want you to finish theses exercises as soon as possible”.
2. Peter says, “I don’t want your dress, Susan”.

3. She says to us, “I have made some progress in my English”.
4. “I get a job like yours” the girl says to John.

5. She says to Peter, “I often take my son to the zoo on Sundays”
6. She says, “I don’t want you to be late for class, baby son”
7. Tom says, “I shall never forget you, Mary.”

8. “Your dress looks more beautiful than mine”, Ann says to me
9. She tells me, “I’ll visit my grandmother tomorrow”

10. He says, “You are really a good friend, Mary”

11. Laura says to Mai, “You are so kind to take me there”
12. She says, “It’s too bad to go to class late, John”

13. He says to his father, “I will try me best to pass this exam”
14. Mary says to Dick, “There is a new comer in our class”
15. He says, “We must that team to win the golden cup”

16. She says to me, “I’ve just received a letter from my mother”
17. Dick tells his mother, “I like the acrobats show best”

18. She says, “I’ve just finished my exercises”

19. They say to their teacher, “We never forget your advice”
20. May says, “You have to learn this part carefully, Peter”

21. I tell her, “You look more beautiful in your new dress”
22. Bill says, “I need some more money”

23. He says to her, I’ll see your mother next week”
24. John says, “Your parents are very nice to me, Alice”
25. The teacher tells me, “I want to talk to your mother”
26. She says, “You have to type this report right now, John”
27. “Well, Tom”, says Mrs Smith, “I want you to be a doctor”
28. “I like the way you work”, he says to her.

29. The teacher says to us, “You must keep silent in class”
30. The boys say, “We often play football in the afternoon”
31. He said to her, “You are my friend.”

32. John said to his mother, “I don’t know how to do this exercise.”
33. “Don’t come back before one o’clock” advised my brother.
34. “Cook it in butter”, Mrs Brown said to her daughter.

35. The pupils said, “Teacher, give us better marks, please”.

36. “You have to decide what you want to do”, she said to her daughter.
37. Mary asked me “Can you tell me why you are so sad, my honey”.
38. Jane said to John “Who will come to the pictures with me?”

39. “Will you please find out when he last wrote to me?” Jane said to her friend.
40. Bill said, “I want to help you but I can’t, Mary”.

41. He said to her, “Remember to send your parents my regards”.
42. The teacher said to me, “Give me your paper now”.

43. My aunt said to us, “Please, don’t put your hat in this table”

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44. I said, “Learn this lesson by heart now, class.”
45. She said to him, “Don’t put your hat here.”

46. Her uncle said, “Bring me a cup of tea, and put your key on the table, Lan”

47. The manager said to me, “Type these reports for me and bring your paper here, please”
48. The teacher said, “Sit at this place from now on and then stand up later, Daisy”

49. The doctor said,“ Do morning exercises regularly to improve your health, you will have a strong body,
Mary”

50. The librarian said to me, “Don’t take these books out of here”
51. Ms Green said to me , “Don’t forget to send this letter for me”
52. The teacher said, “Remind your mother of the meeting, Lan”
53. She said to me, “Would you please tell me how to cook this fish?”
54. She told her grandson, “Come to see me more often”

55. Mary said to her brother, “Don’t put your bag on my hat”

56. My girlfriend said to me, “My younger brother is studying medicine at Can Tho University”
57. “I didn’t send any letter by e-mail”, said Tom

58. The teacher said, “Some students don’t like homework”
59. “I haven’t seen my uncle since last year,” said Harry
60. I said to the nurse, “You haven’t given me any medicine”

61. The gardener said to the children, “You are allowed to pick the flowers”
62. I told the taxi driver, “You are driving too quickly right now”

63. My friend said, “I lived in the country for two years before I moved here”
64. “The country will develop greatly in the next twenty years,” my father predicted
65. “Many people died after the earthquake last night,” the report said

66. Miss Young says to Tom, “I want you to finish these exercises as soon as possible”.

---67. He says to his teacher, “I have made some progress in my English”.

---68. My son tells me, “I’ll visit my grandmother tomorrow”

---69. She says, “You are really a good friend to me, David”

---70. She says to me, “I’ve just received a letter from my mother”

---71. She says , “I’ve just finished my exercises”

---72. Bill says, “I have to pay for this bill much money, don’t I ”

---73. Susan says, “You don’t want my hat, Peter”.

---74. He says, “You don’t want me to be late for class, the little girl”

---75. He says to his father, “I will try me best to pass this exam with your advice”
---
76. David tells his mother, “You’ll send me this letter tomorrow ”

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77. Alice says, “Your parents are very nice to me, John”

---78.Miss Young says to her sister, “you often phone me at 6:00p.m ,don’t you ?”

---79. The boy says to his mother, “ I often play football with my friends in the afternoon”

---80. “I get a job like yours ,don’t I ?” the boy says to Daisy.

---81. He says to Mary , “I often take my son to the museum on Sundays”

---82. Jimmy says to Mary, “You are so kind to take me there”

---83. Peter says, “You have to learn this part carefully, Mary”

---84. “You like the way I work”, she says to Joe.

---85. The teacher says to Alice, “You must keep silent in class”

---86. She says, “You have to type this report right now, John”

---87. Mary says, “I shall never forget you, Tom.”

---88. “Your dress looks more beautiful than mine”, Peter says to Daisy

---89. She says, “You don’t take me to school, do you?” “Well, John”

---90. Mary says to Dick, “You are a new comer in my class”

---91. They say to their teacher, “We never forget your advice”

---92. She says to Pike, I’ll see your mother next week”

---93. The teacher tells me, “I want to talk to your mother for your study”

---II. Turn these sentences into Reported Speech:

1. He said to me, “Would you please tell me the way to Tan Son Nhat Airport?”
2. His mother asked, “How many students are there in your class, Nam?”

3. He said, “Have you been living here for ten years, Mr Quang?”
4. She said to her grandmother, “I shall be 18 next week”

5. I said to him, “Why didn’t you come (go)to my birthday party?”

6. The teacher said, “Don’t take to each other while you’re doing the test”
7. Minh said to me, “How often do you go to your school library?”

8. He said, “What is the length of this house, Mary?”

9. I asked my classmate, “Did you attend the class meeting yesterday?”
10. Alice said to Peter, “Would you please help me with my English exercise?”
11. The teacher said, “You will have the test tomorrow”

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12. She said, “Don’t forget to bring your textbook. Nam”
13. He said, “I’ll visit you when I have time”

14. I said, “Will you please show me how to use this machine, Mary?”
15. She said, “How did you go to the circus yesterday?”

16. Ann told Peter, “Don’t wait for me if I’m late”

17. Mary said, “I usually get up much earlier than you, Tom ”
18. She said, “Have you read this interesting novel?”

19. “ We enjoy listening to your lecture, Mr Nam”, they said

20. “Did you go to London to visit your son, Mr Quang?” said Mrs Hoa
21. She said to me, “When did you buy this house?”

22. Martha said to Tom, “Where do you put my hat and gloves?”
23. She said to him, “My son is very grateful to you for your present”
24. Mai asked us, “Have you seen this movie?”

25. He said, “You are really kind to us, Mai”

26. She said to her son, “I just bought a new shirt for you”
27. He asked the boy, “Do you know who broke this window?”
28. The teacher said, “Why were you absent yesterday, Peter?”

III. Complete each sentence with an infinitive phrase which combined with the main verb, reports the 
idea of the speaker’s words.

1. Joe said, “Please come to my party”

2. Joe invited me ……….

3. My teacher said, “ I think you should take another English course”
4. My teacher advised me ……….

5. Mrs. Brown said, “You may use the phone”

6. Mrs. Brown permitted me ………
7. The doctor said, “Take a deep breath”

8. The doctor told the patient ……….
9. My mother said, “Make an appointment with the dentist”
10. My mother reminded me ………..
11. My friend said, “I think you should take a long vacation”

12. My friend encouraged me ………..

13. The Smiths said, “Would you like to come to our house for dinner?”
14. The Smiths invited us ………...

15. My friend said, “You should see a doctor about the pain in your knee”
16. My friend advised me ………..

17. The judge said, “ You must pay a fine of fifty dollars”
18. The judge ordered Mr. Silverman ……….
19. Bill said, “Don’t touch the hot pot”

20. Bill warned me not ……….
21. Sue said, Don’t buy a used car”

22. Sue advised me not ……….
23. Mr. Gray said, “Don’t play in the street”

24. Mr. Gray warned the children not ………

IV. Put the following Commands and Requests into Indirect Speech:
The teacher said to Richard, “Write the exercise carefully”.

11. “Don’t worry about the examination, Anna,” said her friend

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12. He said to me, “Write your name on the board before you leave”
13. “Turn left at the corner and drive two blocks.” The man directed
14. “Please, please don’t do anything dangerous,” said his teacher
15. “Don’t take anything with you to my party,” said my friend

16. The teacher said to his students, “Look your answers through and be careful about spelling
mistakes”

17. “Underline all the mistakes before you give the papers to me,” the teacher said to her students
18. “Please, please keep away that tree before it can fall down.” The old man said to the children
19. “Don’t forget what I have told you, Karen said to me”

VI. Put the following questions into Indirect Speech:

11. He asked me, “Have you finished reading the newspaper?”
12. He said me, “Is playing tennis one of your hobbies?”

13. “How long have you worked as a tourist guide?” I asked my friend
14. The little boy said to his father, “Why does a policeman wear a uniform?”
15. “What happened to you last Sunday?” we asked James

16. He asked me, “Where have you been for the last weeks?”
17. “Is the person you told me last night?” I asked her

18. “Was the village completely destroyed by the tsunami?” he asked the villager
19. “Did you enjoy the Christmas night?” Lindsay asked Jack

20. “Do you feel regretful for what you have done for me?” my friend asked me
VII. Change these sentences into Indirect Speech:

11. “I’m terribly sorry. I have broken a vase”, he said to his mother
12. “Why don’t you sell your old house?” my friend said to me

13. “Thank for your kindness of letting us stay with you” said the man

14. “I hear that you have won the game spectacularly. Congratulation, ”Anna said
15. “Shall we go to a fashion show this weekend” said Lisa

16. “Let’s not mention this problem again,” the old man said
17. “I often you a ticket for the play,” he insisted

18. “It will be a good idea to have a dinner at the riverside restaurant,” said my boyfriend
19. “I didn’t tell him about your plan. I didn’t do that,” said Erick

20. “I don’t like being criticized by non-professionals,” said movie star
VIII. Change these sentences into Indirect Speech:

11. “Would you like to have coffee with me?” John said to his workmate
12. “Why don’t you decorate your house?” my friend said to me

13. “If I were you. I would revise for that exam,” said the tutor
14. “I’ll help you with this homework,” my brother said

15. “Would you sign the contract?” the secretary said to me
16. “You should take medicine for your cold.” Said my aunt

17. “If I were you, I wouldn’t accept the job offer”, my sister said to me

18. “Don’t park in this area. There is a No parking sign,” Mr. Browns said to his son
19. “I would like to become a computer programmer,” Jonas said

20. “I meet the student representatives,” said the rector
IX. Change these sentences into Indirect Speech:

10. “If Claire continues to work hard, she will pass the exams easily,” he said

11. My friend said, “If I had more money, I’d take a trip around the world”
12. Lucy said, “If I knew your teacher’s name, I’d send her a card”

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13. George said, “If the film had won an Oscar, it would have become famous”

14. Clarence said to me, “If you had gone to my brother’s graduation party you would have met Mary”
15. “If Jack were honest, he would return the money,” said the teacher

16. “If we had been announced about the bad weather, we would have canceled our trip,” said the
Browns

17. “If the technology weren’t available, we wouldn’t expand our business,” said the manager
18. “If she finds out the truth, she’ll be very furious, said Vivian”

19. “If the club has to close, we cannot attract more members,” said Susan

V. COMPLETE THE REPORTED SENTENCES WITH THE CORRECT TENSE :
1. “You play very well.” He told me I ……….. very well

2. “Tom has written me a letter.” She told me Tom ……….. her a letter
3. “She hasn’t brushed her hair.” I noticed that she ………… her hair

4. “John has had an accident.” Pam rang to say that John ……….. an accident
5. “She won’t say anything.” I knew she … anything

6. “\This letter has been opened.” I could see that the letter ……..
VI. PUT THE CORRECT FORM OF SAY OR TELL : 
1. I ……….. that I wasn’t ready

2. ………. Me what you need

3. Have you ………… the doctor about it?
4. Did you ……… something to me?
5. He doesn’t ……. Me anything

6. Mary …… her mother she was going to the office
7. Why didn’t she …… goodbye?

8. ……… him to be quiet
9. Who ……… that?

10. ………….. that you won’t forget me

VII. TURN INTO REPORTED SPEECH : 
1.”I have seen this film twice”

Mai said ………
2. “Tim was punished by the teacher yesterday”

John told me ---.

3. “We are still working because we haven’t finished their work yet.”
They said ---.

4. “I’m going to Hanoi next week.”

She said ---.
5. “The exercise that the teacher gave us last week is very difficult.”
They said --- .

VIII. Read the text carefully ten answer the following questions.

1/ Paper was invented by the Chinese in the first century AD. Most paper is made from wood. When trees
are cut down, they are transported by land or water to paper mills. Here they are cut up and the wood is
broken up into fibres (sợi , cái thớt),which are mixed with water and chemicals. This wood pulp is then dried
on a machine and made into paper.

Paper – making is an important British industry, and paper from Britain is exported to South Africa, Australia
and many other countries. One tree is needed for every 400 copies of a typical forty – page newspaper. If
half the adults in Britain each buy one daily paper, this uses up over 40,000 trees a day. Trees are being cut
down faster than they are being replaced, so there may be a serious paper shortage before the year 2000.

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Notes : shortage :(n) sự thiếu, số lượng thiếu 
Serious (adj) nghiêm trọng

Questions :

1. When was paper invented ?

2. Where is paper from England exported?

3. What might happen if trees are cut down faster than they are replaced?

4. Translate into Vietnamese: “When trees are cut down ……… made into paper.”

2/ Like other languages, English is always changing, but it changes very slowly. People invent new words,
borrow words from other languages and change the meaning of words as needed. For example, the English
word “byte” was invented by computer specialists in 1959. The word “tomato” was borrowed from Nahuati,
an American Indian language spoken in Mexico. The word “meat” once referred to food in general. People
learn English as well as languages by listening, copying what they hear, and using the language. Most school

children learn their first language easily and sometimes other languages as well.

Are the following statements are true (T) or false (F) 
1. English is changing very

quickly.---2. Some English words are borrowed from other
languages.---3. Some English words are invented by

computers.---4. “Meat” means food in

general.---5. One of the ways to learn English is copying what you
hear.---6. It is not easy for children to learn their first
language.---IX. Make sentence based on the given cues :

1. They/ be students/ grade 10

………
2. if/ he/ understand/ me/ I/ be happy/ but/ he/ never/ do.
………
3. I/ be/ poor/ but/ if/ I/ help/ orphan/ poor people.
………
4. What/you/ do/ if/ mother/ come/ home/ early.

………
5. He/ may/ be/ sick/ because/ he/ not/ be/ class/ this morning .
………
6. If/ door bell/ ring / dog/ run/ gate.

………
7. If/ you/ decide/ take/ trip/ you/ have to/get ready/ very soon.

………
8. What/ you/ do if/ sun/ rise/ night.

………
9. Once/ you/ get/ trip/ you/ be/ different/ world.

………
10. I/ mother/ my/ wish/ I/ her/ tell/ understood .

X. Fill in the blank with suitable words in the box.

Turn on shortage effective solution style improvement equality look
after easy – to – understand drives

1. Do you think computers use an --- language?

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3. We need a supply of food and water. We have suffered from the ---of these things for a
long time.

4. They believe that learning by rote is not a very --- way.

5. The ---hasn’t been found yet. We still don’t know what to do with the problem.
6. I don’t really like their --- of living.

7. I work very hard for the ---of my English pronunciation.
8. Women had to work very hard to have --- with men.

9. Daisy is a careful driver. She --- carefully.
10. She used to ---her father when he was ill.
1. ADVERBS and ADJECTIVES

ADJ: tính từ : Tính từ được thành lập từ danh từ ,bằng cách thêm LY vào sau danh từ : Tính từ = danh từ + ly
Ex: friend + ly

Father + ly
Brother + ly
Week + ly
Month + ly

ADV : TRẠNG TỪ

Trạng từ được thành lập từ tính từ ,bằng cách thêm LY vào sau tính từ ( Tính từ + ly = trạng từ )
Dangerous + ly = Dangerously = adv

Easy + ly = easily
Magic + ly = magically
Careful + ly = ly

Chú ý : Động từ (V gồm : go, work, catch …)thường thường đi với ADV(Trạng từ)
Động từ (to be )thường đi với ADJ(Tính từ)

Ex: she is more beautiful than her sister
- He drives faster than Tom does

2. CONDITIONAL SENTENCE (TYPE 1) Câu điều kiện loại 1 
câu điều kiện loại 1 dùng để diễn tả hành động có thật ở hiện tại

If clause(mệnh đề phụ) Main clause (mệnh đề chính )

HTĐ TLĐ

S + VS,ES S + will/ shall + V0

Ex: If he finishes the skirt before Sunday, He will give it to his sister for her birthday.
I she studies hard, she can pass her exams.

3. ADJ + CLAUSE

S + TO BE + ADJ + THAT + CLAUSE

That co thể được dùng để giới thiệu mệnh đề đứng liền sau 1 số tính từ chẳng hạn như:
- tính từ diễn đạt phản ứng của nhân vật đối với sự kiện

- tính từ bày tỏ ý kiến ,gợi ý để đưa đến mụch đích
- tính từ diễn đạt ý tưởng

Ex; I’m glad ( that) you safely arrive

4. ADV clauses of reason: (AS, BEACUSE) mệnh đề trạng từ chỉ lý do

AS và BECAUSE : có thể đuợc sử dụng để nêu rõ lý do của 1 hành động hoặc 1 tình trạng
* AS thường đuợc dùng ở đầu câu

Ex : As the weather is often warm, many of the homes have swimming pools.

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* BECAUSE :thường đuợc dùng ở giữa câu, hay đứng sau mệnh đề chính
Ex : we decided to leave early because the party was boring.

5. CONNECTORS ( TỪ NỐI)

AND : được dùng để nối kết những từ ngữ có chức năng ngữ pháp giống nhau( and : rồi, thì, và, kết quả lá,
còn……)

AND = nối nhiều từ, nhiều doing từ và nhiều mệnh đề

Ghi chú : Khi diễn tả 2 ý xác định giống nhau, người ta dùng TOO hoặc SO đi kèm với câu có từ nối AND
EX: You are tired and I am too.

S + to be …… and + S + be + too hoặc So + be + S
Ex: Mary writes a report class so does Minh

S + V + …… and + S + do, does, did + too hoặc So + do, does, did + S

* But là liên từ nối 2 mệnh đề với nhau, nhưng cả 2 ý tưởng trái ngược nhau
Ex: His father is a doctor but his mother isn’t.

* BECAUSE : Là liên từ được dùng để kết nối hai mệng đề, biểi thị cho sự liên hệ giữa 2 ý tưởng với nhau .
Ex: I did it because he told me to.

* SO : là liên từ . Nó đuợc dsùnh để diễn đạt 1 kết quả ,1 lý do. SO đứng đầu mệnh đề. SO : vì vậy vì thế,
bởi vậy .

Ex: It hasn’t rained for ages, so the ground is very dry.

* THEREFORE và HOWEVER (Gần giống như therefore): Là trạng từ nó biểu lộ sự ít thân mật. Nó thường
nằm ở vị trí giữa câu.Nhưng nó có thể nằm ở đầu hoặc cuối câu hoặc ngay sau chủ ngữ. Therefore: vì vậy ,vì
thế

Ex: He’s only 17 and therefore not eligible( tư cách ) to vote( bỏ phiếu bầu)
6. SUGGEST + V+ing

S + suggest + O + infinitive
S + suggest + V+ing

S + suggest + that + clause

Ex: She suggest climbing up the top of the hill.

Ghi chú ; đuợc dùng trong that + clause khi đứng sau động từ suggest
Ex: I suggest that Mary should visit the national park after breakfast
 VII : Chọn các đại từ thích hợp :

1. I go to school with (him, he , his , your) every day .
2. I see (she, her, herself, me) at the park every Sunday.
3. She speaks to ( us, we , ourselves, her) every morning.
4. Isn’t (she, her, him, you) a nice person.

5. (He, Him, Me, Your) is going to New York on vacation.
6. (She, Her, Me , His ) and John gave the money to the boy.

7. (Yours , Yours , Me ,Him ) record is scratched and (I, His ,Her, We) is too.
8. I hurt (my, me, myself, its) leg.

9. John bought (himself, hiself, herself, myself ) a new coat.

10. (We, Us, Your, Ourselves) girls are going camping over the weekend.
11. Mr. Jones cut (himself, herself, myself, themselves ) shaving.

12. We like (our, ourselves , us, me ) new car very much.
13. The dog bit (she, her, herself, my) on the leg.

14. John (he, himself, his , her) went to the meeting .
15. You’ll stick (you, your, yourself, his ) with the pins .

16. Mary and (I , me, my, Our) would rather go to the movies .

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17. Everyone has to do (their, his , herself, us) own research.
18. Just between you and (I, me, him, my) .I don’t like this food .
19. Monday is a holiday for (we, us, our, hers) teachers.

20. (Her, Hers, Me , I) car does not go as fast as (our, us, we, him) car.
21. Take care (you, your, yourself, his ), Ann .

22. We’ve bought some food with ( me , we, us, our).
23. Who’s there ? Only (me, I, mine, myself).

24. Everyone has to leave (his , their, its, her) bags outside.
25. It was (he, his, him, himself) who called you .

26. John and Tom , you (you, your, yourselves, yours ) have to do it .
27. Is that Mary over there? Yes, that’s (she, her, herself, hers) .
28. This parcel is for Tom and (me, I, mine, myself) .

29. Could you lent Sue your ruler? (she, her, herself, hers) has just been broken.
30. Just help (you, your, yourself, yours) to sandwiches, won’t you ?

31. Mary and (me, I, mine, myself) would rather go to the cinema.
32. The manager (he, himself, his , him) welcomed us to the hotel.

33. Who does this CD belong to ? (me, I, mine, myself) . I’ve just bought it .

34. John’s shoes were worn out, so he bought (him, his , them, himself) a pair of new shoes.
35. Tom and (her , herself, she, me) gave the money to the boss

36. There’s no need to shout, I can hear (you, your, yourselves, yours )
37. (you, your, yourselves, yours) father is a dentist.

38. (It ,Its, Itself, Ourselves) is important to keep it somewhere safe.
39. (He, His, Him ,Your) wants to leave now.

40. His letters are all about (him, his , he, himself).

1. TENSES
9. Present simple ( Hiện tại đơn )

a. Form ( hình thức) Động từ thường

 Khẳng định: I / you / we / they + verb ……
He / she / it,Mary,Tom .. + verb (+ s / es )……
 Phủ định : I / you / we / they + don’t + verb….

He / she / it,Mary,Tom .. + doesn’t + verb……
 Nghi vaán : Do + I / you / we / they + verb…..?

Does + he / she / it ,Mary,Tom .. + verb……?
Với động từ TO BE

(+) I am

You , We ,They are
 He , She , It is

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(-) I am not
 You , We ,They arenot
 He , She , It isnot

(?) Am I ?
 Are You , We ,They ?

Is He , She , It ,Mary,Tom,Tuan.. ?
b. Use ( cách dùng )

 Diễn tả hành động xảy ra thường xuyên hoặc một thói quen ở hiện tại.
Ex: Do you often go to the cinema ?

- Diễn tả hành động lúc đang nói( trong câu khơng có dữ kiện )
- Dùng trong câu điều kiện lọai 1 (trong mệnh đề phụ)
 Cách nhận biết:

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always (luoân luoân),

often (thường),

usually/generally (thường thường),
sometimes (thỉnh thoảng),

rarely/seldom (hiếm khi),

never (khơng bao giờ),

every + time (hằng, mọi ….)

once / twice …+ a + time (một / hai ..lần )

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Time expressions ( Cụm từ thời gian)

 Always, usually, sometimes, often, normally, generally, occasionally, as a rule, never, rarely, seldom, …
Every: everyday, every morning, every Saturday…

 Three times a week, twice a month, from time to time…

1. TLĐ_______ WHEN _____________HTĐ
2. HTĐ _______AFTER_________ ______TLĐ
3. TLĐ_______ BEFORE _____________HTĐ
4. TLĐ_______ AS SOON AS_____________HTĐ
5. HTĐ_______ THAT ________HTHT

6. TLĐ_______ UNTIL _____________HTĐ
7. TLĐ_______ BECAUSE _____________HTĐ
8. TLĐ_______ BY THE TIME_____________HTĐ
9. TLĐ_______ SO_____________HTĐ

10. TLĐ________IF________HTĐ

10. Present continuous ( Hiện tại tiếp diễn )

a. Form ( hình thức)

 Khẳng định: S + am / are / is + V-ing …….
 Phủ định : S + am / are / is + not + V-ing ……
 Nghi vaán : Am / Are / Is + S + V-ing ……?

b. Use ( cách dùng )

 Diễn tả hành động đang xảy ra vào lúc nói

Ex: What’s that smell ? Something is burning in the kitchen .
 Why are you wearing that funny hat ?

I work in a bakery everyday . But I’m working in a shop this week .

Time expressions ( Cụm từ thời gian)
 Now, right now, at present, at the moment, still

Today, this week, these days, this term, this year, this summer, nowadays…

 Khơng được dùng thì HTTD và QKTD với các động từ tri giác sau đây: Like, Dislike, Detest, Fear, Respect, Loathe, Hate, Love,

(chứa đựng), Keep (tiếp tục), Admire (khâm phục), belong, need, TO BE ..

- I perceive her smile as an ironic remark (T«i nhËn thÊy nơ cêi cđa c« ta là một lời nhận xét mỉa mai), chứ không nói I am

perceiving her smile as an ironic remark .
11. Simple past ( Quá khứ đơn )

a. Form ( hình thức)  Khẳng định: S + V2 / V-ed ……
 Phủ định : S + didn’t + V1 ….

 Nghi vaán : Did + S + V1 …..?
Với động từ TO BE

( +) I ( He , She , It , Tên người số ít) was
 You ( We , They ) were

b. Use ( cách dùng )

 Diễn tả hành động xảy ra và chấm dứt tại một thời điểm hoặc khoảng thời gian xác định trong quá khứ .
Ex: He met her yesterday.

He lived in Hanoi from 1990 to 2000.
 They didn’t meet each other last night.

- Dùng sau hành động khác trong quá khứ(đi với thì QKHT) (CĨ before, after, by the time, that..)
- Hành động khác cắt ngang( QKĐ – QKTD( CÓ when xuất hiện) )

- Dùng trong câu điều kiện lọai 2(chia trong mệnh đề phụ(be = were))
- Chỉ thói quen trong quá khứ.

 Cách nhận biết: yesterday, ago, last + time , in + year , from… to .
Time expressions ( Cụm từ thời gian)

 Yesterday, yesterday morning, in the past, in 1985, when I was young, when I was a child…

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 Last: last night, last year, last month, last summer
 Ago: two days ago, three weeks ago, a month ago

1. ___QKTD___WHEN ____QKĐ____
2. ___QKHT___WHEN ____QKĐ____
3. ___QKTD___WHEN ___QKTD____
4. ___QKĐ____WHEN____QKĐ____
5. ___QKHT____BY THE TIME __QKĐ____
6. ___QKĐ____AFTER ___QKHT___
7. ____QKHT___BEFORE____QKĐ___
8. ___QKĐ______WHILE ____QKTD___
9. ____QKTD___ WHILE___QKTD___
10. ___QKHT_____AS SOON AS____QKĐ____
11. ___QKĐ_____THAT ____QKHT___

12. ____QKĐ_____AS ______QKTD___
13. _____QKĐ____BECAUSE___QKHT_____
14. _____QKHT____UNTIL_____QKĐ___

15. ____TLTQK(S + Would,Should, Could…+ V1)___IF ____QKĐ_____

12. Past continuous ( Quá khứ tiếp diễn )

a. Form ( hình thức)  Khẳng định: S + were / was + V-ing …….

 Phủ định : S + were / was + not + V-ing ……
 Nghi vaán : Were / Was + S + V-ing ……?

b. Use ( cách dùng )

Ex: While I was having a bath, the phone rang .
 He was making some coffee when we arrived .
 Diễn tả hai hành động đang diễn ra cùng một lúc.

Ex: I was learning my lesson while my parents were watching TV at 8.30 last night.
 While he was playing football, we were listening to music.

 Cách nhận biết:

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At that moment ( vào lúc đó)
At that time ( vào lúc đó)

At this time yesterday ( vào lúc này hôm qua)

At this time last night ( vào lúc này tối hôm qua)

At 4 (5, 6 …) o'clock yesterday (vào lúc 4 (5, 6…) giờ hôm
qua.)All day yesterday ( suốt ngày hôm qua)

13. Present perfect ( Hiện tại hoàn thành )

a. Form ( Hình thức )

Khẳng định : I/ you /we /they + have + V3 / V-ed ….
He /she /it + has + V3 / V-ed
Phuû ñònh : S + have / has + not + V3 / V-ed …
Nghi vaán : Have / has + S + V3 / V-ed …. ?

b. Use (Cách dùng )

 Dùng để chỉ hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ và kéo dài đến hiện tại :
Ex: I have learnt English for 4 years .

My mother has decorated the house since yesterday.
 He has seen that actor many times.

- Hành động vừa mới xảy ra.

- Không xác định thời gian trong quá khứ.
- Hành động lặp đi lặp lại nhiều lần trong hiện tại
 Cách nhận biết:

for (suốt)

since (kể từ)

up to now / so far / until now / up to present (cho tới nay )

for ages ( đã lâu ) 
just (vừa mới)
already (rồi)

recently / lately (gaàn đây)
never

ever 
still (vẫn)
not…yet (chưa)

several times = many times (nhiều laàn)

NOTES:  FOR + khoảng thời gian Ex: for 3 hours , for a long time 
  SINCE + mốc thời gian Ex: since 1968 , since last Christmas

Time expressions ( Cụm từ thời gian)

 Since, for,Just, recently, lately, already, never, ever, yet, so far, until now, up to now, for ages, for a long
time, up to the present, how long,in the last few years…

Lưu ý: Các trạng từ trên chỉ được dùng kèm với thì hiện tạ hồn thành trong các câu đơn. Nếu câu từ hai mệnh đềø trở lên thì ta
phải dựa vào ngữ cảnh chứ khơng chỉ dựa vào các trạng từ đó.)

____HTHT ___SINCE ____QK Đ

14. Present perfect continuous ( Hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn )

a. Form (Hình thức)

Khẳng định : I/ you /we /they + have + been + V- ing ….

He /she /it ,Mary,Tom,Mai…. + has + been + V- ing
Phủ định : S + have / has + not + been + V- ing …

Nghi vaán : Have / has + S + been + V- ing …. ?

b. Use (Cách dùng )  Nhấn mạnh sự liên tục của hành động kéo dài từ trong quá khứ và vẫn còn đang tiếp diễn.

Ex: I’ve been working for the same company for twelve years.
 How long have you been playing football ?

15. Past perfect ( Q khứ hồn thành )

a. Form ( Hình thức )

Khẳng định : S + had + V3 / V-ed …
Phủ định : S + had + not + V3 / V-ed …
Nghi vaán : Had + S + V3 / V-ed …. ?

b. Use (Cách dùng )

 Diễn tả hành động xảy ra trước một hành động khác hoặc thời điểm khác trong quá khứ .
- Dùng trong câu điều kiện lọai 3(chia trong mệnh đề phụ)

 Cách nhận biết: before, after, by the time, when, as soon as.

Ex: My parents had already eaten by the time I got home.
 Until yesterday , I had never heard about it .

Time expressions ( Cụm từ thời gian)

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By + (the past time): by 2003, by last year

By the time + clause: by the time we got there, by the time you went to bad…
Before, after, when, already,

7. _____QKĐ____BECAUSE___QKHT_____
8. _____QKHT____UNTIL_____QKĐ___

9. ____QKHT__IF ___PAST SUBJUNTIVE (S + WOULD,SHOULD, COULD, MIGHT + HAVE + PP)

16. Past perfect continuous ( Quá khứ hồn thành tiếp diễn )

a. Form ( Hình thức )

Khẳng định : S + had + been + V-ing …
Phủ định : S + had + not + been + V-ing …
Nghi vaán : Had + S + been + V-ing …. ?

b. Use (Cách dùng )

 Dùng để nhấn mạnh tính liên tục của một hành động xảy ra trước một hành động khác hay một thời điểm khác cũng
trong quá khứ.

Ex: She had been studying English before she came here for classes.

The police had been looking for the criminal for two years before they caught him .
9. Simple future ( Tương lai đơn )

a.Form ( Hình thức )

Khẳng định : S + will / shall + V1 …
Phủ định : S + will / shall + not + V1 …
Nghi vaán : Will / Shall + S + V1 …. ?

b.Use (Cách dùng )

 Diễn tả hành động sẽ xảy ra tại một thời điểm nào đó trong tương lai : tomorrow , next + time
Ex: He will finish his work tomorrow.

We shall have our examination next month.

 Diễn đạt một đề nghị , một yêu cầu , hay sự mời mọc ( thường ở dạng câu hỏi ).
Ex: Will you go shopping with me now ?

-Diễn tả sự việc khơng chắc chắn.
Time expressions ( Cụm từ thời gian)
Next: next week, next month, next summer…

Someday, soon, in 2050, in two weeks, in three days, tomorrow…
I think, I am sure, promise, hope …

1. TLĐ_______ WHEN _____________HTĐ
2. HTĐ _______AFTER_________ ______TLĐ
3. TLĐ_______ BEFORE _____________HTĐ
4. TLĐ_______ AS SOON AS_____________HTĐ
5. HTĐ_______ THAT _______TLĐ

6. TLĐ_______ UNTIL _____________HTĐ
7. TLĐ_______ BECAUSE _____________HTĐ
8. TLĐ_______ BY THE TIME_____________HTĐ
9. TLĐ_______ SO_____________HTĐ

10. TLĐ________IF________HTĐ
10. Future continuous ( Tương lai tiếp diễn )

a.Form ( Hình thức )

Khẳng định : S + will / shall + be + V-ing …
Phủ định : S + will / shall + be + not + V-ing …
Nghi vaán : Will / Shall + S + be + V-ing …. ?

b.Use (Cách dùng )

 Diễn tả hành động sẽ đang diễn ra tại một thời điểm xác định trong tương lai.
 Ex: Don’t phone at 8.00 . I’ll be having supper.

This time tomorrow I ‘ll be flying to New York .

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 Dùng để hỏi về những kế hoạch hay dự tính của ngưới khác , nhất là khi chúng ta muốn cái gì đó hay muốn người nào
làm điều gì đó .

a.Form ( Hình thức )

Khẳng định : S + will / shall + have + V3 / V-ed …
Phủ định : S + will / shall + not + have + V3 / V-ed …
Nghi vaán : Will / Shall + S + have + V3 / V-ed …. ?

b.Use (Caùch dùng )

By next Christmas, he will have lived in Dalat for 5 years.
2. VERB FORMS
A / LIST OF VERBS FOLLOWED BY V.ING

1. admit thừa nhận

2. advise khuyên bảo

3. allow cho phép

4. avoid tránh né, tránh xa

5. complete hồn thành

6. consider cân nhắc, xem xét

7. continue tiếp tục

8. can’t help không thể không

9. can’t stand khơng thể chịu được

10. delay hỗn lại

11. deny phủ nhận

12. discuss thảo luận

13. dislike không thích

14. enjoy thích thú

15. encourage khuyến khích

16. finish hồn thành, kết thúc

17. forbid cấm đoán

18. give up từ bỏ

19. keep (on) cứ , cứ tiếp tục

20. mention đề cập đến , nói về

21. mind chú ý,quan tâm

22. miss bỏ lỡ

23. permit cho phép

24. postpone trì hỗn

25. practise luyện tập , thực hành

26. quit bỏ , từ bỏ , ngừng nghỉ

27. recommend đề nghị

28. resent giận , oán giận

29. resist cưỡng lại , chống lại

30. suggest đề nghị

31. tolerate khoan dung , tha thứ

32. understand hieåu

B / LIST OF VERBS FOLLOWED BY TO - INFINITIVE 
1. afford có đủ tiền

2. agree đồng ý

3. appear dường như

4. arrange sắp đặt , thu sếp

5. ask yêu cầu

6. beg năn nỉ , cầu xin

7. consent ưng thuận

8. decide quyết ñònh

9. demand đòi hỏi

10. deserve đáng , xứng đáng

11. expect mong đợi

12. fail quên , thất bại

13. hesitate do dự

14. hope hy voïng

15. learn hoïc

16. manage xoay xở

17. mean có ý , muốn nói
18. offer đề nghị

19. plan lập kế hoạch
20. prepare chuẩn bị

21. pretend làm ra vẻ , giả vờ
22. promise hứa

23. refuse từ chối
24. seem trơng có vẻ

25. struggle đấu tranh , gắng sức
26. swear thề

27. threaten đe dọa
28. volunteer tình nguyện
29. wait đợi

30. want muốn
31. wish ước muốn

C / LIST OF VERBS FOLLOWED BY AN OBJECT + TO - INFINITIVE 
1. advise khuyeân bảo

2. allow cho phép

3. ask yêu cầu

4. beg năn nỉ

5. cause khiến cho , gây ra

6. challenge thách thức

7. convince thuyết phục

8. darethách thức

9. encourage khuyến khích

10. expect mong đợi

11. forbid cấm , ngăn cấm

12. force bắt buộc , ép buoäc

13. instruct chỉ dẫn , hướng dẫn

14. invite mời

15. need cần

16. order ra lệnh

17. permit cho phêp

18. persuade thuyết phục

19. remind nhắc nhở

20. require u cầu , địi hỏi

21. teach dạy

22. tell bảo

23. urgethúc , thúc giục

24. want muốn

25. warn cảnh báo

26. recommend đề nghị

D/LIST OF VERBS FOLLOWED BY EITHER A V.ING OR A TO - INFINITIVE ( with a difference in meaning )
1 . Stop :

§ stop + v.ing : ngừng làm công việc đang làm.

Ex : He was writing; and when I came in, he stopped writing and looked at me.
§ stop + to infinitive : ngừng lại để làm một việc khác. (a purpose)

Ex : He was speaking on the phone when the door bell rang. He stopped to answer the door
2 . Forget / Remember :

§ forget / remember + v.ing : quên hoặc nhớ điều gì đã xảy ra trong qúa khứ.

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Ex : I remember playing with dolls when I was a child.
I never forget winning the scholarship last year.

§ forget / remember + to infinitive : quên hoặc nhớ thực hiện trách nhiệm, bổn phận hay cơng việc nào đó trong hiện tại
hoặc tương lai.

Ex : I always remember to lock the front door before going to school.
Don’t forget to phone me when you return home tomorrow.
3 . Regret :

§ regret + v.ing : tiếc điều gì đã xảy ra trong qúa khứ.

Ex : I regret lending him money. He never paid it back to me.

§ regret + to infinitive : tiếc là phải nói hoặc thơng báo cho ai về điều gì khơng hay.
Ex : I regret to tell you that you failed the college entrance examination.

4 . Need :

§ need + v.ing : (passive meaning) cần phải được .
Ex : My house is rather old. It needs repainting.

§ need + to infinitive : cần phải làm điều gì (mà chưa làm được)
Ex : She needs to study harder so that she can pass the final test.
5 . Try :

§ try + v.ing : thử làm điều gì để xem có được hay khơng.
§ try + to infinitive : cố gắng

E / SPECIAL EXPRESSIONS FOLLOWED BY THE ING-FORM

1 . have fun / have a good time : thích thú, vui vẻ.

2 . have trouble / have difficulty / have a hard time / have a
difficult time : gặp khó khăn trong việc gì.

3 . spend / waste + (time) + v.ing
4 . sit / stand / lie + (place) + v.ing

5 . find / catch + object + v.ing : thấy hay bắt gặp ai đang làm gì.

6 . to be no good / no use + v.ing : vô ích

7 . to be worth / worthwhile + v.ing : đáng, xứng đáng.
8 . to be busy + v.ing : bận làm gì.

9 . There is no point in + v.ing

10. can’t stand = can’t help: không thể không

F / GO + V.ING

1. go birdwatching : đi xem triển lãm chim
2. go camping : đi cắm trại

3. go dancing : đi khiêu vũ
4. go fishing : đi câu cá
5. go hiking : đi bộ
6. go hunting : đi săn

7. go jogging : đi chạy bộ
8. go mountain climbing : đi leo núi

9. go sailing : đi chèo thuyền
10. go shopping : đi mua sắm
11. go window shopping : đi dạo
12. go swimming : đi bơi

G / S + V + O + BARE INFINITIVE / V.ING 
1. feel : cảm thấy

2. hear : nghe

3. listen to a : lắng nghe

4. notice : chú ý

5. observe : quan sát

6. perceive : cảm nhận

7. see : thấy

8. watch : xem

9. hark at : nghe kìa

10. smell : ngửi

11. look at : nhìn

H / V + O + BARE INFINITIVE

have : nhờ make : bắt let : để, cho phép help : giúp đỡ

I/ NHỮNG TRƯỜNG HỢP ĐẶC BIỆT

1. IT IS TIME + S + VED/2 (QUÁ KHỨ) : Đến giờ để chúng ta làm gì:
Ex: It's time we went.

2. S + WOULD RATHER + S + VED/ (QUÁ KHỨ): Ai muốn/ thích ai làm gì hơn
Ex: I would rather you did the test well.

3. S + SUGGEST + V-ING: Ai đề nghị nên làm chuyện gì
Ex: I suggest fixing the faucet.

4. S + SUGGEST + (THAT) + S + SHOULD + V: Ai đề nghị ai nên làm chuyện gì
Ex: I suggest that we should turn off the faucet.

3. TAG QUESTIONS
Affirmative statement, negative tag?

Negative statement, affirmative tag?

Eg: They won’t answer the questions, will they?
Helen can speak English very well, can’t she?
My mother is very beautiful, isn’t she?

Hoa makes the questions, doesn’t she?
Nam didn’t agree with you, did he?
My father went to the cinema, didn’t he?

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b. Imperatives and Requests ( Câu mệnh lệnh và câu yêu cầu):

. Imperatives:

+ Có phần đuôi là wont you? và diễn tả lời mời:

Eg: Take your seat, won’t you? (Mêi «ng ngåi)
 + Có phần đuôi là will you? và diễn tả lời yêu cầu .

Eg: Open the door, will you? ( Xin vui lßng më cưa)
 . Requests:

Eg: Please keep silient, will you? (Vui lòng giữ im lỈng)

Please don’t make noise, will you? ( Xin vui lòng đừng làm ồn)
 c. Phần đuôi của câu với “ Let’s + V ...” : là “Shall we ?”

Eg: Let’s go swimming, shall we? (Chóng ta ®i b¬i nhÐ)

d. Nothing, đợc thay là thế bằng “ It” ở câu hỏi đuôi:

Eg : Nothing gives you more pleasure than listening to music, does it ?

e. Noone, Nobody, anyone, anybody, someone, somebody, everybody, everyone đợc thay thế bằng “They”

Eg: Someone remembered to leave the messages, didn’t they?

L
 u ý:

 Nothing, Nobody đợc dùng trong mệnh đề chính, động từ ở câu hỏi đuôi sẽ phải ở dạng thức xác định.

Eg: Nobody phoned while I was out, did they?
 This/ That đợc thay thế là “It”.

Eg: This won’t take long, will it?
 These/ Those đợc thay thế là “They”.

Eg: Those are nice, aren’t they?

4. COMPARISION OF ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS 
(Các hình thức so sánh của tính từ và trạng từ)

a. Absolute ( So sánh bằng):

 Khẳng định : bằng, như
Ex: My sister is as tall as me.

 Phủ định : không … bằng

x : She does not work so/as hard as her friends (do).
b. Comparative ( Só sánh hơn )

 Với tính từ và trạng từ ngắn: : …. hơn

Ex: Ann is taller than me.
 Với tính từ và trạng từ dài

Ex: This exercise is more difficult than that one.

NOTES:

 Tính từ (trạng từ) ngắn gồm các tính từ có một âm tiết và các tính từ có 2 âm tiết mà tận cùng bằng: -y, -ow, -er, -le, -et
Ex: Happy  happier narrow  narrower quiet  quieter

Clever  Cleverer simple  simpler

 Tính từ ngắn tận cùng là một phụ âm, trước nó là một ngun âm thì gấp đôi phụ âm cuối trước khi thêm ER
Ex: Hot  hotter big  bigger

c. Superlative ( So sánh nhất )
 Với tính từ và trạng từ ngắn:

Ex: The Nile is the longest river in the world. 
 Với tính từ và trạng từ dài

Ex: That was the most interesting story I've ever read

Các trường hợp bất qui tắc:

Adj./Adv Comparative Superlative

Good, well better the best

Bad, badly worse the worst

Many, much more the most

Little less the least

Far farther/further the farthest/furthest

Ex: They all behaved badly, but Peter behaved the worst.

Anne feels much better today.

AS + Adj/Adv + AS

NOT SO/AS + Adj/Adv + AS

Adj./Adv. + ER + THAN 
MORE + Adj./ Adv. + THAN

THE + Adj. + EST

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Ex: The standard of living is getting better and better.
The tests are more and more difficult.

b. So sánh kép miêu tả hai sự việc cùng song song phát triển, thay đổi ở sự kiện này sẽ kèm theo thay đổi ở sự kiện kia.

Ex: The more you learn, the better you know about the world.

5. RELATIVE CLAUSES

 Mệnh đề quan hệ giới hạn

 Relative pronouns : WHO – WHOM –

Người WHO(THAY CHO S)(HE,SHE,THEY)+ BE/V/ MODAL VERBS

Người WHOM(THAY CHO O)(HIM ,HER,THEM)+ S

Người WHOSE( thay cho POSS ADJECTIVE) (HIS,HER,ITS,THEIR) + Noun

Vaät WHICH (THAY CHO S)(IT,,THEY)+ BE/V/ MODAL VERBS

Vaät WHICH (THAY CHO O)(it, their)+ S

WHICH – WHOSE - THAT

6. The woman is my mother. She wears a hat.
 The woman who / that wears a hat is my mother .
7. My mother is the person. I always think of her.

 My mother is the person whom / that I always think of .
8. The bicycle is beautiful. You are looking at it.

 The bicycle which / that you are looking at is beautiful.
9. The book is my teacher’s . It is on the table.

 The book which / that is on the table is my teacher’s.
10. He is the boy. His father is the director of this company.
 He is the boy whose father is the director of this company .
 Relative adverbs : WHERE – WHEN – WHY

 I went to the office in which my father works.

 I went to the office where my father works.

Ex: He refused my invitation. The reason is unknown.
  The reason why he refused my invitation is unknown.

NOTE : “ where , when , why “ không bao giờ đi sau giới từ .

Chức năng Mệnh đề quan hệ giới hạn Mệnh đề quan hệ không giới hạn
Chủ ngữ

Người WHO/THAT WHO

Vaät WHICH/THAT WHICH

Tân ngữ

Người WHOM/THAT/ WHOM

Vaät WHICH/THAT/ WHICH

Sở hữu Người WHOSE WHOSE

Vaät WHOSE/ OF WHICH WHOSE/ OF WHICH

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Ex: Michael Jackson is an American singer. I saw him on TV yesterday.
  Michael Jackson , whom I saw on TV yesterday , is an American singer.
NOTES

d. “That” thường được dùng trong các trường hợp sau:
 Khi từ đi trước chỉ người và vật .

Ex: The girls and flowers that he painted were vivid.

Ex: You are the person that I have been looking for. She is the ugliest girl that I’ve ever seen.
 I have never seen anyone that is as lovely as she .

e. “That” không bao giờ được dùng trong các trường hợp sau:
 Đại từ quan hệ có giới từ đứng trước

Ex: The house in which / in that I live is my father’s.

That is the man from whom / from that I borrowed the car.
 Mệnh đề quan hệ không giới hạn

Ex: Viet Nam, which / that is in the south-east Asia, exports rice.

f. Trong mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định ( không giới hạn ) , danh từ xác định thường là :
 Danh từ riêng : Nam, Hong , Mr. Smith, Mrs. Green ….

 Đại từ chỉ định : this , that , these, those

 Tính từ sở hữu : my, your , our , their , his, her .

Ex:  Mr. Pike is very nice. He is my neighbor.  Mr. Pike , who is my neighbor , is very nice.
 This matter is of great importance. You should pay attention to it

 This matter , to which you should pay attention, is of great importance.

 Do you see my pen ? I’ve just written the lesson with it .  Do you see my pen, with which I’ve just written the lesson 
6. STRUCTURES OF “USE”

a. Be used to + Ving /Noun/ Noun phrases : = be accustomed to + V-ing = get used to + V-ing : quen với, thích hợp với
Ex : Women are used to being independent.

I am used to hot weather.

b. Used to + bare infinitive : đã từng, thường ( thói quen trong quá khứ )
( didn’t use to + V1 / Did + S + use to + V1?)

Ex : He used to smoke a lot of cigarette.
c. Use + noun : dùng

Ex : I have used this book for many years.

d. Be used for + Ving / be used to + V1 : được dùng để ( công dụng của một vật )

Ex : Money is used for buying and selling goods. = Money is used to buy and sell goods.
7. WISH CLAUSES

Ex: I wish I would fly to Hanoi tomorrow.

She wish she had enough time to study now.

They wish they had come to the party last night.

8. CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

Loại Main clauses If clause

1. Điều kiện có thể xảy ra ở tương lai Simple present

(hiện tại đơn) will/shall … + V1

2. Điều kiện không thể xảy ra ở hiện tại Simple past (Quá khứ đơn )

(be  were ) would /should /… + V1

3. Điều kiện không thể xảy ra ở quá khứ Past perfect (Quá khứ hoàn thành )

would/should… + have + V3/V-ed

Note: 1. Unless = If … not ( nếu không, trừ phi)

1. Mong ước không thể xảy ra ở tương lai: WOULD + V1

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Ex: Supposing you won a lot of money, what would you do?
4. In case: phòng khi, trong trường hợp

Ex: Take an umbrella with you in case it rains.

9. PASSIVE VOICE
Ex:

Active: Mr. Smith taught English.

Passive: English was taught by Mr. Smith.

BẢNG TÓM TẮT CÁC THÌ Ở BỊ ĐỘNG

TENSE ( Thì ) ACTIVE ( Câu chủ động ) PASSIVE ( Câu bị động )

7. Past perfect (QKHT)

S + will/shall/can/could/must…+ V3 /
V-ed

S + have/has/ought to + V1…
S + had + V3/ Ved

S + will/shall/can/could/must+ be + V3/V-ed
S + have/has/ought to + be + V3/V-ed…
S + had + been + V3/ Ved

NOTES

1. Bị động 2 mênh đề ( believe, know, think, say, report…)
Câu chủ động :

Câu bị động :

Ex : 1. People believe that 13 is an unlucky number
 It is believed that 13 is an unlucky number
 13 is believed to be an unlucky number

Model 1 : 
Câu chủ động :

Câu bị động :

Ex : I had the garage repair my car

People / they + V1 (consider/ know / believe/ say /…) + …that + S + V2 + …
It + is / was + past participle (V1) + that + S + V2 +…

to infinitive …. (khi V2 ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai)

S + be + past participle (V1) +

to have + V3/V-ed …. (khi V2 ở quá khứ)

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Câu chủ động :
Câu bị động :

Ex : I get her to make some coffee.
 I get some coffee made.

10. PHRASES and CLAUSES OF PURPOSE

( Cụm từ và mệnh đề chỉ mục đích )

a. Phrases of purpose ( Cụm từ chỉ mục đích )

Ex : I learn English to study abroad. = I learn English in order to study abroad.

He got up early so as not to miss the train. = He got up early in order not to miss the train.

b. Clauses of purpose (Mệnh đề chỉ mục đích )

Ex : I’m buying some paint so that I can paint my room. = I’m buying some paint in order that I can paint my room.
11. SOME USEFUL STRUCTURES

1. MODEL 1

BECAUSE / SINCE / AS + CLAUSE

Ex: a. Because she behaves well, everybody loves her.= Because of her good behavior, everybody loves her.
b. As he behaved badly, he must be punished. = Because of his bad behavior, he must be punished.

c. Since I can’t read Italian, I have to read English. = Because of my ability to read Italian, I have to read English.
2. MODEL 2

Ex Although it rains, we go to school on time. = Despite / In spite of the rain, we go to school on time.
3. MODEL 3

Ex: I find it hard to live on my salary.
I think it a good thing to be accurate
4. MODEL 4

: (Ai) mất (thời gian) bao lâu để làm gì
Ex: It takes me half an hour to ride to school.

5. CLASUES OF RESULT

BECAUSE OF / DUE TO + NOUN / NOUN PHRASE / GERUNDS

ALTHOUGH / THOUGH / EVEN THOUGH + CLAUSE

DESPITE / IN SPITE OF + NOUN / NOUN PHRASE / GERUNDS

To–infinitive

In order (not) to / so as (not ) to + V1

So that

+ S + modal verbs + V1
 ( will / would / can /could… )

In order that

S + V + so +much / many + noun + THAT + CLAUSE
S + V + such ( a /an) + adj +noun

S + V + such + a lot of + noun

S + V (find/consider/believe/make . . .) + it + ADJ / NOUN + TO–inf

It takes/took + (somebody) + (time) + to-inf

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4. It was such a heavy box that the children couldn’t carry it.

12. THE PRONUNCIATION Of THE ENDINGS: -S/ES and -ED
A. Cách phát âm đuôi S/ES của động từ ngôi thứ ba số ít, danh từ số nhiều, và sở hữu cách.

 Đäc là /S/ nếu sau từ tận cùng bằng các âm nh /k/, /p/, /f/, /θ/,/t/.

Plural nouns 3rd – singular verbs Possessives

/p/
/t/
/f/
/k/
/θ/
maps /mæps/
cats / kæts /
laughs / lɑ:fs /
books / buks /
lengths / leηθs /

stops / stops/
calculates /'kælkjuleits/
laughs / la:fs /
attacks / ə'tæks /

Janet’s / zænets/
Cliff’s / klifs/
Frank’s / frổks/
Gareths / gares /

ọc là /IZ/ sau các tõ tËn cïng b»ng ©m /ks/, /∫/, /t∫/, /s/ , /dʒ/, /ʒ/, /z/.

Plural nouns 3rd – singular verbs Possessives

/s/
/ks/
/ /
/t/
//

/d/
/z/
glasses
boxes
wishes
churches
garages
pages
bruises
misses
mixes
washes
matches
massages
stages
rises
Bruces
Felixs
Trishs
Goochs
Solanges
Gorges
Roses
 ọc là /Z/ sau các từ tận cùng bằng các phụ âm còn lại, và tất cả các nguyên âm.

Plural nouns 3rd singular verbs Possessives

/b/
/v/
/d/

/g/
/l/
/m/
/n/
/η/
/əu/
/ei/
/eə/
cubs
caves
beds
eggs
hills
rooms
pens
rings
potatoes
days
hairs
robs
lives
reads
digs
fills
comes
learns
brings
goes
plays
wears

Bob’s
Olive’s
Donald’s
Peg’s
Daniel’s
Tom’s
Jane’s
King’s
Jo’s
Clay’s
Clare’s

B. Cách phát âm đuôi ED của động từ có quy tắc.

 Đäc lµ /id/ sau từ tận cùng bằng âm /d/ hoặc /t/.

need – needed decide – decided want – wanted start – started
 Đäc lµ /t/ sau tõ tËn cïng b»ng ©m /k/, /p/, /f/, /s/, /∫/, /t∫/, /θ/, /ks/

wash – washed book – booked stop – stopped watch – watched fax – faxed....
 Đäc lµ /d/ sau tõ tận cùng bằng các âm còn lại.

play – played plan – planned offer – offered bathe – bathed call – called borrow – borrowed

* Các tính từ tận cùng bằng ED thì đi ED cũng đợc phát âm nh cách phát âm của động từ có quy tắc. Tuy nhiên, một số tính từ cổ tận 
cùng bằng -ed, hoặc một số trạng từ tận cùng bằng -edly, thì -ed đợc phát âm là /id/.

Adjectives:

/id/ naked : kháa th©n crooked : cong, o»n ragged : nhµu, cịwretched : khèn khỉ

rugged : gå ghỊ learned : uyên bác

Adverbs:

/id/ deservedly : xứng đáng supposedly: cho là markedly : một cách rõ ràng, đáng chú ý allegedly : cho rằng
13. SUBJECT and VERB AGREEMENT

( Sự hồ hợp giữa chủ ngữ và động từ )
1. Những trường hợp động từ chia số ít:

b. Chủ ngữ là từ chỉ số lượng về tiền bạc, thời gian, khoảng cách, trọng lượng.
Ex: Ten dollars is not enough.

Three years in a strange land seems like a long time.

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Ex: That he failed the exam makes his parents sad.
Walking is good for health.

To live is to struggle.

e. Chủ ngữ là nhóm từ, câu trích, tựa sách
Ex: “War and peace” is a masterpiece by Toilstoi.

“We shall overcome” becomes international progressive slogan.

Notes : Chủ ngữ là danh từ có hình thức số nhiều nhưng thực tế chúng là những danh từ số ít

 Bệnh tật : mumps (quai bị), measles (sởi), rickets (còi xương)

 Địa danh : Wales, The United States, The United Nations, The Phillipines…
  Danh từ khác: news (tin tức), innings (hiệp đấu), billiards (bi da),

2. Những trường hợp động từ chia số nhiều:

a. Chủ ngữ gồm nhiều danh từ chỉ nhiều người hay nhiều vật:
Ex: John and Joe are roommate in this school-year.

b. Chủ ngữ là những danh từ có hình thức số nhiều: glasses, jeans, pants, trousers, scissors, pyjamas, shorts…
Ex: My trousers are torn.

c. Chủ ngữ là những đại từ hoặc cụm từ: several, both, both…and, many, few, some, all, a number of.
Ex: Several of the students were absent yesterday.

Both are good.

d. Chủ ngữ là danh từ đươc thành lạp bỡi mạo từ THE + Adjective: the blind, the rich, the poor…
Ex: The poor living here need help.

Ex: The police are coming.

3. Những trường hợp động từ chia số ít hoặc số nhiều tuỳ theo trường hợp:
a. Khi chủ ngữ là một cụm từ:

Ex: The first two parts of experiment take the most time.

b. Chủ ngữ là những danh từ được nối bởi: or, neither…nor, either…or, not only…but also: động từ hồ hợp với chủ ngữ gần nhất
Ex: Neither my mother nor my father wants me to be a teacher.

Either she or I am going to leave.

c. Chủ ngữ đi với : with, as well as, along with, together with , in addition to, accompanied by … động từ hoà hợp với chủ ngữ đầu
tiên.

Ex: John, as well as my other classmates, passes the exam.

d. Sau chủ ngữ giả: “there”, động từ tuỳ vào chủ ngữ chính hoặc chủ ngữ gần nhất :
Ex: There is a desk in the room.

There are at least several players the ball.

The family is the basic unit of our society.

f. Chủ ngữ là các đại từ quan hệ “ who, which, that “ thì động từ sẽ hoà hợp với danh từ đứng trước đại từ đó
Ex: She is one of the girls who are very kind.

You are the person who is wanted by the police.

14. REPORTED SPEECH (Câu tường thuật)
Muốn đổi từ câu trực tiếp sang câu nĩi gián tiếp phải chú ý đến :

- Đại từ nhân xưng cần phải thay đổi cho phù hợp
- Các thì và trạng từ

Ḿn đởi 1 câu nói từ Direct speech sang reported speech chúng ta phải tuân thủ nguyên tắc sau:
1.Xác định câu tường thuật loại nào

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You You Your yours Yourself ,yourselves

We Us Our ours ourselves

They Them Their theirs Themselves

Note : Nếu động từ tường thuật ở hiện tại thì ta chỉ thay đởi các đại từ
3.Ta bỏ dấu phẩy và dấu ngoặc kép

4.Thay đổi thì của động từ
5.Thay đởi ngơi, sớ của đại từ

6.Thay đổi tính từ sở hữu, đại từ sở hữu, đại từ phản thân
7.Thay đổi trạng từ chỉ thời gian

8.Thay đổi trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn
Quy tắc đổi thì và trạng từ :
Thì và

trạng từ Direct speech Reported speech

1. Thì

a. Simple present : S + V (s / es)

b. Present continuous: S + am / is /are + V-ing
c. Past simple : S + V2 / V-ed

d. Past continuous: S + was / were + V-ing 
e. Present perfect: S + have / has + V3/V-ed

f. P. Perfect continuous: S + have / has been + V-ing
g. Must / have to

h. Can / May / Will / Shall

a. Past simple : S + V2 / V-ed

b. Past continuous: S + was/were + V-ing
c. Past perfect : S + had + V3 / V-ed

d. Past perfect continuous : S + had been + V-ing
e. Past perfect : S + had + V3 / V-ed

f. Past perfect continuous : S + had been + V-ing
g. Had to

h. Could / Might / Would / Should
2. Traïng

từ

a. Now
b. Today
c. Tonight
d. Tomorrow
e. Yesterday
f. Last night
g. Ago
h. Here
i. This / These

a. Then
b. That day
c. That night

d. The next day / the following day
e. The day before

f. The night before
g. Before

h. There
i. That / Those

A. STATEMENTS (Câu phát biểu)

Ex 1 : “ She is going to America for six months”  They say ( that) she is going to America for six months
“ I went home early”  She told me she had gone home early

Note: Nếu động từ tường thuật ở thì hiện tại (say) động từ trong mệnh đề tường thuật khơng có sự thay đổi về thì 
Nếu động từ tường thuật ở quá khứ (said / told)  thì động từ trong mệnh đề tường thuật phải lùi một thì.
B. QUESTIONS (Câu hỏi )

1. YES / NO questions

Ex: She said , “ Are you thirsty , Peter ? “.  She asked Peter if (whether) he was thirsty.

He asked me, “Did you go to school yesterday ?“ He asked me if (whether) I had gone to school the day before

2. WH – QUESTIONS

Ex: He asked , “ What have you got in your bag ?”  He asked (me) what I had got in my bag
 He said , “ Mary , when is the next train ? “  He asked Mary when the next train was

C. IMPERATIVE (Mệnh lệnh)
1. AFFIRMATIVE (khẳng định)

Ex : “ Stay in bed for a few days.” The doctor said to me  The doctor told me to stay in bed for a few days

2. NEGATIVE (Phủ định)

Ex : “ Don’t wait,” he said to me  He asked me not to wait

“ Never do that again ,” she said to her son  She told her son never to do that

Các loại câu gián tiếp:
A. STATEMENTS

Ex 1 : “ She is going to America for six months”
 They say ( that) she is going to America for six months

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thì

Nếu động từ tường thuật ở quá khứ (said / told)  thì động từ trong mệnh đề tường thuật phải lùi một thì.

B. QUESTIONS

1. YES / NO questions

Ex: She said , “ Are you thirsty , Peter ? “.  She asked Peter if (whether) he was thirsty.

He asked me, “Did you go to school yesterday ?“ He asked me if (whether) I had gone to school the day before

2. WH – QUESTIONS

C. IMPERATIVE (Mệnh lệnh)
1. AFFIRMATIVE (khẳng định)

Ex : “ Stay in bed for a few days.” The doctor said to me  The doctor told me to stay in bed for a few days

2. NEGATIVE (Phủ định)

Ex : “ Don’t wait,” he said to me  He asked me not to wait

“ Never do that again ,” she said to her son  She told her son never to do that

C¸ch dïng kh¸c:

1. Let’s + V0 …. // Why don’t we + V1 ….. // What about + Ving ….

→ S + suggested + Ving ……

Ex: He said, “Let’s have a drink.” → He suggested having a drink.

Timmy said, “ Why don’t we go on a picnic” → Timmy suggested going on a picnic.

2. Why don’t you + V1 ………. ? // S + should + V0 …………..

→ S + advised + O + to + V0

Ex: She said to him, “ Why don’t you go to the doctor?”
→ She advised him to go to the doctor.

3. Yes, let’s do → agree

No, let’s not do → be against the idea.
Eg: “Let’s eat out tonight” said the mother

“Yes, let’s” said the son
“No, let’s not” said the father

→ The mother suggested eating out that night and the son agreed but the father was against the idea.

Các trờng hợp khơng đổi thì

a) khi động từ tờng thuật và động từ chính cùng thì.

Ex: My mother says to me, “you are my little pet.”
→ My mother tells me that I am her little pet.

b) Sù thËt hiĨn nhiªn

Ex: Galileo said, “ The earth goes around the sun.”
→ Galileo said (that) the earth goes around the sun.

c) Thì quá khứ đơn nêu rõ thời gian cụ thể.

Ex: Tom said to me, “ My grandfather died in 1990.”
→ Tom told me that his grandfather died in 1990.
d) Câu điều kiện loại 2,3 và cấu tróc “used to”:

Ex: “ If I had much money, I would have travel around the world.” Said the boy.
→ The boy said if he had much money he would travel around the world.

15. RELATIVE CLAUSES REPLACED BY PARTICIPLES & TO-INFINITIVES

( Mệnh đề quan hệ được thay thế bởi phân từ và động từ nguyên mẫu có TO )

1. Relative clauses replaced by participles (present and past participles)

a. Present participles (Hiện tại phân từ): được dùng khi động từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ ở dạng chủ động.

Ex: a. The boy who is playing the piano is Ben.  The boy playing the piano is Ben.

b. We have a house which overlooks the park  We have a house overlooking the park
 c. The man who spoke to John is my brother  The man speaking to John is my brother

b. Past participles (Quá khứ phân từ): được dùng khi động từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ ở dạng bị động.
 Ex: a. They live in a house that was built in 1890  They live in a house built in 1890

b. The ideas which are presented in that book are interesting. The ideas presented in that book are interesting.

2. Relative clauses replaced by to-infinitive phrases

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16. ADVERBIAL CLAUSE OF TIME
Ex: 1. They were having dinner when we came last night.

The summary about sequence of tenses in the adverbial clauses of time:

Main clause Adverbial clause of time
1. Present simple/future simple

2. Present continuous
3. Present simple

4. Past simple
5. Past continuous
6. Past continuous
7. Past perfect 
8. Past simple

Present simple
Present continuous 
Present perfect
Past simple
Past continuous
Past simple
Past simple
Past perfect

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80. Be acceptable to= có thể chấp nhận
81. Be accustomed to = quen

82. Be afraid of = sợ

83. Be agreeable to= phù hợp
84. Be amazed at = ngạc nhiên
85. Be amused at = vui

86. Be angry at (sth) = giaän về việc gì
87. Be angry with (sb) = giận ai
88. Be ashamed of = hổ thẹn về
89. Be available for

90. Be aware of = nhận thức được

91. Be acquainted with = quen với
92. Be bored with = buồn, chán nản
93. Be busy with = bận roan
94. Be capable of = có thể
95. Be close to = gần 
96. Be compared with = so với

97. Be convenient for = thuận tiện cho ai
98. Be concerned with = có liên quan
99. Be confident of = tin tưởng
100.Be contrary to = trái ngược (với)
101.Be covered with = bị che phủ
102.Be crowded with = đông đúc với
103.Be cruel to = độc ác với

104.Be delighted at = vui thích

107.Be disappointed with = thất vọng về
108.Be excited about = hào hứng
109.Be engaged to= đính hơn với
110.Be familiar with = quen với
111.Be famous for = nổi tiếng về
112.Be far from = xa với

113.Be fed up with= chán
114.Be fond of = thích

115.Be friendly with= thân thiện với
116.Be frightened of= Sơ

117.Be full of = no, đầy
118.Be good at = giỏi mơn gì
119.Be good for = tốt cho

120.Be happy with = sung sướng về
121.Be harmful to= có hại

122.Be helpful to = có ích lợi cho
123.Be interesting in = thích
124.Be important to- quan trọng
125.Be jealous of = ganh tị về
126.Be kind to = tốt với ai
127.Be late for = trễ
128.Be lucky to = may mắn

129.Be looking forward to = trông chờ
130.Be made from = được sx khơng thay

đổi chất liệu

liệu

133.Be married to = kết hôn với
134.Be nice to = tốt với ai
135.Be open to = mở ra

136.Be pleased with = hài lòng với
137.Be pleasant to = cởi mở (với)
138.Be polite to = lễ phép
139.Be popular with = phổ biến

140.Be presented with = được trao tặng 
với

141.Be proud of = tự hào về
142.Be rude to = thô lỗ với
143.Be rich in = giàu về
144.Be safe from

145.Be satisfied with = thoả mãn
146.Be scared of = e dè, sợ
147.Be similar to = tương tự với
148.Be successful in= Thành công
149.Be sure of = chắc chắn
150.Be surprised at = ngạc nhiên
151.Be tired of = mệt mỏi, chán
152.Be useful for =hữu dụng để
153.Be worried about = lo lắng về
154.Be wrong with = said với
B. VERB + PREPOSITION

1. account for = là nguyên nhân
2. add sth to sth = thêm cái gì vào cái gì
3. agree with = đồng ý

4. amount of = số lượng lớn

5. arrive at + nơi chốn = đến (nơi nhỏ, 
không tên)

6. arrive in + địa danh = đến (nơi lớn có
tên riêng)

7. ask for = xin
8. be on = chiếu phim
9. base on = dựa vào
10. believe in = tin tưởng
11. blow away = cuốn đi

12. borrow sth from = mượn từ ai
13. break down = hỏng máy
14. break out = bùng nổ
15. bring back = mang trở lại

16. buy sth for someone:mua cái gì cho 
ai

17. care about = quan tâm về

18. hange sth into sth = đổi cái gì thành 
cái gì

19. check in = đăng kí

20. check up = kiểm tra, khám
21. clear up = làm sạch, dọn sạch
22. come back = trở về

23. come in = vaøo

24. compare with = so sánh với
25. complain about = than phiền về
26. cook meals for s.o: nấu bữa ăn cho ai
27. concentrate on = tập trung

28. consist of = bao gồm
29. cut down = đốn xuống
30. depend on = phụ thuộc vào
31. devide into = phân chia thành
32. devote to = cống hiến cho
33. die for = chết vì (ai)
34. die of = chết vì (bệnh)
35. end up = chấm dứt, kết thúc
36. even up = san bằng

37. fall down = rơi xuống

38. fall in love with s.o = yêu một người 
nào đó

39. fill out = diễn ra

40. find sth for s.o = tìm cái gì cho ai
41. find out = tìm ra

42. flow across = chảy ngang qua
43. fly to somewhere = bay đến đâu
44. follow someone to somewhere = theo

sau ai đến đâu

45. get out of = thoát khỏi, đi ra
46. get over = khắc phục
47. get up = thức dậy

48. give up = từ bỏ

49. glad to+V = vui mừng làm gì
50. go for a swim = đi bơi
51. go for a walk = đi tản bộ
52. go on = xảy ra, tiếp tục
53. go on a trip = đi du lịch
54. go on a vacation = đi nghỉ
55. go out

56. go up = gia tăng, đi lên
57. grow up

58. happen to = xaûy ra
59. hear about (of) = nghe veà

60. help someone with sth = giúp ai với 
61. help sb out = giúp đỡ

62. hundred of = hàng trăm 
63. insist on = nhấn mạnh

64. interact with = ảnh hưởng, tác dụng
65. join in = tham gia vào

66. keep s.o awake = làm ai thức giấc
67. keep someone away = tránh xa ai
68. knock on = gõ (cửa)

69. laugh at = chọc ghẹo

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76. live on = sống nhờ vào

77. live with somebody = sống với ai
78. look after = chăm sóc

79. look at =nhìn ngắm
80. look for = tìm kiếm
81. look out = cẩn thận
82. look up = tra từ điển

83. look forward to = trơng chờ ai, cái gì
84. love for = tình yêu dành cho

85. make sth for s.o: làm, may cái gì cho
ai

86. millions of = hàng triệu

87. nice to +V = tốt, tuyệt để làm gì
88. object to = phản đối

89. open to = mở cửa cho
90. participate in = tham gia
91. pick someone up = rước ai

92. plenty of = nhiều, phong phú
93. prepare for = chuẩn bị cho
94. pull out = lôi ra

95. put into = đặt cái gì vào trong
96. put sth on = mặc vào

97. put out = làm tắt, dập tắt
98. put sth off = hoãn lại
99. queue up = xếp hàng

100. receive sth from someone = nhận 
cái gì từ ai

103. run off = chảy

104. sell sth to s.o = bán cái gì cho ai
105. send sth to s.o = gửi cái gì cho ai
106. send sth from somewhere = gửi

cái gì từ đâu

107. separate sth from = tách ra
108. speak to someone = nói chuyện

với ai

109. spend + time (money) on= dùng 
thời gian (tiền vào)

117. take sb out = đưa ai ra ngoài
118. take over = đảm nhận
119. take care of = chăm sóc
120. take after = Giống

121. take part in = tham gia vào
122. take s.o to somewhere = dẫn ai đi

đâu

123. talk about = nói về cái gì
124. talk to/with = nói với ai

126. thanks for sth = cám ơn ai về cái 
gì

127. thanks to sth/sb = nhờ có cái gì/ai
128. the number of = một số lượng lớn
129. think about = nghĩ về

130. think of = nghĩ về
131. thousands of = hàng ngàn

132. try sth on = thử

1. Above all: trên hết
2. According to: Theo
3. At first: lúc đầu
4. At last : cuối cùng
5. At least: tối thiểu
6. At the moment: bây giờ

7. At once: ngay lập tức
8. Out of work: thất nghiệp
9. Out of order: mất trật tự
10. Out of date: lỗi thời

11. for example: ví dụ như
12. In favour of: thiên về
13. In love: đang yêu
14. In a hurry: vội vã
15. In addition to: ngoài ra
16. In particular: đặc biệt là
17. Instead of: thay vì
18. In view of: xem xét
19. for instance: ví dụ như
20. On business: đang cơng tác

21. On duty: đang trực
22. On foot: (đi) bộ
23. On the contrary: trái lại
24. On the spot: ngay lập tức
25. On the whole: nói chung
26. On holiday: nghỉ mát
27. On purpose: cố y
28. On a diet: ăn kiêng
29. On one’s own: một mình
30. in the past: trong quá khứ

C. * WH- QUESTIONS :

Who, Where, Why, What, Whose, How, How many,How much,how long

how far, how often ,how deep,how old, what about, for what,what kind of …(music), which, which one, …

Những từ này ta gọi là WH- Questions

WH- Questions+ 1.BE + S ?

2.DO/DOES/DID + S + V1?

3.AM/IS/ARE/WAS/WERE + S + V-ing ?
 4.HAVE/HAS/ HAD + S + V-ed,3 ?

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Exercise 1 Write the following sentences into indirect speech. (Viết các câu sau sang câu tường thuật gián tiếp)

Example: “I haven’t done my homework”, she says She says (that) she hasn’t done her home work.

“I haven’t got any money”, he tells me He tells me (that) he hasn’t got any money.

11 “I have seen the film before.”, she says...
12 “I want to go home.”, he has told you...
13 “ I haven’t meet my parents for years.”, he says...
14 “ I don’t know how much it cost.”, he tells her...
15 “I will come next year.”, he tell me...
16 “I’m reading a book.” Simon says...
17 I need some money to buy a book.” , Mary tell Peter...
18 “I can’t come on Tuesday.” they have told me. ...
19 “Mary will come soon”, john tells me...
20 “We haven’t eaten anything” the children say...
Dạng 2: Lùi thì

Exercise 2 Write the following sentences into indirect speech. (Viết các câu sau sang câu tường thuật gián tiếp)

Example: “My name is Lan”, she said...

“I am writing a letter”, he told me...

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33 “I shall expect to see you next Wednesday.” Mary said to her friend. ...
34 She said, “I went to the doctor yesterday.” ...
35 He said, “I have a toothache.” ...
36 She said, “I’ll write him a prescription.” ...
37 They said, “We’re going to the drugstore.” ...
38 He said, “The doctor gave me some pills.” ...
39 She said, “I go to the supermarket every day.” ...
40 He said, “I have received the envelope.” ...
41 They said, “We visited Cannery Row.” ...
42 She said, “I feel very sick.” ...
43 He said, “I bought some popcorn.” ...

44 They said, “We’re flying to California.” ...
45 He said, “I’m cutting off the main valve.” ...
46 “My uncle will not plant the vegetables tomorrow afternoon”, she said. ...
47 “Mr. and Mrs. Pike have just read these newspapers”, Nga said. ...
48 She said, “I often listen to music at night.” ...
49 Lan’s mother said, “My daughter usually brushes her teeth before meals.” ...
50 They said, “We have to do the assignments now.” ...
51 Lan says, “My sister seldom rides a bike to school.” ...
52 They said, “Our teacher sometimes explains the difficult lesson.” ...
53 Nam said, “I am doing my homework now.” ...
54 "Our teacher will go to Leipzig tomorrow." Emily said. ...
55 "I was writing a letter yesterday." Helen told me. ...
56 "My father flew to Dallas last year." Robert told me. ...
57 "Tim went to the stadium an hour ago." Lisa said. ...
58 "My mother will celebrate her birthday next weekend." Patricia said. ...
59 "I am going to read a book this week." Michael said to me. ...
60 "We will do our best in the exams tomorrow." Jason and Victoria told me. ...
61 "We didn't eat fish two days ago." Andrew remarked. ...
62 "I spent all my pocket money on Monday." Alice said. ...
63 "John had already gone at six." David said. ...
64 "Mandy is at home." John said. ...
65 "Frank often reads a book." Max told me. ...
66 "I'm watching TV." Susan said to me. ...
67 "I am going to ride a skateboard." Richard said to me. ...
68 "We have cleaned the windows." Stephen and Claire said. ...
69 "I didn't have time to do my homework." Richard told me. ...
70 "My mother will be 50 years old." Mrs. Jones told me. ...
71 Nam said “I am told to be at school before 7 o’clock” ...
72 Thu said “All the students will have a meeting next week” ...
73 Phong said “My parents are very proud of my good marks” ...

74 Her father said to her “You can go to the movie with your friend” ...
75. The boys said “We have to try our best to win the match” 

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21. My girlfriend said to me, “My younger brother is studying medicine at Can Tho University.”
22. “I didn’t send any letter by e-mail,” said Tom.

23. The teacher said, “ Some students don’t like homework.”
24. “I haven’t seen my uncle since last year,” said Harry.
25. I said to the nurse, “You haven’t given me any medicine.”

26. The gardener said to the children, “You are allowed to pick the flowers.”
27. I told the taxi driver, “You are driving too quickly right now”.

28. My friend said, “I lived in the country for two years before I moved here.”
29. “The country will develop greatly in the next twenty years,” my father predicted.
30. Many people died after the earthquake last night,” the report said. “

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--- .

3. My sister is a teacher .

--- .
4. The meeting lasted five hours .

--- .
5. We prefer pop music to classical .

--- .
6. There are about 200 to 350 people at the concert every day .

--- .
--- .
7. I passed Tom’s house early in the morning .

--- .
--- .
8. The concert last night was great .

--- .
9. We take a holiday once a year .

--- .
10 . My address is 305 Lê L ợ i Street .

--- .
11. The film “Harry Potter” is on at 8: 00.

--- .
12. I’m going to play table tennis this morning.

--- .
13. She lives downstairs .

--- .
14. They bought new fishing rods yesterday.

--- .
15. He worked with deaf – mutes .

--- .
16. My sister speaks English fluently .

--- .
17. I often go shopping once a week .

--- .
18. I have studied E for 5 years .

--- .
19. He was absent from school because he felt sick .

--- .
20 . Mr Dawson enjoys swimming .

--- .
21. She’s got three sisters and a brother .

--- .
22. I spend my free time reading and listening to music .

--- .
23. I’m staying in a hotel in town .

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25. She stays home and watches T.V every evening .

--- .
26. She gets up at six o’clock .

--- .
27. I’ll send my brother the books next week .

--- .
--- .
28. My sister gave me a gift for my birthday .

--- .
--- .
29. She was cooking in the kitchen .

--- .
30. He’s told her classmate the news .

--- .
31. Nobody put this pen here .

--- .
--- .
32. My sister broke these glasses but someone brought it .

--- .
33. She’s never been to London for 3 years .

--- .
--- .
34. She’s got three children .

--- .
35. Nam and me sometimes go to the zoo .

--- .
--- .
36. I like pop music very much .

--- .
--- .
37. I arrived last night.

--- .
38. I’m learning English b/c I want to get a new job.

--- .
39. I’ve got three sisters and a brother.

--- .
40. I spend my free time reading and listening to music

--- .
41/ My sister is thirty years .

--- .
42/ it is about 4km from here to Ho Chi Minh city?

--- .
43/he is going to DL tomorrow .

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--- .
46/ My brother’s Mary is an artist .

--- .
47/He goes out for a walk to relax.

--- .
48/ Linda want to go to work on foot.

--- .
49/ That book is Mark’s .

--- .
50/ Those shirts are yellow.

--- .
51/ she always does two exercises every morning .

--- .
52/ There is a pen on the table .

--- .
--- .
53/ It’s me .

--- .
54/ I was born in 1993.

--- .
55/ Tom was at the park yesterday.

--- .
56/ My uncle went to Hanoi by bus last week .

--- .
57/ It is hot in summer.

--- .
58/ Miss Young has dinner at 6:30 p.m.

--- .
59/ there are 45 pupils in my class.

--- .
60/ I was at home yesterday b/c I was bad ill.

--- .
61/ It’s an eraser.

--- .
62/ My father enjoys listening to classical music .

--- .
63/ Lan left Binh Thanh last Monday.

--- .
64/ I am late for school because I miss the bus.

--- .
65/ I will do my homework tonight .

--- .
66/ Nam and my younger sister want to talk to me .

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68/ I’m a student.

--- .
69/ I spent the evening playing chess last night.

--- .
--- .
70.I often listen to music whenever I have free time .

--- .
71. Tom has bought this watch for 5 years .

--- .
--- .
72. She’s going to Britain to study English .

--- .
73. They will hold the meeting next week.

--- .

74. He’ll send me the books next week.

--- .
--- .
75. My sister sent me a gift for my birthday .

--- .
76. He handed me a magazine.

--- .
77. That teacher taught me grammar last month.

--- .
78. Mary showed me the photographs.

--- .
79. I showed Peter the picture .

--- .
80. Rock began in the USA in the early 1950’s .

--- .
81/ The teacher is explaining the lesson.

82/ My sister wants to be an artist.

--- .
83/ The cat is under the table.

--- .

84/ These shoes are his.

--- .
85/ She phones her parents twice a week.

--- .
86/ Mr. Robertson came to the party alone.

--- .
87/ I like the red blouse(áo choàng), not the blue one.

--- .
88/ She felt better after she took a nap(giấc ngủ chợp).

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--- .
91/ They are coming to visit tomorrow.

--- .
92/ The man with the white hat is my brother.

--- .
93/ I don’t get up early because I like to sleep late.

--- .
94/ We have an English class every day.

--- .
95/ They like to dance on weekends.

--- .

96/ The club is not far from their house.

--- .
97/ Their favorite kind of music is Latin Jazz.

--- .
98/ They are singing popular songs.

--- .
99/ The train arrived at ten o’clock.

--- .
100/ She was doing her assignment when he came.

--- .
101/ This book is 30,000 dong.

--- .
102/ They are playing catch in the school yard.

--- .
103/ Children should brush their teeth after meals .

--- .
104/ It takes me twenty minutes to go to school by bus .

--- .
105/ I would like some orange juice.

--- .

106/ This box over there is Miss young .

--- .
107/ Liz will send these letters to her friends.

--- .
108/ Sally joined the Star Sports Club in 1995.

--- .
109/ At the Sorbonne, she studied very well.

--- .
110/ After lunch Mr. Lam immediately goes to work.

--- .
111. Alexander Graham Bell invited the telephone .

--- .
112. Marie Curie was born in Poland .

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114. They plant and water trees along the streets on weekends .

--- .
115. The film will begin at 7: 30

--- .
II. Fill in the blanks with Who, Where, Why, What, Whose, How, How many, …

1/--- old are your sister?

2/ --- far is it from here to Ho Chi Minh city?
3/ ---is he going ?

4/ ---is your aunt talking to ?
5/ --- about you?

6/ ---is his family name?

7/ ---don’t we go out for a walk ?

8/ --- does your sister want to go on foot?
9/ ---book is that ?

10/ ---color are those shirts?

11/ ---does she do in the morning ?
12/ --- is singing in the room ?
13/ --- is that? Is she Mary?
14/ --- were you born ?
15/ --- was Tom yesterday?

16/ --- does your brothers go to school? By bus.
17/ ---is the weather like in summer?

18/ ---do you go to school? At six thirty.

19/ --- people are there in your class? – There are 45.
20/ --- things are there in your living room?

22/ --- is your family name? It’s Nguyen.

23/ --- do you live ?

24/ --- do you live with? – My father.

25/ --- are you late? – Because I miss the bus.

26/ --- will you do tonight? – I will do my homework.
27/ --- will go camping next Sunday? Nam and Quang will.
28/ --- will your father travel to Hanoi? He will travel next week.
29/ --- do you do? – I’m a student.

30/ --- is this? – It’s me.

III. Join a sentence from A with one from B to make a new sentence . Use WHICH .
A B
1.Tam failed in the final exam .

2. She won the Maths contest .
3. His mother died this morning .
4. Mai couldn’t join us .

5. Our telephone is out of order .
6. She gave us a lift .

a. This was bad news .

b. this means that we can’t contact you in a few days .
c. this made his parents very sad .

d. this was very kind of her .

e. this was a pity .

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2. I was at school with the man .
3. I’d like to speak to the person .
4. The police haven’t found the man .
5. There’s some cheese in the fridge .
6. We’ve got some light bulbs.

7. This is the switch .

8. She’s got friendly with a boy .

B. He stole the car
C. It’s working .
D. They last for years

E. He / She deals with export .
F. He is driving that taxi .
G. It sells good coffee .
H. It needs to be eaten .
 IV. Fill each blank with WHO or WHICH :

7. The people ---live downstairs are Irish .

8. The shop --- sells that good bread is closed today .
9. The dictionary ---I bought yesterday isn’t very good .
10. Do you know the girls ---are standing by the window ?
11. I can’t find the key ---opens the window .

12. the police are looking for three men ---robbed the National Bank yesterday .

V. Combine each pair of sentences into one using WHO or WHICH :

1. The cup of coffee is on the table. You wanted it .
---.

6. I’d like to speak to the person . She wrote this poem .
---.

7. The child was ill . She didn’t come to the party .
---.
8. The letter is for me . You saw it .

---.

9. Can you pick up the papers ? They are lying on the floor .
---.

10. Yesterday I met a man . He works with your brother.
---.

6. . My phone is out of order. A. It means he can’t get about very easily.

---7. Rachel’s mother paid for the meal B. This was good for the garden.

---8. My brother is disabled C. It’s made her very depressed

---9. You left the key in the car D. That was very kind of her

---10. Vicky didn’t get the job E. This surprised everybody

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---16. Now, there are psychologists. They help technophobes use technology.

---17. A lot of people suffer from technostress. Those people work in my office .

---18. Some people dream of a job. They can do the job without technology.

---19. My stereo doesn’t work today .It worked yesterday.

---20. The man is a computer expert .You were talking to him.

---21. Some documents have been found. They were stolen from a car .

---22. Dr. Michelle Weil wrote a book about “technostress ”. She is a psychologists.

---23. He works for a computer magazine .The magazine is very popular in Mexico.

---24. Marta has a brother. Her brother’s name is Manuel.

---25. You sent me a present .Thank you very much for it .

---26. Romeo and Juliet were lovers. Their parents hated each other.

---27. This is Mrs Jones. Her son won the championship last week.

---28. I was sitting in a chair. It suddenly collapsed .

---29. This is the story of a man .His wife suddenly loses her memory.

---30. Charlie died in 1977. His films amused millions of people in the world .

---31. Please post these letters . I wrote them this morning .

---32. The building is the church .Its tower can be seen from afar.

---33. Mai and Linh are twins (song sinh) .You meet them yesterday.

---34. I’ll introduce you to the man. His support is necessary for your project.

---35. The students will surely be successful in their exam. The students study seriously and methodically.

---36. Mary has won an Oscar. I know her sister .

---37. Is this the style of hair? Your wife wanted to have it .

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---
40. The Smiths were given rooms in the hotel. Their house had been destroyed in the explosion.

---41. He introduced me to his students. Most of them were from abroad .

---42.. A man answered the phone .He said Tom was out .

---431. Ann is very friendly. She lives next door

………..

44. The man is a famous actor. You met him at the party last night

………

45. There are some words. They are very difficult to translate
……….

46. The sun provides us with head and light. It is one of millions stars in the universe
………..

47. Students will be punished. Their homework is late
……….

48. I was looking for a book this morning. I’ve found it now
……….

49. Is that the car? You want to buy it
………

50. Sandra works in advertising. You were talking to her
……….

51. Lake Prespas is a lonely beautiful lake. It’s on the north Greek border
………

52. The little girl ate sweets the whole way. She sat next to me on the coach
……….

53. Is Zedco a company? It was taken over last year
……….

54. Felix Reeve is a journalist. His tape recorder was stolen

………

56. This famous picture is worth thousands of pounds. It was damaged during the car
………

57 .I don’t know the name of the woman. I spoke to her on the phone
………..

58 . We often go to visit our friends in Bristol. It is only 30 miles away
……….

59 . This is Mr. Carter. I was telling you about him
……….

60 . They’ve captured all the animals. They escaped from the zoo.
………

61. A scientist has won the Nobel Prize. He discovered a new planet
………..

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64. This is Mr John. He is a good teacher.
……….

65. I bought a car yesterday. My father drove it to the town.
……….

Choose the right alternative

1. I gave her all the money that/ what I had

2. Mrs Bond is going to spend a few weeks in Sweden, which/ where her daughter lives
3. We stayed at the Grand Hotel, where/ which Ann recommended to us

4. The teacher with whom/ who we studied last year no longer teaches in our school
5. The shop didn’t have that/ what I want

6. Do you still remember the day when/ that we first met?

7. Dr. Fleming, who/ whose discovered penicillin, was awarded the Nobel Prize for medicine in 1945
8. Round the corner was a building which/ whose windows were broken

9. The hotel where/ which we stayed in wasn’t very clean

10. Fortunately we had a map, without that/ which we would have got lost

66. He bought Vietnamese – English dictionary and --- (give) it to me.
67. The coffee was alright, but the cream --- (be) sour.

68. He has a piano and a violin, but he --- (not have) a flute.
69. He says that he --- (arrive) on time yesterday.

70. She says that she --- (arrive) on time tomorrow.
71. I think that Victor --- (be) late.

72. He said that he --- (graduate) from University in 1991.
73. We thought they --- (move) to California.

74. The teacher said that water --- (consist) of hydrogen and oxygen.
75. I --- (be) there when you arrive.

76. They were still waiting when I --- (get) there.
77. He has worked very hard since he --- (be) here.
78. We had just come in when you --- (call).

79. We have already gone before you --- (get) back.
80. We decided to go home because it --- (be) very late.
81. We have been very busy while they --- (be) here.
82. I haven’t seen him since he ---(arrive).

83. The teacher gave us so many assignments, that we --- (can not) go to the concert.
84. It was such a beautiful day that I --- (feel) like talking a walk.

85. He works on Sunday so that he --- (can) earn enough money to pay his tuition.
86. Did he pay soccer when he --- (be) in college?

87. We have bought a car so that we --- (have) transportation to work.
88. I’ll continue practicing (practising) ---until I --- (know) the lesson.
89. He is happy although he --- (be) poor.

90. He’ll have been studying for four months by the time he --- (take) his examination.
91. He come as often as he --- (can).

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95. She has already telephoned the people who --- (come) tomorrow.

96. The girl (that, whom) you --- (tell) me about yesterday is waiting for you downstairs.
97. I’ll never forget the kindness (that) you --- (show) me.

98. He is the Frenchman (whom, that) I --- (tell) you about.
99. Are they the Italians who --- (own) this store?

100. Bread and butter was all (that) he --- (ask) for.
101. It was the Smiths who --- (call) you

102. She left her home last week and nobody --- (see) her since
103. The video film is so interesting that I --- (see) it twice

104. The video film was so interesting that I --- (see) it twice
105. It is the first I --- (meet) him here.

106. It is the first they --- (ever meet).

107. It was at the age of 14 that Jack London --- (leave) school and --- (become) a sailor.
108. John (live) --- in Miami for one year when his parents came to visit.

109. Tom (wait) ---for one hour before the bus came.
110. We corrected our papers after we (take) --- the quiz.
46/ Trees ---(grow) more quickly in summer than in winter.

47/ “Shall I phone at 6:00?” No, I ---(normally/ cook) dinner at that time.
48/ We usually ---(get) up at about 6:30. Couldn’t you come an hour later?
49/ In 1788, he ---(write) his last great work in Vienna .

50/ She ---(arrive) at Kennedy Airport at 2 o’clock this morning.
51/ I refuse to believe that he ---(not, know) the car was stolen.

52/ “How are you getting on with the book?”. At the moment, I ---(read) chapter four .

53/ My mother---(lock) all the doors and windows before she goes to bed .

54/ I ---(throw) away most of my old books when I moved house.
55/ Scientist ---(make) some fundamental discoveries in the 18th century. 
56/ Alice---(see) her mother in London most weekends .

57/ Hoa ---(have) a lot of friends in Hue.
58/ Linda---(brush) her teeth after meals .
59/ Phong ---(watch) T.V every night .

60/ I ---(be ) rich someday.

61/ What you---(do) now? – I ---(grow) some flowers.
62/ Ba can ---(fix) the lights .

63/ I ---(take) the book back to the library when I ---(read ) it .

66. I went to the box office at lunch time , but they ---(ready / sell ) all the tickets .
67.I felt very tired when I got home , so I ---(go)_straight to bed .

71. Sorry I’m late .The car ---(break) down on my way here .
72.I ---(take) the book back to the library when I ---(read) it .

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night before , so I ---(phone) him .