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STCW ‘78

The International Convention on Standards

of Training, Certification and

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<b>STCW 78</b>

Sets qualification standards for masters, officers

and watch personnel on seagoing merchant ships.

Adopted in 1978;entered into force in 1984.

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<b>STCW 78</b>

<b>LIMITATIONS DISCOVERED</b>

Vague requirements that were left to the discretion

of parties to the Convention.

Growing problems with:

<i>_{a lack of clear standards of competence}</i>
<i>_{no IMO oversight of compliance}</i>

<i>_{limited port state control}</i>

<i>_{inadequacies that did not address modern shipboard}</i>

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<b>STCW 78</b>

“<i>The time had come for the organization to concentrate on</i>
<i>areas relating to people, training and operational practices</i>
<i>rather than on issues dealing with improving ship</i>

<i>construction and equipment standards</i>”

the need for IMO to take urgent action was highlighted by
the grounding of the M/V BRAER in the Shetland Islands
on January 5, 1993 .(a month after the December 3, 1992
M/V AEGEAN SEA incident.)

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<b>STCW 78>>>>95</b>

1996 deadline for revision of the STCW Convention was
too distant .

In 1993,comprehensive revision of STCW to establish the
highest practicable standards of competence to address the
problem of human error as the major cause of maritime
casualties.

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<b>STCW 78>>95</b>

<i><b>SPECIFICALLY... </b></i>

The most significant amendments concerned:

Enhancement of port state control;

Communication of information to IMO to allow for mutual
oversight and consistency in application of standards,

Quality standards systems (QSS), oversight of training,
assessment, and certification procedures,

Placement of responsibility on parties, including those
issuing licenses, and flag states employing foreign

nationals, to ensure seafarers meet objective standards of
competence, and

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<b>STCW 95</b>

<b>HUMAN ELEMENT ISSUES ADDRESSED BY 1995 </b>
<b>AMENDMENTS TO</b>

<b>STCW.</b>

<b>the increasing use of multinational crews. </b>

 _{the responsibility for competency of crews, which once fell}
only on flag state administrations, is now spread over all
parties that issue certificates .

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<b>STCW 95</b>

<b>PORT STATE CONTROL</b>

strengthen the port state control provisions of the STCW

Convention by expanding the grounds on which a foreign ship
may be detained .

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<b>STCW 95</b>

<b>REST PERIODS</b>

<b>To address the problem of crew fatigue:</b>

every person assigned duty as an officer in charge of
a watch or as a rating forming part of a watch shall
receive a minimum of 10 hours of rest in any 24 hour
period.

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<b>STCW 95</b>

<b>TRAINING REQUIREMENTS</b>

<b>seafarers be provided with "familiarization training" and </b>
<b>"basic safety training" which includes:</b>

 _{basic fire fighting}
 _{elementary first aid}

 _{personal survival techniques}

 _{personal safety and social responsibility}

Intended to ensure that seafarers are aware of

the

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<b>STCW 95</b>

<b>EXAMINATIONS AND DEMONSTRATION OF </b>
<b>SKILLS</b>

minimum standards of competence for the range of certificates to be issued
under STCW are presented in tables with four columns:

 _{‘Competence’ or ability to be established}

 _{Area of ‘knowledge, understanding and proficiency’ within each competence.}
 _{‘Methods of demonstrating competence’}

 _{‘Criteria for evaluating competence.’}

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<b>STCW 95</b>

<b>QUALITY STANDARDS SYSTEM</b>

STCW requires all training and assessment activities to be "continuously
monitored through a quality standards system to ensure achievement of
defined objectives, including those concerning the qualifications and
experience of instructors and assessors."

1995 amendments require those responsible for instruction and
assessment of the competence of seafarers to be qualified for the
type and level of training or assessment involved.

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<b>Relation of ISM Code and STCW</b>

Both contains precise requirements concerning the

education and qualification of masters, officers and crew.
ISM Code- description of structure of a Safety

Management System, demanding its development,
implementation and maintenance.

STCW – supplies a legal basis for the uniform fulfilment of
requirements as found in ISM Elements:

 _{Element 6 – Resources & Personnel}
 _{Element 7 – Shipboard Operations}

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<b>Relation of ISM Code and STCW</b>

<b>(cont…)</b>

Since the ISM Code clearly demands that with the

implementation of STCW 95 safety system, all

connected laws and regulations have to be

observed, it is therefore mandatory that all

STCW95 requirements are being complied with.

Thus, verification of STCW95 compliance is

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<b>Certificates</b>

Certificate of Competence

– Issued to masters, officers, radio operators and ratings
forming part of a watch, who meet the standards of

competence relevant to their particular functions and level
of responsibility on board.

Endorsement of Recognition

– This document is issued by an Administration as an official
recognition of the validity of a certificate issued by

another Administration.

– This procedure is necessary as many merchant fleets are

manned by seafarers certificated by other Administrations

Certificates of proficiency and special certificates

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