am

~

-~

t '
'
ã ED A

!t

~
~

!!~ ..

LãlãJ

'

ô
~
~

%

iii

- ã
-

Aa

Ã~

I~

r

FOR EVERYONE
COURSE BOOK LEVEL

fl

BUSINESS ENGLISH

t

t

~

00

l ill

•~

.f~


m

o

w
.<{r-;-~
m

H s

.,

•
, ,~EE

C9

t

~~
Ii\
11

oo

i•
_4'.

.,.


A

A COMPLETE SELF-STUDY PROGRAMME


FOR EVERYONE
COURSE BOOK LEVEL f.)

BUSINESS ENGLISH
ã

i~

o"

if.
~

rn

m

.f~ 0

~

t

f


~.,

~t

.,
-

DJ

ft
., Jr-

EI
,(],

A

..

'

C9
f;
~

-

#)~Đ

.


f

ã

nits
,;,
I

II

00

II

-

ã r)

.,,.

A
Aa

Ã~

I~ f

.'!I



Penguin
Ranaom
House
Project Editors Lili Bryant, Laura Sandford
Art Editors Chrissy Barnard, Paul Drislane, Michelle Staples
Editor Ben Ffrancon Davies
Editorial Assistants Sarah Edwards, Helen Leech
Illustrators Edwood Burn, Michael Parkin, Gus Scott
Managing Editor Daniel Mills
Managing Art Editor Anna Hall
Audio Recording Manager Christine Stroyan
Jacket Designer Ira Sharma
Jacket Editor Claire Gell
Managing Jacket Editor Saloni Singh
Jacket Design Development Manager Sophia MTT
Producer, Pre-production Andy Hilliard
Producer Mary Slater
Publisher Andrew Macintyre
Art Director Karen Self
Publishing Director Jonathan Metcalf

Contents
How the course works
I

Introductions

8
12


New language Present simple and continuous
Vocabulary Etiquette for introductions
New skill Introducing yourself and others

Getting to know colleagues

16

New language Past simple and past continuous
Vocabulary Sharing past experiences

DK India
Senior Managing Art Editor Arunesh Talapatra
Senior Art Editor Chhaya Sajwan
Art Editors Meenal Goel, Ro shni Kapur
Assistant Art Editor Roh it Dev Bhardwaj
Illustrators Manish Bhatt, Arun Pottirayil,
Sa chin Tanwar. Mohd Zishan
Editorial Coordinator Priyanka Sharma
Pre-production Manager Balwant Singh
Senior DTP Designers Harish Aggarwal, Vishal Bhatia
DTP Designer Jaypal Chauhan
First publi shed in Great Britain in 2017 by
Dorling Kindersley Limited
80 Strand, London , WC2R ORL

New skill Talk ing abo ut past experiences

Vocabulary

Departments and ro les

20

Talking about changes

22

New language "Used to," "be I get used to"
Vocabulary Small talk
New skill Talking about changes at work

Copyright © 2017 Darling Kindersley Limited
A Penguin Random House Company
10 8 6 4 2 1 3 5 7 9
001-296905-Jan/2017
All rights reserved.
No part of th is publication may be reprodu ced. stored
in or introduced into a retrieval system , or transmitted,
in any form , or by any means [electronic, mechanical,
photocopying, re cord ing, or otherwise!. without the prior
written permission of the copyright owner.
A CIP catalogu e re cord for this book
is available from the British Library.
ISBN: 978-0-2412-7514- 6
Printed and bound in China
A WOR LD OF IDEAS:
SEE ALL THERE IS TO KNOW
www.dk.com


Delegating tasks

26

New language Modal verbs for obligation
Vocabulary Delegation and politeness
New skill Delegating tasks to col leagues

lli1d Vocabulary M o ney and fin ance

30

-

32

Writing a report

New language Past perfect and past simple
Vocabulary Formal business English
New skill Writing reports


-

Making apologies

36

llEI Describing a product


New language Present perfect continuous

New language Adjective order

Vocabulary Apologies

Vocabulary Opinion and fact adjectives

New skill Apologizing on the telephone

New skill Describing a product

-

Vocabulary
Communication technology

Ill Making plans by email

40

llllfi Vocabulary

42

Iii Marketing a product
New language Adjectives and adverbs

Vocabulary Meetings and workshops


Vocabulary Descriptive adjectives

New skill Making plans

New skill Modifying descriptions of products

Keeping clients informed

44

-

Advertising and branding

New language Continuous tenses

New language Intensifiers

Vocabulary Arrangements and schedules

Vocabulary "Enough," too," "so," and "such"

New skill Keeping clients informed

New skill Adding emphasis to descriptions

llllfj Informal communication

48


llPJ Advice and suggestions

New language Phrasal verbs

New language Modal verbs for advice

Vocabulary Arrangements and plans

Vocabulary Workplace pressures

New skill Keeping co-workers informed

New skill Giving advice

lllD Vocabulary Production

64

Marketing and advertising

New language Email language

-

60

52

mJ Vocabulary


66

70

74

78

Management, leadership, and ski lls

llld Describing a process

54

New language The passive voice

-

Talking about abilities

Vocabulary Processes and manufacturing

New language Modal verbs for abilities

New skill Discussing how things are done

Vocabulary Workplace skills
New skill Describing abilities


80


mJ Comparing and contrasting

84

llJJ Vocabulary

116

Industries and professional attributes

New language Discourse markers
Vocabulary Teamwork and team bu ilding

113 Job descriptions

New skill Expressing your ideas

118

New language Articles

lli!llD Planning events

88

Vocabulary Job descriptions and applications
New skill Describing a job


New language Verb patterns
Vocabulary Corporate entertainment
New skill Talking about business events

-

Applyingforajob

122

New language Dependent prepositions

-

Vocabulary Meetings

94

Vocabulary Cover-letter vocabulary
New skill Writing a cover letter

1112 What people said

96

New language Reported speech

-


Job interviews

Vocabulary Meetings

New language Relative clauses

New skill Reporting what someone said

Vocabulary Job interviews

126

New skill Describ ing your achievements in detail

ma

What people asked

102

-

New language Reported questions
Vocabulary "Have," "make," "get," "do"

Vocabulary Business idioms

New skill Reporting what someone asked

llL Working relationships


ILJ Reporting quantities

Vocabulary Social media

132

134

New language Three-word phrasal verbs

106

New skill Social networking

New language "Few," "little," and "all"
Vocabulary Meetings
New skill Talking about quantity

1112 Career outcomes

llU Checking information

Vocabulary Career development

138

New language Modal verbs for possibility

New language Subject questions, question tags

Vocabulary Polite checks and echo questions
New skill Checking information

110

New skill Talking about the future

ll!ID Vocabulary
Office and presentation eq uipment

142


113 Structuring a presentation

144

llliS Discussing conditions

New language Signposting language

New language Conditionals

Vocabulary Presentation equipment

Vocabulary Negotiating and bargaining

New skill Structuring a presentation

New skill Discussing possibilities


11112 Developing an argument

148

11i5 Discussing problems

New language Useful presentation language

New language Third conditional

Vocabulary Presentations

Vocabulary Workplace mistakes

New skill Developing an argument

New skill Talking about past mistakes

llJZ Pitching a product

168

174

152

New language Comparatives and superlatives

Answers


178

Vocabulary Product marketing

Index

190

New skill Comparing products

11L3 Talking about facts and figures

156

New language Collocations
Vocabulary Business trends
New skill Describing facts and figures

-

Plans and suggestions

160

New language Indirect questions
Vocabulary Business negotiations
New skill Negotiating politely

m:& Emphasizing your opinion

New language Discourse markers for emphasis
Vocabulary Workplace disagreement
New skill Emphasizing your opinion

166


Introductions
o0

When you first join a company, there are many phrases
that you can use to introduce yourself. Other people
may also use a variety of phrases to introduce you.

~

I

New language Present simple and continuous

Aa Vocabulary Etiquette for introductions

alt-

New skill Introducing yourself and others

KEY LANGUAGE INTRODUCING YOURSELF AND OTHERS

it is common to shake hands with new
colleagues and introduce yourself.

Use when you meet
someone you have
heard about.

You must be Eric
from the UK. Carl
has told me a lot
about you.

When you meet
someone you think you
may have met before.

I think we met in
Mumbai, didn't
we? I'm Max from
HTB Engineering.

.
nn

Great to see
you again!

,.
.JW+

Wh en you meet
someone for the
first time.


Hello, I don't
think we've
met. I'm Osric.

Hi Osric.
Laura.

•
•
_., I

n II

It is polite to introduce people you know
but who do not know each other.
When you know both parties, introduce
each one separately, saying both their names.

Tony, this is
Hayao from our
Japanese office.

Hayao, meet Tony
our new director
of marketing.

Say a polite
response
when you are

introduced.
"How do you do?"
is quite formal.

Victoria, I'd like to
introduce you to Faisal.
I'm not sure you two
have met each other.

12

...
nn
ee •

How do you do?

lII ~~,a
1::11::1
ICI 1::1

TT


1 MATCH THE BEGINNINGS OF THE INTRODUCTIONS TO THE CORRECT
ENDINGS
My manager has told me

have met each other before.


0

Hi, Katherine. I think I

It's great to see you again .

0

I'm not sure whether you

so much about your business!

9

Yes, we met in Barcelona.

0

You must be Gloria from the design team.

8

This is Brian from customer services.

----.,
Brian, meet Tonya. She's joining our team.

'
~


met you at the Market Max conference.

)

Guvan told me about your great work.

1:.

1 LISTEN TO THE AUDIO AND
ANSWER THE QUESTIONS

1 3 FILL IN THE GAPS USING
THE WORDS IN THE PANEL

Delegates at a conference are
introducing themselves.

You

be Joe Smith.

0

Did we

at a conference?

0

Really good to


Jared has met Sasha before.
True

0

you again.

Roula, meet Maria,

0

new assistant.

I'd like to

8

Have you two _ _ __

(

you to Karl.

9

~

met


Not given

False

Not given

False

::J

Not given

each other before?

0
-mtTSt-

False

Daniel shares an office with Jared.
True

moot

______ /

Daniel and Sasha have not met before.
True

0


Not given

Jared works in the Lima office.
True

9

1/i False

__

Their new product is expensive.
True

False

Not given

introduce

our

see

)

.. >))

l


8

Sasha works in Lima.

True

False

Not given

13


KEY LANGUAGE THE PRESENT SIMPLE AND THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS
The present simple is used to describe something that happens in general,
or is part of a routine. The present continuous describes something that is
happening right now, and will be continuing for a limited time.

I don't usually enjoy networking, but I'm enjoying this conference.
~ Present simple is the same as the
~ Present continuous is fo rm ed by adding
base fo rm of the verb without "to."

1.

READ THE ARTICLE AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS

What word is used for making connections?
Networking


0

8

7

Sharing

Dividing

J

What kind of people is the article aimed at?
Shy
Confident
Intelligent
What types of connections are useful?
New ones
Good ones
Lots of them

Q Who might be useful people to talk to?
Ex-colleagues

Recruiters

Family

0


What do shy people do a lot?
Lie
Say sorry
Say thank you

0

What does apologizing a lot make you seem?
Confident
Worried
Unprofessional

0

Whe re should you look when talking to people?
Their eyes
Their feet
Their mouths

0

What should you give contacts?
Money
Gifts
Your business card

14

"be" before the ve rb and "- ing" to the verb.


CAREER LADDER

Making connections
How to network better if you're shy

N

e t~orking doesn't necessarily mean talking
A to undreds of people at a conference.
few good connections are much better than
meetmg ~ots of people who you will never hear
firom agam Start by h ·
old fi . d .
c attmg to ex-colleagues or
nen s. Ask what they are doing now and
share your experiences.
One common habit of shy people is to

~~~;~~~l~i~~~og~e for every~hing. Apologizing

oo s unprofessional and shows a
lack of confidence in yourself Instead of saying
sorry, remember
to smile, maintain
eye contact, ask
questions, and, of
course, exchange
business cards.



1.7 REWRITE THE SENTENCES, CORRECTING THE ERRORS

I am being happy to finally meet you, Zoe.

I'm !wiPPY to ftJILP!Lly J111.Ut you, Zoe.-. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ )

0

Hi James. I'm Vanisha. I don't think we are meeting before.

8

Ashley, I'd like introduce you to my colleague Neil.

f) I enjoying the presentations. Are you?

8

Nice to meet you Bethany. How do you doing?

1 8 CROSS OUT THE INCORRECT WORDS IN EACH SENTENCE, THEN SAY THE
SENTENCES OUT LOUD

I'm sorry, how d you

I arc 1' 0Y Si.T'/i'la your name again?

;


0 ·

Hello Frank.

8

Wilfred, I'd like you to

e

you enj

the conference?

I be meeti g Roger, our new press officer.

Serena, it's really great to

e(

I

·e you enjoy·

I

ern you again after so long.

I usually enjoy workshops, but I am not f


I nd

this one interesting.

CHECKLIST

o" Present simple and continuous D

Aa Etiquette for introductions

D

111- Introducing yourself and others D
15


Getting to know colleagues
Talking about your past work experience is a good way
to get to know your colleagues. Past simple and past
continuous tenses are often used to do this.

o0

New language Past simple and past continuous

Aa Vocabulary Sharing past experiences

ft.

New skill Talking about past experiences


KEY LANGUAGE THE PAST SIMPLE AND THE PAST CONTINUOUS
Use the past simple to talk about a single, completed action in
the past, past habits, or a state that was true for a time in the past.
,....___ _ _ _~

Many commo n verbs have
irregular past simple form .

Add "-ed" to most verbs to
form the past simpl e.

What did you
do before you
came here?

•

•n

I fixed
computers.

•

"t1
n

I ran my own
construction


I worked
for TCE
consultants.

fl

1~
II

I was a legal
assistant.

company.

•

r
1
i

II

Use the past continuous to talk about ongoing actions
that were in progress at a certain time in the past.

What was your last job like?

F


Awful! I was working 60 hours
a week before I came here.

HOW TO FORM THE PAST SIMPLE AND THE PAST CONTINUOUS

The past simple is usually formed by adding "-ed " to the base form of the verb. The past continuous
is formed by adding "was" or "were" in front of the verb, and "- ing" to the end of the verb.

I

SUBJECT

16

PAST CONTINUOUS

REST OF CLAUSE

PAST SIMPLE

was working

60 hours a week

before I came here.


2

,j


CROSS OUT THE INCORRECT WORDS IN EACH SENTENCE

)

I started I W«S sta1 ting my own printing company more than 10 years ago.

0

They began I were beginning to sell more when the shop suddenly closed last year.

8

I lost I was losing my job when the factory closed last December.

8
8
0

I was delighted when I got I was getting promoted to senior manager in 2015.
We moved here when my wife was finding I found a new job two years ago.

0

When I worked 90 hours a week, I felt I was feeling exhausted all the time.

0

When I was a photographer, I was meeting I met a lot of famous people through my work.


I was training I trained to be a chef when I was given this award.

r-

2

KEY LANGUAGE THE PAST TENSE
FOR POLITENESS

MARK THE SENTENCES
THAT ARE CORRECT

You may hear people ask questions about a present
situation in the past tense. This makes the question
more polite.

0

Did you want some more coffee?
Do you wanting some more coffee?

"Do" becomes "Did " to make
the question in past tense.

0

Did you want a tour of the office?

I was to look for another job.
I was looking for another job.


8
8
The past tense is also sometimes
used to make a polite request.

8

I was wondering if you could help.

0
0

l

r
l

'

I

I was wondered if you could help.

I ,

Were you working as a waiter?

r,


Were you work as a waiter?

[

They weren't employing young people.

[l
[l

They not employing young people.

I wanted to ask about the
company's history.

0

I didn't enjoying my last job.

[l
[l

Did you work in a hotel?

[l

Did you working in a hotel?

C-J

I didn't enjoy my last job.


~>))

17


~ KEY LANGUAGE THE PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE
The present perfect simple is used to talk about events in the
recent past that still have an effect on the present moment.
A specific date is
given , so the past
simple is used.

No date is specified , so the
present perfect is used.

So, have you worked
in a team before?

No, I haven't
worked in a
team before .

I have worked in a
few different teams.

•

•n


•

1

I worked in a small
team in 2005.

•

If~

7 HOW TO FORM THE PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE
The present perfect simple is formed
with "have" and a past participle.
SUBJECT

"HAVE I HAS" + PAST PARTICIPLE

have worked

REST OF SENTENCE

in a few teams.

2.8 FILL IN THE GAPS BY PUTTING THE VERBS IN THE PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE

Susan

0
8


--'-hef--"s'--'-'-w-'-or'"'keJ
" ~--- (work) here since she graduated from college five years ago. ~

He

Julia has a lot of experience. She

(take) 15 days off sick this year already and it is only May!
(manage) this department for years.

f) They

(employ) more than 300 people over the years.

0
0
0

(train) lots of young employees across a few different teams.

John
I'm so happy! I
My manager

(finish) my apprenticeship at last.
(approve) my vacation days. I'm going to Italy in July.

'4>))
18



2.9 LISTEN TO THE AUDIO AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS

8

Two colleagues are
discussing their past
experience.

Suzi has always worked in HR.
True

False

Not given

t) Jack has worked for CIE for six years.
True
This is Suzi's first day at the company.
True

0

False

v( Not given

C


False

Not given

0

Not given

Jack has never worked for another company.
True

Suzi's previous company was smaller.
True

0

False

False

Not given

Jack and Suzi always work the same days.
False

True

Not given

2.10 CROSS OUT THE INCORRECT WORDS IN EACH SENTENCE, THEN SAY THE

SENTENCES OUT LOUD
I worl
!'- - - - -

0

l

I drove I was driving I have driven taxis when I saw this job advertised.
I managed I was managing I have managed accounts for this company for seven years.
I bought I was buying I have bought my first business in 2009.
I was studying in college when I saw I was seeing I have seen this job.
They invested I were investing I have invested in this company since 2010.
In 2014, I sold I was selling I has sold the company to an investor.

0

CHECKLIST

o0 Past simple and past continuous D

Aa Sharing past experiences

D

1'le Talking about past experiences D
19

Vocabulary
DEPARTMENTS

Administration

Production

[deals with organization and internal
and external communication]

[ensures all manufacturing
stages run smoothly]

Research and Development (R&D} . ., ,

Purchasing

[deals with researching and developing
future products for a company]

[deals with buying goods and
raw materials]

~--·

Human Resources (HR}

Sales

[deals with employee relations

and matters such as hiring staff]

[deals with selling a finished
product to outside markets]

Accounts I Finance

Facilities I Office Services

[deals with money matters, from
paying bills to projecting sales]

[ensures the smooth day-to-day running
of the practical aspects of a company]

Marketing

Legal

[deals with promoting products]

[ensures that all contracts and
company activities are legal]

Public Relations (PR}

Information Technology (IT}

[deals with maintaining a positive
public image for a company]

[ensures that all technological systems
are working and maintained]

20


3.

ROLES

employer

Chief Executive
Officer (CEO)

manager

employee

Chief Financial Officer
(CFO)

assistant

.. o)
3.

DESCRIBING ROLES

We all work for a large
department store.

He looks after our
salaries and wages.

to work for

to look after

[to be employed by a company]

[to ensure something runs smoothly)

I work in event
management.

They are responsible for
office maintenance.

to work in

to be responsible for

[to be employed in a
department or area of an industry]

[to have the duty of ensuring
something is done effectively]

She works as a
fashion designer.
to work as
[to have a particular job or role]

I'm in charge of
administration.
to be in charge of
[to have control and
authority over something]

21


Talking about changes
o0

There are many ways to talk about changes at work
in the past and present. Many of the phrases include
"used to," which can have several different meanings.

New language "Used to," "be I get used to"

Aa Vocabulary Small talk

ft.

New skill Talking about changes at work

1 KEY LANGUAGE "USED TO "GET USED TO AND "BE USED TO"

I

II

I

II

"Used" with an infinitive describes
a regular habit or state in the past.

r

"To eat" is the infinitive
form of the verb.

Staff used to eat lunch at their desks.
"Get used to" describes the process
of becoming familiar with something.

r

"Get used to" can be fol lowed by a
noun or gerund.

It took a while to get used to { the comt~ute.
commu 1ng.
"Be used to" describes being
familiar with something.

r

•

_<!>. •··'' ··0 ·

..rr

"Be used to" can be followed
by a noun or gerund.

waking up early.
•
Nowadays I am used to {
ear1y mornings.

4.2 FURTHER EXAMPLES "USED TO," "GET USED TO," AND "BE USED TO"

r

.

In questions and negatives,
there is no "d" after "use "

Did you use to do everything +-I
_II _~~
by hand in the factory?
.....

,. ,

Criani"i"

I don't know that I will ever
get used to these uniforms!

(t~f
fl

n

•

We didn't use to have so much
construction in the area.

~

~

After working here for a decade,
we are used to the noise.
>)J

22


4.4 LISTEN TO THE AUDIO, THEN
NUMBER THE PICTURES IN THE

ORDER THEY ARE DESCRIBED

4.3 MARK THE SENTENCES
THAT ARE CORRECT
He is used to working from home.

0

~ooo ~

OD

He is use to working from home.

r

I use to travel to work by car.
I used to travel to work by car.

0

She's used to giving big presentations.
She's used to give big presentations.

)

f) I'll get used to my new job eventually.

G.

I get used my new job eventually.

0
0

.

:

We didn't used to get paid a bonus.

[

We didn't use to get paid a bonus.

[ J

Did he use to work in marketing?

LJ

Did he used to work in marketing?

[l

•

(,

4.5 REWRITE THE SENTENCES, PUTTING THE WORDS IN THE CORRECT ORDER

to

Will

0

I

we ever get
on

Ol

serious.

e

strict

OI

here?

to

Will

used

I

we

living

ever

I
I

used to Livi113 hen?

used

)

1I

get

finish

didn't

l am

London?

)

Fridays.

II

to

boss.

~

work

She

used

We )

at

JL

be

working

---you
)(

Did

to

J (

use

~J
use

noon

}l

so

for

(

J
to

in

a

J
-41))

23


4.o MATCH THE PAIRS OF PHRASES THAT MEAN THE SAME THING

I was a bank employee in the past.

~

Did he use to work in a bank?

0

I began working long days early in my career.

I

I used to work in a bank.

0

He is a qualified lawyer now.

You didn't use to work such long hours.

)

0

I don't usually work short days.

I am used to working long hours.

)

•

Your working day was shorter in the past.

-J
)

7 READ THE ARTICLE AND
ANSWER THE QUESTIONS
Weather is a common topic for small talk.

True v( False

0

He didn't use to have a law degree.

--Has he worked in a bank before?

l

Not given

I got used to long hours in my first job.

l

It's good to talk
Small talk-chatting about trivial
topics such as the weather

in your job.

0

Notgiven

l

Sports are the most common topic for small talk.

True

0

False

I

False

Not given

People who are good at small talk are
generally disliked.

True

8

False

Not given

Not every topic is suitable for small talk.

True

24

Not given

When talking to a colleague, don't look at their face.

True

8

False

False

Not given

J

WORKPLACE ADVICE

Being good at small talk can give you an advantage

True

~
_)

U

M

orning, Sammy. Did
you see the game
last night?" This kind of
small talk happens in every
office around the world,
every day. People who make
an effort to talk to others are more well-liked by their
colleagues. When you make small talk, you make the
other person feel more relaxed, and form a connection
with that person. People who are good at small talk tend
to be quick thinkers, and businesses like employees who
can think on their feet. So what are the key skills you
need to master to be good at small talk? Make eye
~ontact with the other person, and listen. Be interested
m what they have to say. Stick to topics such as hobbies,
books, films, and the weather. And avoid uncomfortable

topics such as politics, religion, and money.


4 8 MARK THE BEST REPLY
TO EACH STATEMENT
I'm not used
to this heat!

J

0

G:(

Would you like
something to drink?
Good afternoon,
Mrs. Sullivan.

4 9 CROSS OUT THE INCORRECT -,
WORDS IN EACH SENTENCE, THEN
SAY THE SENTENCES OUT LOUD

When I lived there, I used to I .was used tehave breakfast in a cafe every morning.

J

l
1

)

~
You look tired.

~

I feel really hungry.

1

nn
0
Did you see
the game
last night?

· ~+

l

I'm not used to
starting at 6am!

0

I enjoy
watching films .

I

My grandfather used to I got used to walk
four miles to school every morning.

Yes, what a
disappointment!

n ft

When I was young, I didn't use to I
wasn't use to like mushrooms.

(

I didn't use
to like it.

Would you
like some of
this pizza?

l

Yes, please. It
looks delicious.

0

It takes me 20
minutes to

get to work.

. 4. :.

I n

The sky looks
black outside.

That's a very short
commute!

Are you used to I got used to your
new job yet?

I grew up in Florida, so I used to I
am used to the heat.

It's more
expensive by train.

Yes, I think it's
going to rain .

I.....
r'

We used to I were used to go to the
south of France every year.

I'm going away
this weekend.

CHECKLIST

o0 "Used to," "be I get used to" D

Aa Small talk

0

all-Talking about changes at work

0
25


Delegating tasks
When things get busy, you may want to delegate tasks
to colleagues. To do this, different modal verbs are used
in English to show the level of obligation.

f

o0

New language Modal verbs for obligation

Aa Vocabulary Delegation and politeness

r'I-

New skill Delegating tasks to col leagues

KEY LANGUAGE MODAL VERBS FOR OBLIGATION

Certain modal verbs can be used to say
that someone needs to do something.

,. .!.

•

<l'>tr-~

nn1 '"

-rtt
m

I

{ha~~v=~~to} leave this with you.

need to
~ "Need" acts like a modal verb here, expressing strong obligation .

You don't have to deal with this today.
~ "Don't have to" means that there is
no obligation to do something.

You must complete this project by Monday.
~ "Must" is a direct, and sometimes impolite,
way to say something needs to be done.

i!i

..

You must not go into the testing area.
~ "Must not" means that something is prohibited.

"' HOW TO FORM MODAL VERBS FOR OBLIGATION
"Mus t " does not change
with the subject, but
"have to" becomes "has
to" in the third person
singu lar. Both are
follow ed by the base
form of the main verb.

l

26

SUBJECT ....

"MUST I HAVE TO"

...

MAIN VERB

·-'

REST OF SENTENCE

·'"'

must
You

have (got) to
must not

leave

early tomorrow.

don't have to

~


5. 3 MATCH THE BEGINNINGS OF THE SENTENCES TO THE CORRECT ENDINGS

~ort about recycling.

I need you to

-

0

[We have got to ask

-

~

G complete it today.

f) ( You must put the finished_ _ _ _~(
f) [ We must not forget

(£,roposal on my desk tomorrow.

[ Gave to help Sarni p_ro_d_u_ce_ _ _~__,

e

G

u don't h_av_e__

take care of this project while I'm away.

(

0

_ ____

~<

(

....J

5 5 LISTEN TO THE AUDIO AND
ANSWER THE QUESTIONS

.u""'·~·
rgil
f!i

n

You has to do this assignment today.
We need to increase sales to Europe.

A manager is
delegating tasks. to an
employee at a firm.

The conference takes place once a year.

We need increase sales to Europe.

.

True

False

Not given

r7(

'

0

We can't to reveal our new product yet.

The conference will take place in August.

True

f) You don't having to work late.
You don't have to work late.

0

for some support on this project.
-

You have to do this assignment today.

f) We can't reveal our new product yet.

_j

_

~k after this project while he's away~

5.4 MARK THE SENTENCES
THAT ARE CORRECT

0

J

c_J False [_ Not given

f) The conference will take place at the office.

I will need the accounts by tomorrow.

True

False [

Not given

I need have the accounts tomorrow.

9

f) The manager wants Shona to ask about prices.
We have get to find a new IT manager.

True

False

Not given

We have got to find a new IT manager.

0

You need to produce a spreadsheet.

0

0

You must to produce a spreadsheet.

We must reaching our sales target.
We must reach our sales target.

Shona must complete the task by tomorrow.

True

D
9

C

False

Not given

Shena's boss often delegates work to her.

True

False

Not given

27


7 REWRITE THE SENTENCES,
PUTTING THE WORDS IN THE
CORRECT ORDER

KEY LANGUAGE POLITENESS
To maintain a friendly, polite atmosphere,
you can use "we" instead of "you" to
express obligation.

•

print

ti~i-fJ~r~
We have to finish this project soon

Other modal verbs can also be used
in business to delegate tasks politely.

• •

ti~t~1 %t~
Could } you look after this for me?
Would

~"Would"

copy?

Co111..Ld_y_o111..l'rivtt me.

0

you

answer

8

you

Would

f) We

0
O

you

send

to

my

call

have

this

[ me

ioJ!Y?

Ill

Would

Could

a

a

- )
Could

phone?

the

supplier?

today.

book

Could

you

finish

meeting?

today?

is more formal
and is rarely used.

5 8 CROSS OUT THE INCORRECT WORDS IN EACH SENTENCE, THEN SAY THE
SENTENCES OUT LOUD

((
0

Don't worry! You don't have to I must not deal with this right now.

Could I Have you deliver this letter for me, please?
r (• •

Must I Would you show the new employee around the office?

l
r

f)

jess, I have got

I need to leave early today. Could you let Philippe know?

l
r

28

(• •

<••'4>))

5.9 READ THE ARTICLE AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS
BUSINESS WEEKLY

Team leaders should do everyday tasks.

l

True

0

A routine task is answering customer enquiries.

False

[Zf

Not given

I

True ~ False _J Not given

0

People who don't delegate often feel stressed.
True

8

J

False

l

Not given

Trust in managers is falling in most companies.
True

l

Not given

A team leader has to avoid doing everyday tasks.
True ' ] False

0

L

:J

False

L

Not given

l

f) Team leaders should trust their staff.
True

n

False

Not given

Sharing the load
Relieve stress by learning to
delegate better

T

eam leaders must think
about goals and how to
achieve them. This takes
time. You won't have this
thi.nking time if you're busy
domg routine tasks and you
will feel stressed. You have to let your team
members handle the everyday tasks. Show our
team members you trust them. Ask them Jthe
could show you a plan of h
h

y
h ·
.
ow t ey can manage
.
t e1r work m their own way Th'
b 'Id b
· is way you will
m a etter working relationship.

CHECKLIST

o0 Modal verbs for obligation D
(

Aa Delegation and politeness

D

ft.

Delegating tasks to colleagues

D

REVIEW THE ENGLISH YOU HAVE LEARNED IN UNITS 1-5
NEW LANGUAGE

v

SAMP LE SENTENCE

INTRODUCING YOURSELF AND
OTHERS

You must be Eric fro m the UK.
Tony, this is Hayao fr om our Japanese office.

THE PAST SIMPLE AND THE PAST
CONTINUOUS FOR PAST EXPERIENCES

THE PAST TENSE FOR POLITENESS

UNIT

'
D

1.1

I was working 60 ho urs per week when
I came here.

[J

2.1

Did you want a tour of the office?

D

2.4

-

-

TALKING ABOUT THE RECENT PAST
WITH THE PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE

I have worked in a fe w different teams.

TALKING ABOUT CHANGES WITH
"USED TO" AND "BE I GET USED TO"
DELEGATING TASKS WITH MODALS

D

2.6

Staff used to eat lune h at their desks.
It took a while to get used to the commute.

[ l

4.1

I have to leave this w ith you.
Could you look after this for me?

D

5.1, 5.6

-~

29


Vocabulary
6.1 MONEY AND FINANCE
The company's income
fell last year.

The initial expenditure on technology
was huge, but now we can work faster.

-

•

income

expenditure I outlay

[money coming into a business]

[an amount of money spent]

We have a large budget for this movie,

so the effects will be amazing.

We must do all we can to avoid
getting into debt.

a budget

to get into debt

(the amount of money that is
available to spend on something]

[to get into a situation where
you owe people money]

The bank charges for
overdrafts now.

The profit margin on these T-shirts is huge!

an overdraft

a profit margin

(extra money the bank allows you to spend]

[the difference between the cost of making
or buying something and what it's sold for]

We need to sell two cars

to break even.

We haven't sold enough pineapples.
We've made a loss.

to break even

to make a loss

[to earn just enough to cover the
costs of producing a product]

(to lose money by spending more
than you earn]

We need to make sure the accounts
are always up to date.

High overheads make this business
difficult to run.

accounts

overheads

[records of money paid into and
out of a business]

[the regular costs of running a business,
such as wages]

30