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BQ GIAO DI,JC VA DAD TAO

<b>TAI Litt T </b>

<b>,AP </b>

<b>HUAN </b>

NANG CAO NANG INC

DANH GIA

XUYEN CAC M6N HQC/

HOAT DQNG GIAO DIJC

<i>(Theo Thong he </i>

<i>so </i>

<i>22/2016/TT-BGDDT) </i>

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-

<b>II • </b>
<b>I 1,111. </b>

<b>.1. • </b>

<i><b>-Plc </b></i>

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<b>1 </b>
<b>-1.11. </b>

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<b>9 </b>

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11

11

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PHAN I

GIOI THIEU CHUNG VE DANH GIA Tillie:NG XUYEN

I. Khai (pat v danh gia thirirng xuyen

1.1. Dinh gia thinlyng xuyen la gi?

Xet theo tinh lien nit va tiled diem danh gia thi danh gia trong giat dye thuang dirge chia
<i>thanh hai loai la: danh gici thwang xuyen viz danh gia clinh ki. </i>

Danh gia thireng xuyen (DGTX) hay con ged la danh gia qua trinh la heat (king danh gia
din ra trong tien trinh thirc hien heat (long giang day mOn h9c, cung cap thong tin phin h8i
cho giao vien (GV) va he sinh (HS) nhAm mgc lieu cai thin boat dOng giang day, hoc tap.

DGTX chi nhcmg hoat deng kiam tra danh gia dirge thgc hien trong qua trinh day hgc, co
nghla phan biet voi nhang hoat dOng kiam tra danh gia tru6c khi bat dAu qua trinh day h9c
<i>met mon hoc nao do (danh gici (tau nam/dcinh gia dip 16p) hoc sau khi ket thfic qui trinh day </i>
<i>h9c mon hoc nay (danh gici tong kit). DGTX dirge xem la danh gia vi quci trinh hpc tap hoc </i>

<i>vi sr trin LIO eüa ngued hoc. </i>

1.2. Mgc dich ciia dinh gia thinlyng xuyen

Mgc dich ella DGTX la nham thu thap cac mitt chimg lien quan dan kat qua he tap dm
h9c sinh (HS) trong qua trinh he da cung cap dicing phan hei cho HS va GV biet nhang gi h9
da lam dirge so yeti mire ti8u, yea cau cila bai h9c, ella chucmg trinh va nhang gi he, chua lam
dirge

a

_{dieu chinh boat dOng day va hoe. DGTX dim ra nhang khuyan nghi da HS c6 the lam}
Mt han nhitng gi minh chua lain dirge, tir do nang cao ket qua he tap trong than diam tiep

theo.

DGTX con gulp chart doan hoac do kien thdc va ki nang hien tai dm HS nhAm dg bao
hoc tien doan nhimg bai he hoc chuang trinh h9c tiep theo cAn dirge xay climg tha nao cho
pith hgp voi trinh d, de diem tam li dm HS.

Co sir khac nhau ye mgc dich danh gia ella DGTX va danh gia dinh ki. DGTX co mgc
dich chinh la cung cap kip thai th6ng tin phan hoi cho GV va HS

a

_{diau chinh hog deng day}
va hoc, khong nhAm xap loai thanh tich hay kat qua hoc tap. DGTX khong nhAm mgc dich
dua ra ket luan ye kat qua giao dye cuei ding ella timg HS. Ngoai viec kip th6i Ong vien,
<i>khuyen khich khi h9c sinh thuc hien Mt nhiem vu hgc tap, DGTX can tap thing vio vie phat </i>

<i>hien, tim ra nhang thiiu set, 154 nhang nhan tat cinh hwang xciu din kit qua hpc tap, ren luyen </i>
<i>dm HS d'a c6 riffling giai phap h6 trg dieu chinh kip that gillp cai thien, nang cao chat lugng </i>

day hoc, giao due. Trong khi mtic dich chinh ella danh gia dinh ki la xac dinh mac dO dat
thanh tich cita HS, ma it quan tarn den vie thanh tich do HS da dat dirge ra sao/ bang each
nao va ket qua danh gia nay dirge sir dung de

xep

_{loai, c8ng than HS da hoan thanh hoe chua}
bean thanh nhiem vg h9c tap.

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1.3. Mt se diem can chit trong danh gia thiromg xuyen
<i>1.3.1. Thang tin thu nhan trong drink gici among xuyen </i>

De c6 th8ng tin khi thy° hien DGTX, GV can tap trung quan tam den:

<i>(I) Sy tich cyc, chili tang &ea HS trong qua trinh tham gia ccic hogt dang hpc tap, ren </i>
<i>luyen duct giao: GV khong chi giao nhiem vg, xem xet HS c6 hoan thanh hay lchong, ma phai </i>
xem xet tirng HS hoen thanh the nao (c6 chü deng, tich eve, co Icho khan gi... c6 hieu re mgc
tiou hoc tap va san sang thgc hien,...). GV thfrOng xuyen theo dei va thong bao ve sg tien 138
Gila HS huerng den viec dat dirge cac mgc tiou h9c tap/gido due.

<i>Sy hileng MU, ty tin, cam kit, trach nhiem caa HS khi thyc hien ccic hogt d' Ong hoc tap co </i>
<i>nhan: HS tham gia thgc hien cac nhiem vg h9c tap cá nhan co the hien tinh trach nhiem, co </i>
hung tha, c6 the' hien sr tg tin,... Day la nhang chi bao quan trgng de xac dinh xem HS can he"
trg gi trong hgc tap, ren luyen.

<i>Thyc hien ccic nhiem vy hpp bac nh6m: Thong qua cat nhiem vi hgc tap, ren luyen theo </i>
ahem (k'e ea hoar &Ong tap the), GV quart sat— dE danh gia HS.

<i>Vi dw GV giao nhiem vy, yeu eau HS lam viec theo nhom nha, stru kiln tie lieu vJ mat chit </i>
<i>d'e nao dá. Cac thanh vie'n trong mgi nhom chia nhau situ tdm tai lieu, sau do c6 sit thao luan </i>
<i>gala cac thanh vien trong nham va tang hop thanh mat boo ccio chung cica nh6m. Met nhom </i>
<i>trinh bay bcio coo cilia minh try& lap der GV va thanh vien cac nham khdc thao luan, nhan xet </i>
<i>binh luan va clanh gith. HS lam viec cling nhau trong mgi nhthm, bao ccio cña nham la san </i>
<i>pham c6 se dang gap czia tang thanh vien, HS la ngteal thyc hien cling clang that la ngtroi </i>
<i>donh gici kit qua... </i>

<i>Ty donh gia va dcinh gia len nhau: Tg danh gia va danh gia ban cling e6 the he trer </i>
<i>hieu qua qua trinh h9c tap, ren luyen effa h9c sinh, VD: GV vi 2 HS Mn bang lam bai tap, </i>
<i>chrai lop tat ca HS cling lam bai tap nay, sau khi 2 bgn lam bai xong, co yeu cau ccic bgn adi </i>
<i>vi tri cho nhau va xem xet kit qua lam bai caa bgn, phcit hien xem ccich lam clic: bgn c6 gi </i>
<i>Ichac vai ccich lam cita minh, dung sai chg nao? cac ban khac cling dirge you cu ttrang tv - </i>
d6i bai lam cho nhau de xem xet each lam dm ban c6 gi khac voi minh, dung sai eb nao?...
teen ccr se do mei HS tg phan hi, tg dieu chinh. Caeh dánh gia nhu vay the Men sg linh hoat,
sang tao, tao hung thu,... HS fle chap nhan kat qua danh gia, kh6ng tao áp Igc, khong lam
thucmg ten HS.

<i>1.3.2. Cdc cong cy dung trong cicinh gici thuirng xuyin </i>

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tinh chit quan eüa timg GV). Vi du c6 the hoi nhang cau hei kh6, dôi hoi sr suy nghi s'au sac,

sir sang tao yeti nhang HS kha, giOi... nhtmg vei nhang HS trung birth, can di:a ra nhtmg eau
hen de hem, khong doi hen nhieu str tap trung suy nghT, khong den h6i sir sang tao,... vi muc
tieu GV mong mue'n là rthemg HS yau cling phai dirge tham gia... tao dtmg sg tu tin a nhang
HS nay. Cong cu sir dg trong DGTX ea the dirge dieu chinh de dap img rave tieu thu thap
<i>nhimg thong tin h'itu ich dien hinh ô tirng HS, do vay khong nheit thth can tai viec cho diem. </i>
<i>1.3.3. Sy • tham gia cats HS trong chinh giá thuirng xuyen </i>

DGTX cling cung cap thong tin phan hi cho nguei h9c ve mire de tiep thu, nim vimg bai
hoc dm HS, nhang huh we c'an cai thin, dang thed &op GV thiet ke phtrang phip giang day
phit hap hon. Viec danh gia tre nen Y nghia va phit hyp han neu HS ding tham gia danh gia
cac ban trong nhotn/ trong lop va tir danh gia chinh ban than mirth. Co the Mc dau co met sa
<i>HS gap kW, khan, nhung nEu dirge huOng clan, thao luan cimg cac ban trong nhom, cac em </i>
nay se nhanh ch6ng biet each tu danh gia va thich tho khi dirge danh gia ban. Khi HS dam
nhan vai tro tich ctrc trong viec tham gia xay dung tieu chi danh gia/ chain diem, ttr danh gia/
ttr chain diem, dirge danh gia cac ban..., dieu do cang co ngliia la HS san sang chap nhan cac
tieu chi danh gia, each than danh gia da ducyc xay dung... de danh gia Icha nang h9c tap eita
minh. Ket qua tv danh gia va tham gia danh gia ban ginp cac em d dang (than ra nhimg sai
sot dm ban than va hoc dirge each lam hay tir cac ban.

1.4. Cie you eau, nguyen tie dm danh gii thuimg xuyen

Can xac dinh re mu° tieu a tir do xac dinh dirge phuang phap hay kg thuat sir dung
trong DGTX.

Cáe nhiem vu DGTX dirge de' ra nharn muc dich M trg, nang cao hoat dong h9c tap.
DGTX 'than mph den ttr danh gia mire de dap irng cac tieu chi tha bai h9c va phtrang huemg
cal thin de dap On tat han ntra;

Vic nhan xet trong DGTX tap trung cung cap thong tin phan hi chi ra the nei dung
can chinh sira, dang then dua ra led khuyen cho hanh dOng tiep theo (ngay trues° mat HS phai

lam gi... va lam bang each nao)?;

'Chong so sanh HS nay ved HS khac, han che nhang 16i nhan xet tieu eve, truesc str
chung kien eM cac ban h9c,

a

tranh iS thuang tan HS;

M9i HS deu ca the thanh ding. CV khiing chi danh gia kien thirc, k nang... ma phai chit
tong den thnh gia cac nang lye, pham chat (tv quan, tv h9c, hap tac, giai quyet van de... ty
tin, trach nhiem, doan ket yeu thuang) tren nen cam xitc/ niem tin tich cue... de tao dung niem
tin, nuoi dung hung UM h9c tap;

DGTX phai thite day hoat &Ong h9c tap, Mc la giam thieu str thing phat/ de d9a/ che bai
HS, dang thed tang str khen nggi, dOng vien. Hay khen HS khi the em lam dieu gi de &mg.
Hay noi: "co rat iv hao ve con,... con rat the ce rat thich each con lam...". Hay dung
nhang led khen de' tao ra nhirmg rung cam tich eve 6 HS.

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<b>H. Cie phtrang phi') va ki thuat dfinh gii thtnrng xuyen </b>

2.1. Nhom phtrcrng phi') quan sit

<i>2.1.1. Khdi nienz </i>

Quan sat la nhom phuang phap chit yeu ma GV thubng sir dvng de thu thap dit lieu kiem
tra dinh gia. Quan sit bao ham viec thee del hoc xem xet HS thgc hien eic heat (king (quan
sit qui trinh) hoac nhan xet met san pham do HS lam ra (quan sat san phim).

<i>Quan sat quci trinh: din holt tong_ tiled gian quan sat, GV phai chit 3? den nhting hanh vi </i>

<i>tha HS nhu: phat am sai tir trong mein tap dgc, sir tucrng tac (tranh Wan, chia se ck suy nghl, </i>
bieu 10 cam _{gala cfic em veri rthau trong nh6m, noi chuyen rieng trong lerp, bit /tat cic}
HS khae, mat tap thing, ceo ye mat cang thing, lo ling, lung tung,.. hay hao hang, gia thy phat

bieu trong gib hgc, ngei im thy Ong hoc kitting ngei yen dugc qua ba

<i>Quan sat san philm: HS phii tao ra san pliant et; the, 1a bang chimg cüa sr van dung cac </i>

kien thirc di hoc. Nhang sin phAm rat da clang: bai Wan ngin, bai tap nhom, bao cao ghi
chep/bai tap mon khoa hoc, bao cio khoa hgc, bao cao thge hanh, bieu

_a,

_{bieu bang thee chit}
de, ye met bet tranh tinh vat, tao ra dugc met dung cv thgc hank/ thi nghiem... HS phai tv
trinh bay san pham tha mirth, cOn GV dinh gia sij tien be hoc xem xet qui trinh lam ra san
pham do. GV se quan sat va cho kien dinh gia ye san pham, gifip cfic em hoan thien san
phim.

<i>Met s6 quan sit dirge tien hanh có chti dinh va dinh trtrac, nhu trong truerng hgp GV dinh </i>
gia HS khi cic em doe bai trong nhom tap dc hoc trinh bay met bao cao tnrerc _Trong
<i>nhang firth Inteng ram the, GV c6 the' quan sat mat tap hop ccic hanh vi &ng </i>Xl't dm HS. Vi du,
khi HS doe bai truck lap, GV c6 th'e thee del va ling nghe xem HS pith am S vgng c6 roi
rang kh8ng, c6 len xueng gigng dE nhin manh cac diem quan treng khong, c6 thuerng xuyen
nguerc len thin trong khi chic hay khong, co the hien sir ttr tin, hien sau bai hay khong...
Nhang quan sat nhu the di dug° dinh san nen GV c6 tiled gian de chuan bi cho HS va xac
dinh tube timg hanh vi ev the So se dugc quan sat.

<i>Met se cic quan sit khac cim GV lai khong chti dinh viz nem nhien, nhu khi GV thay hai </i>
HS mil chuyen thay vi thao Wan bai h9c, nhan thay met em HS ce, bieu hien Mn druang khi bi
ban cling lap ten chgc ve quart do Gila minh, hoc nhin thay met HS Mn chen, ngei kheing
yen va luOn nhin ra cira se trong suiit gib khoa h9c... Nhang quan sit tg pith nhu the', din tren
nhang bit gap bat chat khi "quan sat HS", phan inh nhcmg chuyen xay ra thoang qua killing
dinh san ma GV ghi nhan dugc va phai suy nghl, dien giai. Cie quan sit chit dinh va ngau
nhien cim GV deu la nhang ki thuat thu thap thong tin quan trgng trong lop h9c.

<i>Cric At thuift thwang sir dung trong quan sat </i>

Thong thuemg trong quan sit, GV có the sa dung cac loai ki thuat sau de thu dial) thong
<i>tin. DO la: ghi chap ccic str kin thuang nhat; sir dyng thang do; see dyng bang kiEm tra (bang </i>

<i>kiim)/ bang tham chieu; sir dyng phiiu hzrong dJn dánh gici theo tieu chi. </i>

<i>a) Ghi chip ngi fin </i>

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hanh hay trai nghiam thvc th. Nhüng ghi chep khong chinh thirc nay cung cap cho GV thong
<i>tin ve mut d6 ngiroi hpc tap trung xfc Ii thong tin, phai hpp vti nhom ban h9c, nhang kho </i>

<i>khan/wrong mac cica noted h9c... cling nhut nhang quan sat tang hop yi ccich hpc, thai d6 va </i>
<i>hanh vi h9c tap. </i>

<i><b>b) Ghi chip cdc sr kien thufmg nkit </b></i>

Hang ngay GV lam viac vai HS, quart sat HS va ghi nhan dirge fat nhieu thong tin ve hog
<i><b>dang hgc tap dm HS. Vi dv, HS A luOn thikt tap trung chic va hay nhin ra ceta sa. HS B luon </b></i>

<i>lam xong nhiim </i><b>V(4 </b><i>dux minh som va gizip dã cow bgn khcic trong gide thvc hanh... Nhang sv </i>

kin lat vat hang ngay nhu vay ce, nghia quan tr9ng trong danh gia. NO giitp cho GV dv
doan kha nang va each eng xir cim HS trong nhimg tinh huong khac nhau hoac giai thich cho
ket qua thu.dugc tir nhimg bai kiem tra viet dm HS.

Tuy nhien, nhUng an Mang ma GV c6 dirge th6ng qua quan sat thtrang mang mau sac chit
quan, vi vay can phai biet each ghi chop that khoa h9c, c6 h thang trong khi quan sat. Cach
<i>Mt !that la sit dyngsa cá nhan ghi chip nhang sz klin thyOng nhat. </i>

Ghi chep nhimg sv Man thuang nhat la viac ma tã lai nhang sv kian hay nhang tinh fiat

<i>&mg chti 52 ma GV nhan thay trong qua trinh tie') xiic \Teri HS. Nhang sir kin can dugc ghi </i>
<i>chip Igi ngay sau khi no may ra. M8i HS can dirge danh cho mat vai to trong s ghi chop. Can </i>

ghi tach Wet phan met ta sir lcian vai phan nhan xet ve sr kin cüa GV. Sau mat Si sr kin,
GV cif) the ghi chit nhirng each giai quyet

a

cai thin tinh hinh hoc tap eita ITS hoc dieu
chinh nhimg sai lam ma HS mac phai.

<b>MAU GM CHEP ST KIN THU'ONG NHAT </b>

Ten HS: Lep: - Thai gian. Dja

diem.

STT MO ta sty kien Nhan xet Ghi chit

GV co the sir citing sa ca nhan de ghi chep cac sr kin thuemg nhat... thu thap nhieu thong
tin ve ket qua h9c tap, ve ket qua ren luyen va hog dang xa hai cila HS.

Tuy nhien, GV kh8ng c6 kha nang quan sat va ghi chep dirge tAt ca nhimg hanh vi, sr
kin, diet ra hang ngay dm HS dit rang chimg deu ca the la nhiing thing tin co5 gia tri. Do
<i>vay, can phai có sr chpn Iva trong quan sat. DE vie'c quan sat va ghi chop cif) firth lcha thi,- GV </i>
can:

<i>Huang viac quan sat vao nhang hanh vi khong thj dcinh gia duvc bang nhi7eng phyong </i>

<i>phcip khac. </i>

<i>Giei han viec quan sat tap trung vao mat vai loai hanh vi nao do duvc xem ta clac tru-ng, </i>

<i>clan hinh... tuY theo mvc dich danh gia va mvc tieu quan sat cüa GV. </i>

<i>Gieri hart pham vi quan sat a mOt vat dai tu-cmg HS can tai sr gift') der dc biat elm GV. </i>
<i>tiu diem dm sti ca nhan ghi chop sir kian la no m6 ta !al nhang hanh vi cua HS trong tinh </i>

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<i>huang tv nhien. Qua hoat deng va vice lam cp tht, HS tht hien minh rei net va chin thtrc nhat. </i>

Nher vay, kett qua quan sat c6 the dem dei chitu vai ktt qua van dap va kiem tra viet de danh
gia nhtmg tic ditm thtic chatcim HS, nhang thay dEi ve hanh vi eüa cac em.

Vic ghi chep str kien cling c6 thE ghi lai dugc nhcmg tinh hueng rat hiem hoi, khang di'en
hinh nhtrng rat quan tong trong viec danh gia HS ma kheing phuong phap nao thay the dugc.
Vi du, met HS rat it not tu dung lai no' rat nhieu. Met HS rat hung hang, tu dung lai hien lanh
de man... Niter chit y va ghi chef) lai nhtmg tinh fluting nhtr vay ma GV co the phat hien ra
nhieu dac ditm tinh cach mai me va xac dinh duce bien phap &lin due phit hap yen HS.

<i>Quan sat dac biet có ich &I vai HS nho, lira Wei chum c6 kha nang lam bai kiem tra vitt </i>

hay chua Co kha nang ttr danh gii hoac &rill gia In nhau. Tre MI6 lai thuong co nhung hanh
vi bet phat va khong kiem che nen viec quan sat, giai thich hanh vi thuerng d clang va chinh
xac han.

Viec ghi chep sty kien thtremg nhat CO han che la no den h6i GV phai dau ttr nhieu theri gian
<i>vl cling sire dt d'e ghi chop met each lien tyc va co he thiing. Neu tAt ca cac GV be m8n cling </i>
than gia ghi chep thi se bat ganh nang cho GV chit nhiem. Han mita, rat kh6 dt dam bao viec
ghi chep va nhan xet cac sir kien met each hoan toen khach quan. Tuy nhien, viec tang hap y
kian cim tAt ca cie GV tham gia ghi chep vet met HS thi viec danh gia sê khich quan han.

<i>Hanh vi dm HS thuerng c6 xu &rang kh8ng &n dinh, lac nay hang hai, lüc khac lai they a; </i>
co Mc lath limg, co Mc 1$ ceri _{tuY vao timg tinh hung, theri gian, dia diem khac nhau.}
Vi vay, GV kho có tht thu thap day da thong tin de c6 met hire tranh toan dien ve HS. GV chi

<i>nen dua ra danh gia cüa minh khi da co day dit lugng thang tin can thitt. </i>

<i>Da vi'ec ghi chep sr Icren thuong nhalt cilia HS có hieu qua, GV ccin twin theo mot so yeu </i>

<i>cau sau: </i>

— Xac dinh tnr6c nhirng sr kien can quan sat, nhtmg cling can chit Y den nhimg sir kien bat
thuemg.

— Quan sit va ghi chep day do ve sty kien dat trong met tinh huting/bei canh cp th't d'e str
kien ter nen c6 nghra Mtn. Sr kien xay ra can phai dugc ghi chep 1a cang sem cang tat.

— Tach rieng phan mo ti chan thuc sr kien va phan than xet etia GV. Can ghi chep ca
nhcmg hanh vi tich ctrc va hanh vi tieu etre.

— Can thu thap day du th8ng tin trtrerc khi dua ra nhimg than xet, danh gia ve hath vi, thai
de elm HS.

<i><b>c) Thang do </b></i>

KM DGTX, neu dieu kien cho phep, GV c6 tht sir dung thang do. Neu viec ghi chep
Ichong c6 cAu trim nhang sr kien din ra hang ngay, thi thang do cho phep GV din ra nhcmg
<i>nhan dinh cita minh theo met trinh tr co eau true. Thong thuemg, met thang do bao gem met </i>
he thang cac dac ditm, pham chat can danh gia va cac mire de dat dirge 6 mei pham chat dm
HS.

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N6 cung cap met bang tham chieu chung

a so

sanh cac HS v'e el:mg met loai pham chat, dc
diem... N6 cung cap met phucmg phap thuan tien de ghi chap nhaing &Ina gia cim ngueri quan
sat. Cling gieng nhu mcd Gong cu do ltrong khac, thang do can phai &roc xay dung dua ten
nhcing tieu chi nham plum vu nittmg num tieu clanh gia cu the.

MOt se logi thang do duet giai thieu & Phu lye. GV tham khao sir dung phü hap von dieu
kien thuc tan.

<b>2.2. Nh6m phyang phap vAn dap </b>

<i>2.2.L Vein tip (tt(it cau hOi và fru lot cau hot) </i>

Van dap la nh6m phuang phap chit yeu thir hai ma GV throng sir dung d thu fhb du lieu
tong hem tra clanh gia ten lop. Day la phuang phap GV dat cau hed va HS tra lbi cau heir
(hoac ngtrqc Jai), nham rat ra nhang ket luan, nhirrng tri thirc mei ma HS can nam, hoc nham
tong ket, cimg cO, kiem tra mix Ong, dao sau nhung tri thire ma HS da h9c. Phtrcmg phap (tot
eau hed van dap cung cap rAt nhi'eu thong tin chinh thirc va lchong chfith thirc ve HS.

Tu1 theo vi tri cüa phuang phap van dap tong qua trinh day h9c, cling nhu tuSr theo num
dich, nOi dung caa bai, ngued ta phan biet nhang clang van ddp ca ban sau:

<i>Vin clap goi ma: la hinh thirc GV kheo leo (1St nhiing cau hoi gai mar dan dat HS suy </i>
near, rat ra nhang nhan xet, nhitng kat luan can thiet tir nhang sij kien da quan sat dirge hoc
nhang tai lieu da h9c dirge, dirge sir clung khi cung cap tri thirc med.

GV sir dung phuang phap nay de clan dat HS, giap HS tu tim ra 1&i giai thich hap 11. VD:
Dieu gi s xay ra neu trai tat ngimg quay?

Hinh thue nay c6 tac dung khcri day tinh tich crc dm HS rat manh, nhung cling den h6i
GV phai kheo leo, tranh di duimg yang, lan man, xa van de.

<i>Vcin cicip cling </i>

<i>co: </i>

dirge sir dung sau khi giang tri that meri, giap HS eimg cO ducc nhitng
tri untie ca ban nit& va h theng hoi chang: mer Ong va dao sau nhang tri thirc da thu luam
dirge, khic plum tinh thieu chinh xdc cüa viec tam tri thirc.

<i>Vcin dap tang kit: dirge sir dung khi c'A'n clan dit HS khai quat hod, he theng hoa nhang </i>
tri thirc da bye sau mOt vdn

a,

met phan, met chtrang hay met mon h9c nhat dinh. Dang van
dap nay giap HS phat trien nang lac lchal quit hod, he theng hod, tranh nam bat nhang don vi
tri thirc red rac — gifip cho cac em phat huy tinh mem deo caa tu duy.

<i>Vein dcip kilm tra: dirge sir dung truerc, tong va sau gi& giang hoc sau met vai bai h9c, </i>
&up GV kiem tra tri thirc HS met each nhanh gon kip theri de co the be sung, cimg ca tri thire
ngay neu can thiet. N6 cang gitip HS tv kiem tra tri thin cUa minh.

<i>Vein cicip trong cicinh gia nang Arc via phiim cheit: dirge sir dung trong cdc boat clang trai </i>
nghiem thtm te, cdc cuee thi tim hieu (nhu Duerng len dinh Olympia...). VD: sau met hog
clang trai nghiem, HS dirge you eau tra led met so cau hed (Dieu be ich nhat qua hog deng trai
nghiem nay la gi?... nhiing dieu gi can rut kinh nghiem? ) hoc you cam HS dtra ra met se cac
cau h6i/kien nghi...

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ca 136n dang ki thuat van dap neu tren. Vi dp: Khi day bai meri, GV dung clang van dap ggi
ma: sau khi da cung cap tri thirc mad, dung van dap cimg cO de dam bao HS nam chic va day
cid tri thirc; earn gi&, dung van dap kiEm tra de co thong tin ngugc kip then tir phia HS,

<i>2.2.2. MOt so ki 1/twit vein drip </i>
<i>a) Dift cau hoi </i>

1(1 thu'at then eh& cüa phuung phap van dap IA ki thuat dAt cau hôi — day vita là mOt van
de khoa h9c, vita la mOt nghe thuat. De HS phat huy duce tinh tich cgc va tra leri dung vao
van de thi GV phai:

Chuan N tnrec nhtmg cau hai se tat ra cho HS: xac dinh re muc dich, yeu eau dm van
dap, cac cau hai can tap trung vao nhitng nOi dung/nhitng vAn M quan tr9ng cUa bai hgc, lam
dOi ttrgng se Mi.

+ Khuyen khich HS tham gia dat eau h6i: dat cau h6i ty van minh va tau hoi cho cat ban
h9c.

Dal tau hoi tat: cau hoi phai chinh xic, sat trinh dO HS, sat veri mut tieu, nOi dung bai
h9c, hinh thirc phai ngAn gcon de- hie..

Sir dung da clang cat loai cau hai de thu thap th8ng tin.

+ along clan HS tra leri tat: binh firth ling nghe va theo dei cau tra leri dm HS, huong din
tap the nhan xet M sung rai GV men ging ket, chit Y Ong vien nhemg em tra led tat va c6 co
gang phat biEu, dit chua dung.

Viet lam chit, thanh thao cac ki thuat dat cau hoi dac bit co ich trong khi day hgc:

<i>Theo em, tgi sao tac gith lgi kit thOccau chuyen cria minh theo each do? </i>
<i>Em hay gicii thich cho c6 m(51 phan sa là gi? </i>

<i>Em nao co thi nOi cho c6 nghe cau tra 161 nay chua phithgp 6 che nao? </i>
<i>Ai co thl torn tat bit& thew luan hem qua 6 nhiim m6i truemg?... </i>

<i>Day la nhimg loai eau h6i thuerng duqc thing de danh gia h trg h9c tap cita HS trong lerp </i>
h9c. Viec hoi HS rat c6 ich trong khi day hgc, 'that là khi can on lai met chit de tnroc de, suy
<i>nghi ve mOt chit de mai, xem HS c6 hieu bai hay kh8ng va thu hitt sir chit y dm met HS nao </i>
d6 dang mat tap trung. GV co the thu thap dugc thong tin minh muan ma kh6ng can den bat ki
met loai danh gia viet nao. Van dap la met doe trung ra't pha Nan cita mgi lop hc va sau m8i
bai giang, clay la boat dong day h9c thuotg dung nhAt.

<i>b) Nhiln xit bang tel </i>

- Nhan xet tich cut bang lai nai c6 tac dung dieu chinhhanh vi.

Cac kEt qua nghien thu cho thay nhang danh gia clued dang nhan xet tich cgc bang led dm
GV, cita ban cimg leq) ve mOt san pham hoc tap nao do... c6 tac dung nuoi clueing nhiing suy
nghi- tich cgc, hinh thanh sr nr tin a HS. Dieu nay c6 nghia vo tang quan tong vi n6 giop
HS Ur "cai (lit" lai suy nghilniem tin tich cgc cho chinh minh.

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you eau met HS hay nal. nhang Ibi nhan xet caa ca nhan... GV ggi Y, dinh htrang de HS n6i ra
nhang 'than xet bang lôi mang tinh xay dyng, tap trung vao nhimg diem tich eye han la nhang
diem chua tich eye. Met vi dy khac; met h9c sinh bye° vao lap dong eüa fat manh "danh
ram"— GV thay vi nhan xet: "em khong c6 thirc...", "khong *long càa manh nhu vay"...
hay noir: "ern (long eüa nhe hon c6 dirge khong?" hoc "ern lam vay, cai cir no dau lim

- HS co xu huffing ty dieu chinh Brill vi theo sr ki \icing eüa (IV.

NW-Mg HS kh8ng duce tan tong, ki vong cao thubng c6 xu twang suy nghi bi quan, tieu
ere va can den blitzing xu8i; ngtrgc lai nhang HS dirge ton trong, vong cao... c6 xu huang
suy nghi lac quan, tich erc se dat throe nhi-mg thanh cOng. Dieu nay phv thucic vio nhang lbi
nhan xot mang tinh xay dyng, the hien sr tin tuamg, vong caa GV de gifip HS tao Ong
niem tin, dling thtri giap cac em ty dieu chinh harth vi theo skr ki vong caa GV.

<i><b>Vi dy nhan xit v khci nong lam viec hop tac trong nh6m cita mat HS nhu mu : Em dâ </b></i>
<i>thyv hien tdtphdn viec ctia ca nhein. Em nen thorn gia them nhang viec chung ceta nhom nhu : </i>
<i><b>vilt bcio cao kit qua, hoc thay mat nh6m trinh bay kit qua. </b></i>

<i>Think bay mifng/kI chuyen </i>

HS throe you cau n6i ra nhang suy nghi, quan diem ca !than... chia se nhimg Si
nghiem, nhiing eau chuyen, nhang bai h9c kinh nghiem... qua trao dOi thao Wan theo chit de
(VD: chili de h9c tieng Anh hieu qua. Mei HS dirge you ciu trinh bay kinh nghiem hoc tieng

anti eüa ca nhan... ke cac cau chuyen bAng tiang Art... thkrc hien cac fro chai de phat trien ki
nang nghe n6i tieng Art).

<i>Ten vinh hpc 10p/ Ciao lieu chia si kinh nghiem </i>

MOt skr kin (giao hru, gap ger, phong vin nhang ca nhan GO thanh tich xuat sic ve hoc
tap, the thao.... VD: Ngued k'e chuyen hay nhit, ngubi viet thu hay nhit/ bao cao khoa hoc hay
nhit...), ma Or do HS c6 ca hei bao cao, chia se kien thac, hien Net eüa ck em ve met st) list
vIrc mon hoc... v6i ban hoc, yeti GV va phy huynh.

<i>2.2.3. Liu, nhuvc ttMm cita vein ddp </i>

Neu dirge van dung kheo leo, phuang phap van dap se co nhang tru diem sau:

— Kich thich tinh eye de lap tu duy a HS de tim ra eau tra l&i tOi tru trong tiled gian ngin
nhat.

Bai dung cho HS nang lye din dat bang lei tied; bOi dutrng hung did he tap qua kat
qua tra

Gitip GV thu tin hieu ngugc tir HS met each nhanh gun ket kip thgi dieu chinh boat &Ong
cita minh, mat khac co dieu kien quan tam den timg HS, nhat la nhang HS gi6i va kern.

Tao khong khi lam vice soi noi, sinh dOng trong gib hoc.

Neu van dyng khsong kheo leo, phucrng phap van dap c6 the 06 it nhieu han

D lam mit thai gian, anh hubrig khong Mt den ke hoach len 16p cling thu mit nhi'eu
thei gian de soan N thong eau h6i. NM khong kheo leo se khong thu hat dirge toan lop ma
chi la doi thoai gala GV va met HS.

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2.3. Nhom phtrung phap viet
<i>2.3.1. Khei niem </i>

Nhom phtrang phap viEt de c'ap den cach thirc, ki thuat danh gia the hien qua viec phan
tich bai viet Juan, cac san pham ma trong do HS phai viet cfiu tra lbi cho cac c'au hoi hoc van
de vao giay. Day chinh la nhom phuang phap kiem tra danh gia kieu truyen theng no duce sir
dung ca trong danh gia dinh ki (voi 2 clang chinh la bai kiem tra tv luart va kiem tra frac
nghiem). Nhom phtrang phap nay cling dugc sir dvng phe bien trong DGTX.

DGTX sir dvng cat Id thuat viet nhu: ghi chep ngan, viet thu, viet lbi nhk xet, viet Rn
binh viat ra nhimg suy nghi (yen cAu, mong muen/u6c ma... kith khan, suy ngam ca. ratan).
Khi HS &Km you au viet ra nhang suy nghi cita minh ve met van de gi do, hoan thanh met
bai tap ve nha dang viet Rn binhaien nghi, viet thu giri..., viet mvc tieu/ ke hoach,... viet met
ban bio cao, ye met bile tranh, viet, hoac dien theng tin vao met bang ma tan ghi nher, bang
ma tan kien thin ki nang ca ban..., tire la cac em dang cung cap ck chirng cir bang giay mvc
cho GV.

<i><b>2.3.2. Clic kr Mu& </b></i>
<i><b>Viet nhOn xet </b></i>

<i>- GV vat nhan xdt: Viet nhan xet la met ky thuat duct sir dung phO hien trong DGTX. </i>
GV thuang phai viet nhan xet yap ve, bai kiem tra, cac san pham hoc tap... Viet nhan xet can
<i>mang tinh xdy dyng, chti-a nhirng cam xfic tich cyc, nam tin veto HS... Nhu vay khi viet nhan </i>
xet, GV can de cap den nhang tru diem truac... nhiing kY vong... san de mai de cap den nhiing
diem can xem xet lai, nhiling _{can dieu chinh. Tranh nhang than xet chung chung, vO Mn:}
"chtra dung/sai/lam lai..."; "chua (tat you can"; "lac de"; "can c6 ging/c6 tien _{Khi viet}
nhan xet nen sir dung Itti le nhe nhang, the hien thai dO than thien, ton tong, tranh the pham...
HS se

a

_{tiOp than ham, tap thing vao met sO nhitng IOU sai sot c6 tinh he thong, dien hinh can}
sam kfric phuc.

<i>- HS vat leei nhan xdt: GV an huong d'an HS each viet than xet mang tinh xay dung, </i>
tap trung phat hien nliang diem tich cvc da IS dugc... thay vi chi chti nhang diem han
che/chua lam &rot.

<i><b>Vat lei binh/suy ngiim </b></i>

Suy ngam la str suy nghi sau, str ngam nghi yE dieu gi do. Hoat dOng hoc tap rat can
nhemg tinh hueng... buOc HS trai nghiem, suy ngarn de rut ra nhimg bai hoc. Trong DGTX,
GV can tao ca hei cho HS khong chi n6i ra ma la viEt ra nhimg suy nghi va suy ngam de danh
gia nhang kW) khan, that bai hay thanh cong cua minh trong hoc tap...

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<i>VD: GV c6 tha yeu cdu mei HS My suy nem va ttr hai minh, tv tra led nhci ng eau hei </i>
<i>&red day: </i>

<i>Uerc ma ctia em? </i>

<i>Ba diau em thich nh dt? Ba diau em ghet nhdt? </i>

<i>Ba diau em thich nhdt 0 có gicio? Ba diau em chtra thich & c6 giao? </i>
<i>Ba ban em thich nhdt trong lop? </i>

<i>Mon hpc new em thich nluit? Min hoc nao em tidy kh6 khan va khong thich? </i>
<i>Em cam tidy diau gi lam em vu! nhdt? </i>

<i>Diau gi khian em dang lo nggi ? kho khan hien hal cna em là gi ?... </i>

Hay you cu HS viet ra TIM-mg suy nghl/cau tra led cho nhiing tau hoi nay vao the phiau
tra va khuyan khich HS cep the chia se chimg vói nhem ban/cha me/thAy c8... GV hay
tirn hieu va xem xet ki ve nhang suy nghic niem tin cila HS b0c 10 qua nhirmg suy niem nay de

dieu chinh phucmg phap day h9c va gido due timg HS trong 16p sao cho phu hop v6i tam lY
ding em de dat hieu qua cao 'that.

<i>c) Vat btin thu hogch/ top san </i>

Tap san eüa lOrp la tap hop nhitng bai viet Wan ngin xung quanh m'n't chit de nao de ve 8
nhiem m8i tubing/ pha rung/ v sinh thtrc phim/ an toan giao Viat ban thu hoach/bao
<i>cao kat qua sau *it hoat dOng trai nghiem thue th... Day la ky thuat danh gia duce GV sir </i>
dung khit phi) bin. CO the GV sir dung cat sin phAm oh HS tir cat nhiem vi hoc tap hop tac
nhOm, tic hoat dOng trai nghiem thut te... de danh gia nang lye chung, phim chat cita HS hoc
tang lye h9c tap mon hoc. Chang c6 th'e a dang cau hei ma HS tu nghi ra sau do vier eau tra
16i dutni dang bai tu luan ngan hoc GV co the cung c'ep cat tau hoi htrerng d'an, dinh hitting
trong bao cao thu hoach da HS tra led. Bai luau, ban thu hoach...phai the hien Icha nang quan
sat, phat hien, suy ng-Arn, bai hoc kinh nghiem... dieu nay thueng cung cap nhting theing tin ret
hint Ich ve mut dO HS nhan tittle duce nghla cita vi'ec hoc tap, ren luye'n... nhu la kat qua
cila str trai nghiem gido due va phat trian nhan each cila cat em.

<i>d)HJsuhpctip </i>

Ha so lice tap la mOt tap hop dai din san phAm h9c tap tin mOt ngued h9c, thuang bao
gam nhiing san phAm tet nhat cho ted nay va meg s6 san phAm dang dursc hoan thanh... da tha
hien qua trinh n lye h9c tap dm ngued hoc.

HO so hoc tap cling c6 the la ha so d9c: HS ltru tnt &et ha so tat ca tai 1iu d9c de lap
cna the em & trtremg va ic nha. 146 scr nay cAn chira dung cat tat phi'm da hoan thanh va nhirmg
tac phAm mai bAt eau nhtmg chua hoan thanh. Ngoai ten Gila cuon sach / bai bao... va tic gia,
ha so d'an chira dtmg nhimg nhan xet, binh luan, mang tinh phan hai ca nhan dei vdd cat it
phAm ma cat em da a9c. Viet thao luan dinh ki nOi dung ha so nay se giitp GV Nat duct mire
dt) phat trien cUa ngtrOi h9c volt tu each la ngueri dc dOc lp va ggi cac each thuc de' GV c6
the khich 1 bã sung. Ha so d9c cei the dim vac ha so h9c tap dm ngueri hoc.

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H6 so h9c tap cling co the la met tap hop san phAm h9c tap dm HS thuee met rinh vtrc
nei dung cita men h9c (vi da: tap hgp nhang bai victt dm HS trong met nira hoc kg). Trong do
m76i sin phAm deu c6 nhan xet ctia GV hoc tu danh gia Gila HS. GV hoc HS co the dei chieu
san phAm dAu vâi Ian lugt cac san phAm tip theo

a

_{dua ra nhan xet ve qua trinh ITS tie'n be 6}
tirng chi bio.

<i>Vi dy: tap hop 4 bai viii' cáa 1-IS & naa hoc kj, I cho thdy : </i>

<i>DO dai bai viii tang len (se dogn trong phtin than bai nhi'eu hcm : tit I dogn phat </i>
<i>triin thanh 3 dogn) </i>

<i>- Chit de cart mgi dogn trong h&j viii tit mat chua &rot tha hien bdng cciu chit di din </i>
<i>mac d'd duct thi hien bang cciu cha </i>

<i>Lëi chinh tá, lgi clang tit, lei kit noi cciu dä giam thin. </i>

2.4. Met s6 kg thuat khie

Co met s ky thuat DGTX khac dugc GV sir dung, lien quan den ca 3 them phucmg
phap: quan sat, vAn dap, viet.

<i>Phlin &it va phan hi </i>

Phan tich va phan hei la met ky thuat dtrgc thing ph e hien trong DGTX. Phan tich ket qua
&me thgc hien truck, phan hei dugc thgc hien tren ca sà phan tich. Vic phan tich ket qui
duge dtra tr6n chuAn kin thirc kg nang hoc chuAn nang ltrc, nghia la phan tich ket qua theo
cac chi bao va mire d'e thtm hie'n ala mtii chi bac, trong chuAn de* lam can cu cho phan Mi.
Vic phan hei phai mang tinh tiah cgc, nghia la tusk lien cAn chi ra nhtmg dieu ITS da hoan
thanh Mt hoc da hoan thanh, tiep do chi ra nhang dieu HS chua hoan thanh, sau cimg dim ra

khuyen nghi de HS biet each nang cao ket qua 6 tniii chi bao.

<i>Vi dy: Phep cang & mon Tocin lap I. </i>

<i>CY lop I khi HS thgc hien the phep tinh c 'Ong (khong nh6) cac c6 hai chit se, GV quan </i>
<i>sat thdy HS mac dit kit qua thgc hien phip tinh dung nhung HS do luan thgc hien phep tinh tit </i>
<i>trcii qua phcii, ging hang chyc Indic rai mei cong hang clan v. Khi do, GV hdi HS neu ccich </i>
<i>tinh va hztong den HS say Mi, GV ghi lgi di theo cl5i va co bin phcip he try HS. </i>

<i>Thyv hanh, nghiem, thgv hien nhiem vu thuc din </i>

ITS tien hanh thgc hanh, thi nghiem va viet bao cao v ket qua thtm hanh, thi nghiem, hoc
thtm hien met nhiem vu thgc tin. K thuat nay thugng sir dung phei hgp ca quan sat, vAn dap,
viet.

<i>dy: Bid tap clanh giá nag 4cc thgc hien nhiem vy. </i>

<i>Cang nghien ciru hai cay trang sau (xem tranh hoc quan sat awe ti). </i>

Cay nao khoe math va cay nao bj benh (sir dung nhirng tiou chi quan sat nao...)?
Giai thich re vi sao ban ket luan' met cay bi benh, men cay khoe math?

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<i>Nhan xit: </i>

NhiEm vii nay bat ngugn tü mgt van de thyc tá trong cugc sang.

Nhi vy nay 401 h6i HS pita so sanh tilting dc diEnt caa hai cay, dang thai you cu
cac em giai thich va dim ra giii phap.

Nhigm vii nay danh gia 'fang lye van dung kien thIrc 6 mac dg cao: tu duy phan tich,

sang tao va nang lye giai quyet van de.

<i><b>c) Dinh hsrang hpc feep </b></i>

Dinh huOng hoc tap la ky thuat kat ni kien that mei yeti van kian thirc (la Net caa h9c
sink no có Mc dung rat Mt trong h8 try HS h9c tap. Ky thuat nay thuang dirge dung vao lüc
HS chuan bi h9c mgt hen that, Icy nang, gia tri mai hay mgt thanh phan cüa nang lye nao 46
teen nen nhang dieu da hoe tnree 46. IChi &mg

kg thuat nay, GV can neu ra nking chi bao vá

tiau chi can cho viec h9c kin that, kg na'ng, gia tri moi hoc thanh phan cUa nang lyc nham
dinh htrang cho HS quan tam chit 5, den nhang chi bao va lieu chi nay de h9c cái med.

<i>Vi du: Trtroc khi hvc vE cau ghep, GV cdn dung mOt bang kiem d clanh gia nhang hau </i>
<i>bat cita HS vE cart Si chung, v cau don va de doan v cau ghep. </i>

<i>„. </i>

<i>_ ,... </i> <i>Dung Sal . </i>

<i>Cdu dung de neu mOt sv viec </i>
<i>Cats dung dE neu nhieu sv vac </i>
<i>Ulu cdn có chit ngfr va vi nee </i>

<i>Cau neu mOt sit viec can có I cap chit ngie" va vi ngii </i>
<i>Cau neu nhau sv vac </i>

<i>Op chzi nee va vi ngir </i>

<i>có lien quan yen nhau cdn có nhi'Eu </i>

<i><b>d) The:/phiiu luem tra </b></i>

<i><b>MOt hoat dgng tucrng dai d keo dai trong 3-5 phut nham kiem tra kien tithe dm ngugi </b></i>
hoc tru6c, trong va sau mOt bai h9c hoe mOt bugi h9c. HS duce you tra 16i 3 cau 116i do GV
dua ra.

Vi dy khi kat thoc bai hgc/ gier day GV you au HS tra 16i 3 cau hai ngan sau:
DiEu gi trong bai h9c hay giô h9c nay lam em thich that?

Ch8 nao, phan nao hoc dieu gi trong bai h9c hay gio h9c nay lam em kho hiEu ? can
co giai thich lai?

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(3) Dieu gi em ac bit quan tam hay mong muen dirge bit, nhung thy/co trong bai h9c
nay chua de cap den?

HS dirge GV yen eau viat nhanh eau tra lei vao the hay phieu kiern tra. GV c6 the doe
nhanh cac eau tra lei se biet dirge nhiau thong tin... rat be ich va lap Ice hoach cho viec diau
chinh hoat dOng giang day dap Crng thu

_au

_HS.

<i><b>d) Xti lj tinh hating </b></i>

DGTX doi hoi GV phai biet xii 15, tinh huOng. Tinh huOng trong hgc tap, giao due thueng
hat sire da clang, do vay khi sir dung tinh hueng GV da HS tg do dua ra cáeh giai quyet da biat
cac em c6 lcha nang gi? Hoc din ra yen

_{au, ggi}

_{cac tieu chi danh gia dE gith han pham vi..}

VD: Tinh Inning - Bac em sting 6 viing trung du Bac BO, c6 dtr dinh kinh doanh bang
each tong met so,loai cay. Em se tu van cho bac trorm riffling loai cay gi a yen do? Li giai
tai sao em lai Pr van nhu vay.

CO the chilli gia viec tra lei theo cac mire dO :

KhOng dua ra dugc phucmg an hoac dua ra phuana an nhung }thong
thich hgp.

<i><b>Din ra duce phuang an thich hgp nhung khong giai thich duct. </b></i>
<i><b>Dtra ra dirge phuang an thich hgp va giai thich dirge </b></i>

<i><b>e) Trb choi </b></i>

<i><b>Tde dyng c fia trb choi </b></i>

Cdc phuang phap, ki thuat de DGTX tren lop hoc hat sire da dang, thy nhien sir dung
chting tha nao dE thu thap dirge day dü cac thong tin, khong tao ap lye len HS, phit hgp vCri
dc diem tam ber lira Wei HS tiau h9c la dieu khong d dang.

<i><b>Theo cac chuyen gia met se each thirc DGTX can dirge </b></i>

t6

chile duei clang cae tro chai...
se a dang thu thop (lucre cac thong tin that sur khach quan. Vi dg cac tro chai: 3 dieu gia tri,
xin ding, n6i lei cam an, tree ma cüa em,... nhan din nguari ban thgc sir.

<i><b>Tio chase ire chei </b></i>

Dug' day la met vi du cia the sir dung trO chai tao firth huOng de HS bee 10 va sir dung
each danh gia da chiau doti yeti mi HS.

Ban hay the hien tro chai "Nhan din ngtrei ban thgc sg" sau day trong cfic hog &Ong
cau lac beinhom ban hay tap the' lop (chia thanh ahem nh6).

<i>Cach chai: AI& nh6m gam 5— 7 HS, mgi HS co 5— 6 phut suy nghi sau do viit that nhanh </i>

<i><b>nhfing cam nhan ve sv khcic nhau gifia ngual bon binh thwerng va ngued bon thyt sv... rai dem </b></i>
<i>tat cá nhfing cau del vilt ra len bang/ter giciy AO treo tren tur'yng der cac bon trong nhem cling </i>

<i>doc. </i>

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<span class='text_page_counter'>(17)</span><div class='page_container' data-page=17>

khong thich danh (tau Ket thitc cuOc choi, ai c6 nhieu du + nhat se chien thAng va nhan
thuerng hoac di dien cho nhom thuyet trinh trugc lop. Nhang sin phArn, bai thuyet trinh cUa
HS dugc din xung quanh 16p hoc hoc noi c6 nhiEu HS qua lai (thu vien, lei vao lop...).

Cac phucmg phap quan sat, van dap va phtrong phap viet vgi cac nhom ki thuat ct the tucmg
thich cho nhcing bei earth danh gia gAn veri thgc teen, se be sung cho nhau trong danh gia lop
h9c. Mai loai thong tin dEu can thiet de thgc hien danh gia day dii va nghia trong lop hoc. Vi
the, viec GV nam yang tat ca cac phtrong phap, kr thuat DGTX d thu thap day dit thong tin
ve timg HS tren co ser do lam cac quyet dinh la rat quan tong.

III. Htrfrng dAn that hanh danh gia thuirng xuyen
3.1. Lap ke hoach danh gia thtrerng xuyen

DGTX din ra trong qua trinh HS h9c met bai hoc, met chuang hoc men chit de, met hoc
1(9, met nam hoc. Do gall chat cga hoat dOng DG din ra trong met thai gian Prong dei dai
nen GV can lap ka hooch cho hoat tang nay. Tren co so( nhirng hieu biet ve chuan kien thirc
va ky nang hoc chuan nang Igc (bao gam cac chi bao va tieu chi, cac mire de hoan thanh chi
bao va tieu chi), ve cac phtrang phap DO va kg, thuat DG, GV can lap ka hooch anti gia cho
chn dE h9c tap cita met mon hoc de co the chit dOng thgc hien hoat dOng nay trong suet
he k9 hoc nam hoc.

3.2. Thge hien danh gia thtrerng xuyen teen lerp

<i>3.2.L Chpn Idea viz phi! hp cdc plurang pháp<b>, </b>_{ki 11E41 khdc nhau trong cidnh gid thweeng}</i>

<i>xuyin </i>

Khi h9c tap da biet cach sir dung cac phuang phap, kg thuat, ding cu &mg de DOTX thi

can tach bit timg phucmg phap, kyr thuat, &Ong cu. Tuy nitien Ichi van dung nhgng phuang phap
va kg thuat danh gia can va nen phei hop met se kg thuat, cling cu trong viec c/anh gia & m8i bai
hoc, mai chit de h9c tap. Mai kg _{thuat c6 the manh va phat huy Mc dung tat trong viec danh gia}
met se chg de, nOi dung hoc tap nio do, nhtmg chtra chAc da phi! hop ved nhcmg chit de, nei
dung Ichic.

Cac phuang phap quan sat, van dap va viet be sung cho nhau trong qua trinh DGTX ten 16p
h9c va ngoai lop hoc. Hay tuerng tugng lc/1i phai ra guy& dirth trong lerp hoc ma GV kheing the
quan sat ye mat, phan Ong, sr the hien ki nang hoc tap mein hoc cita HS, khong the (tat cau hoi
hoc khOng thu thap dugc cac thong tin phan hei Ma HS trong 16p h9c tir phucmg phap viet...
thi se nhu the nao. Mi logi thong tin thu dugc tir cac phtrang phap, ki thuat danh gia khac nhau,
deu can thiet dE dux hien danh gia day dii va net/a timg HS trong lerp hoc.

Mai phuang phap c6 nhimg k9 thuat khac nhau, m6i ki thuat lai c6 inning cling ea ;chic
nhau, met Gong cu (phieu (lath gie co the sir dung vai ki thuat. Vi the, viec GV can Warn wing
tat ca cac phucnig phap, ki thuat thu thap thong tin thugng xuyen la rat quan tr9ng. Deng then
can nhic, ch9n Iva, phei hgp Mc ki thuot cho pita hop vgi tripe dich, mgc tieu danh gia va dEl
ttrgng danh gia

<i>Lam thi nao dl Iva chon dupv phuang phcip danh gia phis hop? </i>

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<span class='text_page_counter'>(18)</span><div class='page_container' data-page=18>

<i>- ThU nhat: Kin thac khoa hoc va nhang Id nang ?than tithe. Loai nay gam nhcmg nai </i>

dung hoc va quy the, quy trinh, khai niem, doc hiOu van ban...

<i>- Thai hai: Ky rang twat clang. Loai nay gam nhang Icy nang: dog (doc thanh tiEng, doe </i>

din cam), viEt, nói, nghe, lam tinh, giai toan, phan loai dai tucmg, lam thi nghiem, tao ra san
phAm, giai guy& vAn

<i>- Thu. ba: Thai </i>

a,

gia tri, niam tin. Loai nay gain nhang nai dung: nhan that ye thai da,
gia tri, niEm tin; the hien thai da, gia tri, niam tin qua hanh vi...

Phuang phap Vik, VAn dap !that huy tac dung tat vai viec anti gia loai nai dung dui nhAt.
Phuang phap Quan sat, Via, VAn dap pit huy Mc dung Mt vOl vie danh gia loai nai
dung thir hai.

Phtrang phap Quan sat, Via phat huy tic clung Mt vei viec danh gia loai nai dung the' ba.

<i>Lam thi nao dl hca chpn &rpm kfr thuat, cong cy pith hop? va phai hop th dyng ccic kj thuat, </i>
<i>cong cy mat cach hieu qua? </i>

Tay thuac vao nai dung, chit dE hoc tap, thy thuac vao phuong phap danh gia dA digit,
GV c6 thE phti hop mat sa ky thuat DGTX dá danh gia trong qua trinh HS hoc mat bai hoc
hoac hoc mat chit

a

hoc tap.

<i>Vi du DGTX man Lich sir va Dia IY bAng ki thuat: Quan sat, mi dyng phi& donh gia theo </i>

<i>tiêu chi </i>

T
T

Tien - chi Han thinh Mt Holn thanh Chin honn thanh
1 Chii de - Xac dinh chit da pith hop

v6i y8u cau va dung tong
tam.

- Mc dinh chii

a

pith

hop veri you cau.

- Mc dinh chit dO
chua pith hop yen you
eau.

2 Ni
dung

- TAt ca nai dung du ding
tin cy va phong pith.

- Hitt het nal dung ding
tin Gay va phong phii.

- Nal dung khong
ding tin Gay, chua
phong pith.

3 Hinh
thiic
trinh bay

- Trinh bay do nei dung
chinh inOt each logic, sang
tao, sinh gong voi cac chi
tia minh hoa

- Trinh bay duce hall
het cac nei dung chinh

tuang di logic.

- Chi trinh bay duct
mOt 86 nOi dung chinh
nhung chua logic.
4 Thuyet

trinh

- Cach thuyEt trinh

a hie,

An thong, cuan hilt ngtrai
nghe; dam bao died gian quy
dinh.

-

Cach thuyat trinh

a

hiL, chua An thong;
dam bao theri gian quy
dinh.

-

Cach thuyet trinh
kilo hieu, Ichang darn
bao thin gian quy
dinh.

Co tha danh gia kien thirc va tir loai 0 mon Ting Via 16p 4 bang phucmg phap vAn dap va
phucmg phap viat vai viec sir dung cac ky thuat dat cau hoi, HS danh gia In nhau, phan tich
va phan hi thong qua cac cong cu cau hoi mb, cau hoi tic nghiem kith quan, li nhan )(et.
<i>3.2.2. 1101 a cdch that cot bd n chrot Huron sfr dyng trong ddnh gid thuirng xuyin </i>

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<span class='text_page_counter'>(19)</span><div class='page_container' data-page=19>

lugng hoc tap, ren luyen dm HS. Thy thuec vao mvc dich / mac tieu, di tugng, GV Iva

chgn, phei hgp nhcmg each thirc danh gia khfic nhau cho pha hgp.

Dueni day la cac each tithe DGTX nham cung cap cho GV va HS nhang thong tin can thiet

a

nang cao chat lugng giang day va cai thin ket qua bec tap, dugc

a

cap nhieu nhat trong
cac tai Iiu viet ve danh gia gido dvc.

<i>* GV &itch gici </i>

— Cach thac GV tim hieu nhu eau, Wang lye eita HS: sir dung phieu h6i, bang !dam, thang
do, phieu danh gia tieu chi, tra loi nhanh nhiing eau hei mer, cac tra chai 3 dieu... xin dirng
hoac viet ra nhang gi em dang suy nghV lo lang...;

Cach thirc GV khich l dinh huOng h9c tap: suy ngarn, tkr danh gia, tra led cfic cau heti
nth;...

Cach thirc GV giam sat sv tien be: dtr gia, he so hoc tap, ke hoach he tap, s6 theo del
h9c tap/ se ghi chop thtrerng nhat;

Cach tithe kiem tra danh gia str hieu biet, ky nang thvc hanh: ghi chep ngan, the kiem
Ira, phieu h6i, phieu quart sat, pheng vAn, ha so h9c tap.,

<i>* HS tts cfrinh gid </i>

Tv danh gia la qua trinh HS danh gia hoat Ong va ket qua dat dtrgc ena ban than. Tv danh
gia IA met chien lugc hge tap ca ban, HS can dugc huang clan de c6 the sir clang hieu qua
chien lucre nay nham tr phan hei dei vai tAt ca cac finh vvc hoc tap. HS khong chi tv danh gia
ma con c6 the dugc tham gia vao qua trinh xac dinh cac tieu chi danh gia the nao la met thanh
qua Mt. Tv danh gia e6 mai lien he chat che yeti met trong nhang mac tieu chinh eita gido dye:

<i>hoc kip theo cifnh hisong czia ban than. </i>

<i>1.1u diem va han che cUa tv (lath gia: Tv danh gia gthp HS nhan tithe sau sac han ve </i>

nliling gi mirth da hoe, da lien be va nhiing gi cart e6 gang, HS biet chiu traeh nhiem trithe ket
qua h9c tap dm mirth, tv tin han ve rutting gi cfic em c6 the lam dugc, ren luyen dugc each tv
hge cho HS.

<i>* HS &ink gici Ian nhau </i>

HS tham gia vao viec danh gia san pham, c6ng viec cüa nhiing HS eimg heoc khaq. HS
phai dugc htrang clan de nam If) nhtmg nei dung dv kien se danh gia trong san pham, c8ng
viec Gila ban h9c. Day chinh IA qua trinh timg HS trong lop lice ding tham gia met hoat
d'eng/chuang trinh he tap danh gia lan nhau.

HS co the sir dung cac bang kiem, phieu htrang dan danh gia theo tieu chi hoc Ira lei
bang phieu danh gia Mi veld san phi= dm met ban khae. Sr ket hgp gifia tr (Lath gia va danh
gia ngued khae (a do c6 sv ket hgp gitra GV va cac ban h9c cling tham gia danh gia...). Day la
sq

ai

thoai gala ngtred he va GV... niumg str danh gia cuoi cling van la cita GV.

HS quan sat cac ban trong qua trinh h9c tap, vi vay, thong tin ma cac em c6 ve hoat deng
eUa nhau mang tinh chi tiet, c9 the hcm IA thong tin they/ co thu dugc. Dinh gia Ian nhau
khong tap trung vao danh gia teng Ice;t cu.& ki ma nham mvc dich h trg HS trong sulk qua

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trinh hoe tap dm cac em. Dieu nay c6 nghia la HS se danh gia iAn nhau dtra tren cac tieu chi
a dirge dinh tn.r6c. Cac lieu chi nay se do GV tr xac dinh hoc do thay va tro ding theng
nhat xac dinh vã phai thue hien bang Miring nem tir cv the, phi' hap yeti kha nang nhan thirc
dm HS.

Trong nhieu trueng hap, •GV cAn cung cap cho HS tieu chi, cdc mire do hoan thinh tieu

chi duai dang nhilng cAu hoi ggi 37 de HS danh gia ban.

<i>Vi dy : Muan HS danh gia bai dpc thanh ding caa bgn, GV c6 thi hai : </i>
<i>Em c6 nghe ra ban dc khong? (tieu chi ve am hen) </i>

<i>- Em thy bgn dpc chua clang nhieng tit nao? (tie'u chive'. dpc thing) </i>

<i>Bgn da' ngat hai 6 cau dai cluing ta vim luyen dc chwa? (tieu chi vJ dc Iron) </i>
<i>- Bgn dpc vita hay ch4m? (lieu chi ve' tac c15) </i>

<i>cliim viz hgn chi cita dcinh gia Ian nhau: Qua danh gia hoat dOng, san pham hoc tap </i>

cila ban, HS ce, the hoc h6i nhang diem hay hoac nit kinh nghiem tir nhilng chua t& cila ban;
hinh thanh kha nang ttx chiu trach nhiem yen nhimg nhan xet, danh gia cüa minh ve ban hoc;
thong qua viec danh gia ban h9c, HS hinh thanh to rang hon trong ban than minh cac you cAu
ve h9c tap, ye. cach img xir vâi ngtrai khac, tir do, dieu chinh hay phat trien hanh vi, thai dO
dm ban than. Tuy nhien danh gia Ian nhau phi thuOc rAt nhieu vao cam tinh dm HS; kh6 thu
thap duce thong tin ve flitting HS 'that nhat, it dugc ban chit

<b>IV. Sir dyng kEt qua danh gia tinning xuyen </b>

<i>4.1. Sir dung kit gud donh gid thutg xuyen öI die,, chinh hog d'Ong dgy viz hgc </i>

Mtic dich cila DGTX tap trung chñ yeti cung cAp th8ng tin phan hei cho HS, GV va de he
trg phat trien hog dOng h9c tap cita HS. Dc bit kat qua DGTX can dtrgc cung cAp kip alai
de HS c6 dia thong tin va nhanh ch6ng dieu chinh via h9c cüa minh nham cai thin ket qua
trong thai gian tiEp theo dung yeti yen cAu ctia chtrong trinh.

Nhung ket qua DGTX ala mei HS trong lap la nhang thong tin quan tong giüp GV phan
tich diem manh, diem yeu trong mei On dung hoac chü d'e hoc tap. Tren co ser do, GV tim ra

nhtmg each thirc dieu chinh nOi dung hoc tap hoc phuong phap day h9c cho phà hop lion vai
HS nham dat dugc yen cAu cüa chucmg trinh.

Kin phan loai HS vao cu8i m6i Want hoc, GV kh8ng chi can cu vao lc& qua kiem tra cuOi
nam h9c ma can can cu vao ca ket qua DGTX mm HS trong ca qua truth hoc de dua ra quyet
dinh, dc bit la nhtmg guy& dinh quan trong nhu: cho HS co hOi lam lai bai kitin tra cuai
nam n6u nhu HS c6 ket qua kiern tra cu6i nam thap mOt each la thuirng (VD: dat 5-6 diem)
trong khi ket qua DGTX eila HS d6 lai thirang ô mire hoan thanh Mt nhiem vu hoc tap.

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4.2. Thong bao ket qua dinh gia throng xuyafi cho hoc sinh, cha mg h9c sinh

Vic DGTX din ra chit yeti tren lap hoc. Do do kat qua cfm viec DGTX thuemg dugc
GV thong M.° tivc tiep cho HS tai lac din ra hoat dOng danh gia. Chinh vi tinh chat tryc tip
va tai ch6 nay da lam cho viec thong bao kat qua DGTX cüa GV der gay ra nhang van da nhay
cam voi HS. Da tranh dieu nay, GV can cep that dO tich circ, xay dung trong viec thong bao kat
qua danh gia cho HS. Viec GV can lam

a

luein khang dinh nhting phan k& qua tich cite HS da
hoan thanh hoac hoan thanh Mt true.; nhitng dieu HS chua hoan thanh GV kh8ng nen thong
bao duai clang lei che, hoac phü nhan sy ca gang ma nen noi rang em da c6 sy c6 gang, nhung
co dc biet mong muan nhin thay nhang n6 lyc han da HS tv than ra gia tri cUa minh
Nth tap trung vao phan viec mirth chua hoan thanh. Quan tr9ng han, GV can dim ra nhitng lei
gep Y, hueng clan

a

HS bit each lam tat ban nhang diau HS chua lam dugc. Vei nhting HS
van chua dat, chua hoan thanh, GV can c6 them lei khang dinh em da c6 lien b0, nhtmg van
can di gang them theo cach nay each kia de kat qua Mt han.

phan hai kat qua DGTX phat huy hieu qua tich etre, GV nen:

Tap trung phan hi nhiing diam math, trao (I& thong nit& vai HS/pha huynh nhimg
hien phap ea that dE duy tri, phat huy diam math dm m8i HS.

<i>Trao dai/phan h6i ve mOt s dim kin ch cjn khErc phyc ngay, va thong nit& cac bin </i>

phap ca the da khac phac han the. GV cart phan. hai mOt each kh6e leo de khOng lam
Mn thuang phial huynh.

Trao d& th8ng nhat cach phoi hop (dinh va dot xuat), giam sat str ti'an ho dm HS
veri ph a huynh.

Ket qua DGTX m6i HS tv mOt mon hoc nao do co bian dOng b& thueng (an ho nhanh,
hoc sat giant) c6 tha se" dugc GV thong bao yeti cha mg HS ngay sau butii hoc hoc tuan hoc,
da cha mg kip thed ph& hop vei GV dOng vien, khuyen khich con trong hoc tap hoc tao diEu
kien han, ha trg con nhiau han trong hoc tap. Trong nhang Mn h9p pha huynh dau nam hoc,
cuai h9c I va cutii nam h9c, ben canh viec thong bao cho timg phy huynh biat kat qua h9c
tap dm con em qua bai kiam tra dinh ki, GV c6 tha thong bao kat qua DGTX dm HS trong
nlifing twang hap sau:

Pha huynh dm HS co yeti eau nhan xet va qua trinh hoc tap dm con.

Nhang HS chua dat chuan can co str phai hop giao dc gicra GV va ph y huynh.
Nhihig HS hoan thanh t& nhiem va h9c tap / co nhung flan ho clOt xuat.

Khi pha huynh c6 you au than xet va viec hoc tap, ren luyen cüa h9c sinh, GV cO the
cung cap nhitng bang chung thu thap dugc qua quan sat, qua van dap va qua bai viat trong qua
trinh DGTX de giai thich kat qua hoc tap, ren luyen ciia HS da neu trong danh gia dinh kY,
<i>d6ng then da pha huynh Net dirge mat math, mat yau cila con ma tiep We M try, tong vien </i>
con trong thei gian ti'ap theo.

Voi nhtmg HS con gap nhiau kh6 khan trong hoc tap, ren luyen, GV can thiat phai
thong bao kat qua DGTX dm HS da thong chi giai thich kat qua hoc tap, ren luyen ciaa HS
qua bai danh gia dinh ky ma con da trao d6i yeti GV nhang diam con em h9 con yau, nhitng
viec ho can lam da h6 try con em.

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<span class='text_page_counter'>(23)</span><div class='page_container' data-page=23>

<b>PHIJ LVC </b>

<b>GIth THItU MOT SO LOAI THANG DO CO THE SIT DUNG </b>

<b>TRONG DANH GIA THVONG XUYEN </b>

<i>Thang do c6 nhiL logi, nhung nhin chung c6 mat sd logi thang do sau day: </i>

<i>— Thang Jo dung a: Day la mOt trong nhang loai thang do don Wan nhAt. Ngtrai sir </i>

dung danh du hoac khoanh vao mOt con se chi mot dO bieu hi'en cita mOt phAm chat & HS.
Thong thuerng, m8i con s6 chi mirc dO dugc mô tã bang lai va str mo la nay thtng nhAt & tk
ca cac cau trong thang do. Doi khi ngtroi sir dung thang do chi dugc chi can rang con st Ion
that la chi mix dO cao nhAt, con se nho nit& la chi mire dO thap nhat, nhilng st& gitra la chi
cac gia tri trung binh.

Thang do clang s6 dtrgc sir dung khi nh&ng dac diem, pliant chat dua ra có the dugc phan
loai thanh mOt st lugng nhAt dinh cac mire do (tä 3 —5 mire do) va có str thtng !that ye gia tri
ma mti con st dai din.

Vi du ve thang do dung st:

Huang &An: Hay chi ra mirc do ma HS tham gia vao buM thao luan chung eUa lop bang
each khoanh ton vao nhang con st tuang (mg. Trong do 1 = khong tich eve; 2 = it tich eve;
3= Mc tich etre, lac clam (trung binh); 4 = ca ban tich cvc; 5 = r6t tich eve

HS tham gia thao Wan 0 mUc dO nao?

'Chong dell eve 1 2 3 4 5 Rat tich eve
Thang do cac rang lye, pham chat (xem chi fiat 0 phi lye)

<i>Hay khoanh troll vac) mijt se thich hop bleu tin dung nhAt hanh vi cua HS. Chi chon I trong 3 nniv </i>

<i>(I = Ham khi, khong thing- 2 = Thi thocing, dot khi oiling; 3 = Thuring xuyen, thuttng xuyen dung) </i>

STT Cac chi bao hanh vi (bieu hi4 cy thA) .2 <i>A </i>

dirge quan sat iis tirng Hang hp, pham chat

Mat cl(1

1 2 3

Nang hp

<i>I </i> <i>Ty • phyc va, IF quiin </i>

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3. HS <i> cif) gap nhang vAn d sau day a mac do nao? </i>

STT Biau hien 19iong/

rat hiom

Thinh
thoang

Thuong
:xp)?en

RAt
thui:mg

xuven

1 Lanh lung, it EMI, giao tiep kern ttr tin

2 Thy dOng, khong tv tin khi thtm hien nhiem vy hoc tap
3 Hay gay gli holac pha r6i, treu ch9c ck ban

4 Nhut nhat, kh8ng than veri ban nao trong lop
5 Lam gi sal hay d6 16i cho ngtreri khk

6 Debi kich dOng, kb() kiem sok xtic cam tieu clic

<i>Thang do clang da thi: Thang do dang (16 thi mo ta the mire do bieu hien dm hanh vi </i>

theo mOt true throng thing. Ngtrei quan sat danh din vao doan thing do. MOt h thOng cac
mire do duce xac dinh 6 flitting vi tri nhAt dinh tren dean thing nhung ngtroi danh gia van co
the danh dAu vao diem giita cac mire do tren doan thing.

Vi du:

1. HS tham gia vao cac hog dOng chung cña lap the nao?

Rat thy dOng thy demg Binh thtrerng Kha chit tong Rat chit dung

Can luu Y rang nhang mo ta the mire do tren thang do clang dO till co the giOng nhau 6 tAt
ea the cau hoi nhtmg ding c6 the m8i cau hei c6 mOt each mo tá mire do khac nhau.

MO tá mire dO theo dang du6ng thang co the danh din vao khoang giita ala flitting mire do
danh gia giñp cho viec danh gia chinh xae hon.

<i>Dcinh gici bang thang do can tuein theo nhang yeu caul nguy'en tac sau: </i>

Nhiing tieu chi dm thang do cAn phai la nhang nOi dung giang day va giao due quan
tong.

— Nhitng mo tá trong thang do phai la nhting bang chirng co the true flap quan sat duce.
Cat mire dO va mo tã mire do tha thang do phai dirge dinh nghia ro rang.

—Nen din ra tir 3 den 5 mire do trong thang do.

Nen cho phep ngtroi sir dung thang do bo qua nhang cau ma ho cam thAy !thong c6 du
bang chung de danh gia.

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<i>d) Bang tham chieu awful chink gid mon hpe (theo churl?? kien 'h&c ỗ nang ho0c chuein </i>
<i>ruing lyt) </i>

<i>Vi dp: Bang tham chi‘u chuan clanh gia mon toan girth hcc ki I (Lop I) </i>

Theo dei qua DGTX cac Weil hien hanh vi dm HS, dkra tren chuen kien thirc, Id Mang ve men
<i>Toan, den giera hpc ki I, GV lugng hod thanh ba mire: </i>

1 = Chun hoan thanh (CHT): HS chua thgc hien dirge yeu eau thy (chi bac hanh vi).
2 = Hoan thanh (HT): HS ca ban thkrc hien ducrc yeu cau nay (chi bao hanh vi).
3 = Hoan thanh t6t (HI!'): HS thpc hien thanh thgo yeu eau nay (chi bao hanh vi).
MA

tham
chieu

Tien chi Ira chi bao hinh vi (bleu hien cu the)

Mik 0
CHT

(1)
HT
(2)

HIT
(3)
1.1.1 <i>Bit vit hieu dupe Sr nglcia dm cae se tkr nhien cho den 10 </i>

1.1.1.1 Si& dem, doc, viet the s6 den 10

1.1.1.2 Nhan biet set lupng eila met nh6m dai ttrgng (khong qua 10 phan tir)
1.1.1.3 Biet so sanh the se trong phgm vi 10

1.1.2 Thpc hien dirge phep °Ong trong pham vi 5

1.1.2.1 Sir dung dirge cac me hinh, hinh ye, thao tac de minh hog, nhan biat dirk
Sr nghia cila phep Ong trong pham vi 5

1.1.2.2 Thuoc bang Ong trong pham vi 5 va biet Ong nhem dirk trong pham vi 5
1.1.2.3 BSc du nhan Wet dirk vai tro dm s0 0 trong phep Ong (trong phgm vi 5)
1.1.3 Tlarc hien dirgc met se thao the v6i hinh vuong, hinh trOn, hinh tam giac
1.1.3.1 Burk deu than Ink MA \Jilting VA nhan ra dirge hinh vuong tit cac vat that
1.1.3.2 Budre d'au nhan biet hlnh trim va nhan ra dirge hinh trim tir cac vat that
1.1.3.3 Birk du nhan biet hinh tam gift va nhan ra hinh tam glen tir cac vat that

Ket qua danh gia (lugng hod dkra men 3 tieu chi vei 9 chi bac)
..

i" Xep mire Chua bean thanh '. , 'Hoan thanh , ' Hoan thanh tat

S6 chi bdo
Dot mire

<i>d) Bang kiam </i>

Bang kiem c6 hinh thire va sir dung On gigng nhu thang do. Tuy nhiOn, thang do doi h6i
ngueri (lath gia chi ra mire de bieu hien dm met pham chgt hoe mire de thmang xuyan cira
mOt hanh vi, eon bang kiem chi you cAtt ngtrai danh gia tra 16i cau hei don gian: co / khong
hose &mg 51/Ichong 46ng _{D6 la phuang phap ghi lai xem mOt pham chat co bleu Men hay}
khong hoSc met hanh vi c6 dtryc time hien hay kitting.

Bang kiim thtrang duce sir dung ichi qua trinh dánh gia dip Von quan sat nhiau hcrn là eac
hinh Mire kiem tra vitt va kiem tra mieng. Bang kiem ciing c6 ich trong viee danh gia nhimg

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ki nang thgc hanh, nett rio dugc chia ra thanh nhang hanh dOng cg the.

<i>Vi 4: Bang kiim dinh gici qua trinh thorn gia mat nhiem vy hoc tap </i>

<i>Hiding </i> <i>_{Trong khodng trang phia &troy mei cau, hay danh tau + nlu hanh dang Oat}</i>
<i>yeti cdu hoOc drink driu— niu hanh clang khong dat yeu cdu. </i>

<i>0 1. Thao luan voi cac thanh vien di thong nh at ltra chon cha di, myc tieu • </i>
<i>Lang nghe, di hilt' ri5 myc fiat', nhiem vy &rot phan cong. </i>

<i>Lap kA hogch ca nhan oh thtec hien nhiem vy &tor phan cong. </i>

<i>Ttr danh gici kit qua thtrc hien nhiem vy so vai myc tieu. </i>
<i>Rao ccio kit qua, chia se kinh nghiem, hoan thien &sin phci m. </i>

Trong danh gia thgc hanh, thi nghiem... bang kiem c6 the dugc thiet kt theo cic buck
sau:

Xac dinh timg hinh vi cv the trong hoat Ong dux hanh.

CO the them vao nhimg hanh vi lam sai nett no c6 ich cho viec danh gia.
Sap xap cac hanh vi theo dung thir tu din ra.

Huang dAn each danh dAu d nhan bitt khi hanh vi do xuAlt hien (hoe danh se thir tg cac
hanh vi theo trinh ttr thgc hien).

Ngoai viec danh giá nhang Id nang thge hanh, bang kiem can dugc sir dung de danh gia
san pham. Trong twang hgp dart gia san phArn, bang kiem thuang bao gem met day flitting
dc diem ma met sin pham hoan thin can c6. GV danh gia bang each kiem xem timg dac
diem dua ra trong thang do co a sin phim dm HS hay khong.

Trong linh vvc phat trien nhang km nang xa hei, bang kiem co the la met Gong cv thuan
tien de ghi lai thing bang chirng vesij tien be cila HS trong met mgc tieu h9c tap nhat dinh.
Thong thuang, bang kiem se liet ke ra nhimg hanh vi dien hinh cho num tieu an danh gia va
GV quan sat xem nhang hanh vi do c6 hay kh8ng.

Vi Dinh gia died quen lam viec, GV c6 the liet ke ra nheing hanh vi sau (yeti au tra 1M
Co hoc Kh8ng):

CO Kitting

Ton tong 9 kiEn ngtrai khac. LI 0

Yea cAn dugc giap do. khi can thiet. <i>_fl</i>

Hap tac vói cac ban.

Dung chung dung cu bac tap voi cac ban. ₀ ₀

Hoan thanh nhiem vg dugc giao... _LI ₀

KEt luan:

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<span class='text_page_counter'>(27)</span><div class='page_container' data-page=27>

<i>e) Phi& ddnh gid theo lieu chi </i>

<i>- Dcinh gid theo Welt chi: la met ki thuat clanh gia the hien cac yeu cau vE chat lugng. </i>

Phieu huerng dan anti gia theo tieu chi giiip ngtrai h9c ty dinh huang va ty dinh gia cling nhu
lam phucmg tien giao tip gitta ngtrei h9c va GV.

Phieu danh gia theo tieu chi la mOt tap hgp cac lieu chi (dugc cy the hoa thanh cac chi bao
hay the bieu hien hanh vi cat the quan sat, do dam dugc) the hien mire dO dat dugc cüa myc
tieu hoc tap va dirge sir clung de danh gia hoc thong bao ye san pham, nang lye thyc hien
hoc qua trinh duty hien nhiem vy cim nguei h9c.

Phiau clanh gia theo tieu chi bao gam mOt hoc nhiEu khia canh nhu nang lye thyc hien
dirge danh gia, cac clinh nghia \MTh* vi cly lam sang to alit-mg yea tE dang dugc darth gia va
<i>met thang diem cho tirng khia canh. Cac khia canh thuang dugc gcsi la lieu chi, thang danh gia </i>
<i>dirge gcsi la may do, dinh nghla dirge goi la thong tin mo </i>

<i>- Cac mzèc dO trong phi& Throng den cifinh gici theo tieu chi: phieu huong dan danh gia </i>

theo tieu chi gam cac mat de cim nang lye thge hien va cac thong tin mo ta Ung yen m'ei mac
de. Sir dung cfic mire dO: VD: 3 mire (1, 2, 3), 4 mat (1, 2, 3, 4) hoc hay 5 mire (1, 2, 3, 4, 5).

<i>Cac mut dO ce, the la: Chwa tich cgec, tich cvc, reit tich </i>

Hoc kieu thang Likert 5 mire do, tuang irng Arai cat diem se tir 1 — 5, trong de diem 1 la
thap nhat, diem 5 la cao nick.

GV co the sir dung Id thuat nay (m6 tã re nOi ham tirng mire dO elm môi tieu chi) de lucmg
hoa nhiing khai niem triru tugng.

GV phai dua ra cat tieu chi, mai lieu chi 141 g6m cac chi bao mo ta the bieu hien hanh vi
de trtrng de cO bang chirng rö rang cho cac clanh gia.

<i>+ Vi du: </i>

Phieti fly dinh gig va danh gia lAn nhau trong hop tic nhom
(khi thyc hien myt nhiem vu hgc tap)

Hy va ten HS. Lap: truang:

1. Hay danh gia sr thing gap cüa em trong nit theo thang diem tir 1 den 5 (5 la cao that)

-5 diem: Co nhang thing g6p rAt quan tong (del voi tAt cá cac phan caa de tai va trong tAt ca the giai
clop thyc hien; to dieu kien h8 try ding viec caa cac ban khac trong nhom ma killing lam thay).
- 4 diem: Co clang gap c6 9 nghTa (dua ra flitting gcri 9 quan tong va glop de cac ban khac met each
co hieu qua; có vai trO tac deng den tAt ca the phan dm de tai).

<i>- 3 diem: CO met s6 dong g6p (dua ra met se ggi 9 hint ich, giüp nhitng ngtrei lchac nghien ciru, giai </i>

quyet vtn de, va thing gop cho viec phat trien cac phan khk nhau ciia de tai).

- 2 diem: Co don gop nho (dua ra it nhat met ggi 9 hitu ich, doi khi &up de nguei khac, tang phi it
thin gian, c6 vai trô nhO trong vik phat then meg hoac hai phan khk nhau cüa de tai).

- 1 diem: Khong ce den gap thyc sy nao (khong dua ra ggi 9 gi, Ichong ginp d ai, khong hoan
thanh viec dirge nhorn giao, rang phi the.' gian).

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Khoanh troll s6 diem cna em: 1 ₂ ₃ ₄ ₅
Li giai ngAn ggn tai sao em lai cho diem ban than nhu vay:

Flay cho diem tirng ban trong nhem:

Ban: _Ban: _Ban:

Ban: _Ban: _Ban:

Ban: _Ban: _Ban:

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<span class='text_page_counter'>(29)</span><div class='page_container' data-page=29>

THANG DO NANG LVC, PHAM CHAT

<i>( GV co the' tham khoto sir dung khi chinh gia HS tie'u hoc) </i>

1-19 va ten FIS• • Tali: • Nam/Nit: Lap: Tnreng:

H9 va ten giao vien: Ngay danh gia:

<i>Huang clan: Dtrai day la nhilng bleu hien hanh vi có the quan sat nth & met h9c sinh (HS). Giao </i>

vien (GV) hay d9c ki titng cau va danh gia xem HS nay thvc hien a <i>may de new? </i>Hay khoanh vio

melt sti thich hop bleu thi dung nhit hanh vi dm HS nay. <i>(Chi chon I trong 3 intiv cle) </i>

<i>I = Hiltn khi, khong thing; 2 = Thi thocing, dot khi clang; 3 = Thiremg xuyen, :Song xuyen thing </i>

A.

Cac

Wang kr, pharn chat

STT <i>Clic chi bao hanh vi (Neu hien ca the) </i>
dirge quan sat as tirng fling Itrc, phim chit

hiltk. de

1 2 3

Nang Itrc

<i>I </i> <i>Tt, phpc vp, ty• putin </i>

<i>1 </i> HS ur cham sac than the, an, mac gm gang soch se 1 2 3

2 HS AT chuin bi clO dung h9c tap cã nhan a tren lap 1 2 3

3 HS tr gik hoan thanh cong viec duqc giao ding hen 1 2 3

4 HS chti dOng khi thuc hien cac nhiem vu h9c tap 1 2 3

5 HS nr sip *thai gian h9c tap, sinh hoot ca nhan, vui chui hqp Ii 1 2 3
6 HS Ur sip xep thai gian IS ck bai tap theo yeu cau cila giao vien ₁ ₂ ₃

<i>II </i> <i>Hpp tdc </i>

7 HS co Id rang giao tiap, sin sang gilip der cdc bon I 2 3

8 HS tich cut tham gia vao cac cOng viec 0 tO/nham I 2 3

9 HS

a

lam quen, de dang ket bon 1 2 3

10 HS brat mai led cam on khi ngtrai khac gitip mirth met dieu gi de ₁ ₂ ₃
11 HS tich cue, tu giac hoan Minh cOng viec duqc nh6m giao dung hen 1 2 3

12 HS ling nghe va

a

dang thoa thuan Niel cac bon trong nh6m 1 2 3

<i>//I </i> <i>Ty hgc vet gitii quyit vtin di </i>

13 HS tu Uwe hien duce cac nhiem vu hoc tap ca than, hoc tap theo nhem I 2 3
14 HS tkr giac, chi) dOng hoan thanh ck bai tap duqc giao dung hen 1 2 3
15 HS ur kiem tra, danh gia kat qua h9c tep de dieu chInh viec h9c 1 2 3
16 HS van dung (lieu da h9c

a

giai guy& cdc v An de trong h9c tap I 2 3

17 DE giai quyet met van de, HS throng có gang den ding 1 2 3

18 HS chi: dOng nghl ra Meng each khac nhau de giai quyet vAn de 1 2 3

Pham chit

<i>IV </i> <i>Chain km chant him </i>

19 HS nr giac tham gia lam cdc cOng viec 0 lop, 0 tnrang 1 2 3

20 HS tich ccrc [hut hien nhtmg cOng viec duqc giao, khong can nhic nhO 1 2 3
21 HS the hien sly chain chi, sin sang gitip di, cac bon trong lap 1 2 3

22 HS c6 stir tAp trung, chit lang nghe trong de gia hoc 1 2 3

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<span class='text_page_counter'>(30)</span><div class='page_container' data-page=30>

<b>S TT </b>

<b>A </b>
<b>Cie chi bao hinh vi (bleu hien cu the) </b>

2 A

<b>dtrot quan sat &tang Tsang km, pham chat </b>

<b>Mire di) </b>

<b>1 </b> <b>2 </b> <b>3 </b>

23 _{HS chi) Ong nen that Mk va tich cat phat bleu y kin trong gier hyc} ₁ ₂ ₃
24 <b>_{HS hoan thdnh cac c6ng viec duo° giao a lop dung hen}</b> ₁ ₂ ₃

<i>V </i> <i>_Tcr tin, troth nhiem </i>

25 <b>_{HS ttr tin trong giao tiep Ong xir veri cac ban trong Itip}</b> <b>₁</b> ₂ ₃
26 HS ch6 &Ong, tu tin trong cac tinh hueng h9c ta‘p va ren luyen ₁ ₂ ₃
27 HS the hien sr us tin trong cac cuoc thao Juan nhom ₁ ₂ ₃
28 HS the hien tinh trach nhiem trong hoat dOng h9c tap, tin luyen ban than ₁ ₂ ₃
29 HS tu el* trkh nhiem, khong d6 16i, san sang nhan 181 khi lam sai ₁ ₂ ₃
30 HS luon duce cac ban trong nhoznilerp tin ttrOng ₁ ₂ ₃

<i>VI </i> <i>Trung thy; ki IWO </i>

31 HS the hien su that tha, ghet su gian di ₁ ₂ ₃
32 HS luon n6i dung ve sr viec, khong n6i sai ve ngueri khac ₁ ₂ ₃
33 HS biet bao ve cna cOng, khong lay nhang gi khong phai cUa mlnh <b>1 </b> 2 3
34 HS ton trong cam kat, gi U lari hira ₁ ₂ ₃
35 HS ton tr9ng nOi quy va that hien nghiem the quy dinh ve h9c tap ₁ ₂ ₃
36 HS tu gide, tap trung cho can nhiem va h9c tap, khong can nhic nhO ₁ ₂ ₃

<i>VII </i> <i>Doen kit, yeu thumig </i>

37 <b>HS the hien su ton tr9ng, nhuimg nhin, gAn ket trong rthem ban </b> ₁ ₂ ₃
38 HS biet each ung xer, khong gay mat doan kit trong tei, 16p ₁ ₂ ₃
39 HS Ichong n6i x'au ban hoac ganh ghat the ban trong lop <b>1 </b> 2 3
40 HS yeu throng, quan tam chain s6c Ong ba, cha mg, anh em <b>₁</b> ₂ ₃
41 HS yeu tali:mg, lerp, biet on thay giao, c8 giao <b>₁</b> ₂ ₃
42 HS yeu thuang ban, san sang Ono des ban ₁ ₂ ₃

<b>B. H9c sinh gap nhOng vAn d sau day 6, mot d9 'Ian? </b>

STT Bleu hien : KhOng/

rat themSang

Thinh :Thufmg
'Xuyen

Rat I
thutng

xuyen
I 14nh king, it !lei, giao tiEp kem ttr tin

2 Thy dOng, khOng tu tin khi that hien nhiem vii h9c tap
3 Hay gay g6 hoac pha rei, thou ch9c can ban

4 Nhtit nhat, kheng than veri ban nal) trong lop
5 Lam gi sai hay c16 181 cho ngtrai khac

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H9c sinh có nhirng digm m@nh/kho kh5n nao?
<i><b>a) Nhikng ditm mgnh (v`i nhgn theft kinting, thai erg) </b></i>

<i><b>6) Nhikng diein hgc sinh ggp kho khan </b></i>

</div>
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<b>THANG DO NANG LVC, PHAM CHAT </b>

<i>(GVco thi tham kith° sir dyng khi dtinh gaff hyc sinh tIcláp3 din lop 5) </i>

H9 va ten h9c sinh: _{; Tan:} _{; Nam/ND:}

Lap: ; Truang: _{; Ngay danh gia:}

<i>Hwang din: Dual </i>day la nhang hanh vi ma m6t nguai a kra tuei em c6 the lam. Em hay doc _ki

tirng cau va nghT xem minh <i>_{thyv hien dr mar do mew?}</i>_{Sau do khoanh visa mOt sO thich help bleu thi}

dung nhat hanh vi cUa minh. <i>_{(CM chon I trong 3 mtiv clO)}</i>

<i>I = Ham khi, khong thing: 2 = TM thoang, </i> <i>_{khi dung; 3 = Thwerng xuyen, thztemg xuyen clthng}</i>

A. Cac nang Ityc, pharn chit

STT Cdc chi bin hinh vi (bieu hien Cu the) ; . Mat dO

dant quan sit er tirng Jiang lot, pham chat ₁

2 3

Nang lot

<i>I </i> <i>Tv phoc vv, tv quein </i>

1 Em tu cham sec than the, an, mac gon gang sach se ₁ ₂ ₃

2 Em tkr chuAn bi de clang h9c tap ca nhan Or tren lop, Or nha ₁ ₂ ₃

3 Em tu giac hoan thanh c6ng viec &gm giao thing hen ₁ ₂ ₃

4 Em chit dOng khi thqc hien cat nhiem vt,i hoc tap ₁ ₂ ₃

5 Em ta sap ?cep thai gian h9c tap, sinh hog ca nhan, vui chcri hqp Ii ₁ ₂ ₃

6 _{Em nisi') xep then gian lam ck bai tap theo you cau cila giao vien} ₁ ₂

3

<i>II </i> <i>Hop hic </i>

7 Em c6 kr nang giao tip, san sang gitip der cac ban ₁ ₂ ₃

8 Em de lam quen, de clang ket ban ₁ ₂ ₃

9 _{Em biet noi led cam an khi ngueri khk giap minh met dieu gi de} ₁ ₂ ₃

10 _{Em tich cot, tu giac hoan thanh cling viec duvc nh6m giao dung hen} ₁ ₂ ₃

11 Em fang nghe va de clang thoa thuan vai ck ban trong nhom ₁ ₂ ₃

12 Em

a

chai yeti cac ban dully khac minh ve nhieu diem ₁ ₂ ₃

<i>III </i> <i>Tv hoc vii gkii quyit yin di </i>

13 _{Em tu dux hien duqc cac nhiem vg h9c tap ca nhan, h9c tap theo nhom} ₁ ₂ ₃

14 _{Em tu giac, chii dieing hoan thanh cac bai tap dugc giao clung hen} ₁ ₂ ₃

15 Em tr kiem tra, danh gia ket qua h9c tap det dieu chinh viec hoc ₁ ₂ ₃

16 Em tim hieu ro van de khi c6 bit den, de hieu Ii do, ma kh6ng tilt gin ₁ ₂ ₃

17 DE giai quy6t mOt vAn de, em thuang c6 gang an cang ₁ ₂ ₃

18 _{Em nghT ra Mang cach khk rrhau de giai guy& vAn d'e} ₁ ₂ ₃

Phim chAt

<i>IV </i> <i>Chan: hoc, cham lam </i> ₁ ₂ ₃

19 Em tu giac tham gia larn cac viec vat trong nha giap be me ₁ ₂ ₃

20 _{Em thich &rex May c6 giao c.ac ding viec O. lop, er twang} ₁ ₂ ₃

21 Em cam they hanh phoc khi duqc giiip b6 me lam the viec vat trong nha ₁ ₂ ₃

22 _{Em c6 sr tap trung, cha Y ling nghe trong ck gie hcyc} ₁ ₂ ₃

23 _{Em chit Ong neu thac mac va tich cuc phat bi'eu y kien trong gib hoc} ₁ ₂ ₃

</div>
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STT Cac chi bao hanh vi (bieu hien cn the)
dtrqc quan sat 6. tirng nang Inc, phAm chit

Mirc d§

1 2 3

27 Em thuong ttr tin trong cac cuOc thao tun nhom 1 2 3

28 Em c6 trach nhiem khi thot hien cac nhiem vu duct giao 1 2 3

29 <b>Em loon n6 Inc, cO trach nhiem trong hoc tap, ren luyen ban than </b> 1 2 3
30 Em ttr chiu trach nhiem, khOng c16 i6i, s'an sang nhon le-i khi lam sal 1 2 3

<i><b>VI </b></i> <i><b>Trung thar, Id !nip </b></i>

31 Em yeu str that tha, ghet str gian di 1 2 3

32 Em n6i dUng ve sty viec, khong nOi sal ve nguai khac 1 2 3

33 Em biet bao ve dm cOng, khong !Ay nhang gi kh6ng pita' dm minh 1 2 3

34 Em ton trong cam ket, gift Itri him 1 2 3

35 Em ton trong nOi quy va dux hien nghiem tfic quy dinh ve hoc tap I 2 3
36 Em ttr giac, tAp trung cho cac nhiem vu hoc tip, khong can nhac nit& I 2 3
<i><b>VII </b></i> <i><b>Doan kit, yiu thirtmg </b></i>

37 Em the hien sr ton tang, nhuerng nhin, gAn ket trong nh6m ban 1 2 3

38 <b>Em biet each Ong )(Cr, kitting gay mAt doan ket trong t6, lop </b> <b>1 </b> 2 3

39 Em kh6ng nei xau sau lung ban hoc gay ge vai cac ban trong 16p 1 2 3

r 40 Em yeti thuong, quan tam cham s6c Ong ba, cha me, anh em 1 2 3

41 Em y8u twang, lop, biet an thAy gido, co giao 1 2 3

42 Em yeti thucmg ban, sAn sang gill') clO ban 1 2 3

<b>B. Em co nhcmg dir& manh, kW) khan nho? </b>

<i><b>a) NM-mg tem mad; (vi nh(in thirc, Id nang, thdi (1()) </b></i>

<i><b>b)Nlifing kho khan </b></i>

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