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<b>QUY</b>

<b> H O A C H</b>

<b> - KIEN TRUC - DO THj & XA HOI </b>

<b>TS.KTS HOANG MANH NGUYEN (*) </b>

<b>M </b>

ac du chi la nudc gdp
phan nhd gay ra bidn doi
khf hau, tuy nhien Viet
Nam lai la mpt trong nhirng nudc
dung ddu (thir l b trong 16 nudc
dung dau danh sach) vd mirc dp
chju riii ro Idn nhat ciia bidn doi
khi hau trong 30 nam tdi. Ndu
muc nude bien dang len Im thi
Viet Nam se mdt 12% ddt sir dung
- noi cu tru ciia 23% dan sd.
(Theo du bao ciia World Bank
-2009)

Trong khi nhieu ngudi chua
nhan thirc dupe, thi bidn doi khi
hau da ed nhCrng tac ddng to Idn

den Viet Nam va nhieu qudc gia
khac gay ra nhidu tham hpa tan
khdc. Ngap lut d midn Bac, bao d
mien Trung, tridu cudng d midn
Nam Viet Nam, trude day xay ra
vai nam mdt lan, thi nay diln ra
hang nam, tham chf nhidu lan
trong mdt nam.

Cung vdi su biing no phat trien
kinh td, su phat trien dd thj vupt ra
ngoai tdm kiem soat khien eae dd
thi ciia Viet Nam trd thanh nhirng
cd may tieu tdn nang lupng va
san xuat ra khf thai la nhirng tae
nhan ciia bidn doi khf hau. Theo
thdng ke ciia Bd Xay dung, ddn

nam 2020, dien tfch xay dung se
tang nhanh. Cae dd thi dang
chldm 30 - 40% nang lupng sir
dung; 19% lupng nudc sach tieu
thu, 29% lupng gd khai thac, 40
-50% nhien lieu thd dupc sir dung.
Vdi tdc dp tang trudng ciia cae
don vj doanh nghiep nganh xay
dung hien nay tong nang lupng
tidu dung trong khu vue xay dung
dd thj udc tfnh chidm khoang tir
20 - 24% tong nang lupng qudc
gia.

Nhan thifc dupc thach thufc
eiia bidn doi khf hau, Thii tudng
da phe duyet Chuong trinh Mue
tieu Qudc gia img phd vdi bien doi
khf hau vdi cae hanh ddng tap
trung vao giai doan 2009-2015.
Tuy nhien, dau tranh vdi nhirng

vdn dd ciia bidn doi khf hau la
mdt cdng viec to Idn khdng the
thue hien dupc bdi don thuan nha
nudc Viet Nam hay cae to chirc
qui hoach kidn true. Day la mdt
nhiem vu dat ra eho loan xa hpi
eiia Viet Nam.

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<b>sir QUAY</b>

<b> TR6 LAI QUA THIET K E S I N H T H A I . </b>

<i>trang thai ung xCl: thu ddng, can </i>
thiep va chong tra.

<i>- L/ng xd thij ddng: la sU phan </i>
irng vd thirc va hOu thirc ciia con
ngudi vdi didu kidn tu nhien de
thi'ch ifng tdn tai, khdng lam
phuong hai den thien nhien.

<i>- l^ng xd can thiep eiia eon </i>
ngudi vdi thien nhien xuat hien d
mdi cdng ddng dan tdc vdi sutidn
hda van minh, khi con ngudi ed
dil tri luc va nhan thirc dupc nhu
eau va kha nang dap img nhu
cau.

<i>- Ohg xd chdng tra: Dau thd ky </i>
XXI khi khoa hpc cdng nghe phat
trien vupt bae, con ngudi cd the

tao ra nhung thir minh cdn va
mudn, con ngudi eang thda man
minh thi eang nay sinh nhu cdu
thda man hon va hon nua. Chinh
luc dd con ngudi phai chdng tra
lai CPn thjnh no ciia thien nhien.'

Trong bdi canh dd, dd thi va
cdng trinh kiln true dupe khoac
len minh chide do giap, xa each
khdi mdi trudng thien nhien. Con
ngudl tu thda man minh bang su
tien nghi, su d l chju bdng cac
phuong each nhan tao. Di ngupe
vdi each nghT, each lam dd, thiet
k l sinh thai da dupc quan tam trd
lai nhu la mdt giai phap thdng
minh vira thi'ch ung vifa dap img
va ddn tra l^i cho thien nhien
nhirng gl da ldy.

Khai niem v l thilt k l sinh thai
la mdt khai niem khdng mdi
nhung da dupe Idng ghep nhijmg

tu tudng mdi trudc nhung thach
thirc eiia biln doi khi hau. Thilt k l
sinh thai ed the hieu la qua trinh
tich hpp cac y l u td mdi trudng
vao trong qua trinh thidt k l va

phat trien cac san pham dd thj va
kien true.

Dd thj hay cac edng trinh kidn
true deu la cae san pham Idn
dupc tao thanh tir rat nhidu san
pham nhd. Do vay de cd dupc
mdt dd thj sinh thai hay mdt kiln
true sinh thai cdn xudt phat tir cac
san pham sinh thai va dupe sir
dung mdt each phiJ hop thdng
qua mdt thidt ke sinh thai. Vdi
thilt k l sinh thai, dd thj va cdng
trinh kiln triic dupc tao lap dUa
tren tinh thdn eiia trilt ly Phucmg

' " % "
^

<b>fiipubliC </b>

<b>^«iu$tan </b>

<i><b>htpi\ </b></i>

Ddng dd la phat trien trdn cO sd
tdn trpng va hda hpp cung thien
nhien. Didu dd mang lai nhung
kha nang giam thieu tieu thu nang
lupng va thfch nghi vdi khi hau,

mang d i n nhung sir dung kinh te
hon, tuoi thp cdng trinh cao hon...
Vdi phuang cham tidn len
tuong lai nhin lai hien tai, thilt kl
sinh thai ludn hudng tdi nhifng
san pham tidu chuan khdng thira
khdng thilu, dilu nay giiip triet
thoai nhung lang phf nang luong
va tai nguydn, de danh cho tuong
lai.'

Cung Chung mdt nhan thifc
nhu vay, thang 11/2010 tai Dai
Bae, Dai Loan da didn ra hdi nghj
ban v l thilt ke sinh thai vdi sir
tham gia eiia hau het cae nudc
Ddng A do APO (Asian
Productivities Organization) to
chu'c. Tai didn dan nay rat nhieu
nhung thanh edng va kinh nghiem
trong viec thiie day, phat trien cac
san pham sinh thai va thilt k§
sinh thai da dupc chia se.

Ndi dung ciia phuong phap
thilt k l sinh thai theo tu tudng
mdi cd the tdm tat d mdt sd diem
sau:

- Thidt ke sinh thai can dUdc

nhin nhan va dp dung tong the
trdn cac khia canh mdi trudng, xa
hdi, van hda va kinh t l . Thilt k§
sinh thai khdng di ngupe lai nhu

Mongolia

<b>Republic </b>
<b>0fK«r«4 </b>

<b>Hong Kong </b>

Thaiidnd Republic
<i>of Vietnam </i>

Sfl IdnkA

C4mbodi4

<b>HiUysis </b>

S.r.gjpi'C

<b>thanh viin cua APO </b>

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<b>S l / QUAY T R d LAI CUA THIET KE SINH THAI... </b>
eau phat trien kinh t l va phii hpp

vdi didu kidn van hda xa hdi ciia
timg dia phuang. Thilt k l sinh thai

khdng phai la giai phap rieng cho
cac nudc phat trien ma ciia ca cae
nude dang phat trie'n de giai quylt
mdt loat eae van de vd mdi trudng
dang dat ra tren binh didn toan
cau.

- Cac san pham sinh thai can
dupc trien khai bao trum trdn ca
dd thj, cdng trinh kidn true, vat lieu
va cae san pham xay dung.
Nhung san pham eiia thilt k l sinh
thai la mdt qua trinh khep kin.
Giam thieu nhimg ddu vao eiia dd
thj va kidn true (nhung vat lieu
thd), giam thieu ddu ra ciia dd thj
va kien triic (d nhiem, rac thai,
nudc thai...). Sir dung trilt ly

<i>"ngudn goc trd ve ngudn gdc" de </i>
thuc hien vide tai sir dung cac vat
lieu cu cang nhilu cang tdt...

Nhieu cdng cu hd trp cho thiet

khach
trudng sinh thai voi eae
hang sinh thai

<i>- Quan ly va khuyin khfch cac </i>

<i>san pham sinh thai: Cdn xay dung </i>
mdt he thdng quan ly va danh gia
cac san pham sinh thai de phat
huy thilt k l sinh thai mdt each
thuc chat.

Trudc nhung thach thirc ciia
bien doi khf hau, thidt ke sinh thai
vdi tu tudng mdi la tien dd cho
hang loat kd hoach hanh ddng
cho Viet Nam trong tuong lai:

- Xay dung mdt cd chd hd trp
va khuyen khi'ch thiet ke sinh thai
thdng qua vide ban hanh eae he
thdng luat lien quan.

- Tao lap mdi trudng eho thilt
ke sinh thai thdng qua sU can
bang ciia kinh te va mdi trudng,
dp dung vao cac san pham cdng
nghiep va hoat ddng thuong mai.

- Xay dung eae chuong trinh
dao dao vd thilt k l sinh thai tir

•^ i«~3|V if

<i><b>mm K </b></i>

k l sinh thai da dupc d l xudt nhu
la LCA, PESSS,TRIZ....=

Oe thilt k l sinh thai ed the di
vao ddi sdng, cdn thuc hien dupe
bdn cdng vide khdng the thilu cd
the Net ke nhu sau:

<i>- Xay dung chfnh sach: Can cd </i>
sueam kit ciia cdp lanh dao, can
cd mdt he thong luat rd rang

<i>- San pham sinh thai: Can phai </i>
tao mdt ngudn eung eae san
pham sinh thai ddi dao, phong
phu va cd chat lupng eao vdi gia
thanh hoc ly.

<i>- Khach hang cho san pham </i>
<i>sinh thai: Cdn xay dung mpt thj </i>

hpc sinh, sinh vien va md rdng
d i n cac tang Idp trong xa hdi.

- Xay dung cac ehuan ISO va
he thdng danh gia cho cac cdng
trinh va san pham hudng tdi sinh
thai.

- Xay dung cac md hinh thue

hien tir chi'nh saeh- thf diem- lua
chpn hinh mau chuan - ap dung
nhdn rdng

Viet Nam cd ca mpt b l day ljch
sir ddi ehpi lai vdi thien tai, vide
nghien ciru nhimg kinh nghiem
thi'ch img khf hau thdng qua cae
cdng trinh kiln true truyin thdng
ed the cho ta bilt nhOng kha nang

thfeh img vdi khf hau trong tuong
lai nhu t h i nao.

Nhidu cd hdi dang md ra vdi
thilt k l sinh thai trong qua trinh
phat trien tai Viet Nam. Qua trinh
md rdng cae vimg dd thj nhu la
Ha Ndi hay thanh phd Hd Chf
Minh tao ra nhilu cd hdi cho vide
giam thieu vide tidu thu cac ngudn
tai nguyen va lupng khf thai. Day
cung la dilu kien tdt cho vide
chuyen djch co eau theo hudng
ndn kinh te hieu qua v l nang
lupng va xanh saeh trdn tinh thdn
eiia thiet ke sinh thai.

Ben canh dd, thilt k l sinh thai
rdt cdn nhDng nd luc manh me

ciia cac co quan lidn quan tir quan
ly, giam sat va ea nganh cdng
nghiep xay dung.

Tren day la mdt sd ddng gdp
nhd hudng tdi mdt Viet Nam van
minh xanh cd sire de khang cao
vdl bidn doi khi hau , rdt mong
dupe su chia se them tir eae ban
ddng nghidp.Q

'•'KTS Hoang Manh Nguyen

Vien Kign true Nhiet ddi - Oai hoc kien
true Ha noi -

<i>Kidn true nhiet ddi va chidn Iffpe bao ve </i>
<i>moi trffdng tridt ly tff nhffng nhan bidt khong </i>
<i>mdi - Hoang Dao Kinh, Hpi Kidn trffc sff </i>
<i>Viet Nam </i>

<i>'Current trend and Issues related to </i>
<i>Eco-design, Fumi Masuda, Tokyo Zokei </i>
<i>Univ </i>

<i>'Taiwan's Policies & Achievements in </i>
<i>Promoting Eco-Design Activities, Ning Yu, </i>
<i>President, Environment and Development </i>
<i>Foundation </i>

TAI LIEU THAM KHAO:

1. Asia Pacifie Economic Cooperation
(2009) Peer review on energy efficiency in
Vietnam. Final Report Endorsed by the
APEC Energy Working Group.

2. Vietnam: Expanding Opportunities for
improving Energy Efficiency Robert R
Taylor, Jas Singh, Alberto U. Angco, V\/orld
Bank 2009

3. Climate Change 2007, Impacts,
Adaptation and Vulnerability, Fourth
Assessment Report of ' the
Intergovernmental Panel of Climate Change,
Cambridge University Press, IPCC, 2007

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