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NGHIEN CiPU - TRAO 0 6 !

<i><b>Sang tao cua Ho Chf Minli trong xay diAig \ </b></i>

<b>lire mong nong cot cho Mat tran Dan tdc thdng nhat </b>

<b>• PGS, TS PHAM NGOC ANH - T h S V U T U A N </b>

<i>Hoc vt$n Chinh tri qudc gia Hd Chi Minh Hoc vien Ky thuat quan stf </i>

<i>I ' vai tt ° ^ - "J- " " " " ^ ™ " ^ ^ " ^ ™ I"™ "i^" " " * 4 " * ' " Mac - Lenta vi </i>

; ™^°?'"'''™*™.B?»'^fro".g-nghJepeaehmtuign6Jchm,g.vaitt6n6nge6tcuakhdilien

<b>1 ™l4rLT-rr'"'''°"!'*"***"'''''^'^-^"**^™-hd,vittahhinhthucti </b>

I, , ' = " ^ « * mang Wet Nam eung nhu thiy dugc vai ttd quan ttgng eiia ting lop tti diilc ttong su nghiep

I T ' „ r S - " . r ^ " ' ^ ' ' ' ' ^ ' ' * ' " ™ ' ' ™ ' ' ' ^ ^ ' " S v a p h a , t t i i „ ; | ^ l u d n c u a c h 4 H a M e

1 ! -Lenin ve tap hgp luc lugng each mang vgi quan diem sang tao: Idy lien minh edng - nong tti thirc

! ImMinhatritaoradgngJucmanh^niedini each mang Viet Nam din didng lgi hoan loan.

<i>H , J ; ? h " ° i ? ™ ' " . ' * " " ^ ' " ' ^^'-^'^ "' "'y CichmangvpsaniibdtddiigcaaiahatgiaicipcSiiii </i>

<i>X^phdt,.d,ue^eich.,gdehduAu,C.Mdc t X : , ; ^ : ^ ^ ^ : ^ ^ ^ ^ ; : ! ^ ^ </i>

ta hgc thuyet ^an, thang du": die biet la vdo thing Nhu viy, co thi t h d y ' 4 . tirly luan vi thuc tiln eiia

<i>TA„„ ui. .u ^-^ L . . •^'" '^"P ^^"S nhan ddng vai trd lanh dao Dign Ah chn </i>
n h i n r d l ^ ' ^ p Z c u " l ^ r r a x ' ° r ' M " ^ ' ^ f , y . c ^ = ^ n . ^ i . * . * i d u g c s u e ^ d , i e ? p h t 6 s :

chira nguyen nhan chu yeu cua that bai ttong cac cuoc Dinthdi VTIAii,? H,i..|,„ i,- „ , . . . . - , .

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<b>NGHIEN CLTU - TRAO 06l </b>

tang lap lao dong khac mdt each khoa hoc. phu hgp vdi
tinh hinh thuc te ttong Caeh mang XHCN thang Mudi
<i>Nga (1917) \'di phuang cham: Hdy cho tdi mot td chirc. </i>
<i>ldi se ldm dao ldn ca mrdc Nga nham hien chien tranh </i>
<i>de qudc thdnh ndi chien cdch mang V.I.Lenin cho rSng, </i>
hen rainh cdng - ndng la haj luc lugng chu cong ciia
chinh quyen Xdviet. Cd nhi^u liic VI.Lenin da dua ca
binh linh (Hdngquan) tham gia \ao luc luong lien mmh
ndng cot nay de tao thanh th^ chan b^ng cdng nong
<i>-binh. song ve ban chat thi bmh cung tir cdng - ndng ma </i>
<i>ra ca, nen Hdng qudn chinh la quan ddi cdng ndng. </i>

Trong giai doan dau cua thdi ky qua do ien CNXH.
khong chi co lien mmh cdng - ndng ma con lien mmh
vdi cac t^ng Idp lao dong khac Dac biet, ddi vdi cac
nudc thudc dia, tien ttr ban. ndng nghiep lac hau qua dp
bo qua che do nr ban chu nghia di len Cf-JXH thi day
chinh la lire lugng each mang chu y^u. Vdi tu each la
giai cap lanh dao, giai cap cdng nhan ma dimg dAu la
Dang Cgng san phai nam bat dugc nhimg yeu c^u khach
quan lir cac giai cap, ting Idp de to chuc thanh lien mmh
\'irng chac. dd khong chi ia di^u kien dira each mang d^n
thang lgi rna cdn lam gia tang su doan k^t de "khdng cd
the lire nao pha \'d ndi",

Nhu vay, CO the thdy ring, trong ca giai doan diu
tranh gianh chinh quy^n lan trong chuyen chinh vd san,
<i>VI.Lenin deu khang dinh. Clmien chinh vd sdn Id mdt </i>
<i>htnh thdc dac biei cua Hen minh gitra giai cdp vd san </i>

<i>001 nen phong aia nhung ngirdi lao ddng) vin ddng ddo </i>
<i>nhimg tdng lap ho ddng khdng phen vd ^an (Heu lir.'ian. </i>
<i>tmi chu. ndng dan. iri ihirc. vv) Tuy co 6k cap dgn ca </i>
cac giai cap. tang lop khac ngoai cdng nhan va nong daji.
<i>song ldng li/f7 tri thdc van chua duoc xac dinh la luc </i>
<i>lmmg ndng cdl nen chua duoc nhin manh va coi Uong, </i>
Dicii nay cd le do diau kien lich su cua xa hoi nudc Nga
Xoviet luc bay gid khic-n V l.Lenm va Dang Bdnsevich
nhan thirc la chi cd nhimg luc luong true ligp tham gia
lao dgng san xuat dong dao nhit trong xa hgi mdi cd the
lao ra mot lien minli vung chic i ^ ndng col cho khdi
doan ket loan dan Mat khac, cd die do mat faing dan tri.
trinh do nhan thuc. y thiic to chirc k-y luat . cua cdng
•-ndng o nudc Nga Xovict da kha cao nen vai Uo ciia tri
ihuc khong dugc the hien ro.

2. Ho Chi Minh phat trien sang tao quan di6m
cua chii nghia Mac-Unin >l xay dimg khfli lien minh
cong - nflng - tri thuc trong sir nghiep each mang

Tmng thanh vdi ly luan cua chu ntihia Mac-Lenin
Ho C hi Mmh ludn coi "each mang la su nahicp cua quan

chimg, thang loi ciia each mang la do su phan diu. hy
sinh va tri thdng minh. sang tao ciia hang trieu nhan dfin,
nhat la cdng nhan, ndng dan va nhiing ngudi tri thiic
each mang"<", nhan dan la ddng lire chii ygu cua cadi
<i>mang... Vi the, trong tac pham Dtrdng Cdch menh. mic </i>
dli xac dinh "dan chiing cdng ndng la gdc each menh"")
trong do cdng nhan giij vai Ird lanh dao. song trong su^

nen uinJi each mang, dii d thdi ky each mang giai phong
dan tgc hay each mang XHCN, Ho Clii Minh d^u nhin
thiic rd v6 vi Ui, vai trd cua ting Idp tri thiic each mang
va xac dinh xay dung lien minh cong - ndng - tri thiic
<i>thanh luc lugng ndng cdt cho khdi dai doan kk dan tpc, </i>
tao dgng lire ca ban cho each mang,

<i><b>Xudt phdt lif dac diem, tinh chdt dgc thu cuaxa h^ </b></i>
<i><b>vd thirc liin cdch mgng Viet Nam. Hd Chi Minh OS </b></i>
<i><b>sdm nhgn thiic dirpc vi Iri, vai tro cur ky quan trpng </b></i>
<i><b>Clia dpi ngu tri Ihuc ddi vdi su- nghiep cdch mgng vi </b></i>
<i><b>sir phdi Irien ciia xd hpi. </b></i>

Ho Chi Mmh ludn coi tri thirc la "vdn hgng quy bau
<i>eua dan tgc". la bg ph^ii quan Irong Irong luc iupng ckb </i>
mang Ngudi nhan thiy. tti thiic khdng phai la mgt giai
cap, hg chi la mpt ting Idp cd sd lupng khiem tdn trong
.xa hoi Vi?l Nam (diu tlig ky XX). nhung ho ludn di diu,
la ngoi nd trong phong ttao diu tranh ddi dpc lap. doi
quyen dan t6c. dan chii. Ngudi da nhan ro su khac bi^
giira tti thirc tai cac nudc thuoc dia. ban thugc dia hay
cac dan tpc bj ap birc vdi cac nudc tu ban dg qu6c Tri
thuc Viet Nam "dii la tti thiic mot s6 kha dong Ihu^c
thanh phan phii ndng, dia chii, phong kign. tti san ma ra
nhung cung dgu bi dg qudc ap birc'i'*

<i>La nhihig ngudi eo hgc thiic, hieu bigt, tri thirc Vi^ </i>
Nam rat nhay ben vdi cai mdi. vdi nhimg tu ttrdng tiin
bg. Hd Chi Minh da chi ra hai ygu td tich cue ciia tri thirc
Viet Nam "Cd dau dc dan tdc va diu 6c each mang"'*'.

Ngudi nhan xet, tti thirc "cd hpc tliirc, de co cam gik
<i>chinh m. Ho klidng nvc tigp bdc lot lao dgng, Vi ny, </i>
ho dg ngp tho su giao due each mang va cung di vdi cong
ndng"*'* Trong lam thirc cua moi tti thirc Viet Nam luon
CO y thitc va tinh cam sau sic vdi dan tpc. Ddi vdi hp.
dan tgc chinh fa cai noi sinh thanh va nuoi dudng ly Hi,
tmh cam, tmh than va tri tue. tai nang ciia minh. Vdi thfi
manh la nhay ben ve chinh tti, nhimg ngudi tti thiic Vi^I
Nam nlian thay ro tinh canh cua dan tpc va chinh ban
<i>than minh Hp cam thiy nd Ig, mil nudc la "qudc si" vi </i>
mong muon tim ldi thoat.

Su nh^y ben ve chinh tti va ttnh than each mang ciia
tn thiic ticp luc dugc bigu hien qua sy ra ddi. tdn t^i v4

<b>20 </b>

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<b>NGHI£N cChj - TRAO e6i </b>

phat trien nhanh chong eua nhiing t i chirc chmh tti Clia

sinh vign, tti diuc (phin lon ttong s6 hg sau niy ttg thinh
nhiing d i i ^ vien diu den Clia Ding Cgng sdn Viet Nam),
ma Nguyen Ai Quie da nhie din Ogng bio eao gui
Quoc te Cgng sin ngdy 5.3.1930: Ben eanh Viet Nam
thanh nien each mpng ding ehi hgi, con eo ba nhom
chmh ni: Nhom dianh nien 6 Nam ky, Tdn Viet o Tmng
2 kyvaAnNamquicddnDdngdBicky.Nhomthirnhit

» gom phan lgn l i thanh men, sinh vien; nhom thir hai la
<i>^' ni thuc; nhom thli ba l i tiiu tu sin. </i>

1^ Nhan thiic duoe vi tti, vai tto quan ttgng Clia tti fliirc
Viet Nam trong cich mang ddn toe dan chu nhan dan vd
cich mang XHCN, khi flidnh lip Ding Cgng sdn Viet
» Nam, ttuoc yeu ciu phii co mgt dudng lii chinh tti rS
* rang, phai phan dinh ro chiin ttiyin giira cich mang vd
• phdn cich mang. H i Chi M n h da xip tti thiic vdo hang
^ ngu luc luong cich mang cua dan tgc do giai cip vo sin

lanli dao, la mgt ttong nhihig ding nunh gin gui cua giai
> cap cong nhdn va nong dan. Nguoi khing dinh mgt each
I dut khoit ttong nhiing van kien diu tien mang tmh
« cuong ffiih cua Ding Trong Sdch luge vin tat Clia Ding
il Nguiri viet: "Ddng phii hit siic lien lac voi Biu tu sin,
<i>t tti fliire, ttung nong, Thanh nien. Tin Viet, v.v. d i keo hg </i>
<i>i di vdo phe vo sin giai cip"i«. Chuong ttinh torn a t cua </i>
1 Dang viet: "Dang loi keo tiiu ttr sin, tti Oiirc va ttung
I nong ve phia giai cip vo san"m. Vifc xac dinh ngay tir
1 rat siJra VI tti oia U fliirc nong luc lugng cdch mang da
I gop phdn CO lap ke thil, dua ting liSp tri flnic v i phia each

mang ttr nhirng buoi ddu tien, lang cuemg sue manh Ion
lao cho cich mang.

^ CuOe cdch mang md H i Chu tich Ding ta va nhan
dan ta tien hinh l i mgt euge caeh mang vo cung kho
khan, gian k h i vdi nhung nhiem vu rit Ion lao. Do li
ddnh duoi de quic thuc ddn, phong kiin, doi lai tu do,
dgc lap cho dan tgc v i m6ng dit eho ddn cay Xdy dung
che dg din chit nhdn dan v i flin len xiy dung CNXH,
chu nghia cgng san. Thuc hien nhirng nhiem vu dy khi

o Vi5t Nam CO din 95% dan s i mil ehu, hdu qud eua
<i>chlnh sdch t j ^ din didi be cat tri ciia fliire dan Phdp. </i>
Ben canh do vgi chinh sach cai tti h i khic, boc lot. vg
vet fliugc dia din tan xuong my, fliuc din Phip da diy
nen ktah te nuoc ta vio ttnh ttang hit siie lae hau, tieu
diSu, kiet qug, nhin dan hit siic cue khi, lim than. Trong
hoin cdnh ay nhigm vg each mang eua edc giai eip.
nhdndinVietNam cing tto nen nang ne,16nlaohonvi
lat nhien, gidi tti flnic eung phai dam nhdn nhiiu ttgng
ttdch lon hon, phiic tap hon. H i Chi Muih xic dinh: 'iao

dong tti 6c CO nhiem vu rit quan ttgng ttgng su nghiep
khdng chien, kiin quic, ttong eong cugc hodn fliinh dan
chu mdi d i nin din CNXH"i». Trong each mang dan tgc
dan chii nhan din, tti flnic phai myen ttuyin, gido due
qudn chung nhung ttr ttrong each mang l i ngdi n i cho
cde phong ttao each mang, diu ttanh ching lai nhung
luan dieu phin dong mi ddn eua ke fliii Trong each mang
<i>XHCN, Hi tinic phdi di diu ttong viec ning eao dan tti, </i>
<i>xay dung v i kiin tiiiit nude nhi. Ho Chi Minh khdng </i>
dinh'Tri flnic phuc vu nhan dan bdy gid cung cdn, khdng
diien kien qude eung cin, tiin len XHCN cdng cin, tiin
len cgng sdn chii nghia lai edng cin'i'i.

Ngudi nhin manh: "Chinh la nhirng dang each mang
lai cing ttgng tti tfiuc: vi muin phdt hiin van hda flii
phai can fliiy giag, muin phat ttiin siic khde eiia nhdn
dan flii phdi cin fliiy fliuic, muon phat ttiin ky nghe phii
cdn cdc ky su, v.v.. Tdm lai each mang lit ein tti fliue vd
chinh ra chi cd cdch mang mdi biit trong tti fliuc'ii"'.

Trong mgi linh vuc, mgi flidi ky each mang diu rit edn
den hgc vin, tdi nang vd tam huyit, sue luc ciia gidi tti
fliuc. Dgi ngu tti flnic ding hinh cimg dan tdc tiin hinh
each mang ddn tgc dan chii nhan dan vd tiin len each
raang XHCN. Trong suit qua ttinh each raang 'Tri fliuc
khong cd bao gid fliira, ehi cd fluiu tii flnic flidi'im.

<i><b>Tir Vflri, vai trv circ ky quan trpng eda dpi ngu tri </b></i>
<i><b>thuc. Ho Chi Minh eoi ddy la luc lupng ca ban va dim </b></i>
<i><b>hp tham gia vdo khdi lien mmh cong -nong- tri thuc </b></i>
<i><b>de Ipo ra Ihi "chan Iding" virng chic lam nong cit </b></i>
<i><b>cho khoi dpi doan kit diin tpc </b></i>

Hd Chi Minh dpi hdi ttong mgi giai doan cdch raang
"cong, ndng, bi, can phai doan kit chat che flianh mgt
khdt'i'a. Theo Ngudi, "tinh chit each mang ciia ta id
each raang din chu mdi, cho nen ddng luc cich mang
gdm cd nhimg giai cip: cdng nhan, ndng dan, tiiu m
sin""». Ngudi nhin manh: "Tuyen ngdn eiia Bdng ndi:
"Ding Lao dgng -Viet Nam se gim nhung cong nhan,
ndng dan va lao ddng ni dc yen nude nhdt, hdng hai nhit,
each mang nhdf'. Va, "lao dgng tti dc cin dugc khuyin
khich giiip do, phat men tdi nang-i™. Khing dinh giai
cap edng nhan la giai cip lanh dao cdch raang giai eip
ndng dan la dgi qudn ehii luc ciia each mang H i Chi
Mtah daxep tdng Idpoifliucli ding minheuagiaiedp
cdng nhan, la mgt ddng luc ciia each mang, la mdt luc
lugng Clia Dang Cdng sin Viet Nam. Dd la chdn ly hiin
nhien khdng chi dung ttong each raang din tdc dan chu
<i>nhan din md cdn dilng ttong each mang XHCN. Khong </i>

<i>CO tang lip ui Ihirc hap uie vdi giat cdp cing. ndng Ihi </i>

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<b>NGHIEN CO'U-TFtAOedl </b>

<b>r^ </b>

<i>cdch mang khdng the thdnh cdng vd svr nghiep xdy dung </i>
<i>mot nuac Viet Nam mdi se khdng the hodn thdnh duac. </i>
Su khang dinh chic chin cua ngudi diing diu Chinh
phli, bang Tuyen ngdn ciia Dang da dap tan mpi luan
dieu xuyeo lac, bia dat cua ke thu hdng chia re khdi doan
ket cdng - ndng - tri, mang lai niSm tm viing chic cho
ting lop tri thiic.

Xic dinh lien minh cdng - nong - tri thuc la n&i tang
vung chic cua he thdng chinh tri, Hd Chi Minh nhic
nhd: "Giai cap cdng nhan doan k^t chat che vdi gidi tri
thirc, de giilp hg phuc vu each mang, phuc vu
OpOi"!'*! va "ti^n con dudng tifin dgn d o ^ k ^ tdi
tluet ttrdng tri thiic ta nen tir dpng di buuc trudc tim
den cong nong, va tdi chac rang cdng ndng se nhiet ii^t
hoan nghgnh tri thuc""*'.

Nhiing tri diuc Viet Nam di dieo Cdch mang sau
thang 8.1945 hiu hgt duoc dao tao trong cac nha Qudng
<i>Clia chg dg thuc dan phong kign hoac \ka viec ttong bp </i>
may cua che dp cii nen it nhilu chiu anh hudng ciia tu
tudng, ig ldi lam viec cil, nhu, lap ttudng thigu kien dinh,
tinh ky luiit chua cao, xa rdi quin chung... "ly lu^n khdng
di ddi vdi thyc hinh, xem khmh Iao dgng, tu tudng rao
hd, lap ttudng khdng vung, khi hanh dpng thi hay lung
lay""". Dg trd thanh ngudi lao dpng chan chinh, thanh

l\rc lugng quan tt-png cua each mang, thanh bp phan
ndng c6t khong thg thigu ciia khdi iien minh cdng - ndng
- tri, Hd Chi Minh eho rang, "tri thiic ta cin cai tgo tu
tudng, stia ddi 16 ldi lam viec""">. "Mye dich cai t ^ li
lam cho nhung ngudi tti ihiic chiing ta ttd thinh nhung
ngudi tti Ihlic ciia giai cip cdng nhan, hgt long het sue
phye vu cdng nong, gdp phin xiing ding va ve vang vio
cdng cupc xay dyng CNXH""". Mudn vay, cin phii
thyc hi?n "cdng ndng tri thiic hda. Tri thiic cdng ndng
hda. NghTa li cdng ndng cin hpc tap van hda dg ning
cao trinh dp tti thiic ciia minh, bi thuc cin gin gui cdng
nong va hgc t^p tinh thin, nghi lyc, sang kien va kinh
nghiem ciia cong ndng. Dd li nhiem vu chung v i cin
kip, m i chiing ta phai cimg nhau c6 ging lam cho ky
dugc"'^'". Theo Ngudi, cin phai dua tri thiic tham gia
Hyc tigp vio cdng cugc khang chiin, kign qudc, dg "anh
em tti thiic ciing bigt ttpng lao dpng, oing biet lim Iao
dgng, hgp thinh mpt khdi vdi cong nong, nang cao ttinh
dp cong ndng vfi van hoa Iy lu^"n'). Tit quan dilm chi
dao do Clia H 6 Chi Minh. nhidu tri thirc da hang hai xung
phong ra ten ttiygn, tryc tigp vao cac nha may, rupng
ddng, hoc tap, lao dpng, xay dimg y thuc phuc vy cdng
nong. cai tao m tudng, sira ddi ldi lim viec, ud thanh

nhiing tri thuc each mang chan chinh. Bdi vl, chl c6^
bd vdi cong nong, phuc vy, suy tir, tran trd v6 nhi
de cd lien quan dSn v^n menh cua dit nudc, dSo
hanh phuc cua nhan dan, het long, het siic phye w ^
qudc, phuc vu nhan dan, tri fliuc mdi khing djnh
vai trd, vj tri cua minh doi vdi sir phit trign ciia dit

dan tdc. Dd cting chinh la ti6n dS quan trpng dg k h ^
minh cdng - ndng - Iri Ihiic n ^ y cing dugc cung cd 1
chat, tang cudng siic manh va da thuc sy trd fliinh
nhan ciia khoi dgi doan kit toin dan tpc.

Trai qua nhieu thing trim, biln ddng ciia ljch
nhung quan digm diing din cua H6 Chi Minh vfi vj
vai trd ciia d^i ngu tri tiiirc ciing nliihig sing tdo
Ngudi trong xSy dung khdi lien minh cdng - nfing
thuc van cdn nguyen gia tri ca vg Iy lu|n lin thyc tii
Nd mai la nggn duoc soi dudng thing lpi cho sy
xay dyng luc lugng ndng cdt cho khdi dgi doin kit
tdc Clia Dang va Nhi nudc ta. Hien nay, nhan logi ^ vi
dang budc vio ky nguyen mdi - ky nguyen cua kinh ^
tri thiic. Trudc nhimg didi co, vgn hgi mdi dan xen v J
nhiing thich thiic khdng nhd cua xu thl toan cau hda J
hgi nhap qudc te ngay cang sau rpng..., d l thyc h i ^
muc tieu tdng quit ma Dai hoi XII da xac djnh: "Soni"
dua nudc ta thanh nudc cdng nghi?p theo hudng
dai"(^), hon iiic nao hit. Dang va N h i nude cin pl
quin triet va vin dung sang tgo quan digm ciia Hi,
Minh ve tti thiic, coi trpng v i cd bipn phip thiet flu
xay dyng ddi ngu tri thiic cich mgng ng^y cing hi
hiu, tao tiln d l cho lien minh cdng - ndng - tti thiic
triln de xiy dyng lyc lugng ndng c6t cho khdi dai
ket dan tgc vimg manh, qua dd khai thic mpi tiem
va die manh cua cac giai ting trong xa hpi, phit huyi
mgnh toan din tpc, tao dpng lire manh me cho sy nghij
C N H , H D H d i t n u d c n

<i>(1) H^ Chi Minh, Toan tap. T14. Nxb. CTQG. H ,2011 tr.4 </i>
<i>(2) Ho Chi Minh: Sdd. T2. tr.297. </i>

(3),{4),(5),(9),(I0),(ll),(l3),(17).(21)H6ChiMinh;i
T8, lr.53,54,258.59.53.56,255,258,57.

<i>(6), (7) H^ Chi Minh: Sdd. T3, tr.3,4. </i>

<i>(8), (14), (18), (20) H6 Chi Minh: Sdd. T?, tr,72.71,72, TsJ </i>
(12), (16) H6 Chi Minh: say. TIO. tr.376,377.
<i>(15) Ho Chi Minh: Sdd. T12. tr.371. </i>
<i>(19) nh Chi Minh; SddTU, tr.243. </i>

<i>^ (22) DSng COng san Vift Nam: Van Idfn DQI hpi<^ hihi A </i>
<i>quoc lan thie XII, VSn phoog Tnmg uong EMng. H.,20i6. </i>

<b>22 </b>

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