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<i><b>K ] I V A N Bt QUAM TAM </b></i>

Nhadxahgi-Nhad

<b>cho ngi/di thu nh$p thap </b>

<b>UPGS TS HGUY^N MINH HdA "Trudng Khoa DO Ihj hpc, Trudng DH </b>
<b>Qufic gia TP. HCM, MAI HA </b>

<b>1. NHA O X A H O K S O C I A L HOUSING) </b>
<b>Khai ni0m "Nha xa hOi" bat diu xucit </b>
<i><b>hi$n tir cdc nu6c Anh, My, Canada vio </b></i>
<b>nhQng nam 1970 vd d^n dSn Ian rOng </b>
<b>ra c^c nu6c khSc nhu Nh§t BSn, Hdn </b>
<b>Qu5c. Nha 6 xa hOi la mpt logi nha </b>
<b>cung cSp cho nhfrng ngu6i khfing c6 </b>
<b>thu nh«ip, ho^c cd nhung khdng dcing </b>
<i><b>kl. Hq) Id nhDng ngu61 khOng th^ ndo vi </b></i>
<b>khSng bao gid ty kilm minh ki^m duvc </b>
<b>m9t ch5 6. NhOng ngu^ ndy thirdng Id </b>
<b>ngudi vO gia cu, nguiM gia dcpn thdn, </b>
<b>ngu6t t|t nguy^n, ngubi dau y^u khOng </b>
<b>noi nuong ty^, nhQng ngudi sau khi man </b>
<b>hgn to nhung khOng cdn sue lao d^ng... </b>
<b>Lo9i nhd ndy trong nhiSu tru6ng hop </b>
<i><b>6u<yc gQl la nhd t£r thi^n, Ceic lo^l nhd </b></i>
<b>nay da phdn Id cua nhd nude, ngodl ra </b>
<i><b>c6n c6 cdc hi$p h^i nhd 6, cdc t6 chCrc </b></i>
<b>tir thl^n tham gia tCmg phin d^ duy tri </b>
<b>cuOc sdng cda nhOng ngudi sdng trong </b>
<b>nhd xa hOi. </b>

<b>TCiy timg hoan cdnh cy th6 md ngirfirt </b>

<i><b>dSng ky 6 nhd xd h^i c6 ngudt c6 \h6 </b></i>
<b>duQc miSn phf hodn todn hole cho ttiuS </b>
<b>v6i gid thSp. PhSn tign thu6 ndy thudng </b>
<i><b>duQc cdc t6 chijc tCr thl§n nhu nhd thfir, </b></i>
<b>td chiJc phi chlnh phO, cdc mgnh thudng </b>
<b>qudn chl trd qua cdc qu? md khdng chi </b>
<b>trd tri;c tifip cho ngudi sir dyng vi sp' hp </b>
<b>tieu phung phf. </b>

DSc diem chinh cua loai nha nay la
ngucn SLT dung khflng cO bSt cu quy^n
scr hCfu. khong dupe chuyen nhuijng,
<i>khong thua ke ma chi co quyen sd </i>
dung CO then han trong 1 0 - 1 5 n3m
Nhung nha nay khdng ISm bang vat lieu
ki^n CO (CO the goi la nhS t^m), nhi/ng
c6 du cac tien nghi tdi thi^u nhu di^n,
nuoc, gas, nha ve sinh, nha b§p, nha
tam Vi tri cua logi nha nay ducc dSt 6
nhung manh dat ma chu so huu chua
dung den. No khong dSt a khu vuc
trung tam hay cac nut giao thong ddng
<i>due, CO the' dat a ngogi thanh, cac khu </i>
vuc xa... Nhung nguoi song trong nha
xa hoi phai cam ket phSp ly, h^t then
<i>han sir dung neu chij sd hCru can lay lai </i>
de dua vao khai thac nhu xay cSc cong
trinh mdi thi phai chd'p hanh, khflng kien
cao Khi dq tuy tinh hinh md nhd nuoc

se bo tri hq vao song trong cac khu nha
6xa hoi khac

Nhung du la cua nha nude hay cac
to" chuc tu thign thi cung ducrc quy v^
mot moi la mot to chuc Chinh phu dung
ra lo lieu d^ d4 be quan ly ve an ninh
trat tu, vq sinh mdi trudng va cung
tranh trudng hop bi nhung ngudi c6
dyng tam xau loi dung ho lam an phi
phap nhu buon ban ma tuy, hay loi dung
danh nghta ho de kiem tten tir nhCrng
ngudi tot

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Trong thbi gian vCra qua trfin b^o chf, th^m chf mOt v^i van bSn cOa c^c

bo ng^nh khi n6i d^n loai nhS gi5 th^p ho9c daoc nh^ nadc h6 tro cho

<i>nhS dSu t u v^ ngadi mua nhS vdi inOt lis chung Id "nhd 6 xa hOi". V^y t h ^ </i>

nao IS a xa hOi vd khSc gl vdi nhd d cho ngudi thu nhSp th^p?

VI t$t nguy^n, tai ngn lao dOng, tai ngn
giao thdng...

2.NHAdCH0NGU((IT1iUNHAPTHilP

V A N H A J U G I A R ^

Nhli frcho ngirdri t h u nh^p t h i p
Cin khing djnh nhd 6 cho ngudi thu
nhdp thSp Id mdt lo^i sdn phSm hdng
<i>hda khOng phdi Idm Ki thl^n md Id d4 </i>

b^n. D6i tjT?ng mua Id ngudi cd thu
nhdp th^p cd th^ tCr luong, ti4n Idm
cdng. nhung do sd ti^n kl^m dupe ft,
chi di3 trang trdi cu6c sfing vd tfch IDy
chCtt ft nhung khdng th^ ndo mua dupe
nhd d n^u khdng c6 sy h6 trp ndo dd tCr
nhi^u phfa.

Lo«ii nhd d cho ngudi thy nhdp th^p
ttiudng cd gid rS hon cdc logi nhd khdc.
Lydo:

Thi> nhat, logl nhd ndy hodn todn
khdng te ve chSt lupng nhu nhieu ngudi
nghT. Nd vSn ddm bao dd b^n vOng vdi
nhung tifiu chu^n xdy dyng cc bdn, chl
cd di4u no khdng sij dyng cac thi^t bj
d^ti4n, chlng han nhu nhOng nhd th^p
tang (dudi 9 ting), khdng cd thang mdy,
Midng sfr dyng cdc ttiifit bi v§ sinh cao
<i>c^p, khdng ddng nhung hpa ti& trang </i>
tri clu ky, khdng cd cdc dich vy ti$n Ich
xa xl nhu ho boi, sSn tennis...

Ttiii hai, nd cd di§n tfch nhd hon so
vol cdc can hd cao c^p, trong nhlSu
trudng hpp vdi ba cdn hO sCr dyng
Chung mdt nhd b€p vd nhd v0 sinh.

<i>Jhir ba, nd dupe Chinh phO gidm </i>

hogc mi§n mdt sd cdc lo^i thug cho chfl
d^u tu nhuttiul dat. Ngodi ra Chinh phu
cdn h8 trgtdi chfnh thdng qua vi$c can
thidp d^ dupe vay ngan hdng vdi lai su^t
thap, h5 trg mdt phan tiSn d^n bCi gidi
tda (n^u cd), h5 trp mdt phan tdi chlnh
thdng gya vific can thi§p dupe gidm gid
vdtii$u xdy dyng...

ThCr tu, ngudi mua dupe gidm gia
I can hd cd khi chi b^ng gid thdnh can hd
I vdtrd din trong 1 5 - 2 0 nam khdng tfnh
<i>~ lai hodc lai suSt r l t thip. 06 nhd diu tu </i>
-S khdng bithietthdi, chfnh phO thudng uu
<i>% tien cho hp mdt sd cdng frinh khdc cd </i>
<i>z Ipi nhuan cao hon 6i bCi d i p vdo. </i>

Ngudi mua cd th^ cd quy^n sd hOu
<i>theo luat d|nh. 6 mdt sd nude nhu Hdn </i>
Qudc, do duQc nhi£u uu ddi nfin khdng
dupe ty do mua bdn, sang nhupng. Khi
mudn bdn, phdi bdn l^i cho qu^ nhd
cOa chinh phO theo gid thda thudn d^
ca quan qudn ly nhd dl^u tiSt cho ngudi
khdc.

N h d f r g l d r ^

Nhd d gid r6 Id mdt loai hlnh nhd d
thuong mgi dupe luu thdng ty do trfin

thj trudng nhu cdc nhd d gid cao hay
<i>gid trung binh, tCrc Id vl$c mua bdn hay </i>
cho thyg khdng phdi chiu nhang rdng
budc ddc thO gi theo co ch6 "xirreho".
Ngudi mua, k^ cd ngudi thu nh^p thdp,
hg cd dii tlfin thi cd thg chpn mua cdn
hd thich hpp tgi khu vyc hp mudn, ndi
cdch khdc Id quy^n Ipi vd nhSn ph^m
ci3a hp dupe tdn trpng.

<i>D^ cd dupe gid r6 thi cSn hd chi ndn </i>
cd di0n t'ch vdo khodng 4 0 - 6 0 m^ di3
ddp ling nhu cau d cho hd gia dinh cd
4 - 5 ngudi, ti>c Id mdi ngudi d khoang
10-12 m^. Ngodi ra cong n6n cd cd
logi can hO 2 0 - 3 0 m^ cho ngudi dOc
than hay mdi Idp gia dinh. Chlnh quyfin
thay vi quy djnh di§n t'ch tdi thi^u cOa
cdn hp, chf n6n quy dinh di$n tfch dtdi
thl^u hpp v$ sinh tinh theo diu ngudi
t9i tCmg giai dogn phdt tri^n cOa dja
phucmg, ch^ng h^n hi0n nay cd th€ Id
7,5 m^ cho mSi cdng nhdn don thdn d
trp vd 9 m^ cho m5i ngudi trong hd gia
dinh. Gidi hgn dd ddn din s6 dupe ndng
I6n khi kinh tg phdt tri^n hon.

Ngodi v5n d^ di^n tich thi cdn cd mOt
sd ySu td khdc tdc ddng d^n gid nhd,
nhu sd ting khdng nhi^u (khodng 3 - 5

ting) ndn khdng cdn thang mdy vd n^n
mdng cOng khdng philc tgp; dp dung
cdng ngh§ xdy dyng tifen ti^n, si> dyng
vat lieu hodn thien vd trang bi di$n nude
don giin; d i t do chlnh quy^n cap vdi
gid khuygn khich. Cdn hO gid r6 khdc
cdn hd can hd cao cdp ve ki^n triic cdn
hd, ve vgt li$u hodn thi$n vd trang thigt
b| b&n trong, cdn ki^n true bdn ngodi
cua Chung cu vdn phdi d^p d^ ddm bdo
my quanddthi.

K H A I N l f M N H A 6 XA H O I - N H A 0
THU NHAP THAP 6 VIETNAM

Nli.'i 0 xa hoi (iLjpc nf'U tiong lu3l
"lai liiCn nha 6 :
hOi duoc Nh,"! nu6c khuy6i khlch nhu
m i f n tiCn su dgng da'l, li^n Ihufi d.ll,
<i>cluoc miE^n g\^m cSc khoan thui? lien </i>
<i>lupng duoc Ihuc nha \t </i>
nhlrng ngudi Ihu nh^p lh.1i> IhuOc dien
c i n ho, cong chiic, v i t n chile, sr quan.

luy LU5I Nlia d da ban tii^nh tCf nam
2005 nhung -1 n3m sau moi c6 mOI sfi
van ban phap quy vi* nha o xa hOi, cdn
Iftn (|yi nli,"i o x,T hOi Iioncj tdc van b.1n
phap quy dudi lu^t l^i cluoc doi Ihanh
nh^ 6 cho nh.'i Ihu nhap IhSp, khien

nliiiJu nguOi 13m tuong cO hai logi nhri
khac nhau.

Chi^n li/oc nhd o qudc gia d^n nSm
) vd lam nhin dCn nam 2030 duoc
Thu tuong Chinh phu ph& duyfit nam

<i>bo khi quy djnh lO 8 nhOm (\6i tuong </i>
<i>chinh 5dch xO liOi <]0p klio khan v& nhA </i>
0. khong du kha nang thanh loan theo
CO chi? thi tmong sC? dugc t5p liung. uu
tien giai quyc^t chO 6, bao gdmi Ngudi
cd cOng vOi Cdch many; cSt hO ngh^o

i: nqudi cd

hue, van nghe sy,- nha o ch
(udn nhdn chuyen nghiep ihui
luong vu tiang nhdn dan; nhd
cong nhdn lao dOng tai cdc k l i i
nghiOp, cgm cOng nghiOp vd (
sd san xudt, d|ili vy ngodi khu
ngliiep; nhA u clui ^in' " '
<i>cdc trudng dgi lnjc, i </i>
cSp chuyOn r ' '
d cho cdc d-^i
ddc liiOl kh

binh hiiy binh ddn (nOn dinh
1.2, i ) , cung n l i u n h d o x d i K

iQ. t i n h n g h i a ) l d i i u l u i k h
, „ ^,uan ly lung tiing md cOn . v
-ki? tm cho mpl sO nguoi lot dgncj Inin

1 iiarih iiqFiM vu di^iui gOp
ilK.diaphuoi

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