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V A N DE QUAN TAM

<i>Nha dnong thon </i>

Dong bang song CQu Long

<b>XOA</b>

<b> VA</b>

<b> NAY </b>

B P G S TS NGUYiN MINH HOA - Truong khoa do Ihi hex va
Quan ly df) tin, liuoiiy UH KHXH ft Nhan van

Chi ddi chuc nam trudc, nha ngudi dan miet vUng ddng bang Sdng CL(U Long hau

het deu quay mat ra sdng, rach vdi mdt phan ehinh Ian ra sdng, phan phu gae len

bd. TU sau nhOng nam 2000, con Idc dd thj hda da lam thay ddi gan nhu toan bd bUc

tranh cu tru ctJa ngudi dan miet nay. Md hinh nha d cho nhOng ngudi dan noi day

sao eho vUa dam bao an toan, vUa tan dung duoc ca, tdm sdng nude truyen thdng

van cdn la mdt dau cham hdi gili den cac chuyen gia.

KHONG GIAN CU TRU TRUYEN

THONG CUA NGUOI DAN NAM BO

Trpng bai viet nay tac gia khdng ban
nhieu den kieu nha d , bdi ndi cho ciing kieu
nha d truyen thdng d u o c xay dung kien cd
cd phan chac chan cua ngudi Viet vung
Ddng Nam Bo hay mien ddng bang sdng
Ciru Long chi ia nhung bien the cua kieu
nha ba gian bai chai cua ngudi Viet Bac Bp
ma ngudi di e u tir phia Bac mang vao Nam
qua nhung thdi diem ijch sir khac nhau. S u
khac nhau ciia ngudi dan Nam Bp so vdi

Bac Bd va Trung Bo chu yeu la d each chon
dja diem c u trii, td chirc khdng gian sdng
cua mdt q u i n c u va td chirc khdng gian
ben trong, ben ngoai ngdi nha cua mdi ho
gia dinh.

Neu d khu vuc ddng bang va trung du
Bac Bo ngudi ndng dan sdng trong nhung
lang xdm cd quy md nhd d u a c khep kin
ben trong nhirng luy tre lang vay xung
quanh, khoang each giua lang nay vdi lang
khac chinh ia nhung canh ddng lua. Mdi ho
gia dinh thudng sdng trong mdt can nha
chinh tuy theo kha nang kinh te ma cd mot
gian hai chai, ba gian hai chai, va mot nha
ngang phu ia bep, ehuong bd, bao xung
quanh khudn vien nha ia mot hang rao

<i>uoc le bang hang cay che xanh luu nien, </i>

ram but, x u o n g rdng, d rd. phia trudc nha
t h u d n g trdng eau edn phia san sau trdng
chudi. Md hinh truyen thdng nay ngay nay
da thay ddi rat nhieu sau khi Ian sdng dd
thj hoa tran ve ndng thdn, thay eho nhung
khudn vien nha la nhung day nha hinh dng
nam dm sat mat d u d n g , khdng gian yen
tTnh va tho mdng ciia ndng thdn Bac Bd bi

bam nat bdi phong trao "xe tbjf d i t rudng,

phan Id ban nen.

Cach nay chirng 15 - 20 nam ve trudc,
d mien Tay Nam Bd, p h i n Idn ngudi ndng
dan khdng sdng co cum lai thanh diem dan
c u tap trung nhu d ddng bang Bac Bp ma
hp sdng rai rac bam thep doc cac kenh rach
binh thanh nen kieu c u tru theo '1uyen va
dai". Mdt sd khac nira thi sdng rat thua va
phan tan trong cac canh rung cham, d u d e ,
d tren cac cu lao nhu cu lao Cham va cac
ddng bung n h u Ddng Thap M u d i , rirng U
Minh. Kieu e u tru mang dam tinh chat sdng
nude nay d u o c phan anh rat sinh ddng
trong eae tac pham cua nha van Doan Gidi,
Son Nam, Nguyen Ngoc T u . Ngudi dan d
miet nay sinh ra, Idn len, dung vp ga chdng,
sinh ccn de cai va chet di deu g i n bd vdi
sdng nude. Sdng nude mang den eho hp
ngudn sinh sdng, s u di lai va moi dieu kien
sinh boat. Hp mua ban tren sdng tao ra mdt
loai chp ndi ddc dap. Hp vui ehpi vdi d d n ca
tai tir tren sdng va ngudi chet d u o e gae len
cay vao mua mua.

Dpi chuc nam ve trudc, h i u bet nha dan
miet ddng bang sdng Ciru Long deu quay
mat ra sdng, rach tap nen cai ma ngay nay
goi la van boa mat tien. Nha d u o c chia lam
hai p h i n thi mdt phan l i n ra sdng, mdt phan

gae len b d . Dieu la la p h i n l i n ra sdng la
p h i n ehinh cho du xay dung khdng kien cd
cdn p h i n gae len b d lai la p h i n phu. Phan
lam ndi tren sdng d u o c lam bang loai cay
s i n cd d quanh khu vuc n h u cham, d u d e ,
dtra nude, binh bat. Chung d u o c ddng
thanh vat va gae tren cac tru gd (sau nay
la bang tru be tdng). P h i n nay la noi dien

ra cac sinh boat thudng xuyen cua gia dinh
n h u nau an, tam giat, ve sinh, chan nudi va
cdn la noi tiep khach than tinh, phan phu
gae len d i t lien t h u d n g la noi de ban thd
dng ba va chd ngu cua eon tre. Goi la hang
xdm gan gui nhung cung each nhau hang
tram met, tham chi hang cay sd mdi cd
mdt vai nha khac. Hang tram nam troi qua
n h u the, ngudi dan Nam Bd sdng rat hien
hoa vdi sdng n u d e mot each t u nhien. Ho
khdng cd khai niem thich nghi, thuy Ipi, dieu
tiet hay de bae ngan IQ, n u d e dang cac vao
mua IQ thi len thuyen t h i trdi, nude xudng
thi quay ve nha, nhieu gia dinh khi ve tai nha
cung ddng nghTa vdi viec eat mdt chai nha
mdi bdi nha cu da bi cudn trdi. Mdi l i n vao
mua n u d e len ed vat va, mat mat ve ngudi
nhung cQng lai la c o hpi sdng tdt, dat ed
them phu sa, sdng dam cc them nhieu ca
tdm va rac rudi sau ray bj cudn thee con
n u d e ra bien. Nhung tir sau nam 2000 trd

ve day, c o n idc dd thi boa va phat trien cdng
nghiep da lam thay ddi g i n n h u toan bd
btrc tranh e u tru cua ngudi dan miet sdng
n u d e nay.

NHUNG KHONG GIAN CU TRU PHI

TRUYEN THONG

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phd va c u tru diem dan e u tap trung chdng
IQ (Ipai hinh nay se d u p e de cap den mdt
djp khac). N h u da ndi, t u sau nam 2000
hinh thai c u tru ma ngudi ndng dan sdng
doc theo kenh rach d u d n g n h u khdng cdn
nhieu nii-a, cho den nay kieu c u tru nay
giam xudng r i t nhanh, tham ehi vung ngoai
6 eiia C i n T h o , Ben Tre, Vj Thanh da khdng
edn thay. N g u d i dan t u chd quay mat ra
sdng n u d e thi nay quay ra mat ra d u d n g
16, x u i t hien kieu c u tru "mat tien qudc Id".
Hp dd xp ra mat d u d n g mua d i t lam nha
due cap tang, mai b i n g hinh dng hoac nha
tret hinh dng mai tdn de hinh thanh nen cac
day phd lien tuc vai chye can gidng n h u
eae thanh phd, thj xa khac ciia Viet Nam.
Nhung ngudi cd d i t rudng nha chi viec cat
dat xay c i t , ngudi chua cd thi mua Id d i t cd
chieu rdng 4m cdn chieu dai thi het tam (dat
ban chi tinh chieu ngang cdn chieu dai tinh
het thira). Loai nha nay hien nay cd khap
ddng bang sdng Ciru Long, true d u d n g

nao cung ed tu- qudc id den tinh id, huyen 16
va huong Id ( d u d n g cap xa). Vay ly do nao
ma ngudi dan tir bd mdt kieu c u tru sdng
nude n h u the?

Od chinh la bdi nha mat tien sdng nay
qua nguy hiem. Trudc day ngudi dan xir
nay dung xucng ba la (ccn gpi la ghe tam
ban) chep tay de lam p h u a n g tien di lai.

Ve sau thuyen c h d hang cd Idn hon ddi
chut nhung cQng chep tay. Sau nhung nam
1970 x u i t hien Ipai xudng chay bang may
dudi tdm cd ma luc nhd nen sdng em dem.
Hien nay mdi ngay co hang tram ca nd, xa
Ian, t i u Idn ngupc xudi c h d hang hpa tao
nen nhung dpt sdng idn va dap manh vao
hai b d khien ehp cac nha lam bang vat lieu
nhe khdng try d u p e . Tieng dn ap nao nhiet
cua ghe thuyen chay sudt ngay dem khien
cho c u dan khd Idng try lai.

Doc theo nhirng con sdng Idn xuat hien
ngay cang nhieu cac nha may khu cdng
nghiep, nha bang, khach san, cac khu
dan c u . Cac chu d i u t u cho ke b d bang
da, dd dat Ian chiem mat n u d e nham m d
rdng dien tich sir dung. Tat ca nhung hanh
ddng l i n chiem, be tdng hoa dd lam thay
ddi ddng chay cua sdng khien cho b d sdng

bj sat Id nghiem trong. T i t ca cac eon sdng,
kenh eua ddng bang sdng Cuu Long deu
cd hien t u p n g sat Id lam cho hang nghin
can nha bj trdi sdng. Nhieu con sdng n h u
sdng Tien, Sdng hau bj mat hang km chieu
dai b d sdng va an sau vap hang tram met.
Hien t u p n g nay d u p e cci la mdt trong sd
nhtrng nguy c o nghiem trong nhat de doa
den dan sinh, do vay ma ngudi dan bd b d
<i>di cu di nai khac. </i>

Mot nguyen nhan nua la mire do d n h i l m
mdi trudng cua sdng rach v u o t qua mire
chju d u n g . H i u n h u tat ca cac con sdng
deu "chet" va "thuong tich". Ngudi dan chi
c i n nhin mau cua sdng la biet ngay hai ben
b d khue sdng dd cd nhtrng loai hinh san
xuat gi. Cac nha hang, khach san, khu cdng
nghiep thai t h i n g nude thai khdng qua xir ly
ra sdng rach lam cho sdng bde mui hdi thdi
va cd mau den kjt. Hang tram nha may che
bien ca tra, ca basa x u i t k h i u thai ra sdng
hang nghin met khdi nude mdi ngay khien
cho nhung khue sdng dd 16m tanh t u d i . Va
ca nhung doan sdng day ngap m d ca mau
vang, ddng vang day ca t i c lam cho ngudi
dan sdng hai ben b d chju khdng t h i u . . .

Chinh vi nhD-ng ly do tren ma Idi c u tru
truyen thdng da tdn tai hang tram nam

khdng cdn c p s d de tdn tai nira, dau cd
tide nhung cQng phai danh idng. Trong cac
h6i nghj gan day Ban ehi dao Tay Nam
Bp va lanh dap cac tinh thanh len tieng de
nghj eae kien true s u , eae nha quy hcach
nghien ciru de x u i t cac giai phap tim ra loai
hinh nha d va c u tru phu hpp cho mien Tay
Nam Bd sao cho dam bao hai hoa giQ-a Idi
sdng hien dai vua gitr d u o c Idi c u tru truyen
thdng sdng nude.

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