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62

<i>Nghien curu Ton giao. Sd6 - 2009 </i>

<i><b>MOT HO U ) HOI P H A T GIAO OOIVG NAM^ A </b></i>

Q

ua trinh tham nhap tfl tfldng Phat
giad vad le hgi dan gian Ddng Nam
A dien ra ben bi lau dai, nhflng g i n nhfl
khong cd xung dot ve he y thflc. Ce dfldc
k e : qua dd, trfldc het la dd ban chat mdi
Idai hinh tdn giao deu da hfldng tdi khai
thac the gidi tam linh con ngfldi, giup con
ngfldi li giai nhflng hien tfldng sieu
nhien, an ui nei bat hanh cua tflng sd
phan ma khi ay trinh do khoa hgc ki
thuat chfla phat trien, van hda xa hdi cdn
au tri.

Tuy bieu tfldng van hda tam linh cd
khac An Do giao, nhflng vdi muc dich
bfldng thien, giao due con ngfldi sd'ng tfl
giac nhan thflc chinh ban than minh va
the gidi xung quanh, nen Phat giao thu
hflt dfldc ddng d i o quan chung. Ndi
chung, vai trd cua Phat giao trong ddi
sd'ng van hda le hdi dan gian la tfldng ddi
thd'ng nha't ve ndi dung c i m hda va hinh
thflc bieu hien theo nhip dieu thdi gian
cua Phat lich. Phat giad da truyen vad
cac tieu vfldng qud'c Ddng Nam A thdi
trung cd kha sdm. Cac nha nfldc phong
kien phan lap da tflng nang Phat giao

thanh qudc giao. The che hda nhflng net
dep van hda vd'n da sinh sdi nay nd trong
ddi sd'ng van hda tam Iinh, da tao ra
nhflng bflde phat trien riic rd cua Phat
giao. Dfl da trai qua nhieu bien cd lich sii,
le hgi Phat giao van tdn tai vd trd thanh
nhu c i u hfldng thu van hda khdng the
thieu cua h i u bet nhan dan lao ddng.

TRl-ONG SY HUNG'*'
O cac nfldc Dong Nam A luc dia, Nep
sd'ng theo tfl tfldng Phat giao bieu hien
tfldng ddi thd'ng nhat vdi nhau trong le
hdi nong nghiep. Tfldng flng vdi ngay
sinh cua Dflc Phat, tfl d i u thang Tfl den
ngay 15 (theo am lich) dfldng nhfl ca
vung Deng Nam A deu rdn len khdng khi
nad nhiet ciia le hgi mang tinh qud'c gia.

O Viet Nam trfldc khi cd sfl thong nhat
lay ngay 15 thang Tfl td chflc le hgi, cac
pbat tfl thfldng de'n chfla dang boa le
Phat vao ngay 8 thang Tfl va ggi la ngay
<i>"But sinh cd de". Theo nghi le truyen </i>
thd'ng, ngay tfl nhflng ngay d i u thang,
ta't ca cac tang ni, phat tii deu nhd ngay
Phat dan sap den. Ai ai cung lo sam siia
dd cung chay tinh, hfldng mdi, hoa tfldi
qua dep... ddi ngay hgi le den chua lang le
Phat. 0 cac thanh phd', dd thi nhieu ndi,

cac kieu rflde tfldng Pbat luc mdi ra ddi ci
tfl the dflng thang, hai tay an quyet, tay
trai chi len trdi, tay phai cbi xud'ng da't.
Sau le rfldc Pbat, cac nha sfl dgc kinh cau
Phat ban cho phflc lanh. ; • • :i:

Dae biet, dflc Phat Man Nfldng d chfla
Dau dfldc kinh sach ghi lai la sinh ngay 8
thang 4 hien van dfldc tdn kinh, tin nghia.
<i>Kinh Co Chdu Phdt bdn hgnh da viet: </i>

<i>Ddi Hdn Linh De hien ra </i>

<i>Phdt sinh xudt thi, thiin hg phong lifu </i>
<i>Viet Nam ddt, hieu Giao Chdu </i>

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<i>Nhin xem cdnh udt dia ddu sdn </i>
<i>xuyin'^^ </i>

T r o n g be thd'ng le hdi cac chfla Tfl
P h a p , le t a m P h a t r a t dfldc p h a t tfl c i n
trgng. Ce t h e ndi, hgi c h u a D a u la le hdi
tdn giao k e t hdp ca ki n i e m n g a y s i n h cua
Dflc P h a t Thich Ca va Dflc P h a t M a n
Nfldng vdi le cau mfla ldn nha't d v u n g
ddng b a n g Bac Bg Viet N a m . Su tich Dflc
P h a t M a n Nfldng d a dfldc sach L i n h N a m
chich quai ghi lai tfl t h e ki XV. Di n h i e n
la t r o n g d a n g i a n d mdi ndi v a n cd nhieu
di b a n k h a c di c h u t it. Xin tdm Ifldc nhfl

sau: "Man Nfldng la con gai dng Tu Dinh,
vao c h u a L i n h Q u a n g xin hgc P h a t . Sfl
K h a u Da La t r u tri d c h u a thfldng di
t h u y e t p h a p d xa, n h i e u I i n trd ve chua
vao luc dem k h u y a . M a n Nfldng hay ngu
quen n e n cd h d m r a cfla n a m ddn t h i y .
Mgt hdm, sfl K h a u Da La vd tinh bflde
qua ngfldi M a n Nfldng n e n M a n Nfldng cd
thai, bd c h u a ve n h a de. C h a me dudi
Man Nfldng. M a n Nfldng vao rflng, dflng
<i>am cd d ddi n g a y s i n h con. S i n h con xong, </i>
Man Nfldng be eon de'n chfla t r a sfl. Sfl
d a t dfla trtJ vao gd'c cay d a u (dan lang
Man Xa d T h u a n T h a n h , B i c N i n h kieng
<i>ten buy, ndi chech la du), cay bong nflt </i>
t h a n , chfla r a mdt. k h o a n g t r d n g de dfla
tre n i m Igt vao gifla rdi k h e p lai. May
nam sau, mgt cdn mfla bao ldn lam dd
cay. Cay troi t h e o ddng nfldc de'n Luy Lau
thi dflng lai. Si N h i e p cho ngfldi k e e cay
gd thi k h o n g ai keo dfldc. Khi M a n Nfldng
(ten ndi, t u n g dai y e m r a keo t h i cay gd
nhe n h a n g len bd. Tha'y sfl la, d a n l a n g
cho c i t cay gd l a m bdn d o a n de tac tfldng
thd. Pho tfldng thfl nha't vfla tao xong thi
may den v i n vfl d a y trdi n e n d a t ten la
P h a p Van. P h o thfl h a i tac xong thi trdi
(id mfla i m i m n e n d a t ten la P h a p Vfl.
Pho tfldng thfl ba t a c xong thi sa'm ndi

d u n g dflng n e n d a t ten la P h a p Ldi. Pho
tfldng thfl t u tac xong thi chdp Ifla loang
loang n e n d a t la P h a p Dien.

Bd'n pho tUdng P h a p Van, P h a p Vu,
P h a p Ldi, P h a p Dien tac xong dinh dUa
vao bdn c h u a d q u a n h v u n g de thd nhflng
k h o n g ai k h i e n g len dUdc. M a n NUdng
biet la k b i cUa go, dUa be hda da d p h i n
giUa cay bi n h d m thd day xuong sdng. Ba
vdt len dem ve c h u a ggi la T h a c h Q u a n g .
Luc ay, d a n l a n g mdi k h i e n g ndi tUdng ve
cac chfla T h i e n D i n h (tfle c h u a Dau),
T h a n h Diio, P h i Trfldng va Tri Qua.
Tfldng t r u y e n , k h i M a n Nfldng bd chua ve
n h a , sfl K h a u Da La cd dfla cho mgt cay
gay. Cay gay cd p h e p la neu cam gay
xudng da't thi cd nfldc t r a o len. Gap k h i
h a n b a n , M a n Nfldng lay gay cam xud'ng
d a t la'y nfldc dem lai nguon sd'ng cho mgi
ngfldi. Cd ndi ke la "sfl K h a u Da La niem
chu, hd phong d i o vu" thi trdi mUa.

Tuy n h i e u Idp van hda d a n xen nhU
the, tiiu t r u n g tich P h a t M a n NUdng va
TU P h a p t r o n g le hgi chUa Dau van t a p
t r u n g chu de c i u mUa, n a n g cho cay cdi
x a n h tUdi, con ngUdi s m h sdi nay nd. d
v u n g Kinh Bac cd m a y cau ca:

<i>Mong tdm thdng Tu khong mi/a </i>
<i>Bo cd cdy biia md udt lua di </i>
<i>Ngdy tdm thdng Tii cd miia </i>
<i>Me con di sdm ui tri/a nggi gi. </i>

Hoac:

<i>Ml/a ngdy mdng tdm thdng Tii </i>
<i>But con de niia id sii lo gi'' </i>

TbUc ra, le hdi chua Dau khai hdi tfl
ngay 6 d ca bd'n ndi thd chinh tai B i c N m h .

<i>1. Vien Nghien ciiu Han Nom. Di vdn chua Dau. </i>
Nxb Khoa hoc xa hoi. H. 1997.

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64

<i>Nghien curu Ton giao. Sd6 - 2009 </i>

Ca vflng ddng bang Bac Bd da nhan rdng
le hgi bang each dflng them chua thd
Phat Tfl Phap.

Sfl tich dflc Phat Xanden va Mathi
trong le hgi Phavet cua Lao cung cho
tha'y hai vi Phat d day cung la Phat ban
dia. Le hgi Phavet va le hgi chua Dau deu
dien ra trong thang Tfl. Rd rang la mdi
nfldc deu da cd Phat ban dia ra ddi. Phat
Man Nfldng d hdi chua Dau thuan tuy
nhap the cbi nfldng theo phep m i u do sfl

Kliau Da La cbi giao, cdn Phat Xandon va
Mathi cua Lao thi dflgc ca ngdi d cdng dflc
bd thi. Le hgi Phavet la cd da'u an cua
than An D(i giao, le hgi chfla Dau cd dau
an cua Than cay.

Loiii hinh le hdi thfl hai cd lien quan
de'n "Banh xe phap luan" trong dao Phat
d Ddng Nam A cung rat phong phu. Tuy
nhien, cac le hgi dan gian dd khdng phuc
dflng lai nhflng bflde dfldng dflc Phat di
thuye't phap. Mdi le hdi cu the gan lien
vdi mdt vi dflc Phat mdi nao dd da dfldc
cfl dan suy tdn. Vi la Phat ban dia nen vi
nao cung mang dau an t h i n linh, cd
ngudn goc dja phfldng.

Hdn dau bet, tfldng Phat d chua Keo.
Thai Binh, nhfl mgt bao tang my thuat
Phat giao. Ggi la chua Keo vi chfla lam d
ap Keo cU. Thiic te day la mgt quan the di
tich bao gdm mdt chua thd Phat va mgt
den thd thanh du'dc kien true rat dac biet.
mdt mat tdn sflng dao Phat den mflc dien
hinh d Viet Nam, met mat rat de cao dflc
thanh Khdng Ld cflng da trd thanh vi
Phiit ban dia. Mgi thu tuc nghi le cung
bat khdng phan biet trong ngay hdi, trong
cac ngay sdc vgng.

Lt"' hgi chfla Keo dfldc to chflc mdi nam
hai bin. Lin thfl nha't dien ra trgn mdt
ngii\- viio (lip sau ttil Nguyen dan. ngay 4

thang Gieng. Dan lang tap trung ve chua
lam le dang cung d i y du; "dang, tra,
hfldng, hoa, qua, thflc" va xm phep thanh
Phat cho tie'n hanh hdi xuan dau nam.
Hdi xuan d i u nam d chua Ked thflc chat
la le hdi c i u may, xin Phat t h a n h phfl hg
cho dan dfldc cdm no ao am. xm thanh
giup sflc bang phep la cho trdi mfla gid
thuan hda, cho mfla vu boi thu va chan
nudi phat trien.

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nhd t u n g ra. keo t h e o la phfldn cd ddng
chfl "Thien b a t h a i binh, p h o n g d a n g hda
coc . . '

L a n thfl b a i d i i n r a vao t h a n g 9, cflng
cd m a t du t a m giap. K h d n g k h i l i hdi rdn
len tfl ngay 10. Cac p h a t tfl, t a n g ni cflng
lo lau rfla, t u c h i n h dd thd, t i m tfldng va
thay ao tfldng t h a n h . Ngay 11, dflng cd
dai. cfl bd'n mfldi hai c h a n g t r a i tre
khieng kieu. Cac giap lo hdi t h u y e n bdi
t r i i xud'ng sdng.

Ngay 13, l i hgi c h i n h thflc. L i P h a t ci
trong chfla do m d t vai cu c h a m lo, Hgi thi

bdi chai dien r a r d n r a n g t r e n mdt k h u c
song k h o a n g n a m cay so'. T r a i t h a n h gai
tu, ngfldi gia, t r e em nd nflc reo hd cd vfl.
Cugc vui khde keo dai sud't b a n g a y hdi.
Cac bac Nho lao t a p t r u n g tai chfla thi
viet va dgc v a n te' t h e o chu de "Luc
cung""". Budi tdi, ta't ca nhflng ngfldi
khieng kieu, c i m cd, mtac ddng va chflc
sac deu vao trfldc b a n thd t h a n h , lc c i u
an. Ngoai s a n c h u a hdi thi d a n h trdng.
thdi ken v a n g dgi. 12 gid dem, chfl hdi
lam le cung egt cd phfldn.

Ngay 14, s a u le d a n g bfldng, d a m rfldc
bat d i u dieu h a n h . Di d i u d a m rfldc la
ddi ngfla gd cd b a n h xe keo, rdi den t a m
la cd ngu sac b a t biiu di trfldc kieu t h a n h .
Ben c a n h k i e u t h a n h cd mdt t h u y e n rdng
va mgt chiec nfla n h d hdn d a t t r e n gia
tieu dinh va t a m t r e mtac ddng di theo. Dd
la bieu tfldng dien lai t h a n t h e . sti n g h i e p
cua Tbien sfl K h d n g Ld. Gifla chiing
dfldng di cua d a m rfldc cdn cd h i n h a n h
ba C h a n g theo K h d n g Ld len trdi b a n ca.
cung sail con rdi gd k h a c ddn chao. O ao
chua cung luc cd mdt con t h u y e n chd t a m
dfla tre te c h i n h t r o n g t r a n g phtac le hgi
dang bdi q u a n h cflng la phii c a n h dien lai
cugc ddi cbiii Ifldi khi T h i e n sfl Khdng Ld

chfla xua't gia di tu. Chieu 14. trudc ban
thd t h a n h cd dieu m u a tdn giao "ech vd"
do mUdi h a i "chan kieu" (ngUdi k h i e n g
kieu) bieu dien.

Ngay 15. ket t h u c hgi v i n dien lai le
d a n g cung. Tai tda gia roi lai cd le cheo
t r a i can h i u t h a n h .

Le hgi chfla L a n g va le hdi chfla T h a y
(Ha Ndi) la mdt hien tflgng t a m li tdn
giao gid'ng n h u le hot chfla Keo. T h i e n sfl
Tfl Dao H a n h dflgc phdi thd cflng Dflc
P h a t Thich Ca va ca he t h o n g cac vi P h a t
k h a c , dfldc coi la l m h hdn chu ye'u d hai l i
hdi nay.

<i>^, La bac t h i y cua T h i e n sfl M i n h Khdng, </i>

T h i e n sfl Tfl Dao H a n h trfldc khi x u a t gia
t u h a n h d a hgc dao tu tien. Sfl cu cho biet
la trfldc khi di tu. Tfl Dao H a n h cd the
d a n h la Tfl Ld. C h a Tfl Ld la Tfl Vinh lam
q u a n t r i e u Ly hi p h a p sfl Dai Dien chem
lam ba m a n h . Cd cau n g a n ngfl: "Lang
Mgc thd d i u , Lu C i u thd c h a n . P h a p Van
thd m i n h " ghi nhd a n miing k h u n g khiep
nay. Tfl V m h nudi chi phuc t h u cho cha,
nen c u n g M i n h Khdng, Giac Hai tim
d u d n g s a n g Tay T h i e n (?) hgc dao. Khi

dao p h a p da m i u n h i e m , Tfl Ld "nem gay
xudng song thi gay n h i y ngfldc ddng" den
c i u T a y Dfldng, gay dflng lai. Tfl Ld tim
den n h a Dai Dien, giet chet kt? thfl rdi
den nfli Sai t u h a n h , hai la rflng lam
thudc chfla b e n h cho dan, day dan m u a
h a t va l a m trd mfla rdi. Cdng dflc, tai
d a n h Tfl Dao H a n h ndi tieng. Sau, sU d i u
t h a i vao n h a Sflng Hien h i u , chinh la
v u a Ly T h i n Tdng. Nhieu chfla due tflgng
thien sfl Tfl Dao H a n h phdi thd vdi tfldng

Pbat.

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<b>66 </b>

<i>Nghien cuu Ton giao. Sd6 - 2009 </i>

Tfl sfl tich tren day, le hgi Phat giad

Viet Nam da cfl h a n h g i n nhfl "dien lai"
ca sfl nghiep cua Thien sfl Tfl Dad Hanh
d chua Lang va chua Thiy. Ca hai le hgi
deu dien ra vao ngay 7 thang 3 am lich
-ngay Thien sfl "hda Phat". Trfldc nam
1945, hgi chfla Lang keo dai g i n nhfl het
nfla thang 3. Dam rfldc vdi d i y du kieu
thanh, bat bao, cd Phat, cd ngu sac... khdi
hanh tfl chfla Lang sang ngay 5 len chua
Nen - nen nha dng ba Tfl Vinh - le cha
me. Chieu, dam rfldc quay ve chua Lang.
Sang ngay 6, dam rUdc tfl chua Lang len
den Tam Huyen - ndi thd rieng Tfl Dad

Hanh, rdi lai ve chfla Lang. Sang ngay 7,
sau ba hdi trdng lenh, dam rfldc ra khdi
tam quan chfla Lang, chd kieu cua mdt so'
lang ve gdp hgi, rdi lgi qua sdng Td d cdng
Cdt, de'n chua Due thi dflng lai (tri kieu).
Cac loai phao thi nhau nd cung tieng
chieng trdng rdn len - tfldng truyen la
cugc chien giet Dai Dien d day. Chflng
mia gid sau. c i dam rfldc ve chfla Hoa
Lang - ndi me thanh tu hanh - tam nghi,
xong cac le ttac bao an, dam rfldc trd ve
chfla Lang'". Kinh Vu Ian cd cau:

<i>Cong diidng due thdm dn doc trd </i>
<i>Nghia sinh thdnh dgo cd mong den. </i>
<i>Ldm con hieu hgnh ui tien. </i>

<i>Ben dung tue nhdn di/di trin kii'm </i>
<i>tim^'^ </i>

Cugc ddi ciia Thien sfl Tfl Dao Hanh cd
hai chang dfldng ro rang. Khi chfla xua't
gia thi tu luyen dao phap de tra thu cho
cha. Khi theo Phat thi tfl bd mgi ham
mud'n, nghiep Iflc ddn vao tfl thien, lam
cdng dflc, noi gfldng Dflc Pbat Thich Ca
de truyen phap, giang dao. Cdng trang
cua Thien sfl dfldc dan ghi nhd. Hgi chfla
Thiy dien ra trung vdi hgi chfla Lang
nhflng khac ve hinh thflc. Mac dfl ngay

chinh hdi la ngay 7 thang 3. nhu'ng thiic
te khdng khi le bgi da day len tfl ngay
d i u thang. Cac tang ni. phat tfl tfl khap
ndi te tiiu ve chfla dfl le t i m Phat, Nfldc
thdm da c h u i n bi san. nha sfl lam le "ha
tflgng" ra ban gd, tham fldt khan lau va
lau rfla tflng chi tie't trong tfl the nghiem
cin. Tang ni, phat tfl cd mat xung quanh
tfldng lam ram dgc kinh, mem Phat. chap
tay cung kinh. Nfldc tam Phat dfldc nha
sU vay nhe len khap ndi, len ngUdi den
hdi de dUdc phuc lgc, de phdng tai hga.
Khan tam Phat xe vun thanh manh nhd
chia chd mgi ngfldi mang ve nha bd vao
nfldc tam hoac deo bua cho tre nhd de
phdng benh mfla gid.

Sau khi an vi tfldng Phat, trfldc ban
thd Phat dien ra le "chay dan" do cac nha
sfl thflc hien. Dieu mua tdn giao ddn dieu,
cac nha sfl chi Ifldn vdng trdn nhd trfldc
ban thd Phat, vdi cay gay hoa tren tay,
dgng tac bieu dien la cac bflde di theo
tang bac nhfl tren dfldng Dflc Phat tim
hgc dao.

Budi tdi, mat nfldc thuy dinh trfldc cfla
chfla xdn xao, nao ddng bdi cac tich trd
cua cac phfldng mfla rdi. Mfla rdi nfldc

trong le bdi chua T h i y dien lai eac tich
trd si, ndng, cdng, thfldng la bieu thi ciu
mfla, xin dflc Phat ban cho mfla nang
thuan ldi, cho dan chflng lam an thinh
<i>vfldng. Trich doan truyen Thach Sanh, </i>
<i>Tdm Cdm \a truyen thd vdi ngi dung </i>
Phat giao "Gieo thien dfldc thien", "Ac gia
ac bao". Md d i u chfldng trinh mua rdi
nfldc, chu Teu ngd nghinh dot mgt trang
phao vung vay khap mat nfldc. Hinh anh
dd ta thflc hdn dau he't canh trdi (mat trdi,

<i>4. Trirong Sy Hung. Siich chu Norn ma\ sirii tam nam </i>
2000 tai Ha Noi (chira xuai ban. liru tai Mai Linh ihir
trang).

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sam set) nfldc giao hda, gifla mdt vflng
ddng b a n g cd sfl la'n den cua day nui tha'p
Sai Sdn.

Diem xuye't b a le hgi P h a t giao Viet
Nam thi tha'y, k h i P b a t giao d a ngfl tri
trong ddi sd'ng t a m l i n h ngfldi Viet, ngfldi
Viet da c h a t lgc t i n h hoa giao li, n a m b a t
tfl tfldng cd b a n cua P h a t hgc va tdn P h a t
cac thien sfl b a n dia da giac ngd. M a t
khac, cac nghi thflc td chflc le hgi da tai
dien cac cfl chi h a n h ddng luc trta the cua
dflc P h a t . Tin ngUdng phdn thflc dfldc
long ghep te nhi t r o n g le hdi P h a t giao ;

<i>Gdi chiia chong din hang Cdc Cd </i>
<i>Trai chiia ud nhif hoi chua Thdy. </i>

Cac le hgi P h a t giao k h a c nhfl: Hdi
chua Hfldng, hdi chfla Q u y n h Lam, hgi
chfla Yen Tfl... deu cd xu hfldng phdi thd
cac linh tfldng P b a t giao An Do, P h a t giao
Trung Quo'c vdi P h a t giao Viet Nam d
mflc do k h a c n h a u . Le t h i gid'ng n h a u ,
song hdi mdi ndi mdt k i e u va mtac dich
c i u may, du x u a n la trdi hdn ca.

Ngay hgi t o a n qud'c ldn n h a t d
M y a n m a la T h i g y a n P w e (Hdi nfltic) da
gifl lai n g u d n gd'c An Do giao bdi sfl tich
va h a n h ddng hdi, nhflng t r o n g ca quy
trinh td chflc hdi thi tuc rfldc nfldc t a m
lUdng P h a t , ddi nUdc len chfla chflc sflc
khde an l a n h cho cac n h a sfl v a n gdi len
vai tro q u a n t r g n g cua P h a t giao. Sfl d
chua van tin k i n h ca cac tu si An Do giao
tien bdi, van xem bdi, chiem tinh, lay la
so' tfl vi va tin la cd Nggc h o a n g Thfldng
de. Cd ndi, trfldc khi td chflc hdi nfldc.
nha sfl bdi xem n g a y dd Nggc h o a n g se
xud'ng dti le bao n h i e u n g a y thi se a'n
dinh so ngay tbtic h a n h le hdi. Vao d u n g
ngay gid dd, d a n chflng dot p h a o v a n g
ren, t a t ca moi n h a deu md cfla chad ddn,

ai nay deu bflde r a du'dng lang ngd xdm.
hai t a y bUng mgt b i n h nUdc d i y . cd tha
<i>mgt vai la tha bye. K h a n vai Trdi. P h a t </i>
xong, b i n h nUde dUdc dd xud'ng dat. chi
k h i lam xong viec c i n thie't nha't dd. mgi
ngUdi mdi cam tha'y yen t a m . vui ve di dii
hdi. T r o n g sud't thdi gian hdi, trai gai
t h a n h n i e n te nUdc chuc mflng n h a u .
Ngfldi gia vao c h u a t u n g k i n h hoac ngdi
t h i e n . Ngay k e t thflc bdi, cd tuc con chau ;
ggi d i u t a m rfla cho dng ba. cha me, va
lam le p h d n g s m h b a n g each t h a chim
hoac ca.

Tin vao t i n h t h i e n g cua cay bd de - ndi
Dflc P h a t Thich Ca ngdi thien dinh va
giac ngd. ngfldi M y a n m a trdng cay nay d
ta't ca cac t a n g vien, chfla lang. Mdi n a m ,
vao dip r a m t h a n g Hai lich M y a n m a
( t h a n g 4 dfldng lich) cac p h a t tfl hu nd
nflc c h u a n bi nhflng binh nu'dc di tUdi cay
bd de, vao chfla le P h a t , cflng dfldng cac
n h a sfl.

Nhd n g a y sd c h u y e n p h a p l u a n cua
Dflc P h a t , n g a y r a m t h a n g "Waso" ( t h a n g
6) d M y a n m a cflng la ngay d a u tien cua
mfla an cfl kiet h a keo dai b e t ba t h a n g .
Cac sfl trta tri d c h u a khdng ai ra khdi

chfla m a p h a i tri t i m g kinh dien, tU tai
t h i e n dinh. Cac p h a t tfl tai gia va h a u bet
cac t a n g Idp d a n c h u n g c u n g bi am i n h
bdi y m e m "an cU" nen ngUdi ta cung b a n
che r a khdi n h a . N h i e u b o a t ddng xa hdi
dUdng n h u c u n g t a m ngflng. Khdng ai td
chflc cfldi xin t r o n g mfla le lang im. Cd le
duy nha't chi cd ngay d a u m u a le, cac
p h a t tfl t u t a p len c h u a d a n g ao ca sa cho
sfl.

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<b>68 </b>

<i>Nghien ciru Ton giao. Sd6 - 2009 </i>

khi trdi sang cua cac phat tfl Myanma

danh de dang tang cac pho tfldng,

Ngdai cac le hgi Phat giao tieu bieu
tren, Myanma cdn cd le hgi rieng cua
tflng chua d khap lang ban. Hinh nhfl day
la dip le hdi ki niem ngay mat cua cac bac
sU td d i u tien dflng ra dflng chfla sd tai.
Sau le cflng Phat tfldng niem cac bac sfl
td, cac trd chdi dan gian, hdi du quay dien
ra suet ngay. Dem den la dem vu hgi va
ca hat dan gian.

Tfl 13 de'n 15 thang Tfl, li hdi
Sddngkran (te nfldc) cua Thai Lan dien
ra rgng khap mien Bac; d mien Trung
cung ggi la Pimay nhu ngUdi Lao. Day la

dip ddn chad nam mdi cua ngUdi Thai.
Sang sdm ngay thfl nhat. mgi ngfldi Id viec
sam sfla le cung va dd an de dang len chfla
va bieu cha me, ong ba va nhflng ngfldi
cao tudi. Mgt so' thflc an ndng dfldc dflng
vad dng tre, nfla, rdi mgi ngfldi dem budc
vad canh cay ven dfldng de cflng bd thi cho
nhflng vong hdn vd chu. Hda lan khdng
khi tflng bflng cua ngay hdi. khap ndi
vang len tieng phad nd di dflng. Ngay thfl
hai cua le hgi. tat ca mgi ngfldi deu di le
, chfla, dl t r i y hdi gdp cat. Mdi gia dinh da
chuin bi san mdt tfli cat. hg mang den
xung quanh chua de dap nui. Tuc phdng
sinh cung dfldc thflc hien. Ngay thfl ba,
sau le dang thflc an cho sU d cac chfla. mgi
ngUdi cung nhau lay nUdc thieng (sompoi)
t i m tugng Phat. Khi cac bflc tfldng Phat
da dat yen vi nhfl cu thi hdi te nfldc chuc
mflng i i n nhau nao nhiet khap ndi.

Cac tuc le tfldng tfl trong li hdi
Sddngkran d Thai Lan cfl tien hanh tiep
thed trong hai, ba ngay nfla mdi ket thflc.
Cac vi sfl va nha chua hang nam deu
(juan tam chu dao den viec "bd tuc" kien
thflc phong tuc li hgi cho toan the cgng

<i>ddng cfl dan. • • ' ""'•^' '• </i>
"'-Hdi phao thang thien d Thai Lan cflng

dflgc td chflc sau bdi te nfldc chflng bdn
mdt thang. Cac nha sfl phia trach lam
phao. Le phong tieu cho cac chu be dfldc
ket hdp trong dip le hgi. Nhieu dieu hat
dan ca vang vang khap cac neo dfldng.

Dd quan niem loai ngfldi da di lai, lam
an nhieu ddi tren mat dat va nhflng ddng
song, da lam ma't di nhflng da'u chan
Phat nen ngfldi Thai cd le td chflc le hdi
tha den tren sdng de ta loi. Mdt sd' ngfldi
giai thich day la dip nhd Dflc Phat cung'
dfldng than sdng nUde da chd cdn ngUdi
ngudn thiic pham va nUdc tUdi cho ddng
rugng td't tfldi. Cae sU dgc kinh d chfla,
nam nfl tta tap vui chdi had bflc. Dd la le
hdi Ldy Krathong dfldc td chflc trong 3
ngay xung quanh ngay ram thang 11.
Hang ngan nggn den, nen lung linh trdi
ndi tren cac ddng sdng vao budi tdi.

Le hdi Phat giao d Thai Lan dien ra
g i n nhfl quanh nam. Thang Hai, cac phat
tfl quay quan ben nha sfl nghe lai ldi
thuye't phap cua Dflc Phat hoac dn lai
nhflng bai kinh ke chuyen cac tien kiep
cua Pbat Thich Ca trong le hdi Magha
Puja. O cd' dd Chieng Mai trfldc day con
cd le hgi Luang Wiang Lakon. td chflc
rfldc tfldng Phat quanh lang Lampang vdi

sfl tham gia cua hoang tdc.

Le hgi Chak Phra tai Suratthani vao
thang 10 khdng chi rfldc kieu Pbat quanh
lang bang xe keo, ngfldi khieng ma cdn
rfldc Pbat tren sdng bang thuyen rdng
hoac c6 khi chi la nhflng mang gd.

Le hgi dua thuyen d Lanna (thang
Mfldi) da ket hdp vdi viec dang ao cii sa
cho cac nha sfl tao ra mdi quan he than

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