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KHAI QUAT

C 6 N G

TRl/dNG KHAI THAC DA

XAY D^TNG THANH NHA H 6 6 NUI AN T 6 N

T R A N ANH D l l N C ' , LUI) V A N P H O " , NGUVfeN V A N L O N G " '

1 hdng 7/ 2011, chi it ngiy sau khi Thinh N h i Hd dupc c6ng nhin l i Di sdn Thi gidi, trong
mpt dpt khio sit ngdn ngiy. dng Nguyin Vdn Long, cin bd Trung tdm Bio tdn Di sdn Thinh N h i Hd
(TTBTDSTNH) cQng m^t sd edn bd khic d i phit hi|n ra c6ng tiardng khai thic d i t^i ndi An Tdn Ha
(cdn gpi la mii Phd Luu). T?i khu vyc mjt mil phia tdy bac da phit hi|n dupc 26 phien d i dupc chi tde
vudng thinh sic c ^ h , c i c mdt d i dlu cd cic dlu vlt gia edng. E)e lim rd hon tlnh ehdt ciia cdng tivdng,
tiling 11/2011, Trung tim B i o tdn Di sin Thinh N h i Hd v i Vi|n Khio cd hpc tiin hinh khai qudt cdng
tnrdng khai tilde dd mii An Tdn tiieo quyit djnh sd 2476/QD - Bd VH-TT&DL.

Nui An Tdn nam d phia tdy ciia x i VTnh Yin, huy|n VTnh Ldc, tinh Thanh Hda, cdeh edng Tdy
Thanh Nhi Ho v l phia tiy b i c l,Skm theo dudng chim bay. Niii An Ton cd hai diy d i vdi ch^y song
song v i edch nhau khodng 200m. D i y mii phia nam - An Tdn Thupng, tai day ndy cd Hang Tugmg (nay
dd bj phi). Theo sy diiu tra ciia chiing toi th) mdt ntii phia ddng vd phia bde vdch dd dyng ddng, khdng
ci ddu vlt ciia ddm d i v i d i cd roi xudng. Hi|n t^i, xung quanh chdn mii l i n h i din.

Ddy phia b i c dupc gpi bang k h i nhiiu tin: An Tdn H?, nui Phii Luu, mii ChOa, mii Don. Mdt
phia tay nam cua ndi hinh vdng cung, quay ra cdnh ddng bing phdng vd sdng Md..

Dpt khai qudt nay chiing tdi md 3 hd khai qudt v i m^t hd kilm tra dja tSng vdi tdng di|n tich la
3S5m'. Cd 3 hd dlu ndm d chin niii phia bde cua ddy An Tdn Ha.

1. Ket qud khai qu$t h d i

Cd di|n tieh 162 m^. sit con dudng ven mii An Tdn. Dja tdng eua hd 1 tucmg ddi don gidn vd
chi ed duy nh^t I t^ng vdn hda.

<i>Tdng vdn hda (dd sdu 0,1m- 0,20m) l i ldp d i t sit ving nh^t cd nhiiu d i ddm, dupc sii: dyng </i>

nhu li mdt lo?i vdt li|u xdy dyng. Chung dupc kit hpp vdi sit d l tgo thinh nin kiln tnie.

Trin m$t bdng cua ldp 1 bat d ^ xudt hi§n sit ving - vlt tieh cua nin kiln tnic v i cic minh d i
dim cd, cie eye dd vdi nhd ed ldp patin diy, vdi nhOng hlnh tiiii khde nhau tdp tiimg thdnh cym. Nhiing
ldp dd ddm dupc rii d l u trin v i dudi c i c Idp sit cdng 13 ting d i ldn nam d khu vyc gitta hd. Ngoii ra
con ed 4 ting khic nhau d gde phia tay.

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<i>Khd» cdhgc, sd2/2012 </i>

Cflng d bl mdt eila ldp 1 edn phdt hi|n dupe*m0t sd minh gdm men, sinh, minh diu dao thdi
Trdn - Hd. Ngoii ra, d khu vyc giip hd dd rdc edn phii hi|n dupc minh gdm men thdi Ll.

<i>a. Di lleh nin kiin tnic </i>

Todn bd mdt bang ciia hd I Id phin cdn l9i ciia mdt di tich kiln b^c, nin kiln tiiic dang b) phd hay d
tiidi hi|n dii. Nin kiln tiiic dupe lim td sit ving vd mdnh di ddm ed dupc dim ky, vdi 2 Idp di ddm. Ddy li
mdt nin nhd tuong ddi rdng. Vdi di|n tich khai qu(lt cdn hfp, cCing vdi nhthig khd khin do ede hd ddo liy ddt
vi phdn ddt mi ngirdi ddn dang canh tic khiln chiing tdi khdng till xic djnh chlnh xic kich tiiudc ciia nin
kiln tnJc. Tuy nhiSn qua ddu vlt cOa Idp ddm cd d dudi cdng vd ldp sit vdng dip d trfin v3n edn tiip tyc an
<i>vl ci 4 hudng ciia vdch hd, chOng tfli ehi cd ^k xic djnh dupc ddy li mdt nin nhd ldn hon nhiiu so vdi di|n </i>
tich 162m' cua hd khai qu^t.

Trin binh di|n vi trdc di|n ciia hd 1 xudt Id hai ldp dd ddm vi 3 ldp ddt sit nhu sau:
+ Cdc ldp di darn ed:

Ldp di dim dudi cung ndm ngay trfin ldp sit sinh thd, dupc su dyng nhu mdt logi vdt li|u xdy
dyng. Ngudi ta da tdn dyng nhiing minh ddm nhd Id chii ylu li dl ddm tgo m^t phdng ldm nin nhd, bin
trin Idp ddm ndy Id ldp ddt sit ving, ddy mjn, thudn.

Ldp dd ddm trin cdng: chu ylu li ldp ddm cd kich thudc nhd. Tuy nhiin ngirdi ta eOng sii dyng

dim vi minh dd cd kfch thudc ldn hon dl ddm tgo nin nhi,

+ Cie ldp ddt sit: Tinh theo tiiiir ty td dudi lln trin, dudi ciing Id nin ddt nguyen thd, sit ving
dang trong qui trinh laterite hda, nen sit lln khi nhiiu hgt sdi son nhd U li. Diy li nin dat kfii vihig
chdc, nin ddt niy ngay td dau dd khdng bdng phdng, nen d gde phia tiy nam dd dupc gia cd thim di
phien cd kich thudc tuong ddi ldn vi dd ddm dl tgo mdt bdng.

- Ldp dat sit 1 (dudi cung): Bin trin nin ddt gdc ngudi ta vSn can thdn dd 1 Mp ddt sit ving
<i>min, tiiudn, diy td 0,27m - 0,28m. Trfin \dp sit I li ldp di dim 1 (Idp dim dudi cimg) dupc ddm k^ vd </i>
rdt phdng. Ldp ddm dudi ciing bdt ddu tir dd sdu 2,02m - 2,03m so vdi code 0.

Chung toi da cit mpt sd dogn dl quan sit ldp dat sit dirdi ciing vd thdy chiing khong hi lan di
dim, bat dau tir dp siu thdp hon 2,3m so vdi code 0.

- Ldp sit 2 (Idp sit d gida): d dd sSu 2m so vdi code. Ldp ndy bj dio xdi nfin rdt khd xdc dfnh
dupc dp diy. Phan cdn lgi, chi do dupc tir 0,1m • 0,lSm. Bi m$t ciia ldp ddt sit 2, cQng do bj dio xdi
nin bj lln mdt sd minh di ddm khic. Tuy nhiin cdn cir vio ddy cua ldp ddm 2 dii d ben trin, cd thi xie
djnh ddy li tdp sit khd ddy.

<i>Ldp sei 3 (Idp sit d tiin cOng): d dd siu l,7m - 1,73m so vdi code 0, bl mjit tuong ddi phdng, </i>
nhung d gde tdy nam cd 1 hd dio hlnh chd nhdt, sau dd dupc san ldp dl trdng Itia. Hi|n tgi vSn cdn ddu
vlt dit sIm miu hem.

<i>b. Cdc khdi dd ndm trin nin kiin tnic </i>

Trin bi m$t eda ldp sit 3 (idp sll trin ciing), cd 15 tdng di nguyin li|u, dam di kich tiiudc Idn
da dupc bde tich tir cde tdng di ldn hon, vi 1 khdi di dd dupc dio gpt hoin ehinh.

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<b>Tran Anh Pun;; va nnk - Khai quiit cong trmm}; khsii ihiic dii </b>

Ngoai Iclioi L!;'I nay. a goc don^ nam cua lio khai qu;
khac nam xicn tlico hironi; dOnj; lav

<i>,•, flini ui! </i>
<i>* IliciivailhiTi iiii </i>
( l l i e k y \ l l l - X l \ )

<i>Hien vii ihdi Trail - Wo </i>
lliii duac a ho khai qual gom co
manh trang tri kien true, manh
sanh vii hang van manli druii da

<i>+ DC-, sanh. co ^S lucn </i>
v4t, trong do con nhan ro iiiol Inn
sanh bl vo \ a 4 niaidi nap vung.

- Lon sanh- chi con I
phan nhung van con dii chieu eao.
mau xam xanh. tumig doi mong.
mjn, vanh mi|ng kieu cap ro b(;l,
ban mieng ben trong thang, rpng

kiioi da \u6ng virc hinh chir nhat

<i>Di lull nen kien li </i>

va chdm ra khoi than Giira than va mi|ng ben ngoai co dudng 16m long mang nhe, day hcri choai. Dudi
long day co vet cat niiam nha. Long lon de lai nhieu vet cao sira, duong kinh mieng 16cm; ducmg kinh

16cm; cao 11,5cm

<i><b>I f tri Liia cdc laiin. khoi vii dam dd Irin bi m^l nSn Icien tr&c Cac klifii dd c6 vei due vd die ic </b></i>
<i>ilLAT.H2:0II </i>

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<i>Kl,ai,,„l„n. so 212(112 </i>

<i><b>^ m u </b></i>

<i>Ldp U dim ci ken diy (H3) Wa«A dd d&m c6 (hi H3) </i>
<i>- Ndp vung: 4 hipn vgt, deu bj vd, dlu Id nip vung rdt diin hinh, phd biln d tiidi Trin. Ndp </i>
vung dupc chia lim 2 logi;

Ndp vung kilu phu dd, bj mat mim, trong vd ngodi ndp vung cd mau xim xanh, dupc lam tii
chat Ii|u sit min.

Ndp vung hinh ehdp ndn, ndm n^n tay, tdn bin ngoii cd hai tdng. Ben trong ndp vung ed cic
dudng cao sua, dinh ciia tdn ed dudng tidn do dupc an 16m bdng tay.

Cic minh sdnh va hit diu cd miu xim xanh, niu nhat hojc hdng nhat, trong dd miu xdml
chilm ty 1| ldn. Trong sd niy ed 5 minh trang tri hoa vdn sdng nude, dudng chi ndi kit hpp du^ia
vdn, dudng ehi chim.

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Trin Anh Dung v i nnk - Khai quit cong Irudng khai thac da... 91
+ Dd ddt nung. 1 ddu dao ngdi bj vd chi edn Igi phdn mui, gdn gidng vdi lufti cdy. mdt cit

<i>ngang hlnh chfl V. Mui dao cong, miu dd ggch, dupe lim tix sit ed iSn hgt sdi son, trong vi ngoii cd ldp </i>
phong hda. Chilu dii cdn lgi 22cm, rdng nhdt 19cm, ddy than 2em. Mgt ngoii ed sdng, hai ben thdnh
mui dao vdt, mdi bin ti-ang tri hinh hoa li cich di|u. Phong cdeh tiang tri gidng vdi nhthig ddu dao da
phdt hi|n hi|n d Thinh Nhi Hd vi din Nam Giao...

+ Dd d i gdm;

- Minh dd mii, bj vd nhd, miu nau nhgt, lim tir logi di cit kit, m^t mat cd vet mdi ldm. Kieh
thudc cdn tgi dii Scm, rdng 4cm, diy 1,5cm.

- Manh di dim cd: Tgi hd 1 da phit hi|n dupc hdng vgn manh di dam, song chiing tdi chi thu
vl mdt sd minh dd dim tiiu bilu dl thdng kl kich tiiudc vi phin logi chung.

Cdn cu va chiiu ddi cda minh dd dim, chiing tdi tgm chia dd ddm ra lim 3 logi:

- Di dam kich tiiudc Idn: cd chilu dii tii 15cm tid lln, loai trung binh dii td lOem - 14,9cm,
logi nhd dii dudi lOem.

<i>• Hiin vgt thdi Le </i>
<i>+ Gdm men: 10 minh, gdm: </i>

- Dd gdm men thi ky XV - XVI: Cd 2 minh dl bit, men ti-ing due, chan di ciip, tuong ddi
cao, xuong gdm xdp, vinh di ego men, ve ldng, ldp men mdng, cd vlt rgn, dudng kinh dl 4cm - 6cm.

- Dd gdm men thi ky XVII - XVIII; Cd 3 minh men tring vg lam. Hai minh vd khd nhd, rdt
khd xic dinh logi hinh. Minh cdn lgi Id dl ciia 1 chile dTa diy thyt, thdnh loe ngi, gidt cdp, ve Idng,
giifa ldng cd v5 lam nhgt hinh xoin dc, ldng phd men tring xanh, hiu hit thin bin ngodi khong dupc
tring men.

Cd 5 manh (3 mdnh mi|ng, 2 mdnh thdn) thudc loai gdm cd vinh mieng ngoii cd dudng chi
lam, men tring dye, xuong gdm miu ndu do. Ddy Id mdnh eiia logi bdt "chi lam" do Id Bat Trang sin
xuit d thi ky XX.

+ Dd sdnh; Dd sdnh till ky XV - XVI cd 18 manh, dd sinh thi ky XVII - XVIII ed 7 mdnh, dlu
li cua 1 ci thi. Day li minh cua Ip sinh, diy thdt, mau nau dd. Ben trong cd nhiiu dudng vudt tay,

khing dupc ego siht edn thin, di lgi nhiiu vet 15m siu.

Nhihig manh dd sinh thdi Trdn - Hd tim dupc d hd I nim lln vdi cic minh di dim co. Hi|n
vat tiidi Ll nim trin bl mat Idp 1 hoac d idp mdt, trong ddng ma ngudi ddn lim rudng vdt lln. Nhihig
manh gdm men thi ky XX tim thdy trong Idp ddt xdo trdn trong hd ric.

Chinh vi sy cd mit ciia nhimg manh dd dimg sinh hoat thdi Trdn - Hd nim trong dia tdng cd
chiia nhihig manh ddm di ed nin cd thi kit ludn nhihig manh di ddm cd niy cd nien dgi tiidi Trin - Hd.
Vi minh di mii, ddy li logi dd gidng nhu dd cung loai vdn thudng phdt hi|n dupc d tiidi Ly - Trin.
D6i vdi edng trudng khai tiiic di flii vipc cd nhihig di mdi dl mil dyng ey de dye di tiiuimg li rdt phd biin.
2. Ket qui khai qugt ho 2

Hd 2 hinh chtt nh§t, di|n tieh 94,5m^ (13,5m x 7m), nim d khoang giCia ciia chin nui cua ddy
An Tdn Ha, vich phia bde cich chin nui 18m, phia nam giip con dudng di dudi chin nui vi cinh dong
tidng rau miu (tiiung Thing Hio).

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<i>Khdo cdhgc, sd2/2012 </i>

sd khdi di gdc (khdi sd 16, 17. 22, 23. 24), mdt sd khdi di dupc chi tic hoin ehinh (khdi 1, 2, 3, 4),
ngodi ra cdn ed mdt sd khdi dd mdi d gdc phfa ddng do ngudi din nd min phd di lim dd xudng.

<i>Tdm lgi ddy Id hd cd dja hlnh khd phire tgp vdi nhiiu d$ cao khic nhau. Dilm ding chd •jfliv] </i>
trf ciia hd ndm sdt vdi chdn ngpn niii Gdm noi md ngudi ta khai thic di cich ddy khdng liu. Chfnh vl
vdy trin bi m(lt cQa hd cdn cd ldp di ddm vyn vi mdt sd ting di mdi dd xudng. Ldp di ddm hi|n dgi vi
cd dgi mpc bin trin ddy trung binh tir 0,1 m - 0,15m.

+ Ldp mjlt: (dd sdu Om - O.lm): Diy trung binh 0,!m - 0,l5m, dd ddy eing ldn hon vi phfa
vich mli. Ldp mdt chil ylu Id di ddm hi|n dgi, ddt mtin, xdp vd miu niu den, cimg vdi khi nhiiu gdc
cdy dgi. Do qud trinh miic ddt lln, dd ldm xudt l<k ddt ldn It minh dim cd nhung sd lupng khdng nhiiu.
<i>Ldp ddm mdi chit ylu d dgng eu ddu, khdng cd ldp patin. </i>

+ Ldp I (Ddy trung binh tir 0,1m-0,1 Sm): Ddsdu ciia ldp 1 d gdc phia bde cao hon 1,47m, so
vdi Code 0 gii djnh; gdc phfa nam thdp hon 0,87m, d gde phia ddng thdp hon 1,25m, gdc tdy cao hon
1,14m. Do phii bio tdn di tich, chdng tdi chi dio xudt Id 1 ^ dd dam vd cdc khdi vi ting di cd nin chi
dimg lgi d bl m^t eiia ldp 1. Tuy nhiin di kilm tia dd diy ciia ldp di dim, chiing tdi da cdt mdt sd dogn
cd ldp di ddm ed diy di kilm tra, trin eo sd Ipi dyng nhQng vich hd dio lay ddt cua ngudi din. d bi
mdt cua ldp 1 da phdt hi|n dupe nhihig di vdt nhu sau:

- M$t sd minh gdm men, minh sinh, minh ggch ngdi, ddu vlt ciia nhihig dd ddng sinh hogt vi
vdt li|u kiln tiTic tiidi Trdn - Hd.

- Trong ldp ddt xdo trdn (ngodi ldp sit vdng dip nin) ,edn tim thdy mpt sd minh sdnh, minh dl
<i>bit tiiinh xiin, men tidng vl lam, sin phdm cQa Id Hpp Ll (thi k^ XVIII). </i>

- 31 tdng dd, trong dd cd 4 khdi dd cd dau vit chi tic cd, 5 khdi di gdc, cdn Igi li nhOng khdi
di mdi dupc ldn xudng do qui trinh ngudi ta khai thic di trong thdi gian gdn ddy.

- Do bi dio xdi, nin mdt bdng ciia Idp I ldi ISm, cd nhfhig ch3 tgo thinh hd siu hon Im. Rdt
nhieu minh di dim cd di bj idy di cung ddt, tuy nhiin lupng di dim cdn lgi trin bi ni$t hd cung khi
nhiiu, cd chd diy tdi 1,4m.

<i>a. Cde citm dd ddm ed </i>

<i>Toin bd m^t bing ldp I chiing tdi tgm chia ra lim 8 cym di ddm cd nim tuong ddi t^ trung, </i>
m|t dp diy d9c. Tuy nhiin gitia cde cym vdn cd nhOng khoing ddt tr^ig. Mdt dd ciia di ddm trong cic
cym khdng gidng nhau, cym nhiiu, cym ft, mdt sd cym phin bd diy ddc, ncri dd dim diy nhdt tdp bimg
chii yiu d phdn gitta hd.

<i>b. Cdc khdi dd ed vii d^ie vd ehi tdc </i>

Tgi hd 2, chiing tdi di phdt hi|n dupc 31 ting di. Dudi ddy li mdt sd khdi vd tdng di tiiu bilu:
<i>- Khdi dd II.AT.H2:0I: Ndm d sdt gdc phia tdy. Khdi niy dd dupe Trung tdm Bio tdn Di sin </i>
<i>Thinh Nhi Hd phdt hi|n vio tiling 7/2011, sd dSng kj Id 06. TNH. Khdi di dd dupc chi tdc gdn nhu </i>
hoin ehinh, hinh khdi hdp chtt nhdt, cic cgnh vudng vuc. Trir mdt m§t ndm dl ISn dim cd chOng tdi
chua quan sit dupc, 5 m}t edn lgi diu cd vlt "dye via" (dye idy mdt phdng). Dyng cy dgc cd ddu nhpn,
<i>rat sde. Theo cdc tiip ldm di d ddy tiii di tgo khdi, ngudi ta dimg due nim (ed noi gpi Id dye bgt), ludi </i>
<i>d?t, cd kich thude ldn hon dye via. Dl tgo m^t phing, ngudi ta sii dyng kj tiiudt due via. Dyng ey Id </i>
mdt dye sit, mui nhpn. KJ tiiugt phii dye nhg. Ngudi ta ed till dye tfieo chilu ngang tir ngoii vio dl
<i>tidnh thd ciia tdng di, dye tiieo hdng ldi. Quan sdt ede vit dye d trin khdi dd, chiing tdi do vi thdy cdc </i>
vit dye chi sdu khodng 0,3cm, rdng 1 em vi dye theo chilu ngang (thd dd theo chiiu dpc).

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Trdn Anh DQng vd nnk - Khai quit cdng trudng khai thic di..

ndy. Diy ciia khdi dd nim sSu so vdi m?t ddt niii li 0,3m. Ddu phia nam cua khdi di bj vd hai gdc. Mdt
cgnh phfa bde bj siit. Id ra mdu ldp di tim (thp ldm di gpi li di gdn gi, logi di niy rdt di bj vd khi dye).

Khdi di ddi 1,84m, rdng 0,8m, eao 0,77m. Nim eao hon 2,1 m so vdi Code 0 gii djnh.
<i>- Khoi dd 11.A T.H2:02: Ndm cdeh khdi di sd I li 1,70m vl phfa nam. Ddy ti logi dd vdi cd gdn </i>
gi, mdu xanh. Khdi dd cd hlnh gdn vdi hlnh chtt nhdt, ed thi li dang tgo tie dd. Cdn hai cgnh cd ddu vlt
dye. Cic cgnh cdn lgi tuong ddi vudng virc. Khdi dd bj Idt Qp nin m^t dudi khdng thi kilm tra dupe.
M^t trin cd nhiiu vit ldm, do mua ning bdo mdn, dudng kinh khodng 0,30m. Nhiiu khi ndng khdi di
dupe dye dd till bj vO nin ngudi ta bd lgi.

Khdi di nim xiin tiieo chilu bde nam vd 1 m$t diy bj ldp dudi ldp dd dim. Mdt m^t cgnh cdn
tuu lai vlt dye via theo chilu chio. Dudng kinh ciia mQi dye rdng tir 0,7cm - 1cm. Vj tri cao nhdt ciia
khdi di li 0,78m, vj tri tiidp nhdt li 0,49m so vdi Code 0 gii djnh, ddt nhdt 1,2m, rdng nhdt 1,04m. Khdi
di niy dupe phdt hi$n mdi trong qud trinh khai qu$t.

<i>- Khoi dd ll.AT.H2:03: Khdng ed cic tiid ngang dpc (cdc tiip di gpi li di ngc), ndm cich vich </i>
phia nam 3m vl phia bde. cd till khdng ndm d vj ti-f ban diu md bj xl djch din vj trf hi|n tgi do qud trinh

ddo ddt eua ngudi ddn bdi mdt ddu eiia khdi dd bj gdi lln khdi dd mdi dupc ddnh cdeh diy vdi chyc
<i>nam. Khdi dd ed hlnh chtt nh|^ mdt gdc bj mdt vd mpt gdc bj nirt. Vlt nut Id vlt ett, nin cd till vi \^ do </i>
dd mi nd bj bd Igi. Dd ed miu xanh nhgt, tdt ci cic bi mjt dlu cd ldp patin. Mdt trin vd 4 cgnh tuong
ddi phing, mdt dudi ldi lOm, cd till li dang chi tic dd. M Jt ti'in vi 4 cgnh cd vit dye via, tuy nhiin cde
vit dye niy thua, it. Dilu dd chdng td khdi di trudc khi dupc tgo tic dd tuong ddi phing.

Khdi di ndm tfieo hudng bic nam, dii 0,97m, rdng 0,83m, ddy 0,46m, ndm thdp han 0,43m so
vdi Code 0 gii djnh.

v l CO bdn, kit qui khai quit d hd 2 da mang lai nhdn thdc quan trpng nhu sau:

- Tnrdc hit. tai hd khai qudt da phit hien dupc 4 khdi di cd ddu vlt chi tde, tiong dd ed 3 khdi
<i>Cdn nim nguyin d vj trf ban ddu. Ddc bi§t phii kl din khdi di cd ki hi|u //. AT.H2: I, vdi nhttng </i>
dudng dye via diin hinh rdt gidng vdi vit dye tren khdi di tudng Thdnh Nhd Hd. Ding luu y Id mit
dudi cua khdi dd cdn dang dl lln mdt ldp dim ed mdng, tii vi|e dye tdeh tgo mat phing vi gdc cgnh, li
nhihig bang chiing cho thdy tai edng trudng nay khdng chi Id nai khai thic nguyin li§u mi cdn li noi
chi tdc di tgi chd hoi. cninh tnrdc khi ehuyin vi thinh.

- Mac dd da bj Idy di khd nhiiu di ddm nhung ciing tgi hd 2 vSn edn ldp di dam ed khd ddy, ed
chS diy tdi l,4m. Sy cd m^t cua cdc cym di dim eo vdi m§t dd diy ddc da phdn ndo gidn tiip phdn inh
si lupng ldn ciia nhihig khdi di dupe tgo tdc d day.

<i>c. Hign vdt thdi Trdn - Hd </i>

Ngoii nhttng manh di ddm cd tiii d hd 2 cdn phdt hi|n dupe nhfhig minh dd diing sinh hogt
thdi Trin -Hd.

+ Ddsinh

Tgi hd 2, da phit hifn dupc 3 viin ddo gdm hlnh trdn, dupe lim tir cdc minh dd sdnh bj vd vd 6

mdnh sinh thdi Trdn - Hd.

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Trdn Anh Dung va nnk - Khai q u i t cdng trUdng khai thac d i . .

triln mii, cing xudng gdn ehdn mii ed dd ddc cing ldn, mdt phdn do ban ddu b i m^t mii d dudi ehdn niii
dogn ndy hai lOm xudng, chinh vi ll dd m i ldp dim edng xudng phia chSn mii cdng diy hon. Bin cgnh
nhChig manh d i m cd kfeh tiiudc Idn cdn cd rat nhiiu mdnh dim vyn nhd nhu vd trdu v i hgt ddu. D i dim d
ddy chil ylu ed miu trdng dye, dupc phu m^t ldp patin diy. Nhthig minh dim niy cd kich thudc:
(27xl3xl2)cm; (10xl0x3)cm; (4,5x2xl)cm vd edn cd rdt nhiiu mdnh nhd li tL

<i>b. Cdc Idng dd trong hd 3 </i>

Hd 3 phit h i | n tdt c i 50 ting dd, dupe phdn lim 3 logi: d i bi dd do ddnh min, d i ed dupc ldn
xudng trong q u i trinh khai thic d i v i d i gdc.

- C i c tang d i mdi dd xudng do nd mIn: cd 7 tdng.

- C i c tang dd ed dupc lin xudng ti'ong qui trinh khai tiidc gdm 22 ting dd, phdn bd rdi rdc trin
bi mdt hd, cd nhiiu hlnh dgng khic nhau nhu: hlnh gdn vuong, hlnh trdn hogc hlnh biu dye, hlnh ndi...
Nhttng tang d i niy cd kich thudc k h i ldn, chiing diu nim d l lln ldp d i dim co. Trin b i m$t d i diu phii
mdt Idp patin mdng, hiu hit miu xim xanh v i xim den, m^t sd ting cd nhihig vlt thd chay ngang thdn,
nhttng ting khde cd nhttng id trong nhd trin b l mit dupc tgo ra trong q u i trinh phong hda qua thdi gian
hing trim nam. C i c ting dd tdp trung chii ylu tiin b l mit hd, chi cd mpt sd it trudc kia chdc cung nim
trin b l mdt nhimg do q u i tilnh ngudi din idy dit nen dd ldn xudng gdn vdi d i gdc.

4 . M $ t v i i nhgn djnh

Tir kit qui khai quit tgi cdng trudng khai thic d i niii An Tdn, chiing tdi tam nit ra kit ludn nhu sau:
<i>4.1. vi niin dgi </i>

<i>- Qua nhihig h i | n vdt Id dd diing sinh hogt thudng ngay bi vO dupe phit hien trong cic hd khai </i>
quit nhu: minh gdm men, mdnh sinh, manh ggch ngdi, ddu dao... cd nien dai sdm nhit la thdi Trdn
-Ho. NhQng di vgt ndy ndm cdng vdi dja tdng cd cdc ldp d i dam cS, dd l i cac dd diing sinh hoat md cic
tiip khai tiiic d i d l lgi.

- Tir vile so sdnh ddu vit ky thudt dupc chi tic trin ede khdi da, so sinh kich tiiudc, hinh dgng cua
cic khdi di cd ddu vit ehi tic da phit hi?n trong cic hd khai quat cho tiidy chung hoan todn tiling khdp vdi
kfch Aude v i ddu vit chi tde cua cdc khdi d i xdy d Mdng Thinh N h i Hd. Dac biet la, ldp patin tren d i d i
chiing td nien dgi cd xua ciia cdc khdi dd. Cdc khdi dd dupc chi tdc tuong ddi hoin chinh phdt h i i - "-rpc d
trong cde hfl khai qugt hiu hit diu cd dgng khdi hpp chtt nhgt, tiiudng cd 5 mgl dupc ehi tic cdn man, phing
phiu, chi cd 1 mgt dupc chi tie sa sdi. Mgt ndy si dupc xip quay v i phia bin trong tudng tiiinh. Diiu niy
hoin toin phu hpp vdi nhttng khdi d i hi|n tiidy trong cic dogn tiidng tiiinh n h i Hd.

- Theo Oiiyin tiiuyit, ven chan ntii An T6n Ha, vdn Id khu vyc ngay tir tiidi Trdn - Hd dd ed ting
mac, ehuyin k l v i vi|c din ling bj trimg phgt vl ldm chit voi ciia n h i Hd. V i mgt khoang eich till day nui
An Tdn Id nai gdn tiiinh n h i Hd nhdt v i dja hinh ciing tiiugn Ipi eho vi|e khai tiiic vd vgn ehuyin.

Qua nhttng chiing cu tiin, cd tiii khdng djnh An Ton Id cdng mrdng khai tiidc d i c6 tiidi Tran - Ho.
<i>4.2. Cdc ldp d i m ed vdi dia tdng rd rdng, ed ch5 ddy tdi 1,4m. d i | n phdn bd lan rpng khip sudn </i>
vd chdn nui phia nam dd cho thdy ddy Id mpt cdng tiirdng khai tiiic d i ldn.

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<i><b>Khdo cdhgc, sd2/2012 </b></i>

Theo cie tiip di d ddy till vigc ehuyin di tCr trin ndi xudng hodn toin lim tini cdng. Ngudi tiip ddy
khdi di dupc khai tiiic tir md di trin mil xudng. NhQng khdi di ldn ed till dupc ddy vd thinh cdc khdi dd
nhd hon. Ngudi ta cd thi sd dyng ddc ddt theo h"iin niii dl ehuyin hogc tgn dyng cie ciy g5 Idn dl Oirpt dd.
Vi|c phdt hign dupc nhiiu khdi dd dd dupc chi tic hodn chfnh nhung khdng rd vl 1^ do nio dd
mi chiing chua dupc vgn ehuyin di, dilu dd chiing td mii An Tdn khdng chi li nai khai tiiic di md cdn
li edng trudng chi tde di tuang ddi hodn chinh di xiy thinh Nhi Hd. Qua cic dogn tudng tiiinh bj dd
chiing tdi quan sit dupc, ddt nhdi bin trong tudng dd cQng ed rdt nhiiu ddm di cd, Trong dpi khai qugt

di tich dudng Hde Nhai chiing tdi cflng tim dupc khi nhiiu dye bdng sdt. Nhiing diiu niy cho thdy, mgc
dii nhQng khdi di dd dupc chi tic tuang ddi hoin chinh tir cic cdng trudng khai thdc dd vd dupe vgn
ehuyin vl din tda thinh, thi chiing v3n phii dupc gpt die dl phii hpp vdi vj tif mi nd dupc dgt vdo,
Khdng It (rudng hpp d tudng tiidnh phia tdy dd ed nhQng khdi dd dupc cdt khde dl khdp vdi nhttng viin
di ndi tiip nd. Tuy nhiin, vi|c chi tic hoin chlnh hogc tuang ddi hoin chlnh nhthig khdi di to si giim
bdt trpng lupng khdng cdn thiit khi vgn ehuyin.

<i>4.4. Vi|c md cic hd kilm tra dja tdng (nin ddt) eiia khu vyc xung quanh mii An Tdn dd gpi md </i>
khi nang tim hiiu eich vgn ehuyin di td cdng trudng vl xdy thinh Nhi Hd. Nhu da trinh biy d trin, tgi
hd kiim ti^ 4, rinh kiem tra d hd khai qugt 1 vi d khu vyc khai thic ddt di ddng ggch ciia ngudi ddn d
khoing giQa ciia 2 ddy mii An T6n Thupng vi An Tdn Hg dlu eho thdy mdt nen dit cung rin li Idp sit
bj di ong hda ndm ngay dudi cda ldp ddt mim hogc Idp ddt pha cdt bj rira trdi tir phfa ndi xudng. Tir day,
chiing tdi hudng din gii tiiuylt vl vipc vgn ehuyin dd din tiidnh nhd Ho bing con dudng bp. Truy^
thuyit d viing niy cung cho ring ed mdt con dudng di ndi edng trudng khai thdc di qua ling Tdy Giai
din tiiinh nhi Hd. Diiu ndy cd thi dung nlu nhu di dupc vgn ehuyin di xay cdng tiiinh phfa nam.
Nhung dl xay cdng thinh phfa tdy vd phia bic thi khong dn vl phdi di xa hem. Ngudi din d diy cho biit
cdn cd mpt con dudng nfl-a di tir chin nui An Tdn Thupng qua nghTa trang Id din thing tudng thdnh
phfa tiy bic vd tdy nam.

Nhflug gii thuyit niy cdn dupc kiem chung bing cic cupe khai qugt khio ed hpc. Tuy nhien,
vdi khoing eich ttt mii An Tdn din tiiinh nhd Hd thi vi|c vgn ehuyin di bing dudng bp cd vl li hpp ly
nhdt Nhung con dudng vgn ehuyin ndm d ddu thi dd Igi li vdn di khic.

<b>EXCAVATION OF WORKSHOP WHERE ROCKS WERE EXPLOITED FOR </b>
<b>CONSTRUCTION OF THANH NHA H 6 AT AN T 6 N MOUNTAIN </b>

<b>TRAN ANH DUNG, LUU VAN PHCI, NGUY§N VAN LONG </b>

At the end of 2011, Vi§t Nam Institute of Archaeology conducted an excavation at the area
at An Tdn Mountain 1.5km away from the west gate of Thdnh Nhd H6, where rocks were exploited.

In tiie excavated area, we found refined block cf rocks, old stiengtiiening layers of macadam,
architectural traces of foundation and glazed potsherds and earthenwares.

These blocks of rock share the same size and form as the ones used to build Thanh Nha Hd.
The strengtiiening layers of macadam are fairly thick, demonsh-ating tiiat the area at An Tdn
mountain was a workshop for exploiting and refining rocks on a large scale. The glazed potsherds
and eartiienwares found in the old layers of macadam indicate that this workshop was from the Trin
- Hd periods.

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