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16

<i>Nghien curu Ton giao. So 12 - 2009 </i>

<b>CHINH SACH CUA MINH MENH DOI VCTI TON GIAO </b>

<b>VA Y NGHiA CUA NO TRONG LICH SUT VIET NAM </b>

T

rong lieh sii xa hdi cd giai cap va
hinh thanh ciic qudc gia loan tri,
quan he giua Giao hoi vdi Nha nUdc, vdi
dan tdc la vii'n de quan trong va ndi bat
nha't trong he thd'ng quan he cua tdn giao
ddi vdi cac linh viic khac. Dieu nay la
phd bien khdng chi d cac nUdc PhUdng
Tay va Trung Can Ddng thdi cd, trung,
can va hien dai ma nd ciing cdn la van de
xuyen sudt trong lieh sil cac qudc gia
PhUdng Ddng trong dd cd Viet Nam. Mdi
quan he giUa tdn giao vdi nha nUdc, vdi
dan tdc thudng bi chi phdi bdi rat nhieu
nhan td, trong dd khdng the bd qua
nhung chfnh siich dcji vdi ton giao qua ciic
trieu di^ii. Hdn the, tii quan diem lieh sii
cu the bieu hien cua nhung van de nay d
mdi qudc gia, diin tdc trong cac vung van
hda cjua mdi thdi dai lieh sil lai Iudn bieu
hien theo cac mUc do. phiiOng thilc dac
thu. Viet Nam la mdt da't niidc cd lieh sU
lau ddi. Viin hda dac siic qua nhieu ddt
tiep bien van hda vdi ciic nUdc trong khu
vile va the gidi. da sac toe. da tdn giao.
Nen ve van de dd can cd sil di sau nghien
cdu de hieu sau qua tiing trieu dai. til

nhieu phia. Trieu Nguyen la vUdng trieu
cudi cimg. ndi giiia hai thdi diai truyen
thdng va hien diu nen bieu hien cua van
de nay cd nhUng net riit dac biet. de lai
nhieu bai bc)c va da thu hut nhieu sU chii
y cua gidi nghien cilu. nha't hi nhung niim
giin diiy. vdi nhieu id'^" tvUih cd gui tri'".

Tuy nhien, trong cac cdng trinh dd mdi
chf quan tam nhii'^u den vii'n de quan he
Cdng guio vdl dan toe va Nha nUdc trong
trieu Nguyen ndi chung. Trong biii viet

DO Tin HOA HOI''
PH.AN THI Till HA.NG'"'
nay. chung tdi ke thiia ke't qua cila ngudi
di trUdc. tii dd cd sU tap trung di sau tim
bieu. lam sang td ve cac dieu kien trong
nUdc va tren the gidi hi cd sd "quye't dinh
luan" cho viec hinh thanh ndi dung chfnh
sach ciia Minh Menh ve tdn giao. trong
dd cd cii Phat giao. Dao giao. Cdng giao,
v.v... Vdi li do Minh Menh la vi vua dUdc

'*. PCiS.TS.. lial htic Khoa h(K' Xa hoi \ a Nhan \aii. Ha Noi.
**. TliS.. liai hoc Khoa hoe X,i hoi \ a Nhan \an. Ha NOi.

<i>I. Xin tliem lai nitil so e6ng irinh tiang tai Hen Tap ehf </i>

<i>Saliicn 11(11 Ton initio lir nam 2(K)0 den nay. Huy Tiidng </i>

<i>(2(K)()). Anil Infon^ c/iui iiii fiiCfii van liou Conii f;nii> va van </i>

<i>Iwa Viei Nam. so 2 (46). ir 56 - 61. Le Thi Tliam (2002). </i>
<i>Trii lai cliiiili siicli cam ilcio ciia Siui \i;ii\cn qua IM'I Dai </i>
<i>.\ani llnfc Inc. sti 4 (46), Ir. 32 - 40. </i>

<i>Tran Le (2002). l'(' diri'/ni; ln(i'fni> "So'iii; Pliiic dm iroiig </i>

<i>loiii; clan iik " ciia Gido hoi Cdng gido vd inol so quan </i>
<i>dicni cna Ddng vc cdng idc ldn gido. so .5 (17). Ir. 32 - 42. </i>

<i>Nguyen Tir Loc (2002). Van de ddn loc dai ra cim ngirdi </i>

<i>Cdng gido. so 6 (7). ir. 20 - 23. </i>

<i>N'gii>en Hong Dirttng (2002). Mid nifi'rc la vdi Cdng gido. </i>
so .5 (17). tr. 25 - 32.

<i>DO (,)iiang Himg (2002). .V/;<i nid/c vd Cido lioi - .V/</v vdn </i>

<i>de li Iudn vd llnfc lien, so 5. ir. 4 - 6. </i>

<i>NgiiyOn Van Kiem (2(X)4 ). .V/;(?;i,i; hdi Imc Itch sutif nidi </i>

<i>qiian lie gii'ra .\lid nirdc j)lioiig kien vdi Gido hdi Thien </i>
<i>Chua gido irong llie kiXIX. so 5 (28). ir. 37 45. </i>

<i>NguyCn Quang liirng (2(K)7). Vdn de ngin le va chinh sdch </i>

<i>cdm dao ciia I nen .\'gii\en. so 4 (46) Ir. 26 - 35. </i>

<i>IX- Tuan Oat (2007). Thai do cita Minh Menh doi vdi Cdng </i>

<i>gido. so 4 (46) tr35 - 43 </i>

<i>tJo Bang (2007). l c (/(//(// sdch idn gido cna men Sgnven. </i>

<i>iihi'rng kinli nghiem lull sir. so 6 (48). Ir 23 30 </i>

<i>NguyOn Manh Dung (2(X)7). Qnd irinh irnycn ha dqo </i>

<i>Cdng gido nhin lir cndc liep \,u \ icl-Plhii> (dc ilie ki W II </i>
<i>-X\ III. s6 9(51). tr. 36 44. </i>

<i>Ngu>en Quang Himg (2008). Cdc nhdn lo anh infifiig uri </i>

<i>chinli sach cna Mia nuac \ lei .\am doi \,ri Cong gido </i>
<i>nhin lir gdc do vdn hda - idn gido. so 1 (33). ir 24 - 33 </i>

<i>Doan Trieu Long (2(K)8). Dqo Cdng guio hiidi dan lien ddi </i>

<i>Qiiang .\'ani - Dd .\dng. so I (35). Ir, 33 - 40. </i>

<i>\'d PhiKTng Lan (2(X)8). Chiia WgityJn vd sif trnven hd dao </i>

<i>Cdng gido iqi Ddng Trong. so 10 (64). Ir. 16 - 3 i . </i>

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<i><b>D6 Thi Moa Hoi, Phan Thi Thu Hing. C /////// .sdch ciui Minh Menh... </b></i>

<b>17 </b>

d a n h giii la ngudi cd vai trd thiet dinh cac
n g u y e n t^c tU tUcing nen tiing chfnh tri
cho n h a N g u y e n , c u n g cd nghia dng la
ngUdi diit nen m d n g i n a n g tfnh nguyen
tftc t r o n g chfnh siich tdn giao cho cac vi
vua k e tie'p cila t r i e u dai nay. Q u a day.
chiing tdi m u o n dUa r a mot so' n h a n xet
ve y n g h i a ciia c h i n h sach tdn giao ciia
M i n h M e n h t r o n g lieh sil Viet N a m .

<i><b>1. Nhung thdch thdc lieh sd ddt ra </b></i>

Vudng t r i e u Nguyt'm khdi dim tU Gia
Long (1802 - 1820) vtii nd lUc Ihtiu tdm
quyen liic. dn d i n h viidng t r i e u bdng viec
tai lap vai trd. vi trf chil dao ciia Nho
giao. Viia hi inol hoc t h u y e t chfnh tri
-dao dUc Xii hdi N h o giiio vUa de cao. Id
diiiTi n h u la mot ht)c thuye't diim nhiin
tfnh chiit. vai trd tdn giiio cua nhii nUdc
dc ddp Ung yeu cilu ciia l a p doiin phong
kien khi dd. .Minh Menh tie'p nhiin ngdi
vua t r o n g t i n h t h e xa hdi phong kie'n Viet
Nam d a n g lam viio mot cuoc khiing
hoang sail siic. Miim mdng cua sii rc)i loan
chfnh tri - xii hoi miy dil diitic m a n h n h a
111 cac thc^' kl XVI - XVII irUtic dd di'm tdi
sii b u n g nd hiing loat cuoc kht'ii nghia
ndng d a n viio t h e kf XVIII. .\li)c du tai
vung Clii cU. flic lA]) tloiin jihong kien dil

cd nbUng cd' giing binh dn k m h le. song
noi chien keo diii giiia ciic tii]) doiin phong
kien thdi ki miy hiiu nhU liim suy giam
<i>sUc pluit trien ciia nin^ kinh te, ddi sdng </i>
ciia nhiin diin giip k h d n g ft khd khiin.
Liinh thd miic du dii dUtic md rdng. dicn
tfch da't k h a i h o a n g ngiiy c a n g gia liing
nhUng ddi liii kT tbuiit canh tiic ndng
nghiep tru>'en t h d n g vtin chf dUng d mile
do thd sd, ccing vdi ciic khoiin t h u e niing
ne, chien t r a n h lien mien nen trong xa
hoi xuii't hien t r a n g tbiii bii't dn ve linh
thiin diin tdi sU phiin nc), chiin ghet ciia
nhiin diin vcii trieu d i n h phong kien.
Ngay cii chien thiing o a n h lit^t cua nhii
Tay Sdn dtii vdi giiic ngoiii xiim, thd'ng
nhii't tpid'c gia diidng n h i i ciing chi dUa ra
cac giiii phiip t a m thdi cho n h u n g r a n nilt
trong Idng xii hdi p h o n g kie'n dUdng thdi.
<i>Phong Inio Tiiy Sdn thi diit a-i sti ciin ban </i>

cho sti t h d n g nhii't dat nUdc, n h u n g thdi
gian Q u a n g T r u n g tri vi quii ngan ngiii,
trieu N g u y e n s a u khi gianh lai vUdng
t r i e u da t r a t h u mot each m a n rci. N h u n g
dieu dd k h i e n niem tin cua n h a n diin vao
giai cap p h o n g kien thdng tri vi the d a n g
d a n bi l u n g lay. h o a n g m a n g va biit luc.
Tain If c h u n g cila q u a n c h u n g n h a n drm
bi q u a n . met mdi, Udc ao mot sU an ui vc

tinh t h a n de xoa diu ndi dau khd chdng
chat, cac the lu'c ciit cd chiia dc;p bd. nguy
cd phiin qu\'cn viin de doa.

Giila luc linh hinh kmh te - xii hdi Viet
Nam tiling trong tinh canh rdi rtMi. hdn
loan thi tren the gidi. thdi ki niiy sau khi
nhieu nUdc Phiidng Tay boiin t h a n h cuoc
each m a n g tU siin. ciich inang cdng ngliiej).
dii dUa chu nghia tU biin ticn len mic t h a n g
mdi: chu nghia de ciudc. Dieu nii\' diin tt'ii
xu hudng md rdng thi trUdng thudc tlia cua
ciic niidc thiic diin PhUdng Tiiy ndi t:hung.
thiic tliin Phiip ndi rieng td'i niidc la cung
nhu Ciic nUdc PhUdng Ddng khiic. Y IhUc
dUtic nguy cd bi le thudc. mdt sdnUtic Chiiu
A dil tien h a n h cai ciich diii nu'c'ic nhU Nhiil
Ban. Thai Lan.

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18

<i>Nghien ctru Ton giao. So 12 - 2009 </i>

d a n g m u d n k h a i t h d c n g u d n n h a n lUc.

ngudn n h i e n lieu. Vd h i n h t r u n g , Giao hoi
dii dl tdi viec d d n g l i n h . tiep t a y cho hilnh
ddng xam lUcic cua t h e Itlc thilc dim
dUdng thdi. Mot m a t . Giao hoi dii l a o lap
cho chu n g h i a thilc diin n h d n g n g u y e n cd
t h u a n Icii dt"^ xiim n h a p thutic dia. bu lai
giao hdi cd dia biin t h u d c dja de t r u y e n
giao, song q u a n t r o n g hdn la Giiio hoi d a

c h u a n hi cho chii n g h i a thilc diin mot hoc
thuye't bien m i n h cho lan sdng thilc d a n
dtia t r e n cd sd Cdng giiio.

DUdc Ilia ebon ke' t h i i a vi trf td'i cao
cila nen cai tri p h o n g kie'n t a p q u y e n
c h u y e n che vii n a m loan q u y e n tri vi dil'l
nudc t r o n g bdi ciinh chfnh tri xa hdi trfm
diiy. Minh M e n h k h d n g t h e k h d n g nhiin
thiic dUtjc n h U n g t h a c h Ihilc day c a m go
de cd t h e duy tri. d a m bao sU ben vUng
ciia vUdng t r i e u va chii q u y e n cua diin
toe. Vi the', ddi siich ciia M i n h M e n h vdi
tdn giao vao thdi d i e m n a y k h d n g cbi de
ddi ndi hay ddi ngoai ddn Ihuiin hoac chf
t r o n g p h a m vi cila linh vUc viin hda. ldn
giao nUa. mfi da ndi len n h i e u be luiin
phUc liciji d a n xen chfnh tri - k i n h le - v a n
hda r.n't diic IrUng d Viet N a m .

<i><b>2. Npi dung chinli sdch cua Minh </b></i>

<i><b>Menh ve ton gido </b></i>

Trong t a m yeu can ma chfnh tri - xii hdi
the kl XIX dat r a cho Minh Menh la phai
lam sao de giU vUng doe lap chil quyen cho
dan tdc ciing nhU d a m bao sU ben v d n g cila
viidng trieu. Day thilc sU Id mtll viin dc n a n
giiii khi linh h i n h the gidi vii trong nUdc

<i>d a n g triii tiua nhieu bien dm mi^mh me, tac </i>
ddng khdng nhd tdi dUdng Idi chfnh tri cila
nhii vua. Dieu niiy till yen ciing se a n h
hUcing den chfnh sach ddi vcii cac tdn giao
cua vua Minh M e n h .

<b>2 . L C h i n h s a c h d o i v d i C o n g g i a o </b>

Ddi veil Cdng guio. M i n h M e n h dd
khiing dinh Ifnh ddc liip. nha't q u a n Irong
viec hoijeh d i n h c h i n h s a c h ddi vdi tdn
giiio niiy.

Vilt) Ciic t h e kl XVI, XVII, XVIII, viin
de t r u y e n guio d D d n g A viin giin vdi yeu

to' IbUdng m a i la chii ye'u. chUa cd su gan
ke't vdi ehii n g h i a thUc d a n n e n nhUng
n g u y hiii ddi vdi n e n a n n i n h qudc gia
chUa p h a i la mdi lo ngai triic tiep cila cac
chila T r i n h . N g u y e n . M a t k h a c . d giai
doi;in niiy. cac chiia T r i n h , N g u y e n d a n g
ddn h e t l a m siic cho cuoc giao t r a n h giUa
D a n g T r o n g vii D a n g Ngoiii. nen ddi khi
ho cdn Idi d u n g cac q u a n he vdi cac nUdc
PhUdng Tiiy q u a cac nhii t r u y e n giiio de
t a n g cUcing t r a o ddi thUdng miji, m u a vii
khf, cdn n g u y cd lii sii' t r u y e n bii Cdng
giao hiiu nhU k h d n g dUtJc liiu liim. Tuy
vay. s a n g t h e ki XIX thi t i n h h i n h lai cd

n h i e u ddi khiic. B a n t h a n dng vua diiu
lien cila Iridu N g u y e n la Gia Long dii
n h a n thii'y dUcic p h a n n a o nguy cd tiem
lin lii sU t r u y e n giao. n e n t h e hien thiii do
hai m a t dtYi vdi Cdng giiio d Viet N a m .

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<i>D6 Thi Hoa H6i, Phan Thi Thu Hiing. Chiiili .sc/. h cua Minh Menh... </i>

<b>19 </b>

dudi thdi tri vi cua vun Gia Lt)ng. khdng
he tdn tin mdt siic chi cii'm diio luit). viec
t r u y e n bii Cdng guio cd b a n didn ra trong
mot mdi IrUdng chfnh tri k h a thuiin Itii.
van dUtic IhUc b i e n cdng k h a i , k h d n g cd
bill ki sU cil'm doiin nao.

Su m e m dtio t r o n g ddi siich vdi Cdng
giao ciia Gia Long cdn t h e hien d viec
thiia n h a n nhUng ngUdi Phtip dii giup tld
dng. t r o n g dd cd ciic guit) si, song dng viin
k h d n g It) ra nhiet tinli trtmg mdi tjuan he
vdi cac nUdc i^hUting Tiiy, miic tlu cho
phei) bo giao ibUting, Dieu miy cho thii'y
(lia Lt)ng tu\' cd ciii nhin khoan tlung
phiil xuii'l lU sU h i e u biet khii rd ve Cdng
giao lihUng ciing k h d n g t h e Irtinh khdi sii
bA't binh trUdc t h a i do bat khoan d u n g
cila ton giiio miy vcii viin hda vii tin
ngUdng dim Itlc. Gia Ltmg da liing t r a n h
luiln vtii Bii Da Ltic, yt'ni ciiu Toa T h a n h
cho phe{i giiio h u u luiin t h u mt)t sti' nen

nop, t a p luc t r u y e n thdiig nluim giU dao
If. p h o n g hda diin ttlc vii nha't lii diim biio
sti uy nghit^m. Ibtl'ng nlui'l ve Lo. Pluip
cua trieu dinh. Sii viec ciing li-t'i nt'-n pliu'c
tiip khi thiii tU Cilnh k h d n g chiu tjuy lay
triidc biin thd Id tit">n khien Gin Long tiic
gian vii sau miy (10/1S3S). khi ke vi vua
cha, .Minh .M(}nh con xem thix' hi mot tlieii
to hai cua (-dng giiio. N h u vii>-, cd the
khiing dinh "ban thiin Gia l^ong khdng cd
thien ciim vdi Cdng giiio. nhUng vi If do
<i>chfnh Iri nt"-!! dng k h o a n tlung \()\ tdn giiio </i>
niiy. chUng niio dng cdn ciin den ngUdi
P h a p hcip tiic vc'ii dng. O n g biit diiu ngu'i;if
diii vc'ii ngUdi Cdng giiio tu'ng giuj) dng.
khi dng cd t h e tie'n hiinh chfnh siich ddc
liip dUtic va k h d n g ciin tdi ht) nua'". (.iia
Long the hien nhiin ilulc ve sU ciin Ihic-^t
cd sii iii> phdng. O n g hi ngu'di hieu rd htin
ai he't ngux' cti tleii lU PhUting Tiiy. "Cung
<i>htin ai hei nlui vua biet rd mdi q u a n hi} </i>
giUa flic nlui t r u y e n guit) vdi ciic thi' lu'c
chfnh tri quiin su chiit che tlc'ii the niio
Vay chiing. viec liui t'ht)n M m h .M(''nli
-mot hoiing tii "cd tfnh ciich m a n h me vii
khdng nuin nui \-(')i Phu'ting Tii\" him vua
nili ngdi chfnh hi lin y siiu xa cua Gia

Long t r o n g ddi siich vt':ii Cdng giiio n h a m
giU vUng vUfing tjuyen.

Thtic le' lieh sU Viet N a m khi .Minh
Menh Ifm ngdi dii cho tha'y su thay ddi
chfnh Siich cila vUdng trieu Nguyen tltli
vdi Cdng giiio. Neu Gia Ltmg, dt) trilc liep
hiim dn cac giiio sT Phiip t r o n g viec giiinh
liii vUting vi nen chfnh sach ve Cdng giiit)
van the hien tfnh hai m a t thi den \'ua
Minh Menh, chfnh siich ddi vdi Cdng guit)
khii rn net vii nhiil tiuiin.

Biing nhic'u ngudn thong lin ve cac
nUdc Irong k h u viic, nga.\" khi lt"'n ngdi
niim 1820, .Minh Menh ttii nluin thity
n h u n g ngu\' cd de doa viiting iiuyen Ifi
pbfa time diin PhUdng Ta\' khi c h u n g sU
d u n g vicic t r u y e n dao Cdng giiio tie xiim
nhilp giiy miit dn dinh d nhieu nudc ti-tjiig
k h u \-Uc n h u T r u n g Qudc. Nluit Ban.
Trieu Tu"m, Nam DUting. Mit'^n DUMU
v.v... Do viiw khi mudn biio \'e sii' nhiit
thdng vUdng tiux'en, Minh Mtjnh hutlc
pluii Clin nluic den viln de ciim dat) ha>'
khdng. md ctia ha\' tldng ciia vdi Phu'ting
Tii\'. Vi the, ti giai doiin tlau Iri vi, tie tlu\"
tri dn dinh Minh .M('nh van giu Ih.iii tlti
fining muc vdi Cdng giiio. Ban t h a n nh.i
\'ua cung tim hieu ve ton i^iiio iui\' thdng
<i>tpia vii>c tlof Siich Gian li kin ding tlo </i>
<i>TliUa sat .Jacearti thing If'n \'ii ttoc Tdy </i>

<i>(liidng ki sii biing chU Hiin. Tu\' nhu'Mi. </i>
.Minh .VIcMih vdi nen tiing y thilc ht' . \ h o
giiio l u \ c t ddi hda vi tht"' tdi thUdng ciia
vua - t u Ciich T h i e n tU - thiin lhit">ng cai
quiin Cii t h e liic vii tilm linh nt'>n vua van
k h d n g the tldng tinh vdi giiit) If Cdtig guit)
vc t h i u ' e l Thit'^n Du'dng. Dia .\guc. tlui\'C'l
C h u a Ti'di tat) diing vu trii. niui Dat hdng
lhu\'. xii\' ihiip Babel, v.v,.. Nlui vua the
hit'ii m<)t thiii (to (' ngiu vdt su ti'iiNcn l):i
Cdng guio khi tux't'Mi hd: ".Xghc ndi iiu'tic
ho cd phep ino' ki tin, ngUtii luio gioi hiin
ihi kill 111! t r o n g nudc tlti t r u y e n giiing tlao
<i>3. Joscp Biillinger. ilic Smaller [dragon. ,\ I'olilieal </i>
History dl Vietnam, tr. 241 242.

<i>4. Do Quang llLrny. Qtitic liLing. Chien Iran if Da </i>

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<b>20 </b>

<i>Nghien cuu Ton giao. So 12 - 2009 </i>

giao, ngUdi gidi vUa thi di ngoai qudc,
<i>dem ta giao truyen day cho ngUdi. Ho 6 </i>
dau deu cd chia phiin diit. phiin dan de tu
cai quan nhau cho nen ngay thUdng thU
tfn di lai vdi nhau nhanh nhii Id hich tren
cam cai Idi-ig gii. Ciii mam te ay khdng
nen nudi cho ldn dim len. phai cam nghiet
trii tiet di"'''".

Qua day ta thily Minh Menh da nhan

thiic dUcic sil de doa den quyen uy tdi
thUt^ng ciia vUdng trieu ve chfnh tri
-kinh le - vim hda - tam linh nen mdi cam
dao. Them vao. vua chiu sUc ep tii phan
ling cua quan lai nho si cdng vdi viec phat
hien tau PhUdng Tay van ngilm dUa giao
si vao Viet Nam. Minh Menh mdi ban
hanh chf du cam diao dau tien vao ngay

12 thang 2 nam 1825: "Ta dao Tay DUdng
lam hu hdng tam trf con ngUdi. Tii lau
nay. nhieu lau thuyen cila Tay DUdng
den diiy budn biin vii dem den diiy cac
Tay DUdng dao trudng trong viidng qudc
nay. Cilc diao trUdng nay da du dd va lam
ddi truy nhan tam va lam hU hdng phong
tuc vii tap quiin. Day phai chiing lii mot
dao cho vUdng qudc chung ta? Viiy pluii
ngiin chan su lam dung nay de dem diin
ta ve con dUdng cua chfnh dao""^'. Khdng
nhUng the. lii niim 1H26 den niim 1832,
tinh hinh trong nUde liii lien tiep xiiy ra
mot s d v u viec mat dn dinh cd sU tham dU
ciia Cdng giao. mdi keo theo sU thay ddi
chinh sach cila Minh Menh ddi vdi tdn
giiio nay theo chieu budng tU ban che iinh
hUdng truyen dao di den cam dao.

Vao nam 1826. khi liic lUcing khdi
nghia ciia Phan Bii Vanh riit ve cd thii tiai

Lang Tra Lii trUdc su' truy bat cila trieu
dinh. da dU(3c cac linh muc. tu si. giiio
dan tai diiy ung hcj va bao ve. Them dd,
tii nam 1829 - 18.31 d trong nUde xua't
hien khdng ft cac vu kien lien quan den
hai lang Cdng giao la Diidng Sdn va
Mdng Phu him cho mdi quan he giUa Nha
nUdc phong kien Viet Nam va Gido bdi
Cdng giiio ngiiy cang xau di. Dang chu y
la vao cudi niim 18.32. Minh Menh phat
hien trong cam cjuiin cd ngUdi theo Cdng

giao. mac du bi triing phat va bat phai bo
dao nbUng da so'ho van kien tam giii dao.
khdng chiu chap hanh menh lenh cila
nha vua.

Chfnh vi the. ngay 6 thang 10
niim 1833. dao du cam Cdng giao lan thu!
<i>hai dxicic ban h a n h trong ca nUdc. budc </i>
giao huu phai bd dao. cac dia phUdng
phai pha huy nha thd va de doa: "Neu ke
nao khdng chiia thdi cii cdn diim len liit
can tam vi phiim lenh cam, mot khi bi
phat giiic thi lien bi tri toi nang""'. Va
<i>theo Dqi Nam thdc luc thi dUdi thdi </i>
Minh Menh tri vi cd 6 dijo du va 2 dieu
le ve Cdng giao va If do cam dao dUcic
neu deu cd phan lien quan den van de an
ninh qudc gia, quyen uy cila vUdng trieu

va van de Le, Phiip, the che ciia trieu
dinh.

Cd the ndi, khdng phai ngay tii dau
Minh Menh chil trUdng dan ap giao dan
mac du cd nhieu y kien khuyen dng thiing
tay nhu vua Nhiil Ban. Song cung khdng
phai tu nhien Mmh Menh bat. gie't giao
dan mot each vd cd ma hau nhu nbUng
ngUdi bi biit. bi gie't cd "van de" nhU ndi
dung dao du thii 4 ban banh ngay 16
thiing 1 ndi rd:

"1. NgUdi PhUdng Tay til lien vao
trong nude hi khdp tdi "trinh tham ngoai
qudc vii dd la tin tiic". NgUdi che giau
chUa chap cung bi toi chem.

2. Tay DUdng dijo trUdng len lilt xam
nhap khep tdi t n n h tham.

3. Ddi vdl guio .si dang len lut truyen
dao bi khep them tdi "ta dijo di doan ciim
dd me hoiic nhiin tilm".

4. Ciic vien Irii'n thil tra xet khdng ki
de Tiiy DUdng dao trUdng lot viio trong
nUdc tbi bi xU toi ebem: ciic quan li^i dia
<i>5. Dal Nam Time luc cliiiih hien. Tap 21 Nxb </i>
KHXH 1964. tr. 117,

<i>6. Truang Bit Ciin. \ lui Minh Mang viti Cimg gido </i>
<i>(tir (tail I HIO ciim cudi IS.U). Nguyet san Cimg giiio </i>
<i>vd Ddn tiic. so 14 thiing 2 - 1996, tr. 116. </i>

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<i>D6 Tiii Hoa Hdi, Phan Thi Thu Hing. Chinh .sdch ciia Minh Menh... </i>

<b>21 </b>

phuong khdng tan tinh truy biit thi bi
phat truting va giiing cap""^'.

Dudi thdi Mmh Menh. ddi sach vdi
Cdng giao thilc sU la mot van de kho
khan, nhUng nd chi thUc sii la van de
ndng gay gat viio nhUng niim ve sau. khi
Minh Menh bi ddy vao tinh the phiii ddi
phd vdi himg loat sU kien cbfnh tri an
ninh chii quyen bi de doa cd sU dinh Ifu
tdi Cdng giiio. Tuy nhien. vi nhan quan
Nho giao khtsp kin quy dinh. nhieu chi du
cua nhii vua ddi vdi Cdng giao trci nen bi
dong va the hien sti lung lung vc sach
lUdc. Chiing hiin nhu su kien Mmh Menh
<i>ra du trieu Ii'ii) '•'^c giiio -si ve kinh de dich </i>
sach thiic chat lii de khdng che va kiem
soat ho'-". Hay nhU thiing 4 mim 1838.
Minh Menh dieu quan tii Nghe An.
Thanh Hda ra Nam Dinh dan ap khtii
nghia vdl mot bien phap khd'c liet. v.v...
Tuy nhien. ciing can phai khiing dinh
rang, viec Minh Menh thiic hien chfnh

sach cam Cdng giiio cdn biit ngudn tU
nguyen nhiin lieh sii tit ben ngoai dan
den. Cdng giiio dUtJc du nhap vao niidc ta
tii cac niidc PhUdng Tay trong thdi ki ra
ddi va phiit trien chu nghia tU ban vao
Ciic the ki XVI - XIX cdn mang nang tfnh
kinh vien vii biet liip. Do dd. qud trinh
truyen ba Cdng giiio cua ciic thiia sai lai
Viet Nam tii gdc do viin hda cdn mang
nang tfnh biet phdi. bii't khoan dung.
khdng the khdng giip mot sd trd ngai
nha't dinh vc phong hda. quan niem va dd
la nguyen cd dan tdi xung dot dan tdc.
Cho de'n luc dd. Cdng giao ha san pham
t h u i n tuy ciia nen viin hda Phudng Tay.
nen hoan toan xa la vdi nbUng tap quan
thd Cling to tien va ciic nghi le vdng ddi
ciia ngUdi Viet. Dao du ciia Minh Menh
ban hilnh niim 1825 dii ndi rd dieu nay:
"Dao PhUdng Tiiy lii ta dao. him mc^ hoiic
Idng ngUdi hay hiiy hoiii phong tuc. cho
nen phai nghiem cam de khien ngUdi ta
theo chinh diio"'"". Do dd. ddi sach ciia
Minh Menh ddi vdi Cdng giao ciing chfnh
111 phan Ung tU ve triidc nhUng nguy cd uy
hiep thay ddi phong hda. viin hda diin tdc
UrUdc sU xiim nhiip cua viin hda Phudng

L

Tily cd sii trti giup cua chu nghia thuc
dan. Va khi cac giao .si. tin dd Cdng giiio
dinh Ifu tdi cac van de chfnh tri ndi bat
thi chfnh sach cam dao cua Minh Menh
hoan toan la dieu dc hieu, xuii't phat tU
nhu can gid vUng chu quyen dan tdc
cung nhu sU ben vUng cila vUdng trieu
nha Nguyen. Tuy nhien. trong khi thi
hiinh chfnh sach cam dao de nham miac
dfeh tren day, Minh Menh dtl mac phai sai
ham khdng tach biet ciic quan he tdn giao
vc'ii chfnh tri - van btia - phiip luat. dil
ddng nhat giiia cac miit dd. Sai liim hdn hi
khdng phiin biet giua ilm tnu'u thu doan
Itii dung ton giiio liim hi bin xiim lUtic cua
the luc thiic diin vdi the lilc giiio .si cd nluln
quan biet lap ve viin hda. vdi ddng diio
quan chung nhan diin bi loi keo. Itii dung.
day giao diin vilo triing thai quay lUng lai
vdi dan tdc. Minh Menh ciing nhU cac dng
vua trieu Nguyen dil khdng khdn kheo lao
thdi cd mdi den Id Cdng giiio dc cai each,
duy tiin dat nu'dc thdi can diii ma lai bien
nd thanh nguyen cd dc thiic diin lay dd
him mim che am mUu xiim lUcic chia re
diin tdc. Sue miinh ndi liic cua diin tdc vi
the bi suy guim. vii triicil diu theo hUdng
ngay cting yeu the. ket quii khdng chdng
dd dUtJc hoa xiim liing.

2.2. C h i n h sach doi vdi ton giao,
t i n ngu'dng t r u y e n t h o n g

<i>a. Chinh sdch doi vcfi Phiit gido </i>
Nhu tren da ndi. chfnh sdch tiii de cao
doc tdn Nho giiio lam cd't tuy cua ddi sdng
tu tudng tinh than dUcic dinh hUdng tU
Gia Long na\' dUdc Minh Menh xac liip
cac nguyen tac cd ban va dUa vao thilc thi
huan dieu Nho giao vdi tfnh chat kep tdn
giao-chfnh tri. Luc diiu dng thiic thi sach
lUtic han che Phiit giiio vii ciic tfn ngUdng
<i>8. Dal Nam Tliifc luc chinh hien. Tap 21. N.xb </i>
KHXH 1966. tr. 247.

<i>9. Ngtiyen 'Viin Kiem. Xiiiig quanh Minh Mam; tap </i>

<i>trung cdc gido si thira sai Au Chdii ve Hue. Tap chi </i>
<i>Nghien cim Tim gido. so 2/2004. tr. 37 - 45. </i>

<i>10. Diin theo lliin TiT)ng Kim. \'iei Nam sir liri/c. </i>
Qll. Bo Giiio tluc (Siii Gon). IVting tfim Hpc lieu.

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<b>22 </b>

<i>Nghien cuu Ton giao. So 12 - 2009 </i>

khac. NhUng diin dii IrUdc thuc lien

truyen bii Cdng guit) uy hiep chu quyen
Vii vUdng quyen nen dng cd sii' thay ddi
chfnh Siich tdn guio.

Mot mat, Mmh Menh tin hiinh chfnh
sach cam dao ddi vdi Cdng giiio de giU
vUng dn dinh chfnh tri - xii hoi, mat khac
nha vua cung hudng tdi ciic tdn giao, lin
ngUdng truyen thd'ng de lam dd'i trong vdi
Cdng giiio trUde thUc tien khi dd, nhai la
chu Irtmg cluin chfnh Phiil guio,

Tii dia vi la quti'c giiio dUcii ihdi Ly
-Tran, sang thdi cudi Le diiu Nguyen,
Phat giao da khdng cdn tim thay chd
ddng chinh thiic trong trieu dinh nUa nen
da hda quyen vao ddi sd'ng diin gian, anh
xa viio trong van hda cong ddng lang xil,
kt'o theo sii ra ddi ciia hiing van ngdi
chua diiy sUc sd'ng. Tuy nhien. vi nhieu li
de, xa bdi khung hoang hay suy thoiii.
mdt bo phan Phat tii giai doan cudi Le
dau Nguyen da bi tha hda trd ihanh mot
lUc lUtJng cau cung, me tin, hoiic Icii diing
nhii chua de trdn nghia vu nen budi dau
Gia Long va Minh Menh da him che lUc
luting nay do tinh thiin vi ddi ciia Phiit
giiio thdi Ly, Tran khdng cdn diicic Phat
tii xem la li tUcing cuoc sd'ng ma muc tieu
tu hanh chi lii de sieu thoat cd nhan,
Nhiim ngiin chan ciic te liiu nay ciia Phat
giiio, thdi Gia Long tri vi, dii xudng du
(1804): "Giin day cd ke sung dao Phi'it,
xay dilng chiia chien quii cao, lau giic rat

la trang le, diic chuong, td tUcing rat ddi
trang hoang, cimg la lam chay, chay dan,
md hoi, phf ton ve cung Phat nudi sU
khdng the chep bet, de cau phuc bao vien
vdng, de'n ndi tieu hao mau md. Vay tii
nay ve sau. chua quiin cd dd mil mdi dUcic
tu bd, cdn lilm chua mdi vii Id tUcing due
chuong, dan chay hoi chua, he't thiiy deu
cam. Su siii cd ke chiin lu thi If trUdng sd
tai phai ghi rd tfnh danh quiin chi. dem
nop cho quan tnin de biet rd sd^'"".

Sang thdi Minh Menh ndi ngdi, dan
dan do yeu cau thtic lien nhii vua trilc
tie'p ban siic du de tiuim If chiil che, tinh
hinh Phat guio cd phan dUt3c cai thien tdt

hdn, nen vice diing chua, due chuong
dUtJc thuc hien kha phd bie'n tii kmh dd
de'n cac tinh. Mot sttchua cdng dUtic trieu
dinh bao cap. quan tiim xiiy dUng. lu siia.
lap le hoi. cap lUdng bdng cho cac sU sai.
phong ihiin cho cac vi cd nhieu cdng hien.
Trong bai ThU(3ng du ngay 18 thang 10
niim Mmh Menh thd 21 (1840) cd doian:
"Lan nay ve kinh cd Nguyen Giac Ngd,
ti-u tri chua Long Sdn Bat Nha, la ngUdi
tinh liim lu luyen, tich cd'dii hdn 40 niim.
Khd hanh cao phong nhu the that rai quy
hda. Truyen cap cho mot viin himg tiing

cang va gia an thUdng cho 20 hang bac,
tfing phuc. lio quiin viii mtiu mdi thd 5 bd,
cho tram dich dUa ve chua cu tru lii.
Tren Id trinh di qua cac bi.it phiii phiii
ngu'di ho tdng de dUdng di dUdc an toiin
<i>tdt Acp. Lai truyen cho vien tfnh Phil Yen </i>
xuii't tien cdng mua sam vat lieu, thue
dan phu sila sang chua chien ndi Giac
Ngd hien dang tru tri cho dUcic quan
chiem. So' dan phu thue bao nhieu ngiidi.
truyen cap cho mdi ngUdi thang 4 quan
tien va mot vudng gao de chung vui vc;
liim. sdm hoan thanh cdng viec. Sau khi
xong cii viec khai tieu. Kham thil""'^'.

Cd the If giiii trUdc linh hinh Irt'-'n diiy,
Minh Menh da xem xet lai chfnh sach dtYi
vtii Phat giiio. tim tlul'y nhUng yeu td tfch
ciic bill ngudn tii Phat giiio ve phu'ting
ihUc tri nUdc nhU thdi Ly - Triin - Hau Le
<i>dii tUng khai that: nhung \6\ the til Tam </i>
giiio ddng nguyen. Minh Menh sai diing
chiia Hdng Nhan dai thien tU trong
hoang cung, chua Linh HUu, chua Giac
Long, sUa chua Long Quang, Cd the tha'y.
Id day cac vua nha Nguyen dac biet quan
tiim xiiy dilng, trimg tu eac ngdi qudc tU
de nhii vua, trieu tiinh td chile diin chay,
cau cung. Tu lieu IhU tich da cho thii'y
khdng ft bin. Minh Menh td chiic lap dim

chay cung le d ciic chua.

Niim 1820 (Minh Menh mim diiu lit-'u).
<i>11. Dili Nam Thuc luc chinh hien. Ti'p 3. Nxb. Sir </i>
htpc. HaNoi, 1963.tr 167.

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<b>I </b>

<i>p 6 Thi Hoa Hoi, Phan Tlii 'Iliu Hang. Chinh sdch ciia Minh Menh. </i>

<b>23 </b>

<i>Viio tilling 6. linh Hil T\m. tinh VTnb </i>
T h a n h , tfnh Dinh TUdng. benh dich lan
trim. Tfnh Quiing Binh. (Juiing Tri, Nghe
An, T h a n h Hda hiu khdng cd mUa. Hoiing
de sai cac ntii sd lai ciiu tliio, lap dan chay.

N a m 1824 ( M m h Mt)nh mim ihU 5),
tinh Gia Dinh nUdc sdng NgUu Chii bdng
" k h o a n g mUdi d a m Irong l a n g mot miiu,
mui ngc)t n h u dUdng". M i n h M e n h cho dd
la trdi cho, ha bdi ddt: H o a n g T h e td Cao
H o a n g de ddc siing s u a nen dUtic trdi biio
ilng cho diem ttl't. Nhii v u a dii cho xuii't
tien k h o ra m u a viing hUdng de q u a n
c h u a n hi hip diin kfnh te.

Niim 1825 ( M m h Mtinb luiin ihU 6),
vua lenh cho cac q u a n vita d a t dan le
theo le ngbi Nho giiio, vita dat dim chay
phd do d chUa T h i e n Mu de tUdng nhd ciic

tudng sT cd cdng p h u Nguyen.

N a m 1826 (Minh Menh mim t h u 7):
T h a n h Gia Dinh vii ciic l i n h lU Quiing
Binh den Binh Thuiin cd tai dich. Nhii
vua dii ha lenh liii) diin nbUdng dao. d
Kinh t h a n h ciing c h u a n bi thiet diin d
ngoai tluanb k h i e n ciic ijuan deu ciiu phuc
cho triim ho.

Niim 1827 ( M m h .Menh mim ihU 8).
triin N a m D i n h cd siiu im Ida linn hai.
q u a n t n i n dem viec i)himg t a u . n h a vua
xuci'ng chi dt,i cbt) thiol dim nhUting diit).
cac pliii h u y e n sti tai vi k h d n g sdm biio
ni'n bi guing chile.

Dieu chu y lit dutii trieu Minh M e n h .
sU cai td vii chii'n chinh t r o n g sinh htiiit
P h a t giao l)ieu hien rd nhii't lii viec Nhii
nudc caj) do dicip cho tiing si do Bd Le lbi
h a n h . Ciing t r o n g giai doini nay, viec
phiin d i n h chiic siic cho tiing si dUtic thiic
hien mot ciich rd r a n g hcin. T h d n g qua dd.
dudi iricu Minh .M("'nh dii hinh thiinh
them mtit ehdc siic mdi cho tiing si la
chile T a n g c a n g . Td ehdc dim chay cung
dUcic d u n g len va keo dai n h i e u ngiiy d
cac ngdi tiuilc tU. Cd t h e ntii. n h u n g chfnh
Siich dtii vdi Phiit giiio ciia M m h Mtinh dii

gdp phiin chii'n c h i n b liu t i n h b i n h Phiit
giiio c u n g nhu' (in d i n h hu Iriit tii xii htii.

chU k h d n g phiii hi ddi xU limh nhiit hay
biii xfch Phiil giiio. Nhd the, trudc het vi'
l)hU(ing then vim hda. Phiil guio clut'li
trieu N g u y e n dii de lai melt sd t h a n h tpui
d a n g ghi nhim ve vim hda P h a t giat), kie'n
true, nil t h u a t qua viec tijo dUng, t r u n g lu
cac ngdi c h u a dudi thdi nay, gdp phiin
cimg cd' td diim net doc dao cua biin siic
viin hda I n e u Nguyi'^n. Miic du chfnh sach
ddi vcii Phitt giao nhii viiy viin cdn bii't
cap. Tuy n h i e n xet ve phiidng dien niio
dd, sii dieu chfnh chfnh siich cua Minh
M e n h ndi rieng, trieu Nguyen ndi c h u n g
ddi vdi P h a t giiio n h u viiy cd the xem nhii
mtit giiii phiip dd dn dinh chfnh tri - xil
hdi Irong bdi ciinh cd nhUng cang thimg
chinb tri - xii hdi, mot chfnh siit~h dt"' lii'>'
lai sti ciin biing nbUng bUc xuc ve tiim If
cua thtii miy d a n g cd chieu hUdng gia
tiing.

<i>b . Chinh sdch df)i vdi Dao gido vd cdc </i>
<i>loai hinh tin ngiidng truyen thong khde </i>

Miic du y h u d n g doc ton, de cao Nhd
giiio cd tii Gia Long vii Minh Menh lit
ngUdi dd k h u d n che dinh cho y tUdng miy,

nhUng Phiit giiio, Dao giao vii ciic tfn
ngUdng t r u y e n t h d n g khiic viin chid'm giU
mtit vi trf n h a i dinh trong ddi sting vim
hda linh Ihiin cua ngudi Viet. Dieu niiv
dUtic the hien rd net thdng t]ua chfnh
Siich chii'n chinh i)hiil trien Dao guit) va
ciic loiii hinh tfn ngUdng tru>'en thdng
dudi thdi Iri vi cua .Minh .Vltitih.

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<b>24 </b>

<i>Nghien ciiu Ton giao. So 12-2009 </i>

sU, kiem n h a phUdng t h u a t k h a p h d bie'n.
S a n g thdi N g u y e n , c h e do p h o n g kie'n lai
sa vao cuoc k h i i n g h o a n g n g h i e m t r o n g ,
khdi n g h i a n d n g diin lien tiep b u n g nd, de
bao ve q u y e n luc vUdng t r i e u , luc d a u
c u n g vdi chfnh s a c h de cao N h o giao la
chu trUdng vdi P h a t giao, Dao giao bi b a n
che bdi cac chi d u c u a n h a v u a , nhUng
trUdc n h u cau ciia q u a n c h u n g va ke ea
vUdng tdn quy loc, chfnh s a c h ciia M i n h
M e n h cd sU t h a y ddi.

N a m 1832 (Minh M e n h niim thU 13).
n h a n le dUng c h u a Khai TUdng. ngil xem
d a n chay d c h u a T h i e n M u . M i n h M e n h
bao q u a n h a u : " N h a P h a p d u n g t h a n hoc
de day ddi. cdn dao K h d n g chi day l u a n
thUdng lii mdn d u n g h a n g ngay. song
c h u n g quy deu day ngu'di t a l a m dieu

t h i e n m a thdi. Sinh r a t r o n g vdng trdi
n e n liim dieu t h i e n t r a n h dieu tic. Ddi vdi
dao P h a t day biing t h u y e t boa p h u c . bao
iing. ta k h d n g n e n nhii't thdi cho la di
doan. Moi viec k h u y e n ngUdi lam t h i e n
cila n h a P h a p . d a u t h a n h n h a n ciing
k h d n g t h e bd di"'".

N d m 1833 (niim M i n h M e n h niim thU
14): miia h a t h a n g 4. k i n h ki k h d n g cd
mUa, cac q u a n cau dao nhUng k h d n g
dUtJcVi the' n h a v u a thie't d a n T a m T h a n
d Ngo Mdn, p h a i H o a n g tii c u n g cac
dUdng q u a n t r o n g s a u bd k i e n t h a n h ki
dao, S a u dd trdi dUcic mUa ldn, n h a v u a
len dien T r u n g Hda, ddt bUdng k h a n vai.

N a m 1840 (Minh Menh nam t h d 21).
t h a n g 10 trong kinh ki khdng t^d mUa. n h a
vua chf du cho q u a n T a m phap phai t h a n h
h' binh nguc. va thUdng d trong cung dd't
hUdng m a t diio. dat d a n T a m than, khien
cac q u a n t a n t h a n h cau nguyen.

M a c du. t r o n g 10 h u a n dieu. M i n h
M e n h cd n h a e den viec bin trii a n h
hUdng cua D a o giiio va cac thU me tfn di
d o a n . ki phUdng di t h u a t nhUng Dao
giao v a n a n s a u viio tfn ngUdng n h a n
d a n . N h U n g tU t u d n g . tfn ngUdng D a o

giao k h d n g h o a n l o a n tii nUde ngoai
t r u y e n viio m a cd sdn p h a n ldn d n h a n
d a n Viet N a m t r o n g lieh sil. Vi t h e D a o

giao ciing vdi P h a t giao c h a n g n h i i n g
k h d n g bi N h o giao d a y lui m a t r a i lai cii
vUdn len va t o n tai l a u b e n b a t c h a p moi
sU c a m d o a n c u a n h a v u a vil t r i e u dinh
n e n d a n d a v u a ed sil t h d a h i e p vdi hai
tdn giao niiy. T h a m chf. M i n h M e n h cdn
sil d u n g k h a i n i e m "Vd vi" va "Hiiu vi"
vdn dUtJc x e m la ciia D a o giao de ndi ve
d a o t r i nUdc ciia m i n h . Q u a n t r i e t tU
tUcfng "trUde p h a i vd vi. s a u mdi dU(3c
hUu vi". M i n h M e n h d a dich c h u y e n tU
t u d n g t r i e t hoc ay t h a n h phUdng c h a m
t r i nUde "trUdc p h a i s i e n g n a n g . s a u mdi
dUdc hUdng t h u " . T r o n g Idi du q u a n
T h a m t r i Bd H i n h Ngd D i n h Gidi. Minh
M e n h cho r a n g : " T r a m d a n g do tudi t r e .
cd s a n g s u d t ve t i n h t h a n , m a n h me ve
siic lUc. n d n t r a m h a n g c h a m lo viec
t r i e u chfnh. P h a m viec gi ciing k h d n g
m u d n de c h a m t r e , vi le trUdc p h a i sieng
n a n g , s a u mdi bUcing t h u " " " . D a y c h a n g
phiii la M i n h M e n h c h i u a n h hUdng tU
lUdng ciia cac n h a D a o giao T r u n g Qudc
la Lao Tii va T r a n g Tii dd sao?

C a n g ve s a u , khi tU tUdng Nho giao

c a n g td ra b a t Iilc t r o n g cdng cuoc on dinh
n h a n t a m n h i i m n g a n c h a n sU t r u y e n ba
Cdng giao, M m h M e n h c h u y dieu chinh
chfnh s a c h dd'i vdi D a o giao ciing n h u
P h a t giao va cac loai b i n h tfn ngUdng
t r u y e n thd'ng. NhU vay. O n g da cd mot su
cd g a n g n h a t d i n h de gdp p h a n cung cd'
giU gin b a n sac viin h d a d a n toe, tU t r a n g
bi mot t h d "vu khf t i n h t h a n " cho n h a n
d a n c h d n g xiim lUcic ve v a n hda"''''.

<i>13. Trin Van Giau (1973). Sir phdt tricii ciia tiftidmg </i>
<i>Viet Nam tir the ki XIX den ccich mang thdng Tcim </i>
<i>ndm 1945. tap 1. Nxb KHXH, Hit Noi. tr. 505. </i>

<i>14. Le SI Thang. Licli sd iir tirdng \'ict Nam. tiip 2. </i>
Nxb KHXH. Ha Npi 1997. If. 74.

<i>15. .Xin xein then ciic biii viei tren Tap chi Nghien </i>
<i>cim Toil giiui giin day nhu: </i>

<i>- Tii Quoc KMnli (2(X)8). Nhci Nguyen vdi vii-c tiwig tu </i>
<i>Chiia Thap. phin tiicn Phiit gido flue.wa. sd 9. tr. 20 - 25. </i>
<i>- Nguydn Ngoc Quynh (2007). Tluii di> irng \i( ciia </i>
<i>trieu Nguyen rdi Pluii gido qua 'Khdm Dinh Dqi </i>
<i>Nam hpi dien siric ". so 11. tr. 30 - 37. </i>

<i>- Tran Dang Sinh (2008). Mot sii chinh .nich cua ciu </i>
<i>vua ddu iric^ii Nguyen ctdi viri tin nguc'mg thir than d </i>

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<span class='text_page_counter'>(10)</span><div class='page_container' data-page=10>

<i>D6 Thi Hoa H6i, Phan Thi ITiu Hang. Chinh sdch ciia Minh Menh. </i>

<b>25 </b>

<i>3. Mpt so y nghia lieh sd cua chinh </i>

<i>sdch ton gido thai Minh Menh </i>

Cd t h e ndi. c h i n b s a c h cua M i n h M e n h
ddi vdi tdn giao trUdc b e t n h ^ m d a p Ung
n h d n g yeu cilu thUc tien lieh sii diit r a luc
bay gid. De xiiy d u n g mot nhii niidc phong
kien c h u y e n che t a p tjuyen. t h d n g n h a t ve
moi m a t . M i n h M e n h chii trUdng de cao
Nho giao vii dUa nd len vi trf doc tdn. Liia
chon t r e n diiy ciia n h a v u a t h e hien y
h u d n g bao ve dtlc lap chu tiu>'en diin tdc
<i>ciing n h u vUdng vi cxxa trieu diii t r o n g bdi </i>
canh sU b a n h trUdng x a m lUcic cua t h e lUc
thuc d a n PhUdng T a y d a n g p h a t trien
m a n h me t r e n t h e gidi.

Luc diiu. ddi vdi cac tdn giao khiic nhU
P h a t giao. Dao giiio ve h i n h thUc la cam
doan song t r e n tbilc t e ' v a n chiem giU mot
vi trf nha't d i n h t r o n g xa hdi. t h a m chi
cdn a n h bUdng tdi t a n g Idp q u a n lai t r o n g
trieu dinh va t r o n g moi liing Idp n h a n
dan nen chfnh siich ciia M m h Menh cd sU
dieu chinh de q u a n If cluit che. n a n g cao
uy t h e t^ila vUdng t r i e u . dn d i n h Idng
ngUdi. Rieng dtli vcii Cdng giao bi ciim

doan n g a i ngheo dt) t r e n thUc te. nd dil bi
sii d u n g cho muc dfeh xiim nbaj) cua chu
nghia thilc diin PhUdng Tay. Bi gd bd
trong n h a n tjuan N h o gitio t h i e u sU phiin
tach. M m h M e n h cho riing Cdng giiio lien
q u a n c h a t che vdi bon xilm lUcic PhUdng
Tay. de doa trUc tie'p de'n trieu dinh va
da't nUdc; nd xa la vdi v a n hda biin dia.
lam suy giiim dia vi va iinh hiidng ciia
Nho guio t r o n g xii hoi. lilm t h a hda con
ngUdi, vi vay phtii biii trU. loai bd. C h u n g
tdi ciing ddng t i n h vdi sU phiin tfch cac
b a n che cua c h i n b s a c h ve tdn giiio da
dUdc gidi n g h i e n cUu cbi rd t r o n g ciic cdng
t r i n h dii n e u . Tuy nhien can chii y t h e m
r a n g vdi vi the' triich n h i e m cua melt dng
vua t r o n g dat nUdc dUcic xiiy d u n g theo
md b i n h t a p q u y e n c h u y e n che ihi chfnh
sach tdn gitio ciia M i n h M e n h t r e n dily la
mot p h a n ilng tii ve chU k h d n g the' coi
chfnh sach dd boiin loan ha cue doan. sai
lam. T r o n g chiing mUc n a o dd. n h a vua
vSn sii d u n g P h a t giao vii Dao giiio n h d m

phiic vu cho cdng cude tri vi dat nudc
c u n g n h u de tiing cUdng sUc m a n h tinh
t h a n cua n h a n d a n tru'dc nbUng nguy cd
xam lutic den tii c h u nghia thiic d a n
PhUdng T a y nhUng hieu qua r a sao c&n
phai xem xet t r o n g t h u c le. Hdn t h e , giUa

luc cac nUdc l a n g gieng Viet N a m deu bi
chu n g h i a thiic diin PhUdng Tay xam
lUtic. n h i e u ndi dii bi t h d n g tri. ddi stich
cua M i n h M e n h ddi vdi cac tdn giao. tfn
ngUdng t r u y e n t h d n g trong dd cd Phiit
giiio. Dao giao cdn chUa nhieu an y siiu
Stic. Ciin ndi t h e m n i n g cd the hieu do cdn
ha y thUc khiing dinh m a n h me btin siic
van hda d a n tdc trUdc sii du n h a p cua ciic
yeu id van hda PhUdng Tiiy ma trUdc het
la sU du n h a p ciia Cdng giiio. Giai doiin
ntiy, Cdng gitio da k h d n g bdi n h a p viio
nen viin hda diin tdc. ngUtic lai cdn chii
trUdng Cdng giao hda van hda Viet N a m .
T h a m chi. chfnh siich nity cua Giiio hoi
Cdng giao cdn giin lien vdi chfnh sach
ddng hda d a n tdc Viet N a m cila chu nghia
thiic d a n do sU ca'u ke't chat che gida Gitio
hdi vcii t h e lilc thilc diin thdi ki nay. Diiy
111 mot t r o n g n h d n g nguyt'n do thuc dily
Gia Long thi hiinh chfnh siich hai nuit
tldi vdi Cdng guio. .Mmh .Mtinh sau miy
<i>Cling y thilc m a n h me ve vii'n (\Q miy nt"m </i>
chfnh sach ton giiio cua dng. tU phUOng
dien van hda cd t h e thti'y. cung cbfnh Iti
de khdi day btin sac viin hda t r u y e n thdng
cila diin toe trUdc sU du n h a p cua van hda
PhUdng Tay. Tuy r a n g dd lit sii phiin Ung
bi ddng. bd' tiic k h d n g dap Ung dUtic yeu
ciiu p h a t t r i e n d a n tdc va dti khien tiem

liic diit nUdc suy giam.

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<a href=''> bi.it phii</a>
<a href=''> 1963.tr 167</a>