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TAP CHi KHQA HQC DAI HQC V A N LANG Hd Thi Thanh Nh^n

BAO TON KIEN TRUC TRUYEN THONG TAY NGUYEN

TRONG QUA TRINH PHAT TRIEN DU LICH DJA PHlTOfNG

<i>CONVERSE TA YNGUYEN TRADITIONAL ARCHITECTURE </i>
<i>DURING THE DEVELOPMENT OF LOCAL TOURISM </i>

<i>Hd THf THANH NHANO </i>
<i><b>TOM TAT: Bdi viet khdi qudt nhirng gid tri ca bdn cda cdc logi hinh kien true truyen </b></i>
<i>thdng tiiu bieu a Tdy Nguyen, sa luge vi thyc trgng cdc logi hinh kiin trdc ndy trong boi </i>
<i>cdnh hpi nhgp, dong th&i ehi ra nhiing tiim nang khai thdc du Hch dia phuang dya trin </i>
<i>cdc kiin trdc tiiu bieu, dgc sac nhdt cua mgt sd ddn tgc dia phucmg. Bin cgnh do, bdi viit </i>
<i>gi&i thiiu mpt sS ea s& kinh doanh du Hch dia phuang, qua do phdn tich mot so kho khdn </i>
<i>cda du lich cgng dSng & Tdy Nguyen hi^n nay vd thie di xudt hu&ng khdc phuc. </i>
<i><b>Tu khoa: kiin trac truyin thSng Tdy Nguyin, nhd RSng, nhd ddi, nhd mS, E De, Gia Rai, </b></i>
<i>BaNa, Mndng. </i>

<i>ABSTRACT: The paper has outlined principal values of typical traditional architectural </i>
<i>forms in Tay Nguyen, summarized the reality of such in the context of integration, pointed </i>
<i>out potentials in local tourism exploitation base on the most typical and distinctive </i>
<i>architectures of local ethnic groups. Besides, it also introduces some local tourism </i>
<i>businesses, from that, analyses difficulties of Tay Nguyen community tourism at this </i>
<i>moment and suggest solutions to overcome. </i>

<i><b>Key words: Tay Nguyen traditional architecture, communal house, long house, sepulchre, </b></i>
<i>E Di, Gia Rai, Ba Na, MnSng. </i>

<i><b>1. KHAI QUAT VE KIEN TRUC E Dd, Mndng, Ca ho, Mg, Chu Ru) cd Hch </b></i>
<i><b>TRUYDN THONG T A Y NGUYEN sd cu tm lau ddi, tiiy nhidn kidn tiiic tmydn </b></i>

Nhin chung, kidn true ttong mdi ngdi thdng dupe biet den thudng ehi Id eua

lang tmydn thdng cda ede dan tpc Tay nhung nhdm dan tpc ddng dan hon cd, nhu
Nguydn cd thd dupe chia thdnh ba nhdm ngudi Ba Na, Gia Rai d phia Bde (Gia Lai,
dua theo myc dich su dung, gdm: nha d, Kon Tum), ngudi E De d phia Nam (Ddk
nhd cpng ddng va nhd md, ngoai ra cdn cd Ldk). Didu nay do nhidu nguyen nhan,
chdi rdy, kho thdc nhung quy md nhd vd it ttong do cd nguyen nhdn quy md dan sd vd
ddc trung. Tdy Nguyen gdm 5 tinh (Gia muc dp dn dinh eua nai eu tin.
Lai, Kon Tum, Dak Ldk, Dak Ndng, Ldm Theo mdt nghien edu vdo ndm 1994
Ddng), vdi 11 dan tde ban dia (Gia Rai, Ba [2], tiidi gian djnh cu cua cdc ldng ddn tde d
Na, Xa Dang, Gid Trieng, Brau, Ra Mam, Tdy Nguyen chia tiianh ba cdp dp: Nhdm di

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TAP CHl KHOA HQC DAI HQC V A N LANG S6 03 / 2017
CU nhidu nhat Id nhung ddn tde eo dan sd it,

canh tde rdy ttdn nhiing dja bdn nhieu sdi da,
bgc mdu, dinh cu khdng qud 10 nam; Nhdm
cd ddn sd trung binh di cu it ban, eanh tdc
tren nhiing dia hinh thoai thoai, quy ddt ddi
dao, kha mau md, didn hhih la cdc nhdm
ngudi Ba Na d huydn An Khd, huyen Khang
<i>(Gia Lai), "trong d&i ngu&i Ba Na & vung </i>

<i>An Khi, Kbang thu&ng phdi chimin ldng </i>
<i>3-4 ldn !-4;; Nhdm ddn cu dn dinh nhdt eanh tdc </i>

Ida nude hodc lam rdy tien nhiing vung ddt
bdng rdng ldn, didn hinh la ngudi Gia Rai, E
Dd, nhdm Ba Na-Kon Tum va nhdm
Mndng-Rldm. Budn lang eda hp ddng ddc,
nha cda khang ttang, chdc chdn, ndu cd rdi
ehuyen thi tiiudng chi vi ly do tm nguang.

<i>"Cd nhimg ngu&i Ba Na a Kon Tum cd d&i </i>
<i>ehua bao gi&phdi chuyen ldng" [2]. "Buon </i>
<i>Anur cua ngiKti E Di tinh din ndm 1975 da </i>
<i>tdn tgi dugc trin 100 ndm" [2]. Budn ndy </i>

hien nay van cdn d Huydn Krdng Pdk ^ a k
Ldk) va dd trd thdnh mpt dia didm du ljch
van hda ndi bat eda dia phuong.

Trong ngdn ngfl Tdy Nguydn, tuy theo
<i>nhom ddn toe, lang cdn dupe gpi Id palai, </i>

<i>palei, bon, bSn, buSn,... Lang eua ngudi E </i>

Dd tdn tgi dn dinh nhat trong so cac dan tdc
tai ddy, kien trdc nhd d cda hp cung kien cd
ban nhdm tdn tgi qua nhidu thd hd. Ngudi E
Dd ed tuc 1^ mdi khi ttai gdi kdt hdn se vd
chung sdng d nhd dang vp, ngdi nhd lai
dupe ndi thdm mpt budng, hp sinh con de
cai, ngdi nhd cua ddng hp me ed the ma ddi
thdm ra mai. Ngdi nhd ndy chia tiidnh hai
<i>phdn, phia tiardc la Gah, la nai sinh boat </i>
chung, cd bdp sudi, bep nau, cd cdng
chieng, trdng da ttdu, hdng ept mpn, nhiing
<i>chide ghd ddc mdc K'pal rdt dai ddng de </i>
tidp khach va thyc hidn cac nghi Id; phdn

<i>sau gpi la Ok, chia thanh nhidu budng nhd </i>

dpc theo hanh lang, dupe ngan bdi phen tte,
ddnh cho timg cap vp chdng vd phdng cua
cac cd con gai ldn, rieng con ttai chua vp
thi ddm ngu d nha Rdng. Ngudi E Dd theo
<i>ehd dd mhx he, khi eon gai ldy chdng, con </i>
re ve d ehung vdi dgi gia dinh ben vp, ngdi
nha lai tiep tuc dupe ndi ddi ra. Ndp sdng
tinydn thdng nhu tten gdp phdn ly gidi vi
sao cac dan tdc khac chi cd kidu nha sdn
dan Id nhung ngudi E Dd lai ndi tidng vdi
nhflng ngdi nhd ddi hang tidm met nhu md
<i>td ttong Tradng ca Dam San: "Nhd ddi nhu </i>

<i>tiing chieng ngdn ". </i>

Nhd d cua ngudi Gia Rai vd ngudi Ba
<i>Na kha nhd, ttang tn don gidn, nhung hp lai </i>
cd nidm ty hao vd nhung mai nhd Rdng hinh
luai bda cao vdt ttdn ndn ttdi, day la edng
trinh quan ttpng nhdt ludn dupe hodn thdnh
dau tidn khi ldp ldng. Nha md eda hp cung
ndi bat nhdt ttong vung vdi nhieu chi tidt
dieu khdc tten kidn true vd tupng gS, chi tiet
dan lat tten mdi tinh xdo, dep mdt. Ngudi
Xa Dang ciing cd nha Rdng mdi cao nhung
nhd md thi khdng da dgng bdng. Ngudi Gie
Trieng lgi ed kieu nha Rdng cd mai hinh mu
rua vdi hai dau hoi bo ttdn, trdn mai ed ehi
tiet tiang tri hinh cgp simg ttau. Rieng ngudi
Mndng co kieu nha ttdt vdi bp mai hinh ndn

lap cd ttanh day d ^ . Day la kieu kien true
dia phuong duy nhat dupe biet den tgi Tay
Nguydn khdng cd sdn nang eao khdi m^t dat
nhu tdt cd nhiing ddn tpc cdn lai, ly do Id vi
ngudi Mndng cu trd chd ydu d khu vyc ven
Hd Lak (Ddk Lak), nai dja hinh bdng phdng,
tdm nhin rdng rai va quang dang.

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TAP CHi KHOA HQC DAI HQC V A N LANG Hd Thi Thanh Nhin

mdi. Tuy nd luc bdn bi, nhung cdc co quan
quan ly van hda, cde bdo tdng dia phuong
va tiling uang vdn ehi cd the gift lai dupe
nhiing hidn vdt nho, hoac tdi tao bdi cdnh
sinh hogt ttong cdc le h^i vdn hda, ridng
cac kidu thde kidn true tmyen thdng dja
phuang qua phong phd vd da dgng, rdt kho
bdo tdn luu giu day dd.

2. KIEN TRUC T R U Y I ; N THONG TAY
NGUYEN TRONG B 6 I C A N H HQI
N H ^ P

Su mai mpt cda cdc kidu thdc kidn true
traydn thdng Tay Nguyen nhu ngdy nay la
he qua cda ca mot qud trinh rdt Idu ddi chiu
tae dpng bdi nhidu nguyen nhdn, ttong do
hai nguyen nhdn chu ydu Id sy thay ddi tin
nguong - tdn giao vd sy phdt ttien vd nhidu
mgt cua kinh te - xd hOi.

Tdn giao ddu tidn xam nhdp vdo mien
ddt nay la Cdng giao, bdt ddu td chuydn di
tham do ndm 1850. Trong sudt 50 ndm cudi
thd ky XIX, Cdng giao vdn quanh qudn
ttong vung ddt cda ngudi Gia Rai, cde giao
sT phai tim each md rOng phgm vi tiuyen
dgo sang cdc dan tpc khde. Tinh ddn ndm
<i>1954, "sS tin dd cdng gido & vitng Ba Na </i>

<i>khodng 10.000 ngu&i, viing Xa Ddng </i>
<i>khodng 8.000 ngu&i [6]. Khu vyc eua </i>

ngudi Gia Rai tidp xdc vdi Cdng gido ddu
tien nhung sue lan tda lgi rat cham. Thdng
<i>ke nam 1954 eho thay, "& viing ngu&i Gia </i>

<i>Rai, sd tin dS Cdng gido chi chiem khodng </i>
<i>15% ddn sd" [6], ddn ndm 1999 eon sd ndy </i>

van ehi dat khodng 15.000 ngudi tiong khi
tong sd tin dd Cdng giao tai Tdy Nguydn da
ldn ddn 635.615 ngudi [4]. Nam 2009, sd
tin dd Cdng gido tgi Tdy Nguydn Id
1.707.287 ngudi [5]. Nhu vgy, chi trong
vdng 10 nam dau thd ky XXI, sd lupng tin

dd mdi gia nhdp Cdng gido tai Tdy Nguyen
da gdp ddi tdng sd gido ddn thu ngp trong
sudt 150 ndm rdng ra kd tu khi Cdng giao

ddn midn ddt ndy.

Dgo Tin Lanh vao Vidt Nam mudn hon
(1911), gdn 20 ndm sau mdi bdt ddu len
Tdy Nguydn, ca sd truydn gido ddu tien d§t
tai Da Lgt ndm 1929, sau do tai Budn Ma
Thudt nam 1934. Giai doan ddu, tin dd Tin
Lanh d Tdy Nguydn hdu hdt la ngudi E De,
td ndm 1954 tdn giao nay lan ve phia Bde,
tidp cdn cdc dan tdc cdn lgi. Sau nam 1975,
dgo Tin Ldnh cd giai dogn phat trien rdt
chdm. Nam 1999, sd tin do tten toan Tay
Nguyen la 244.769 ngudi, tap ttung nhieu
nhdt van d tinh Dak Lak (113.120 ngudi,
ehidm ban 46%). Nam 2001, khi Hdi thdnh
Tin Lanh Vi^t Nam chinh thdc dupe cdng
nbgn, edc ca sd truydn gido d Tdy Nguyen
bat ddu boat ddng tid lai. Nam 2004, tten
toan Tdy Nguydn cd 286.219 tin dd Tin
Lanh, ndm 2005 tdng ldn 301.149 tin dd,
ttong do ed 282.799 tin dd la ngudi ddn tdc
thieu sd ehidm 93,9%, phdn ldn vdn la
ngudi E Dd [6].

Sde anh hudng cda Cdng gido vd dgo
Tin Lanh cang lan tda sdu rpng, pham vi
cda tin ngudng truydn tiidng cang thu h?p
lgi, td dd kidn true nha md lien quan true
tidp ddn tin ngudng, hoac kidn true nha
Rdng la nai td chdc cac nghi thde tin

ngudng thd than ddu bi tdc ddng ddn den
nguy ca tan lyi.

2.L Ki^n trdc nhd md

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TAP CHI KHOA HQC PAI HQC V A N LANG S6 03 / 2017
<i>nhd mS Tdy Nguyen la nghi thugt tgo lap </i>

<i>Ididng gian, Id ngh$ thudt su- dmg chdt lieu, </i>
<i>la nghe thugt tong hgp cde logi hinh nghe </i>
<i>thudt khdc nhau, la nghi thugt phdi hgp ti </i>
<i>li, nhip ^leu vd mdu sdc giiea cdc thdnh </i>
<i>phdn kiin tnic v&i nhau di tgo ra mgt tdc </i>
<i>pham nghi thugt thong nhdt, hodn hdo vd </i>
<i>dpc ddo " [1]. Tuy nhidn, vd gid tri vgt chat, </i>

khae vdi cdc kien true tdn giao khae thudng
hudng ddn sy tmdng ton, nha md Tay
Nguyen dupe tgo tac ehu ydu bang gd khdng
qua xd ly dp dm va mdi mpt, khdng ehu
trpng vd chung logi hay tudi ddi eua gd, vi
vdy kien true nay xudng cap rat nhanh
chdng khi bi bd mac giiia thien nhien. Vd
gid tti tinh thdn, nhd nghien euu Ngd Van
<i>Doanh ciing khang dinh: "nhd md chi co y </i>

<i>nghia sic dung trong nhiing ngdy ldm le bd </i>
<i>md (tic 3 din 7 ngdy) cho nin nd chi phdt </i>
<i>huy hit hiiu qud nghe thudt cua minh trong </i>
<i>nhicng ngdy do" [1]. Ndi each khdc, neu tin </i>

ngudng ttuyen thdng mat di, kidn true nhd
md cho du dupe suu tdm bdo qudn can than
Cling se chi cdn la cac hien vdt dd "ddng
bdng" trong cac bao tang, hogc dupe tai hidn
nhu mdt loai hinh nghd thudt ttinh didn
ttong edc Id hpi van hda du lich.

Tac gid dd tidn hdnh nhieu cudc didn
da cac khu nha md ven thdnh phd Pleiku
(Gia Lai) ttong khodng tii ndm 2009 ddn
nay. Thye td cho thdy, mat dd nha md vd
tupng md ngdy cdng thua thdt. Ve dge
trung tao hinb, kidn true tuy vdn theo kieu
dang cu va cac dd tai ttang tti vdn dupe giu
lgi nhung vdt lieu va phuong phap tgo tac
truyen thdng hdu nhu khdng cdn, nhiing chi
tidt dac sdc nhdt nhu nhung manh gd day
cham cdnh sinh boat thudng gdn tten ndc
mdi ngay nay dupe cdt bdng tdn mdng ,

hang rao gd dupe thay thd bang tudng xay,
tupng md kha hidm hoi, xen ke vdi nha md
Id nhung ngdi md Cdng giao. Ngay nay,
vdn cdn mot sd gia dinh td chuc Id bd md
nhung quy md rat nhd, nghe thudt kien true,
<i>dieu khde, dan lat, mua rdi, mua tsoang, tha </i>
ca trong le ciing khdng cdn dac sac nhu
xua. Rieng nghe thugt dieu khde tupng md
dang dupe cac co quan van hda dia phuang

nd lye giu gin va phat huy bang each md
cac Idp eho nghe nhan tmyen dgy, td chdc
nhihig eupe thi tgc tupng, tridn lam hidn vdt
va nhiep dnh vd didu khae ddn gian,... Sd di
dieu khde gd Tdy Nguydn vdn tdn tgi dupe
vi nghd thuat ndy gdn nhu da ttd thanh mpt
logi hinh didu khdc hidn dgi mang ddm
phong cdch dia phuang, ngay cang xa dan
muc dich tin nguang.

2.2. Kidn true nhd Rdng

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TAP CHI KHOA HQC DAI HQC VAN LANG Hd Thi Thanh Nh&n
cda ldng) ttu ngu. Nhung tidn bp xa hdi md

cdc nhd tmydn giao dd mang lgi eho cpng
ddng cdc ddn tpc Tay Nguyen Id ydu td tieh
cue khdng thd phd nhdn, nhung d mpt mat
khdc, ciing ehinh cdc tdn gido mdi Id
nguyen nhan chu dgo ldm mat di tin
ngudng ttuyen thdng, vdn bao trum vd chi
phdi mpi hogt ddng vdn hda cda ngudi Tay
Nguyen, td do cdc Id hdi dan gian vdn hdu
hdt dupe tidn hdnh d nha Rdng va nha md
ddn bi thay thd bdi nhihig Id hdi tdn giao
dupe td ehde tai nhd thd.

Mdt khdc, sy phat tridn tdt ydu cda xd
hdi cung lam dnh hudng ddn vai tid cda nha
Rdng. Xua kia, nhiing chdng trai ehua vp

ngdy ldn nuong rdy, dem ve quay qudn d
nhd Rdng nghe ngudi gia ke ehuyen, ehinh
ben bep Ida chang bao gid tat dy, ngudi gia
tiao cho ngudi tte nhihig kinh nghiem sdn
xuat va ky nang sdng quy bau eua minh.
Ngay nay, ndng nghiep Tay Nguyen da
phat tiien vdi da dgng gidng eay tidng, sd
hiiu ddt dai va td ehde san xuat khdng cdn
theo t^p the ma phan tan vao tdng hp gia
dinh, kidn thdc vd ky nang dupe truyen dat
theo nhidu edeh khde xua, rat nhieu ngudi
tiep nhdn kidn thde qua tmdng hpc vd cdc
kenh tinydn thdng. Nhiing tin hidu ddng
mdng ndy ddng thdi cung I^ gidi vi sao nhd
Rdng va hpi ddng gia ldng khdng eon giu
vai ttd ttpng yeu trong qudn ly san xudt vd
gido dpc the he tre dupe niia.

Tu nhihig nam ddu the k;;- XXI, mpt so
ldng bdt ddu xuat hidn khai nidm mdi Id
"nhd Rdng vdn hda" do Nhd nude xay dyng
bang vat lidu hidn dai, md phdng hinh dang
nha Rdng. Giai phap ndy da gdy nhidu
tranh eai giiia nhiing ehuyen gia vd cdc ca
quan qudn ly vdn hda. Tinh Gia Lai dd td

chuc mdt hpi thdo (nam 2004) dd ban ve
vdn dd nay. Ndm 2014, Uy ban Nhdn dan
Tinh Dak Ndng tidp tuc td chdc Hpi thao
<i>Khoa hpe "Xdy dyng d&i sdng vdn hda </i>

<i>ndng thSn m&i - Khu vuc Tdy Nguyin ", vdn </i>

de bao tdn kidn true nhd Rdng tiep tuc dupe
khoi lai, chirng td tdm quan trpng eua edng
tiinh ndy ddi vdi van hda traydn thdng edc
ddn tdc Tdy Nguyen hien nay.

<b>2.3. Kidn true nha d </b>

Trong ba logi hinh kidn trdc d Tdy
Nguyen, cdng ttinh nhd d it chiu anh hudng
bdi sy thay ddi tin ngudng nhdt, nhung lai
chiu tdc ddng ldn do sy chuyen ddi cda
hinh thde td chdc lao ddng sdn xu4t va
quan ly xd hdi kidu mdi. Cac sd lieu eu dd
ghi nhan rdng vdo khoang gifl-a thd ky XX
trd ve trade, nhflng ngdi nhd ddi eda ngudi
E De thudng ddi ddn 100m, ttong do c6 3
den 4 the hd cdng chung sdng. Vi nhidu ly
do, nhd ddi eda ngudi E Dd cdng ngay edng
ngdn lai theo ndm thang, ddn nay h^u nhu
hp dd tdch ra thanh cac gia dinh ridng Ie
nhu cde ddn tde khde, ddng thdi sd lupng
nhd ddi cung ngdy cang it dan. Theo thdng
kd eda Sd Van hda The thao va Du ljch
Tinh Ddk Ldk, tgi thdi didm ndm 2012 tidn
dia ban toan tinh chi cdn 2.608 ngdi nha ddi
tmydn thdng, ehidm khoang gdn 30% ttong
tdng sd nhd d cda ddng bao E De, nhieu

budn ldng d thanh phd Budn Ma Thudt
khdng edn ngdi nhd ddi ndo.

<b>3. KHAI T H A C K I E N T R C C TRUYDN </b>

T H 6 N G TRONG DU LJCH T A Y
NGUYEN

<b>3.1. Tinh hinh djch vy luu tru du lich t?i </b>
<b>Tay Nguyen qua cdc v3n bdn thong kd </b>

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TAP CHi KHOA HQC DAI HQC VAN LANG S6 03 / 2017

Nguydn td ndm 2000 ddn nam 2015, sd
luong, phan bd vd xdp logi dich vu luu tru
tai Tay Nguydn rdt thdp. Tinh ddn nam
2011 chi cd 140/1.086 ea sd trdn toan vdng
dupe xdp hang, ttong dd da sd ehi dat chat
lupng tu 1 ddn 2 sao. Toe dd cdi thien ehdt
lupng dich vu luu tru ciing dien ra rat
chgm, td 2009 ddn 2011 vdn ehi eo 1 ca sd
dat chuan 5 sao, dich vu 4 sao tang td 8 len
9 CO sd, 3 sao tang td 7 len 10 co sd. Den
nam 2016, theo danh sach cua Tdng cue Du
lieh Viet Nam, tinh Lam Ddng cd dich vu
luu tru phat trien nhat ca ve sd lupng ldn
chdt lupng (hai khach sgn va mpt resort
ehudn 5 sao; ba khu nghi duong va tam
khdch san chudn 4 sao, mudi tam don vj
luu tru khdc dat chudn 3 sao tiong do ed

mdt sd ldng du lich), tidp den la Dak Ldk
(hai khdch san chudn 5 sao, mot khach sgn
ehudn 4 sao, bdn khdch sgn chuan 3 sao),
Gia Lai va Kon Tum deu chi cd mdt khdch
san chudn 4 sao va mpt khdch sgn chudn 3
sao, ridng Ddk Ndng bidn nay van dang
ttong qua trinh xdy dyng, chi cd hai khach
san dat chuan 3 sao.

Vd phong each, cdc khdch san dgt tidu
chudn 4-5 sao hdu hdt ddu sd dung hinh
thde kidn true hien dai mang tinh qude td,
khdng lien quan den van hda dia phuang.
Dgc bidt, chi ed mdt sd lang du lich tgi Ldm
Ddng ldy cam hdng td kidn true tmydn
thdng dupe xep hgng 3 sao, cdn Iai tat cd
cde dia didm dang dupe dia phuang lya
ehpn lam didm phat tridn du ljch van hda
cdng ddng, ehinh la nhung nai cdn bdo tdn
dupe nhidu cdng ttinh kidn tinic tinydn
thdng nhdt, ddu chua Ipt vdo danh sach xep
hang td 3 sao trd len.

Thang 12/2016, ndi dung hdi thao vd

<i>"Tiim ndng vd phdt triin du lich tinh Gia </i>
<i>Lai" do Uy ban Nhan dan tinh td chuc eho </i>

thay du lich van hda cpng ddng Id mpt
trong nhung hudng chd lyc md dja phuang

sd thu hut dau tu. Theo mdt tham ludn tai
hpi thao nay, muc chi trd tiung binh hidn
nay eua nhiing du khdch ddn Vidt Nam vi
muc dich tham quan, nghi dudng la 70 ddn
90 USD/ngudi/ngdy [3], nhu vdy mdc chi
tidu cda du khdch tgi Tdy Nguydn rat thdp
so vdi cd nude, khach ndi dja 22
USD/ngay, khach qude te 67 USD/ngay.
Dae biet, mde ehi tieu phan bd khdng ddu
ttong vung, cao nhdt d Tinh Ldm Ddng
(khdch ndi dia 31 USD/ngay, khach qude te
110 USD/ngdy), thdp nhdt d Tinh Kon Tum
(khdch npi dia 15 USD/ngay, khach qude td
50 USD/ngay). Ben egnh do, thdng ke eua
Tdng cue Du lich cung cho bidt 68% khdch
npi dia vd 65% khdch qude td ddn Tinh
Lam Ddng vi muc dieh nghi dudng, va
83% khdch qude td ddn Tinh Kon Tum vi
myc dich tim hidu van hda, ddng thdi sd
lupng khdch ddn Tinh Lam Ddng ludn vupt
trdi gdp nhidu lan so vdi cac tinh khdc
(doanh thu ndm 2016 cua Tinh Lam Ddng
ehidm 4.400 ty ddng ttdn tdng doanh thu
ban 4.800 ty cda todn vung). Didu nay
chdng td doanh thu cua du lich toan Tdy
Nguyen hipn nay chu ydu chi nhd vdo du
lieh nghi dudng tgi Tinh Lam Ddng.
<b>3.2. Thyc tr^ng m$t sd cc sd du lich nghi </b>

<b>dudng cd sir dung kidn true truyen thong </b>

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TAP CHI KHOA HQC DAI HOC VAN LANG Hd Th| Thanh Nhin
phuang dupe tdc gia khdo sat sau day ddu

chua xudt hidn ttong danh sach xdp hang,
gdm Memory mini Resort, Ldk Tented
Camp (Dak Lak) va Binh An Village
Resort (Da Lgt).

Dupe xdy dyng tai km 8 qude Id 14,
Memory mini Resort ehi ed mdt khdi kidn
true duy nhat, tang dudi gdm Id tan, bep va
cdc cdng trinh phu, tdng tidn gdm ede san
san ddn gid. Id nai khach ngdi ngam canh
vd giao luu, cung 8 phdng luu tru vdi didn
tich khoang 10-I2m^ gia tiiud td 400 ddn
600 ngan ddng/ddm. Hd bai su dung edng
nghe ion, khudn vien sdn vudn kha khiem
tdn nhung rdt duyen dang va thoang mat.
Khdi kien true hidn dgi soi bdng xudng mat
hd, tudng bao xdy td nhung he khung gd
dupe lay edm hung tu kien true nha dai
truyen thdng E Dd, mdi ttanh ddy gan
20cm, kdt cdu dd mdi hodn todn bang tte
bude ddy mdy dde bidt dn tupng, gidp cde
phdng nghi mat me quanh ndm, nha vd sinh
tuy nhd nhung sach se, day dd trang thidt bj
hien dai. Vdi cdch tidp ddn thdn thidn va
gan gui, khach mdi hdu hdt do khach cu
gidi thidu den. Cd thd gpi day la md hinh

kinh doanh Home-stay chdt lupng eao ban
Id mdt Resort dung nghTa.

Tpa Ige tien mpt ban ddo phia bde Hd
Ldk, Ldk Tented Camp cd tdt ca mudi lam
khu nha leu vd bdn bungalow. Gia thud nhd
Idu la 2,2 tridu ddng/ddm va gia bungalow
Id 4,2 tridu ddng/ddm, chi danh cho 2 ngudi
ldn vd midn phi cho tid em dudi 6 tudi ngu
chung giudng, tre ttdn 6 tudi cd giudng phu
vdi phy thu 540 ngdn ddng/ddm, bao gdm
dn sang. Du khach bidt den resort nay nhd
nhieu ngudn thdng tin, ttong do ddng kd la
nhd eae phan hdi tdt tren didn dan du lich

qude td TripAdvisor. Resort cdn ddu tu m0t
website tieng Anh, chd yeu nhdm den du
khach phuang Tay. Ngoai cdc khu luu ttd
dupe thiet kd cd thdm m j cao va lpi thd goc
nhin td ban dao ra bd, Lak Tented Camp
eon td chuc cac boat ddng vui choi giai tri
kha tbu vj nbu cheo thuydn Kayak, thuydn
dpc mdc, dap xe dia hinh di thdm cdc budn
van hda, xem nghd nhdn lam gdm, hp eiing
kdt hop vdi tour du lieh cudi voi cda dja
phuang, td chdc cdc show diln edng chieng
nhu eae ea sd tien bd. Cdng chieng tai day
dupe bidu dien ttong nhd dai E Dd, tuy
nhidn ngdi nhd nay lai lap ngdi, ngodi cdu
thang vd he e^t chinh theo phong each

tiuyen thdng thi mpi ehdt lieu khdc ddu qua
mdi, chua hodn toan hoa hop vdi phong
each kien true vd chdt lieu truydn thdng.

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TAP CHi KHOA HQC DAI HQC V A N LANG S6 03/2017
khde,... ngay ttong khudn vien khep kin cda

resort, hode tham quan, mua sdm d khu vye
tiung tdm, tham cde thdng cdnh hd Xudn
Huang, hd Tuyen Lam, cac di tich ehua
chien va nha thd, ldn dinh Lang Biang
ngam toan canh tiidnh phd, hoac chai golf d
Ddi Cu.

<b>3.3. Thuc trang mdt s6 khu du lich van </b>
<b>hda cgng ddng </b>

Theo thdng kd cda Sd Van hda, Thd
thao vd Du lich Tinh Dak Lak, chi ttong ba
quy ddu nam 2016, tinh da ddn 480.000
lupt du khach, trong do chi cd 45.000 lupt
khach qude td, nhu vay khdch ndi dia
chiem sd ddng tgi day. Ddng thdi, thdng ke
cua Cue Phat tridn Du lich eho bidt 65%
khach npi dja den Ddk Ldk ehpn cac tour
du lieh cpng ddng vi mue dich tham quan,
tuy nhien doanh thu chi dat 364 ty ddng,
binh quan 750.000d/du khach. Con sd
khiem tdn nay cho thdy hidu qua khai thac
du lich vdn hda tai ddy rat kem. Dupe biet

tinh da chpn mdt sd budn ldng dd phdt trien
du lich van hoa c0ng ddng nhu budn Akd
Dhdng (thanh phd Budn Ma Thudt), budn
M'lidng, budn Jun (Huydn Lak), budn
Nidng (Huyen Budn Ddn), Budn H'Dinh
(Huydn Cu M'gar). Vao thang 10 nam
2016, tdc gid da tim ddn khdo sat thuc te
hai tiong sd edc budn ndy nhdm tim hieu
nguyen nhdn vi sao du lich cpng ddng cda
tinh lai cd doanh tbu qua thap nhu vdy.

Budn Akd Dhdng cda ngudi E De tpa
lgc ngay ttong long thanh phd Budn Ma
Thudt, each Trung tam Nga Sau chi ban 2
km vd phia bde. Dudng sd trong budn deu
trai nhua sach se, hdng rdo cdy edi dupe cdt
tia gpn gdng. Ngoai sdn xudt ndng nghidp,
mdt sd hp dan dd bidn ngdi nha san phia

tmdc thanh nai kinh doanh du lich (shop
luu nipm, ea phd, nha hang, khach sgn,...)
vd xdy nhd ttdt phia sau dd d. Dgc biet, tuy
sdng trong ngdi nhd mdi nhung mpt sd gia
dinh vdn duy tri md hinh dgi gia dinh, nhu
nha dng Ma Lin (43 hem Trdn Nhat Duat)
ed 9 ngudi con, trong do cd 3 ngudi da kdt
hdn va sinh con nhung vdn d chung vdi cha
me, tinh ea vp chdng dng la bdn hd d chung
mpt nhd.

Budn Akd Dhdng ed mdt vdi khdch sgn
quy md nhd, ndi bat nhdt la khdch sgn
Yang Sing vdi dich vu luu tiTi (29 phdng),
nha hang (sde ehua 400 khdch) va quan cd
phd deu sd dung kieu nha sdn ttong khudn
vien cay xanh kha rpng rai, mdt me. Quan
ca phe Ami cdch khdch san Yang Sing vdi
ttam met cung dupe trang tti lay cam hdng
tu kidn true va dieu khdc truyen thdng dia
phuang. Cudi budn la mdt con dudng nhd
re vdo khu du lich sinh thai Ddu Ngudn cd
nha mat cdu cd, thu gian va an udng dupe
bien tau td nha sdn tre lap ed ttanh. Nam
2008, Nha nude da hd tra kinh phi xdy
dyng them mpt ngdi nhd sdn ehung ldm noi
sinh hogt edng ddng eda budn vd bieu didn
edng chieng phue vu eae tour du lich van
hda.

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TAP CHl KHOA HQC DAI HOC V A N LANG Hd Thj Thanh Nhitn
ttong dd hidn dai hda, vi tinh chat "nua

budn lang, nda thanh thi", ddng thdi khdng
cd nhidu phong dc, dich vu gidi tn', sdn
phdm du lich dac sac. Vi vgy, khdch du lich
thudng luu trd tai cac ea sd ttong trung tdm
thdnh phd va ehi ddn Akd Dhdng tham
quan, cdu ed thu gidn vd dn traa.

Cung thdi gian nay, tdc gia cdng ddn

khdo sat thye dia tgi budn Jun ven Hd Lak,
Thi trdn Lidn San, each tiung tam thdnh
phd khodng ban 50km theo qude Id 27, cd
tuyen xe buyt rat thu|n tidn. Cu ddn nai
ddy chd ydu la ngudi Mndng. So vdi Budn
Akd Dhdng, ddu tu cua edc co sd du lieh tgi
Budn Jun khdng cao. Khu du lieh cdng
ddng quy md nhat tgi day hidn nay cd the
kd den ea sd Vdn Long, tai ddy chi co mdt
nhd sdn duy nhdt gdm 30 giudng ddi, gia
thue 100 ngan ddng/giudng va eae giudng
chi cdch nhau m^t ldi di nhd. Ndu thud
nguyen can, gid chi 2 tridu ddng/ddm.
Ngoai ra, co sd nay cdn cd mdt day nhd xay
2 tang don sa, gdm nhieu phdng nhd, mdt
nhd hdng phye vy tdi da 80 khach, cd show
didn cdng chieng theo yeu cau, gid 1,5 den
2 tridu ddng/show tuy theo sd lupng
chieng. Dieh vu luu ttd cdn lgi trong budn
Jun ehii yeu la cac Home-stay ty phat, dieu
kidn ve sinh d cdc ca sd ndy ehua dupe chd
trpng, tap tmng vao vide cho thud chd ngd,
du khach cdn an udng vd gidi tti ddu phai ty
Hdn he bdn ngoai. Budn Jun thu hut khodng
1.000 den 1.500 khach du lich mdi nam
nhd canh quan Hd Lak cung vdi ddn voi
hon 20 con eua tu nhdn cung tham gia Hpp
tdc xa Du ljch Budn Jun td nam 2001, cdc
eo sd du lich cd thd thud dd td ehde tour
cudi voi tham quan cac budn vdn hda va

ngam canh hd.

Cdch khdng xa budn Jun Id khu du Heh
Ldk resort, tpa lac ttong khudn vidn cdy
xanh mdt me vdn thude ve cdnh quan dinh
Bdo Dgi, nai ddy cd hai nhd san ldm noi
luu trd, tuy nhd be nhung phong each kidn
true gan giii vdi kidu truydn thdng ban so
vdi ea sd du lich Van Long, gid thue vd ndi
thdt ddu tuong duong, khdng cd gi ngoai
ndm, gdi vd cdc bdng den. Chidm da sd tgi
Lak resort la edc bungalow don vd ddi xay
dyng theo kidu kidn true hien dai, gia
phdng gap ddi gia nha sdn. Ngoai ra, resort
ndy eiing eho thue tat ca cdc phdng tiong
dinh vdi mdc gia bungalow, ndi that dinh
eung thidu ddu tu cham sdc vd ttang tri npi
<i>thdt. Khi tdc gid khao sdt, chi mpt vai </i>
bungalow cd khach luu tru, nhd sdn va ldt
cd cac phdng tiong dinh deu dang bd trdng,
khu nha hdng vd hd bai ddu rat vdng ve.

Nhin chung, chi phi du lieh cpng ddng
d Dak Lak rat re, tuy nhidn, gia re khdng co
nghTa la du khach sd hdi long. M^t sd du
<i>khdch d budn Jun khi duac phdng vdn da </i>
thang thdn ehia se rdng hp ddc bidt thieh
thu vdi cam gidc ngdi tidn lung voi di dao
quanh Hd Lak va sd gidi thidu cho bgn be
va ngudi than, tuy nhidn, hp khdng cd hdng

thu quay tid lgi Hd Lak vi chdt lupng edc
dich vy luu ttd, dm thye dia phuong qua
kem so vdi ky vpng, eanh quan thidn nhien
dep nhung khdng gian van hda khdng dgc
bidt an tupng, ngogi trd nhiing show didn
edng chieng vao ban ddm.

4. KET LUAN VA DE X U A T

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TAP CHI KHOA HOC DAI HQC V A N LANG

nguydn Dd Lat cd kbi hdu mat me quanh
ndm, phu hpp vdi nhu cau nghi duang, edc
cao nguyen cdn Igi mudn nang cao doanh
thu, khdng cdn cdch nao khdc Id phai ndng
cao chat lupng dich vu du ljch cdng ddng.
Trong sd cac ca sd dupe khdo sat d ttdn,
md hinh kinh doanh cda Ldk Tented Camp
la dang de tham khdo. Theo dd, cdc ea sd
luu tru ndn chpn vi tti cd cdnh quan thien
nhien dep, dau tu ca sd vdt chat ddp dng
nhu cau nghi dudng hidn dai dd ed tbd thu
phi luu trd cao, kem theo cdc dich vu vui
chai giai tri ndi bp (cheo thuydn, leo nui),
tuy nhidn vd tham my ndn cd y tudng kidn

true vd bai tri khdng gian lien quan ddn vdn
hda tiuydn thdng dia phuang, ddng thdi vi
tri tpa lac phai rat gdn vdi edc khu bdo tdn
van hda de cd thd td chdc cho du khdch

tham gia vao cac boat ddng trai nghidm
ttong eae budn lang. Chinh quydn dia
phuang nen khuyen khich doanh nghidp
gdp phan tu bd cdc kidn true ttong ddn vd
chinh ttang mdi trudng theo each "nhd
nude va nhan dan cung ldm", nhdm khai
thac du lich ttdn mdt khdng gian van hda
"that", sdng dpng, hon la gia lap nhung
kien true va cdnh quan truydn thdng vd hdn
ttong md hinh kinh doanh khep kin.

<b>TAI LIEU THAM KHAO </b>

<i>1. Ban chi dao tdng dieu tta dan sd vd nhd d Trung uong (2000), Tong diiu tra ddn so vd </i>

<i>nhd & Viet Nam ndm 1999, Tdng cue thdng kd, HaNdi. </i>

<i>2. Ban ehi dao tdng dieu tta ddn sd vd nhd d Tmng uong (2010), Tong diiu tra ddn sS vd </i>

<i>nhd & Viet Nam ndm 2009, Tdng cue thdng kd, Ha Npi. </i>

<i>3.Ngd Van Doanh (1995), Li hgi bo mdBac Tdy Nguyin, Nxb. Van hda ddn tdc. Ha Ndi. </i>
<i>4. Luu Hung (1994), BuSn ldng cd truyin xic Thugng, Nxb. Van hda ddn tdc. Ha Npi. </i>
<i>5. Le Vdn Minh (2016), Xu hu&ng du Hch todn cdu hien nay vd nhirng vdn di dgt ra doi </i>

<i>v&i phdt triin du lich tinh Gia Lai, Hdi thao Tiim ndng vdphdt trien du lich tinh Gia Lai, </i>

Uy ban Nhdn dan Tinh Gia Lai.

<i>6. Nguydn Thi Kim Vdn (2013), Tin nguang vd tSn gido ddn tgc Bahnar, Jrai, Nxb. Van </i>

hda ddn tdc, Hd Ndi.

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