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<b>NHIN RATHt Gidl </b>

<b>BAI HGC RUT RA TIT PHAP LUAT V i DAG DU1C </b>

<b>CONG CHUC CAC NUtTC CHAU A </b>

iTilS-LEDINHMUin

X

ay dflng mdt dpi ngu cdng chflc
chuyen nghiep, cd du nang lyc vd
pham chat ddp flng yeu cau cua
nen hdnh chfnh phdt trien Id mdi quan tam
cua bat cfl qud'c gia ndo tren the' gidi. Quy
t i e dao dflc ddi vdi cdng chflc dUpc phdp
luat ghi nhan vd bao dam thyc hien Id van
de rat dfldc quan tam vd tiep tyc hddn thien
nham xay dyng mdt dpi ngO cdng chflc trong
sach, t i n tyy phyc vy sfl nghiep cdng.

Phdp luat ve dao dflc cdng chflc dfldc
cdc qudc gia tren the gidi quy djnh thee
hfldng cy the va the hien dfldi hinh thflc cd
gid trj phdp ly cao Id cdc dao luat. Kinh
nghiem ve xay dyng vd thyc hien phdp luat
ve dao dflc cdng chflc cua mdt sd nfldc cd
dieu kien phdt trien kinh te - xa hdi tfldng
ddng vdi Viet Nam d chau A cd the nghien
cflu hpc tap cd chen Ipc trong qud trinh thflc
hien cai cdch hdnh chfnh, xay dyng dpi ngu
cdn bd, cdng chflc d nUdc ta hien nay.

<i>1. Phap luat ve dao dUc cong chUc Trung Qudc </i>

Ke tfl khi thdnh lap nfldc, Trung Qud'c da
tien hdnh nhieu ddt cai cdch. hdnh chfnh
trong dd rat chu y tdi xay dyng dpi ngu cdng
chflc ddp flng yeu cau phdt trien dat nfldc.
Bfldc tien quan trpng trong viec xay dyng dpi
ngu cdng chflc Id chuye'n ddi truyen thdng
quan ly cdng chflc tfl che dp nhan trj sang
che dp luat trj. Phdp luat ve dao dflc cdng
chflc Trung Qudc cung cd nhOng bfldc phat
trien nha't djnh nham myc tieu tuyen chpn,

<i><b>(*) Vi$n Nha nUdc va Phap luat, HQC VIQH </b></i>
<i><b>Chinh trj - Hanh chinh qudc gia Hd Chi Minh </b></i>

SLf dyng vd ddnh gid dpi ngO cdng chflc ca
ve pham chat dao dflc vd ndng lyc thflc thi
cdng vy. Cdc quy djnh ve dao dflc cdng
chflc dfldc the hien dfldi hinh thflc van ban
cd gid trj phdp ly cae Id cac dao luat. Tfl nam

1993, Tham chi'nh vien Trung Qud'c da ban
hdnh Dieu le tam thdi ve cdng chflc; ngdy
27/4/2005 Luat cdng vy da dfldc Qud'c hdi
Trung Qud'c thdng qua vd cd hieu lyc tfl
ngdy 1/6/2006.

Tfl nam 2003 den nay, Trung Qudc thflc
hien cai cdch hanh chfnh giai doan 5 gan
vdi myc tieu thay ddi thyc sfl chflc ndng cua

chfnh quyen theo hfldng chuye'n tfl chfnh
quyen vd han (lam mpi viec) sang chfnh
quyen hflu han (chi quan ly d tam vT md
bang phdp luat), khdng lam thay cdc doanh
nghiep vd chfnh quyen cap dfldi. Phdp luat
ve dao dflc cdng chflc Trung Qud'c cung
tiep tyc dUdc sCfa ddi vd hoan thien phu
hdp. Trong td chflc thflc hien phdp luat ve
dao dflc cdng chflc, che dp cdng vy cua
Trung Qud'c cdn cd them cd quan chiJ quan
ehdng tham nhung vd Idm trong sach dpi
ngu cdng chflc (Bd Gidm sdt). Chflc nang
cua cp quan nay Id thyc hien quyen gidm
sdt cdc cd quan nhd nfldc thyc hien cdc
chfnh sdch cua nhd nfldc, thy ly cdc td cdo
cua cdc Cd quan vd cd nhan cdng chflc,
dieu tra cdc hdnh vi vi pham phdp luat cua
cdc cd quan, cdng chflc. Ngodi ra cdn cd
chflc ndng kien nghj vdi Chfnh phu sCfa ddi,
bai bd, ban hdnh mdi cac chfnh sdch de gdp
phan vdo cai cdch hdnh chfnh va xay dyng
nen hdnh chfnh vflng manh.

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Cdc bien phdp kiem sodt va xCf ly hanh vi
vi pham phdp luat ve dao dflc cdng chflc
cung dfldc thyc hien mdt cdch nghiem chinh
khdng cd ngoai le. Nhflng hanh vi vi pham
ve dao dflc, Idi sdng cua cdng chflc trong
nhQng nam qua dUdc dua ra xfl ly nghiem
minh, cd tdc dyng trong viec chan chinh va

xay dyng dao dflc cdng chflc.

<i>2. Phap luat ve dao dUe cong chUe </i>
<i>Nhat Ban </i>

Nhat Ban la mdt trong nhflng nfldc cd
nen kinh te phdt trien tren the gidi (dflng thfl
hai sau My). Cai cdch hanh chinh dupe
Chinh phu thflc hien tfl nhflng thap nien 70
the ky XX; trong nhflng nam dau cua the ky
XXI, cdng cudc cai cdch hanh chinh d Nhat
Ban cd nhflng bUdc chuyen quan trpng vdi
mue tieu xay dyng mdt bd mat nha nUdc
mdi, mdt xa hdi mdi de phdt trien va phdn
vinh. Phdp luat ve dao dflc cdng chflc Nhat
Ban la mdt trong nhflng yeu td quan trpng
cija the che cdng vy. Bai hpc kinh nghiem
qua cai cdch hanh chinh ndi chung va cai
each cdng vy ndi rieng cua Nhat Ban la coi
trpng gid trj dao dflc cdng chflc. Chfnh phu
Nhat Ban da xay dflng hai bd luat rat quan
trpng lien quan den cdng chflc la Luat cdng
chLfc va Luat dao dflc cdng chflc. Theo dd,
pham chat, dao dflc vd y thflc cdng dan cua
cong chflc, cOng nhU viec bdi dUdng, nang
cao nang lyc chuyen mdn cho cdng chflc,
chu trpng nang lyc va ket qua cdng tdc cija
cong chflc la nhflng van de ma Chi'nh phu
Nhat Ban het sflc quan tam. Bdi vi, chi cd
nhu vay mdi bao dam cho qud trinh tuyen

dung cdng chflc d i i n ra thyc sy nghiem tuc
va bao dam cho cdng chflc ludn la hinh m i u
cua cdng dan Nhat Ban dfch thyc, de mpi
ngudi noi theo.

Luat dao dflc cdng chflc nam 1999 vdi 6
chUdng, 46 dieu quy djnh ve dao dflc cdng
chufc, trong dd xdc djnh rd myc dich cua viec
dieu chinh phdp luat ve dao dflc cdng chflc
nham gdp phan duy tri dao dflc cdng chflc
va ngan chan nhflng hanh vi vi pham dao
dijfc eua cdng chflc trong hoat ddng cdng vy.
Mot trong nhflng ndi dung cd ban cua Luat
dao dufc cdng chflc Nhat Ban la quy djnh cy
the ve van de nhan qua bieu va nghTa vy ke
khai cua cdng chflc ddi vdi qua bieu trong
hoat ddng cdng vy. Qua bieu cd gid trj 5.000

Yen phai ke khai va quy djnh rd thdi han
phai ke khai'^'.

<i>3. Phap luat ve dao dUc cong chUc </i>
<i>Thai Lan </i>

Thdi Lan la mdt nudc quan chu lap hien,
da sd ngUdi dan theo Phat gido (95%). Thdi
Lan tien hanh cai cdch khu vyc cdng tfl
nhflng thap nien 90 the ky XX, trong dd Hien
phdp mdi dUpc ban hanh nam 1997. Vdi yeu
c i u cua da't nude, ddi hdi chat lUpng hoat

ddng cua bd mdy hanh chfnh phai dfldc
nang cao, ddc biet yeu cau de cao trdch
nhiem cua cdng chflc trong thyc thi cdng vy,
ddp flng yeu cau cua ngudi dan trong dieu
kien dan chu ngdy cang dUpc md rdng. Ben
canh dd, hien tupng chay mdu chat xdm tfl
khu vyc cdng sang khu vyc tu cung Id van
de Chfnh phu phai quan tam trong chUdng
trinh cai cdch hanh chfnh ndi chung va cai
cdch cdng vy, trong dd cd dpi ngu cdng
chflc ndi rieng.

Cdc quy djnh phdp luat ve dao dflc cdng
chflc Thdi Lan nham thyc thi chien lUpc cai
cdch vd phdt then nhan sy de xay dyng dpi
ngu cdng chflc cd du nang lyc, trinh dp vd
dao dflc hodn thdnh td't nhiem vy; dUpc quy
djnh trong he thdng cdc van ban phdp luat
mdt cdch khd ddng bd, dd Id:

- Hien phdp 1997, Dieu 77: Nha nudc cd
trdch nhiem xay dyng ke hoach phdt trien
chinh trj, tieu chuan dao dflc cija cdc nhd
chi'nh trj, cdc quan chflc cija Chfnh phu, cdc
can bd, cdng chflc nha nfldc nham ngan
chan te nan tham nhung vd nang cao hieu
qua hoat ddng cdng.

- Bd luat cdng vy nam 1992, Dieu 9 1 :
ngudi cdng chflc phai tuan thu cdc quy djnh,

cdc hoat ddng hdnh chfnh vd quy che dao
dflc cdng vy do Uy ban Cdng vy ban hdnh.

- Ke hoach cai cdch quan ly khu vflc
cdng (1997-2004), Ke hoach sd 5: cai cdch
gid trj vd van hod: Chfnh phu se khuyen
khfch nhflng hdnh vi vd thdi dp cd tinh than
xay dyng va cd dao dflc cua dpi ngu cdng
chflc, ddng thdi tien hdnh xay dyng quy che
dao dflc cdng vy va m i u gid trj mdi cho cdng
chflc, bao gdm sy tdn trpng quyen con
ngUdi, de cao tam quan trpng cua sy chuyen
c i n , tinh than ky luat, tfnh trung thyc, tinh
than trdch nhiem vd sy cdng bang. Cd che
quan ly ngudn nhan lyc phdi bac gdm viec

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khen thudng nhQng ngfldi lam viec cd hieu
qua va cd cac bien phap xCf phat nhflng cd
nhan lam viec kem hieu qua va khdng cd
dao dflc nghe nghiep.

- Luat dao dflc cdng vy dUdc ban hanh
nam 1994, gdm 4 chfldng ve dao dflc, trong
dd de ra nhOng nguyen tac flng xfl cua cdng
chflc trong thyc thi cdng vy, bao dam tinh
hieu qua va hieu lUc hoat ddng thflc thi cdng
vy cua cdng chflc. Ben canh dd, cac quy
djnh cua Luat dao dflc cdng vy cung de cao
danh dy va danh tieng cua cdng chflc nham
khuyen khich sfl ngUdng md va tdn trpng

cua cdng chung.

Ndi dung cp ban cua Luat dao dflc cdng
vy Thai Lan bao gdm:

<i>ThU nha't, dao dUc ca nhan: nguyen t i c </i>

dao dflc va tieu chuan dao dflc tdt; nghTa vy
vdi sy trung thUc, khdng tim kiem ldi fch cd
nhan; duy tri thai dp tich cflc va ty phdt trien
cua ban than mdi cdng chflc.

<i>ThU hai, dao dUe trong cong sd: trung </i>

thyc, cdng bang va khdng thanh kien; thyc
hien nhiem vy vdi kha nang cao nhat cung
sy sieng nang va chfnh xdc trong cdng viec;
ky luat gid giac va sCf dung thdi gian cua mdi
cdng chflc mdt cdch cd ich nhat trong cdng
sd; bao ve tai san va can than trong sCf dyng
tai san cdng.

<i>ThU ba, dao dUe trong mdi quan he vdi </i>
<i>ddng nghiep, cap tren va cap dUdi: hdp tdc, </i>

giup dd va l i n g nghe; quan tam tdi cap dUdi
ve tinh than, ddng cd lam viec va hanh phuc
cua hp; xay dyng tinh t h i n ddng dpi va
phUdng phap lam viec theo nhdm khi thyc
hien cdc cdng viec, nhiem vy; cd thai dp nha

nhan va mdi quan he tdt vdi mpi ngudi.

<i>ThU tu, dao dUe trong mdi quan he vdi </i>
<i>nhan dan va xa hgi: phyc vy nhan dan cdng </i>

bang va nha nhan; de cao sy that; tranh
nhan qua va cac dac an vupt qua mfle quy
djnh.

Cung vdi viec ban hanh Luat cdng vy,
viec td chflc thyc thi dfldc Chinh phu chu y
va de ra nhflng giai phdp phu hpp. Thang
6/1995, Chi'nh phu phe chuan ke hoach thyc
hien Luat dao dflc cdng vu, trong dd cd cac
giai phdp: dUa chUdng trinh va cac giai phap
thyc hien Luat dao dflc cdng vu vao ke
hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hdi; ndi dung
dao dflc cdng chflc la mdt thanh phan bat

budc trong chfldng trinh dao tao cdng chflc d
mpi cap, trong thi tuyen vd de bat cdng
chflc; tieu chuan dao dflc va ddnh gid ve
dao dflc nghe nghiep cua cdng chflc trong
hanh vi cd nhan cua cdng chflc'^'.

<i>4. Bai hge rut ra tU kinh nghiem cac nUdc </i>
<i>chau A trong viee xay dUng va thUc hien </i>
<i>phap luat ve dao dUc cong ehUc </i>

<i>- Nghien cflu de xay dyng va ban hanh </i>

Luat dao dflc cdng vy. Kinh nghiem cua cdc
nfldc cho thay cac quy djnh phdp luat ve dao
dflc cdng chflc dUdc dieu chinh bdi nhieu
van ban phap luat khac nhau, trong dd Hien
phdp cd cdc quy djnh mang tfnh nguyen tac
va dfldc cy the hda trong cdc van ban phdp
luat ve cdng chflc, cdng vy. Cdc nfldc deu
cd Luat cdng vy, trong dd chfla dflng cdc
quy djnh ve dao dflc cdng chflc gan vdi tieu
chuan cdng chflc, quyen va nghTa vy cdng
chflc, quan ly, khen thudng vd ky luat cdng
chflc. Tuy nhien, cac quy tac, chua'n myc
dao dflc cdng chflc trong thyc thi cdng vy
can dfldc quy djnh thd'ng nha't trong mdt van
ban cd gid trj phdp ly cao la Luat dao dflc
cdng chflc.

Viet Nam da cd Luat cdn bd, cdng chflc
(2008), trong dd cd 4 dieu quy djnh mang
tfnh nguyen tac ve dao dflc cdng chflc. Thyc
hien Luat phdng, ehdng tham nhung cdc bd,
nganh da ban hanh Quy t i c ve flng xCf cua
can bd, cdng chflc cdc bd, nganh vd chfnh
quyen dja phUdng. Tinh tdi dau 2009 da cd
26 bd, cd quan ngang bd, cd quan thudc
Chfnh phu ban hanh Quy tac ve flng xCf cua
cdn bd, cdng chflc'^'. Tuy nhien, vdi yeu cau
cai each hanh chi'nh, cai cdch che' dp cdng
vy, lam trong sach dpi ngu cdn bp, cdng

chflc, can rd sodt cac Quy che flng xCf cua
can bd, cdng chflc da ban hanh vdi myc tieu
hudng tdi xay dyng, ban hanh Luat dao dflc
cdng chflc, gdp p h i n dap flng yeu cau xay
dyng nha nfldc phdp quyen X H C N . Mat
khdc, cdc nfldc cd nen hanh chfnh phdt trien
deu coi hoat ddng cdng vy la mot dang hoat
dpng mang tinh chuyen nghiep, la mdt nghe
trong bd may nha nUdc va coi dao dufc cdng
vy la mdt dang dao dflc nghe nghiep, vi vay,
can cd quy tac dao dflc chung cho hoat ddng
cdng vy cua cdng chflc.

<i><b>(Xem tiep trang 31) </b></i>

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quan trong qud trinh giai quyet cdng
viec tai bd phan mdt cfla.

Thfl ba, cdng tdc thanh tra, kiem
tra viec thyc hien cd che mdt cCfa,
mdt CLfa lien thdng d cdc dPn vj
phai dflpc tien hanh thfldng xuyen
de phdt hien, bieu dUdng kjp thdi
nhflng dPn vj, ca nhan lam tdt, phe
phdn nhac nhd, udn nan nhflng ddn
vj, ca nhan lam chfla td't.

Thfl tfl, c i n dp dyng cdng nghe
thdng tin trong giai quyet hd sP tai
bd phan mdt cCfa, nham hd trp cho

viec lien ket, phdi hdp gifla cdc
khau tdc nghiep, gifla cdc cp quan,
bd phan chflc nang cung tham gia
XLf ly va giai quye't cdng viec dflpc
nhanh ehdng va hieu qua hPn.

Cdng tdc cai cdch hanh chfnh
ndi chung va cai each thu tyc hanh
chfnh ndi rieng trong nhflng nam
tdi dflpc tinh VTnh Phuc xdc djnh la
nhiem vy trpng tam, la khau ddt
phd trong chien Iflpc phdt trien kinh
te - xa hdi cua dja phflpng. Cdc cd
quan, ddn vj c i n tie'p tyc rd sddt
loai bd cdc thu tyc hanh chi'nh
mang tfnh quan lieu, rfldm ra; hodn
thien cac thu tuc hdnh chi'nh theo
hudng cdng khai, ddn gian, thuan
tien, giam tdi da ve thu tyc, ve thdi
gian giai quye't cdng viec, trdnh
phien ha cho td chflc vd cdng dan.
Thflc hien cd che mdt cCfa, mdt cfla
lien thdng di vao ne nep ket hpp
vdi ddo tao, bdi dfldng nang cao
chat lupng dpi ngu, nang cao tinh
than trdch nhiem va dao dflc cdng
vu cho cdn bd, cdng chflc ddng
thdi tie'p tyc hien dai hod cdng sd
va cdng tdc quan ly, dieu hanh cua
cac CP quan nhd nfldc; tang cfldng

dau tfl kinh phf, cd sd vat chat de
thyc hien cd che mdt cCfa, mdt cCfa
lien thdng d cdc sd, ban, ngdnh va
UBND cdc cap Id gdp phan chung
tay thyc hien cai cdch nen hdnh
chinh nhd nfldc de' phye vy nhan
dan ngdy cdng td't hdn a

<b>BAI HOC RUT RA TV.. </b>

<i><b>(Tiep theo trang 48) </b></i>

<i>- Nguyen t i c dao dflc ddi vdi Chinh phu, cdng </i>

chflc khi thyc thi cdng vu dfldc coi la nguyen t i c
vang ma phap luat ve dao dflc cdng chflc cCia cdc
<i>nudc deu the hien: "Can phai ddi xd vdi ngUdi khac </i>

<i>gidng nhu minh mong mudn dUac ddi xd" (Golden </i>

rule that we should treat others as we wish to be
treated). Trong xay dyng phdp luat ve dao dflc
cdng chflc d nfldc ta hien nay, nen tiep thu kinh
nghiem nay cua cdc nfldc.

- Trong td chflc thflc thi phdp luat ve dao dflc
cdng chflc, cdc nfldc deu de cao cdng tdc giao
dye, ben canh xCf ly nghiem minh cdc hanh vi vi
pham phdp luat ve dao dflc cdng chflc. Cdng tac
gido dye dao dflc cdng chflc mang tfnh b i t budc

trong quan ly cdng chflc; de cao gido dye dao dflc
cdng chflc va cd nhOng hinh thflc, phflpng phdp
giao dye phu hpp, cd tdc dyng lau dai, tham sau
vdo tflng cdng chflc trong bd mdy nhd nfldc.

- SCf dyng cd hieu qua sflc manh cua dfl luan,
dac biet la vai trd cua cac co quan thdng tan, bdo
chf trong viec gidm sdt hanh vi flng xfl cua cdng
chflc trong thi hdnh cdng vy. Bdo chf va cdc
phflpng tien thdng tin truyen thdng tham gia tfch
cyc vao viec phdt hien nhflng bieu hien vi pham
vd tdn vinh nhflng tam gUPng ve dao dflc cdng
chflc, cd tdc dyng to ldn trong thyc thi phdp luat
ve dao dflc cdng chflc. Thflc hien cdng khai, minh
bach trong hoat ddng cdng vy cua cdng chflc,
gdp phan giam thieu, tie'n tdi loai bd nhflng hanh
vi vi pham phdp luat ve dao dflc cdng chflc, dac
biet la nhflng hdnh vi sdch nhieu, gay phien ha
cho cdng dan a

Ghi chu: '

<i>(1) Ngudn: www.jinji.go.jp/rinri/eng/index.htm. </i>
<i>(2) Sach "He thdng cdng vu va xu hUdng cai </i>
<i>each cua mot sd nUde tren the gidi" eiia TS. Thang </i>
<i>Van Phuc, TS. NguySn Minh Phuang, Thu Huyen, </i>
<i>Nxb CTQG, H 2004. </i>

<i>(3) Bao eao sd 135/BC-CP ve Cong tac phdng, </i>
<i>ehdng tham nhung ciia Chfnh phu ngay 19/9/2009. </i>

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Đề tài Luật chống bán phá giá của Mỹ và những Bài học rút ra từ vụ kiện bán phá giá.pdf

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