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IVIY_TH_UAr-_J<;iEN I R O C .

Khong gian tupng ddi Lenin. Anti Phqm Lii
<b>LIS: Mgt klidng gian nghe thuat </b>
<b>cong cgng dep nghia la no hgi tu </b>
<b>du ba yeu to: ban than cong trinh </b>
<b>nghe thuat do cb chat lugng tham </b>
<b>miji; su tuong ufng hgp ly vol khong </b>
<b>gian xung quanh cong trinh do va </b>
<b>vj tn dja ly cua toan bg khong gian </b>
<b>do tien lgi cho cong chiing khi </b>
<b>thUOng lam, giai tn. Tinh den thoi </b>
<b>diem hien nay, ngi do Ha Ngi cb 16 </b>
<b>dja diem nghe thuat cbng cbng cb </b>
<b>tinh chat lau ben, gom cac tuong </b>
<b>dai nhan vat ljch suf xa hbl, dai </b>
<b>tudng niem su kien Ijch suf va vuon </b>
<b>tirgng. Ben canh db la mgt cbng </b>
<i><b>trinh dang thi cbng (dU an Con </b></i>

<i><b>ffifong gom stf ven song Hong^. Bai </b></i>

<b>Viet dubi day trinh bay mgt khao </b>
<b>sat so bg ve ba yeu to nbl tren cua </b>
<b>cac khbng gian nghe thuat hien cb, </b>
<b>hubng den cau tra loi: noi nao la </b>
<b>khbng gian nghe thuat cbng cgng </b>
<b>dep nhat cua thu db. </b>

KlnoNq q'lAN

NqhE itiuAT coNq coNq

dep i\[w hA iNoi

DAO MAI TRANG

Yeu td chait lugng nghe thuat

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<b>VAN HQA NGHF THUAT TROMC MIWC </b>

<b>c </b>
o
<b>c </b>
-<
<i>o </i>

<b>O) </b>

<b>c </b>

<b>'O </b>

<b>I </b>
o
o
<b>.c </b>

dua vao mdu sd chung ciia eae danh gia nay d l
xae nhdn hay ddng thuan vl chd't lugng nghe
thudt cita cae cdng trinh nghe thuat cdng cdng
la can thiet.

Trong vdng nam nam trd lai ddy, tren cdc
diln dan thdng tin dai chting, nhtfng cdng trfnh
nghe thudt dugc ban de'n nhilu nhd't vl chat
<i>lugng ndi len ed tugng dai Cdng nhdn (d gdc </i>
ben phai san trude eiia Cung van hda Hifu
Nghj) va tugng dai Ly Thdi Td d vudn hoa Ly
Thai Td (1). Chat lugng nghe thuat cita tugng
<i>dai Cong nhdn tirng dugc md xe tren bdo Tiin </i>
Phong (2). Theo dd, nhd dieu khde Duang Ddng
cdn, thanh vien Hdi ddng nghe thuat thdm djnh
tugng dai nay nhan xet Id "khdng cd y ttf gi
mdi". Khi nhan xet vl cdc nhan vat trong ciim
tuang dai, dng bay td: "Trong sd cdc nhdn vat
cita Viet Nam, tdi dae biet khdng vtra y nhan
vat em thieu nhi nam d gdc nhin ben trdi tugng,
guong mat trdng khdng khac gi cita mdt dng
gia. Vi day la eiim tugng td thuc nen ciing cd
nhifng ydu cdu nhdt dinh eiia loai hinh nay.
Khdng phai chi cd rieng tdi ma nhilu thdnh
vien trong Hdi ddng nghe thuat eung yeu edu
tac gia sira nhtmg dng ay cd hifa ma khdng lam.
Ly do dua ra Id de cho dng ay mgt khoang tu do
sang tao ehtf neu edi gi eung nghe theo Hdi

ddng thi cdn dau la tac phdm ciia dng ay!". Cdn
dugc hdi vl viec tugng dai nay cd nhieu chi tidt
rd't gid'ng vdi mdt cum tugng dai d Trung Qudc,
thi dng dua ra y kie'n: "Ne'u so sanh chi tie't den
mtic nhu vay thi tdi khang djnh la tugng dai

cdng - ndng - binh nao cung gid'ng nhau ca thdi.
Cdn nhin ky ra thi phai thira nhan la nhdn vat
trong ctim tugng ddi ciia Trung Qudc dep han
ciia ta nhilu, nhd't la guong mat cita anh cdng
nhan trong tugng dai ciia hg trdng that rdn rdi,
canh tay cam dude trdng cung rat manh me, rat
dep, khdng nhu tugng cita ta...". Nhting thdng
tin nay cho thd'y phdn nao ve chat lugng nghe
thuat khdng tuang xtfng vdi trj gia tiin ti cita
<i>tugng ddi Cong nhdn. </i>

Ba ctim tugng dai, phti dieu lien quan de'n
cudc khang chie'n chd'ng Phap, thang 12-1946
<i>Id: Cam tu cho td qudc quyet sinh (nam 1984, </i>
sdt gdc tudng din Bd Kieu, khu vtic Hd Hoan
<i>Kie'm), Quyei tu de td qudc quye't sinh (nam </i>
2004, vudn hoa Van Xudn, gdc phd Hang Ddu)
<i>va phil didu Hd Ngi mua dong ndm 1946 (nam </i>
2004, ke cdng chg Ddng Xuan). Ctim tugng dai
thtf nhat cd ba nhan vat, dtfng hoac ngdi rdi rac
ben nhau, mgt cd gai mac do dai, cdm guam
hudng ngudi vl phia den Nggc San, mdt anh
li'nh mac do tran thii dting difng cay bom ba
cang lai cd hudng trtic dien, mdt anh Ifnh khac
thi cdm khdu AK ngdi va nhin chech vl phfa
phai. Giifa cae nhdn vat khdng cd mdt sgi day
lidn ddi the hien qua hinh anh cd tfnh chat nghe
thuat ndo (nhu la bilu trung,- phdng nin,...).
Tuong tti, ctim tugng dai thtf haf cung cd nhdn
vat anh Ifnh mac do trd'n thii dm bom ba cang,

song la quy chdn, cung cd cd gai mac do dai
cam guam nhung ed hoi khac d tugng dai thii
nha't Id vung guam thdng len trdi, chtf khdng
cdm ngang hdng... Btfc phti didu cdn lai cung
cd dang nhdn vat nhu vay, chi cd khac ddi chiit
vl vj trf, hudng nhfn. Chfnh vi sir tuong ddng
nhau de'n mtfc thai qua nhu vay ndn ca ba btfc
tugng dai va phit didu nay diu khdng dugc danh
gid cao vl chat lugng nghe thuat, ke ca trong
gidi chuyen mdn ldn cdng chting quan tdm.

Tugng ddi Quang Trung (nam 1989, go
Ddng Da) cung cd nhtmg phdn thie't ke khdng

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MY THUAT - KIEN TRUC

hoan thien, phan than phfa dudf bi tao khd'i mgt
each nang nl, nhan vat ed ddng tien vl phfa
trudc md nhu bj nfu gitf chan laf. Dai tudng
niem cac chien si each mang nha tit Hda Ld
(nam 2001) tiia nhu mdt pho sir thu nhd kl lai
cdc cau chuyen vl sti chju diing eac hinh thtic
tra td'n trong nhd tti lich sir ciia chie'n si each
mang Viet Nam, tao hinh dep vd dac biet chan
chtfa tinh cam cita tde gia. Vi vay, dai tudng
niem gay xtic cam ft nhflu cho ngudi xem.
Cdng trinh nay ttrng dem lai uy tin nghi nghiep
cho hai tde gia Le Lien vd Khiie Qud'e An, ttrng
duge d l cir giai thudng Thang Long - Ha Ndi
(nam 2002) (3).

Nam 1985, Hd Ndi cd mdt cdng trinh tugng
ddi dugc dac biet chti y vl y nghia chfnh trj:
tugng ddi Lenin tai vudn hoa Chi Lang (nam
2003 dugc ddi ten thdnh Cdng vien Lenin).
Rieng vl cha't lugng nghe thuat, day la tugng
dai duge eoi la dep nhat Ha Ndi vl cdc ly do ea
ban: tugng duge dtic bdng ddng den nguyen
khdf tai Lien Xd, tde gia la nha dieu khde A.
Chuarencop, mdt trong nhifng tac gia tham gia
thuc hien cdng trinh tugng dai ndi tieng ciia
<i>Lien Xd Me td qudc. Tugng cao 5,2m, nang 5,5 </i>
td'n, dugc dat tren be da hoa cuong eao 2,2m,
mieu ta chan xdc chan dung nha lanh dao each
mang vd san kiet xuat cita nhan loai. Tugng ed
tu the dep, hinh bdng (shillouet) chudn xdc nen
ngudi quan sat dtfng tir phfa nao cung nhan dien
tugng mdt each d l ddng.

Tugng ddi Ly Tii Trgng duge diing tai vudn
hoa ven Hd Tay ttr nam 1966, mang y nghia
chfnh tri nhilu hon la nghe thuat. Tugng ddi
nay cung khdng cd nhieu gia trj nghe thuat,
mang phong each ta thtic nhung dang ve ctfng
nhdc, xa each. Tuong ttr nhu vay la btfc tugng
<i>dai Khdm Thien khac sdu cdm thu gidc My </i>
dtrgc dting bdng xf mang trong nam 1973 va
chuyen ddf sang chat lieu ddng nam 2002, ky
niem 30 nam ngay My nem bom xud'ng khu
phd nay. Btfc tugng mang y nghia chfnh trj va

xa hdi sau sdc, song khdng ai nhdc de'n nd nhu
mdt diem sdng vl nghe thuat tugng ddi. Btfc
tugng chdn dung anh Trdi (trong cdng vien
Thd'ng Nhd't), tugng chdn dung Jose Marti

Perez (1853 - 1895) vj anh hung dan tde Cu Ba,
lanh dao phong trao ddc lap cita dat nudc nay
thodt khdi sir cai tri cita thtrc dan Tay Ban Nha,
dting tai vudn hoa nhd gde ngd ba Le Thdnh
Tdng - Ly Thudng Kiet, cung khdng cd diem gi
dang chti y vl mat nghe thudt dyng tugng chdn
dung, chua ke den sii khdng phii hgp vl dja
diem, khdng gian khien eho hieu qua mgi mat
ciia eae bifc tugng them phan suy giam.

Cd hai bifc tugng dai dugc dting ttr thdi Phap
thude ma dd'n nay vdn cdn. Thti nhdt Id btfc
tugng vua Le That Td (dyng nam 1896), duge
cho la cita dan gian, do khdng cd luu trif nao vl
danh vj cy thi cita ngudi dung tugng. Day Id
mdt btfc tugng todn than, dugc lam bdng ddng,
guang mat vua Le cd sdc net ciia tugng Phat.
Vua mac do hoang bao, mdt tay cdm cdy guam
gia len ngang ddu, md phdng lai eau chuyen
dan gian vl sy tfch hd Hoan Kfem. Tugng dugc
dat tren mdt cay cdt da cao gap khoang 5 ldn
chilu eao eiia tugng, khdng tuang xtfng vl ti le
giifa buc be (ttfe cay cot) vd tugng theo tieu
chuan tugng dai hien dai. Phfa trude tugng la
mdt ngdi mfeu nhd phye vu eho muc dfch thdp

huang dang II thd phung. Tuang dugc lam
khdng phai vdi myc dfch nghe thuat, hay trang
trf eho cdnh quan dd thj nen each thtfc tao dung
btfc tugng vd canh quan xung quanh hodn todn
khac vdi each lam eiia ngudi Phap duang thdi
khi dyng tugng chan dung nhan vat lich sir. Vf
du so sanh la btfc tugng chan dung Loufs
Pasteur (1822-1895, nhd khoa hge danh tie'ng
ngudi Phdp) tai vudn hoa mang ten dng d gde
dudng Yersin. Btfc tugng ndy duge lam vdi muc
dfch tudng niem mdt eon ngudi dugc menh
danh Id an nhan eiia nhan loai song song vdi
myc dfch tao diem nha'n chti y cho khdng gian
vudn hoa. Bifc tugng chan dung duge tac dep,
sdc net, dugm ve suy tu, gdn gui vdi chan dung
ddi thudng ciia mdt nhd khoa hge danh tieng.
Tugng duge dat tren mdt be da cao gap 3 ldn
chilu cao cita tugng (tdng chilu cao cita ca be
vd tugng Id khoang 2,5m), mdt ti le phti hgp vdi
dien tich khdng gian bao quanh.

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<b>VAN HOA NGHF THUAT TROMC MIWC </b>
(nam 2004). Tuy nhidn, hai vudn tugng nay diu
khdng duge du ludn nghi nghiep ddnh gid eao
vl chat lugng nghe thuat thuan ttiy, thay vao dd,
ehiing dugc chti y vi thdi diem vd y nghia ra ddi
nhilu hon (4).

Chi can dilm qua vl chd't lugng nghe thuat
cita 16 cdng trinh tugng dai, vudn tugng hien cd

d not dd Ha Ndi nhu tren, cd the dl dang nhan
ra ehi cdn Iai hai cdng trinh eho den nay thyc sy
ed cha't lugng nghe thuat: tugng chan dung
Louis Pasteur (thdi Phap thudc) va tugng dai
Ldnin (nam 1985).

Hai yeu td ve khdng gian va sir tuang ung
vdi khdng gian

Day la hai yeu td phu thudc vdo su quy
hoaeh khdng gian cdng cdng dd thj cita gidi
chtic lien quan. Va thyc te', su quy hoaeh nay
lau nay dugc thyc hien khdng theo mdt tieu
chudn nao nen ludn bat cap.

Cd the ndi, ta't ea cae cdng trinh tugng dai
ngoai trdi diu duge dyng len tai nhtfng khdng
gian khdng phit hap. Trong quy hoaeh Cung van
hda Hifu Nghj do Lfen Xd gitip, khdng ed noi
nao danh eho mdt khdi tuang dai hoanh trang d
phfa san trudc. Vj trf hfen nay eiia eym tugng
<i>dai Cong nhdn khdng hgp Iy bdi ben phai ,va </i>
phfa sau nd bi bd hep bang hang rao tudng bao,
nhan them sy khap khieng giua do ldn cita cum
tugng (cao khoang 8m, gdm 35 tan ddng) vdi
<i>khdng gian xung quanh. Tuong ty, tugng dai Ly </i>
<i>Thdi Td (tdng chilu cao ciia tugng va be la </i>

<i>10, Im) eung ed chilu eao qud khd so vdi khdng </i>
gian xung quanh, vd chi ed thi dtfng ngam nhin

tugng tir phfa trude, cdn hai ben va phfa sau bj
vudng bdi cae hang cay cao nien, hoac bdi thie't
ke eiia khu vye dat tugng. Day la mdt su bat cap
cita thiet ke khdng gian bao quanh tugng dai.
<i>Cum phti dieu Hd Ngi miia ddng ndm 1946 </i>
duge dat tai mdt vi trf ciia khu chg ddu mdi
Ddng Xuan, hoan toan lae long vdi nhjp dieu
cudc sdng noi day va thdm chf cdn bj sir dung
vao nhifng myc dfch dan sinh trai ngugc hoan
todn vdi mue dfch xay dyng cdng trinh. Tugng
<i>dai Quyet tu cho td qudc quye't sinh eung qud </i>
<i>klid so vdi khdng gian bao quanh, den mtfc ttrng </i>
cd y kie'n phe phan gay gdt thiet ke tugng dai

nay do hinh anh anh bd ddi dm bom ba cang
nhu dang chia thdng vao mdt ngdi nha tren phd
<i>Quan Thanh ke ben. Tugng dai Khdm Thien </i>
<i>khde sdu cam thit gidc My dugc bd trf d mdt </i>
khdng gfan qua chat hep tren phd Kham Thien,
cd Ie dugc chti y bdi y nghia Ijch sir hon la nghe
thuat. Trong khi dd ddi tudng niem cac chie'n .si
bj giam d nha tti Hda Ld thi dugc thyc hien d
ben trong khu di tfch Nha tit Hda Ld, vd ehi ed
khach tham quan vdo ben trong noi nay mdi ed
CO hdi thu'dng lam cdng trinh. Tugng ddi Quang
Trung cung dugc tga lae tai nhtfng dja the khdng
phit hgp eho mdt cdng trfnh nghe thuat cdng
cdng, thay vao dd Id y nghia ljch sir thudn ttiy:
khu vye gd Ddng Da, tuang truyin la md chdn
quan nha Thanh. Trong khi dd, tugng chdn dung

vj anh himg ddn tgc Cu ba Jose Marti Perez
duge dat d mdt khdng gian khdng nen ed mdt
bifc tugng ndo, bdi ddi vudn hoa noi ed btfc
tugng qua nhd hep, cd vai trd tao phdn each giao
thdng d nga ba dudng, nhu mdt dao giao thdng
nhd md thdi...

Rieng vdi biic tugng chan dung Louis
Pasteur, khdng gian bao quanh tuang kha phii
hgp chilu cao eiia toan bd tugng. Tugng dugc
dat d vj tri trung tam ciia vudn hoa, bd'n phfa
xung quanh tugng diu cd khdng gian thoang
dang, hai bdn vl phfa sau cita tugng dugc bd trf
mdt sd cay cd tan la, ggi cam giac dm trgn lay
btfc tugng md vdn khdng Idm khuat lap tugng,
dem Iai cam giac am ap cho btic tugng. Day la
mdt vudn hoa ed dien tfch nhd, phit hgp vdi
thie't ke dd thj thdi Phap thudc. Hien tai, nai nay
vdn la mdt dilm vui chai gidi trf eiia eu ddn
xung quanh. Va han che cita vj trf dia Iy noi nay
Id nd ndm d mdt gde ridng bidt gdn vdi khu ddn
eu, chif khdng phai la noi tham quan cita khdch
vang lai, khach du ljch. Ddi sdnh vdi dd, tugng
dai Lenin dugc tga lac tai mdt dja dilm ly
tudng. Cdng vien Lenin cd hinh tam giac, hai
canh phfa dudng Trdn Phii va Hodng Dieu diu
ddi dien vdt eac day nha cdng sd hoae dai sir
quan nudc ngoai. Vi vay, vide chgn phfa canh
giap dudng Dien Bidn Phit dd dung quang
trudng va tugng dai quay hudng ra phia nay la

hodn todn hap Iy. Khdng gian phfa trude tugng

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iSC'H'* _{MY THUAT-KIEN TRUC}

rat thoang dang, ngoai qudng trudng rdng
khoang 3.600m2 trong tdng thi dien tieh
17.813m- eiia toan bd cdng vien, ngudi quan
tam edn cd thi difng trdn via he ben kfa dudng
<i>dl ngdm tugng ma khdng cd cam giac vudng </i>
<i>viii, do dudng Dien Bien Phit cd Idng dudng vd </i>
via he rdng rai, hai ben tugng vd phfa sau tugng
lai la khu vye cdng vien, hau nhu ehi cd cay
xanh bao quanh tya vdng tay dm trgn btic
tugng, khie'n nd khdng bj tro trgi giua khdng
gian. Neu di vdng quanh khu cdng vien nay
tren dudng Trdn Phti va Hodng Dieu, ngudi ta
vdn ed thi nhin thdy dang tugng eao Idn, vung
chai. Tdng chilu cao ciia tugng vd bye be la
7,4m, trong dd phdn tugng eao 5,2m. Dilu kien
thyc tiin de dan chting den tham quan, vui chai
quanh khu vuc tugng dai nay cung thuan lgi vd
phil hap hoan canh cudc sdng. Liln nd'i vdi khu
vye quang trudng va tugng dai Id via he rdng rai
vd thuan tien cho viec de xe mdy, xe dap. Day
la mdt khfa canh tam ly cd the af dd cho rdng
qua ehi tiet, song Iai hit stfe quan trgng. Sy tien
Igi eiia viec de phuang tien giao thdng se tae
ddng tfch cyc den tam Iy eiia con ngudi. Ben
canh dd, khach tham quan Vien bao tang quan
sy Viet Nam d phfa ddi dien cung dl dang

ngdm nghfa tugng ddi khi dtfng ben kia dudng,
hoae ed the dl dang di sang du'dng d l de'n gdn
hon vdi cdng trinh. Viee bd tri tugng dai tai mdt
nai ed nhilu diem tham quan, du hch hoac di
tich ljch sir, van hda cung la mdt cdch ket nd'i
nghe thuat cdng cdng vdi da dang cdng chting
hon, ttr dan chting dia phuang de'n khach tham
quan trong va ngoai nude. Theo bao chf trong
nudc xuat ban nam 1985, ngodi viec tugng dai
Lenin duge lam tai Lien Xd, todn bd thiet ke
khdng gian xung quanh tugng do mdt kien trtic
su nude nay dam trach, ben canh dd, viec thi
cdng cung do mdt ky su trudng nude nay tdng
chi huy vdi sy tham gia ciia khoang 800 cdng
nhan Viet Nam. Da hoa cuang lat nen quang
trudng vd ldm be tugng, xi mang trdng va thiet
bj chie'u sang cho cdng trinh cung dugc dua tit
Lien Xd sang. Cdng trinh nay la mdn qud ma
Dang cdng san Lien Xd tang Dang cdng san
Viet Nam trong djp dodn dai bilu Dang cgng

san Lien Xd sang Viet Nam dy Dai hdi Dang
ldn thtf nam, thang 3-1982 (5).

Thay ldi ket

Ttr nhung khao sat vd phan tfch so bd tren
day, ngudi viet bdi mud'n dua ra mdt nhan djnh:
khdng gian nghe thuat cdng cdng dep nha't Ha
Ndi (tfnh den thdi diem hien tai) chfnh la khu

vye tugng dai Lenin. Vugt qua nhtfng y nghia
chfnh tri tai thdi dilm ra ddi, khdng gian nay la
nai vui ehai, giai trf quen thude cita rat nhilu
tang ldp nhan dan. Viec thudng thifc nghe thuat
cd the khdng phai la myc tieu ldn cita tat thdy
mgi ngudi khi de'n day vd y nghia tdn tai ciia mdt
khdng gian nghe thuat cdng cdng ft nhilu khac
vdi ctia mdt bao tang chtfa dung cac tac phdm
nghe thuat. Chi cd dilu, khi de'n khdng gian dy,
khi quen thude vdi khdng gian ay thi vide nai dd
ed mdt cdng trinh nghe thuat dep thyc sy cd y
nghia eho nhan thtfc thdm my cita eon ngudi.

Dilu dang tie'c hon ea, day lai khdng phai Id
cdng trinh hodn todn do ngudi Viet Nam thyc
hien, ttr thiei ke'tae phdm de'n tao dung khdng
gian... Hy vgng rdng bdi viet nhd ndy nhu Id
mot ddng gdp thdng tin vd tu lieu gitip gidi
chtfe Ifen quan vd ede nha dfeu khde, kie'n trtic
su... cd them mot ldn nhin lai nhifng quyet djnh
ciia mfnh trong viec tham gia tao dung cdc
khdng gian nghe thuat cdng cdng tai thii dd, de
sdm cd dugc mdt khdng gian cdng cdng thuc sy
dat gia tri nghe thuat, tuang hgp vdi nhu cdu
thdm my va hudng thy khdng gian cdng cdng
eiia ngudi dan dja phuong, dac biet la do chfnh
<i>ban tay vd khd'i dc ciia minh lam nen a </i>

D.M.T

<i>1. 4. Xem them Dao Mai Trang, Nghe thudt cong </i>

<i>ciing d Hd Npi, ba vi du dien hinh. Tap chi \'dii Iwa </i>
<i>Nghe lliiigl .so 310, thang 4-2010. </i>

<i>2. Thtiy Van. Copy hay cdc y tudng ldn gap nhau?, </i>
<i>Bao Tien Phong ngay 4-3-2005. lr.7. www.tienphong.vn. </i>

<i>3. Trang Thanh Hien, Tupng ddi Hd Npi - mpt cdi </i>

<i>nhin lgi. Ky yeu Hoi thao Dieu klidc ngodi trai. Vien My </i>
<i>tliiigt Dai hoc My thuat Ha Npi. thang 10-2006. </i>

<i>5. Hai Nhiim. Mol cong trinh lan ciia tinli Intii nglii </i>

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