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<b>TipdriCftmttcTftipta </b> <b>THUCiNG T H O C TON GIAO </b>

<b>Di tfch chua Ba Danh </b>

I deb tbi xd Phu Ly chung 15km, men

theo con dd ta ngan sdng Day la din
_ ' xd Ngpc Son (huydn Kim Bang, tinb
Ha Nam). Chfla Bd Danh ngu bdn bd sdng
Ddy hiln hda. Chfla khdng ldn, khdng nguy
nga ti-dng Id nhung dupc ddt trong khung
cdnh thdn dd, um tum nhung bdng cdy cd
tiiu. Trdn mdt bdi ddt bdi cao, quanh chfla
khdng cd nha d. Ndm bdn canh la ddng
sdng Day liing Id hdi, thua thdt thuyin be.

Cflng nhu cdc ngdi chiia khdc, chfla Bd
Danh thd Phdt, song d chua Ba Danh ngodi
tupng Bd fat cdn cd tupng cua Thai
Thupng Ldo Qudn, tirpng Nam Tdo, Bic
Ddu vd cdc tupng cua tin ngudng Tii Phu,
mdt tin ngudng eua ddn gian Vidt Nam. Cd
hrpng cua hd thdng Tii Phu vi chua thd
Tu-Phdp. Su tich Tur Phdp vdi cdc bd me Mdy
(Phdp van), Mua (Phdp Vfl), Sdm (Phdp
Ldi), Chdp (Phdp didn) nhu Id su hdn dung
gifla Phdt gido vdi tin ngudng ddn gian bdn
dia da duoc chip hong truydn Man Nuong
ciia LTnh isfam cbinh quai <Trdn Thi Phdp,
thi ky XIV, Vfl Quynh- Kilu Phu, 1492).

Cdu chuydn vl gdc td Tu* Phdp dupc

hinh thanh tii me Phdt Man Nuong dd lan
tiuyin khdp vung ddng bdng Bic Bd vd
cflng dupc luu bdnh d ddy. Ngudi ddn Kim
Bdng tin ring, tii khi thd Tii Phdp vflng Bic
Ninh dupc mua thudn gid boa, phong ddng
hod cdc, mfla mdng bdi thu. Do vdy, hp ben
hop nhau ldn xur Bde dl xin chdn nhang vl
tiid. Cdc ldng Vdn Ldm, Ddng Xd, Vdn
Chdu, Bdu Thdn, Bdi Ll...dd xin chdn
nhang, tac tupng Tii Phdp dl tiid, tii dd, tiic
tiid Tii Phdp lan tiuyin d cdc xd vflng ven
sdng Ddy hdn ddt Hd Nam. Dia phuang cdn
luu hdnh mdt huyin tiiuylt sau: hudc ddy,

<i>if vung ndy ludn gdp mua to, gid ldn ndn </i>

vi|e sdn xudt gdp nhilu khd khdn, mfla

<b>DIEU PHUC </b>

mdng thdt bdt gdy ra canh ddi kem triln
midn. Cho din mdt hPm, mpt cu gid cao
tudi hong ldng nim mdng thdy mpt ngirdi
con gdi he trung, xinh dep, doan hang,
khudn mdt phuc hdu, vdng hdn va ddi mdt
thdng minh hidn ra ndi rdng: Ta dupc than
eho vl ddy dl chdm nom vd chi khu ning
ddu ldng ldm noi dung chfla. Noi dy bay gid
Id vat rung ram rap cd nhilu cdy cd thu, sat
bd sdng Id mpt hdn nui nhd, nhd minh ra

mdt nudc, hong ning rdn rd tiing chim
quang cdnh that la thdn tidn.

Ngdi chua ban ddu dupc xay dung
tranh tre mia la don so, din nam Vinh Trj,
ddi Ld Hy Tdng, khu rung nay mdi dupc
md mang quang dang dl xdy chfla lai cho
khang hang. Khu vuc ndy cdm nha ddn
ldm nha d ndn cdnh chua cang thdm hang
nghidm, vdng vl. Ngdi ehua dupc xdy
dung it Idu thi cd mdt cdy mit cd thu d
quanh chua bdng dung bj gid to quat dd,
ddn ldng dd ddn lay gd dl tim thp vl tac
tupng. Bdng nhidn cd mpt khdch thap
phuong tim din chfla ndi ring minh lam
nghi tac tupng va dupe bao mdng den day.
Ngudi khach ta hinli dang vd dung nhan
ngudi con gdi dd bao mpng thi thdy gidng
hdt vj thdn dd bdo mpng cho cu gia trong
ldng. Ndm dy gdp mua mua Ifl, nudc sdng
ddng cao, tac tupng gdn xong thi dudi bin
nudc trudc chua cd vdt la, nua ndi, nua
chim, khong trdi theo ddng nudc, day ra
mdy ldn lai thdy trPi trd lai. Thay chuydn
la, ddn ldng vdt ldn xem thi boa ra dd la
<i>mdt cdi ngai bing gd ben rude ngay \ao </i>
chiia. That la Iflng pho tupng tac xong thi
ddt vua kbit vdo ngai. Tu dd trong vflng
mua thudn gid boa, mfla mang bpi thu,
tiing ddn Thdnh Ba Bao Son linh iing lan

tiuyin khdp noi, khach thdp phuong vl Id

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<b>THI/CING THLTC TON GIAO </b> <b>Tpp dri l»ig tdc TAi lite </b>

rat ddng. Nhiing ngirdi lam ngbl sdng nude
xudi ngupc qua doan sdng nay gdp mua Ifl
diu ldn ciiua thip huong cdu mong ydn dn.
Truyen thuyit nay cd ddi net gdn gfli
vdi truyin thuyit Man Nuong, d nhiing chi
tilt nhu cdy gd hdi sdng (truydn Man
Nuong) va ngai gd hdi sdng (truyin thuyet
vl Ba Danh), d ban chat cua vj thdn ea hai
noi thd deu la nu than ndng nghidp. Ngodi
ra, d truyin thuyit ve Ba Danh ta cdn thay
bdng dang cua tuc thd than sdng nudc cua
nhdn ddn vung ven sdng Day.

Kiln triic chua Ba Danh

Chua quay mdt ra hudng Nam Sdng
Day. Phia ngoai cflng, giap vdi dirdng di va
gan bd sdng la cong tam quan ciia chfla.
Cdng trinh nay dupc ton cao hdn ldn ndm
bdc va bai dau xdy bit ddc. Tam quan cd ba
gian, bai tdng. Tang hdn cd hai ldp mdi, Ipp
bang ngdi nam, xung quanh sdn gd hang
lan can va nhihig chan song con tidn, tdng
nay sii dung lam gdc chudng, ba gian dudi
cd hd thdng cdnh cua bdng gd lim. Phia
ngoai ciia hai bdn la bai cpt ddng tru dupc

xdy nhd bin ra. Trdn ndc tam quan ddp mpt
ddi rdng chdu vao giiia. Hai bdn cdng chinh
la hai edng nhd cd tam mai, cua phia trdn
lupn cong hinh bdn nguydt. Ngdy thudng,
khach ra vao Id chu ylu di bdng cua bdn
nay, chi khi nao nha chua cd dai Id thi cua
chinb d giua mdi dupc md.

Qua cdng tam quan la khu vudn boa,
sdn lat gach, hai ddy hanh lang hai bdn.
Nha bai dudng cd ndm gian, hai ddu xdy bit
ddc, lap ngdi nam. Nhd rung dudng ndm
gian hai dau xdy bit ddc, Ipp ngdi nam, cua
diic ban ndi liln vdi toa bai dirdng. Nhd
thupng didn cd ba gian, bai ben xdy tudng
bao, phia trudc la he thdng ciia gd lim.
Ldng nha d day so vdi khu bai dudng va
trung dudng thi hep hon nhung dupc xdy
cao bin ldn. Nim ve phia tdy khu chua la
khu nha ngang gdm bai gian, ba gian viia
dung lam noi thd cac vj td dd tru tri d ddy,
hai gian ddu hdi dupc ngdn thdnh hai gian
budng lam noi d cho ngudi tu banh. Ddng

trudc nhd td la mdt sdn gach, phia ngoai la
khu vudn dl trdng hoa vdi cdy luu nidn.
Phia ddng cua khu chua Id phu thd Mlu lam
giap vdi ddy trung dirdng. Toan bd khu vuc
ehua cd tirdng bao quanh.

Chfla Ba Danh la mdt hd thdng tdng till
bao gdm nhilu edng trinh vdi gdn 40 gian
nhd. Theo nhdn ddn dja phuong eho bilt thi
ngdi chfla dd dupc xdy dung tfl" Idu ddi
nhung dupe trung tu nliilu lan. Cdc cdng
trinh cdn lai diu duoc xdy dung tii thi k;^
XIX hd lai day.

Xua nay khi nhdc tdi chfla Ba Danh,
ngirdi ta thudng hilu dd la ngdi chfla cd
canh quan son thuy huu tinh, thanh u, cd
tjch vd linh thidng ndi tieng mdt thdi. Chfla
ed ve dep cd kinh, thdm nghidm vao loai
hilm ed eua tinh Hd Nam.

Chinh gifla hd thdng cua biic ban bdng
gd lim cua tang dudi tam quan cd biic cham
ngfl phuc (ndm con doi ngam ehu thp). O
mdi cpt tru dupe thiet kl nhd bin ra phia
ngoai hai tudng bdn, nghd nhdn xua diu
ddp ndi tirdng hinh tii linh: long, ly, quy,
phuang theo thi ddi xiing, cdu ky, uyin
chuyen. Trdn ndc tam quan cd ddp mdt ddi
rdng chau mdt nguydt bdng vdi cat vd manh
sii, mang phong each rdng thdi Nguydn.
Dang ehu y nhdt d tam quan la ddi rdng da
vd doi hd da dupc bd tri dpc theo bai bdn
bde ldn xudng, theo thi ddi xiing, chdu vao
nha Bai dudng. Nlu so vdi tupng ddi rdng
chdu mdt nguydt hdn ndc tam quan, thi

tupng ddi rdng da dudi chan hong tam quan
dupe tro don gian, hiln Idnh hon, cdn
phang phat bdng dang con rdn, cbii chua
mang binh ky da. Tuong tu nhu tbi, ddi ho
dd ngdi chlcb 450 phia sau, cung dupc
cham hd don gian, hiln lanh, khong du tpn
nbu tupng ngu hd cdc noi thd khdc. Ddy la
nhflng di vdt thudc loai quy hilm ddy chdt
dan gian rat cdn dupe bao vd.

Gdn nhu toan bp nghd thudt kiln tnic va
nghd thudt cham khdc cua ngdi chiia tdp
trung thi hidn dnhd bdi dirdng - noi hdnh ll
thudng ngay cua cac nhd su vd ede phdt tii.

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<b>T9PCfeil»iittoT(ti|ito </b> <b>THObNG THLfCTON GIAO </b>

Nhd bdi dudng ndm gian, khung gd lim, ddu
hdi bit ddc vd cflng ddp ndi hai con rdng.
Quan sat tii gifla sdn gach, ngudi ta se thuc
su hiing thu khi dupc chidm ngudng bd
t h ^ g tupng dip ndi theo dl tdi "Tii long
chdu mdt nguydt" hdn ndc nhd mdi dudng.
Ca bdn con rdng, tii kilu ddng thdn hinh udn
lupn, din mdt, rdu, vudt, vdy diu rdt smh
ddng, uyIn chuyin, md cflng rdt du dpi,
tudng nhu dang vdn nhau, bay lupn hong
khoang khdng bao la. Phong cdch rdng thdi
Nguyin tbi hidn d ddy rdt ddm nit.

Ddu hai ddy hanh lang vd liln vdi nha
bai dudng la hai cdt tru cao vut, sung siing,
uy nghi. Trdn mdi cdt diu ddp ndi binh tii
linh: long, ly, quy, phupng theo tbi ddi
xiing, gpi cam gidc bai hod, cdn ddi, virng
bin. Tung dudng nit cua hinh long, ly, quy,
phupng diu todt ra ve ty my, edng phu, tdi
hoa eua cac nghd nhdn xua. Tdi nang cham
khic cua nghd nhdn xua thi hidn hdn sau
cpt cdi cua toa nhd ndy. Vi keo tbu* nhdt
(tinh tii Tdy sang Ddng) mdt mdt dp tirdng,
cham mdt lid phfl, tnic boa long, hoa hdng,
qud ddo, qud luu.

Nghd thudt cham khdc gd d chua Ba
Danii

Vi keo thii hai, mdt tiiidc cham "Ngfl
phiic" (ndm con doi), hoa mai, hoa hdng dan
tranh, but ldng qua va bdu rupu, mdt sau
cham (ngfl long hanh chdu), hoa hdng, hoa
lan. Vi keo thii ba, mdt hudc cham "Tu linh"
(long, ly, quy, phupng), "Tung md" (tiing va
ngua), "Mai dilu" (hoa mai vd chim), qua
giang cham dan tranh, dan nguydt, phach,
mdt sau, cham "Tii linh", bdu rupu, cudn
thu. Vi keo thu tu, mdt trudc phia hdn cham
"Ludng long chdu nguydt", phia dudi cham
"Tii linh", qud giang: cham hoa hdng, cdy
hing, cudn tiiu, kim tiln, dan vd sdo. Vi klo

tiiii ndm, mdt tiirdc cham mdt hd phu, nghd
chdu hai bdn, mai hod, qua giang cham: qud
ddo, phdt thu, qud luu, boa hdng, cudn thu
vd con doi, mdt sau: cham "Ngfl phuc", qua
ddo, hoa hdng, cudn tliu. Vi klo thii sdu,
(mdt mdt dp tudng) cham mdt hd phfl, thdng

hod long, tnic hod long, hdn qua giang
cham qua dao, mai, tnic, nho, luu, dao mai,
quat vai. Ngoai sau vi keo cdn cd sau cpt cai
bdng gp lim, dung gidp ranh giua nha bai
dudng vd nhd trung dudng. Trdn mPi thdn
cpt diu cham chim hinh rdng leo chau vao
ban thd d giiia gian thii ba vdi cac net cham
rdt tinh xao.

Vl mdt dl tai, nlu la dpng vat, thi nghd
nhdn d ^ noi hay cham theo dl tdi: "Tii long"
(long, ly, quy, phupng), "Ngu phuc" (nam
con doi), "Ludng long chau nguydt", "Ngu
long tranh chdu", "Tu long chdu mdt nguydt",
nlu la thuc vdt, thi cd cdc dl tai: "Tu quy"
(Tung, cue, tnic, mai), "Bdt qua" (ddo, nho,
luu, va, phat thu), nlu la thuc vat kit hpp, thi
cac cdc dl tdi: "Mai dilu" (Hoa mai va chim),
"Tiing ma" (cdy tflng vd ngua), "Tnic hda
long", "Thdng hod long"... Ngoai ra, cdn cd
dl tai quen thude nhu dan tranh, dan nguydt,
phach, sdo, but iPng, bdu rupu, quat qua va
ma ddn gian vin bilu la "Bat bdo" (tam loai

quy). Trong qua trinh sang tao, nghd nhan
xua da kit hpp till hidn nhimg dl tai udc Id
tuong trung ciia nghd thuat mang tinh cung
dinh ("Tu lmh", "Ngfl phuc", "Luong long
chdu nguydt", "Ngfl long ti-anh chdu", "Mai
dilu", "Tir quy", "Tung md") vdi nhung dl tai
thupc nghd tiiudt ddn gian nhu "Ngu qua",
"Bat qua", dan, sao, nhj, pbdeh. Ldi thi hidn
phdi hpp kheo leo giua ldi cham ndi, cham
iong vdi ldi cham chim. Tat ca diu dupc each
didu bod ma vin cd hdn, sinh dpng.

Trong nhd thupng dudng cua chiia Ba
Danh, cd nhilu tupng thd nhu tirpng Tam
Thi, tupng Ngpc Hoang va thai thupng Lao
Quan, tupng Ba Chua Danh. Cd thi coi pho
tupng Ba Danh la mpt trung tdm cua chua.
Tupng dupc tac theo tir thi tpa thiln trdn
chiic ngai den bdng (chii khdng phai la toa
sen), vdi khudn mdt dep, hiln tii, ddy nu
tinh, gdn gfli vd thdn thilt, chii khdng cd
ddng ve sidu thoat, than bi nhu cac tupng
Phdt khac. Su hai boa gifla pho tupng va
chile ngai tao ndn ve hap din cua nghd
thudt didu khdc chua Ba Danh •

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