ĐỀ MINH HỌA SỐ 21
Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in
pronunciation in each of the following questions.
1.
A. weighs
B. coughs
C. ploughs
D. soughs
2.
A. nation
B. national
C. nationality
D. nationally
Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of the
primary stress in each of the following questions.
3.
A. intellect
B. insecure
C. visitor
D. slavery
4.
A. combustion
B. achievement
C. ambitious
D. dominant
Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
5. Let’s go to the library, _______?
A. would we
B. will we
C. should we
D. shall we

6. Last year, my father ________, but now after a bad cough, he has given it up.
A. was always smoking B. always smokes
C. always smoked
D. had always smoked
7. John admitted ________ a lot of compulsory courses in his higher education curriculum.
A. to skip
B. to have skipped
C. to be skipping
D. to having skipped
8. If my time-management skills had been better, I _________ from serious stress when I was in university.
A. wouldn't suffer
B. hadn't suffered
C. will not suffer
D. wouldn't have suffered
9. An individual has not started living until he can rise above the narrow confines of his ________ concerns
to the broader concerns of all humanity.
A. individual
B. individualistic
C. individualism
D. individualize
10. One of the main drawbacks of office work is that people can be easily inflicted _________ back pains.
A. from
B. with
C. by
D. on
11. In a relationship if you are giving and getting nothing back in ________, stop giving so much, and spend
time being. Give to yourself, be who you are.
A. fact
B. the end
C. addition

D. return
12. As you grow older, you will discover that you have two hands - one for helping yourself, _________ for
helping others.
A. another
B. other
C. two
D. the other
13. In the United States, there has risen a demand that guns _________ from the public.
A. are banned
B. ban
C. be banned
D. banned
14. The festival has many attractions. It will include contemporary orchestra music and an opera. ________,
there will be poetry readings and theatrical presentations.
A. Otherwise
B. Furthermore
C. Nevertheless
D. On the other hand
15. Alex dreams of going on tour – he’s just waiting for his big __________ to get his foot in the door of the
music industry.
A. deal
B. break
C. cake
D. cheese
16. When someone is down on their __________, friends are not easy to find.
A. mood
B. luck
C. fortune
D. merit
17. He wore glasses and a false beard so that _____________.

A. anyone can recognize him
B. no one could recognize him
C. no one can recognize him
D. no one couldn’t recognize him
18. Florida, __________ the Sunshine state, attracts many tourists every year.
A. is known as
B. that is known as
C. which known as
D. known as
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the
underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
19. ln 1921, accompanied by her two daughters, Marie Curie made a triumphant journey to the United
States to raise funds for research on radium.
A. sorrowful
B. difficult
C. adventurous
D. victorious
20. Although the general manager is officially in charge, everyone knows his deputy is really in the driving
seat.
A. out of control
B. on duty
C. abusing of power D. in control of a
situation


Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the
underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
21. The matches went on till as late as 10 p.m. on Saturday and even then the A division final had to be
carried over to the next day.
A. brought forward

B. put out
C. moved out
D. put off
22. Urbanization is the triumph of the unnatural over the natural, the grid over the organic.
A. failure
B. effort
C. power
D. side
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct
word or phrase that best fits each other numbered blanks.
STREET PAPERS
The problem of homelessness is an international one. In the capital cities of the world, the sight of
people begging on the streets is becoming increasingly rare. But all over the world, homeless people are
taking the future into their own (1) ______. By selling "street papers" they no longer need to beg for a (2)
______.
The concept of the street paper is simple. It is sold by homeless and ex-homeless people (3) ______ buy
it at a fixed price of 30p and sell it to the public for 70p, keeping 40p for themselves. If they have no money,
then they can get the first ten copies on (4) ______ and pay for them later. Every paper seller receives
training and is given a special identity badge.
The paper itself contains articles of general and social interest, film and book reviews, cartoons and the
occasional celebrity interview. Advertising and sales provide most of the income, and all profits go (5)
_____ into helping homeless people.
Câu 23. (1) A. heads
B. shoulders
C. mouths
D. hands
Câu 24. (2) A. living
B. life
C. lively
D. live

Câu 25. (3) A. whom
B. who
C. which
D. whose
Câu 26. (4) A. cash
B. cheque
C. credit
D. card
Câu 27. (5) A. forward
B. out
C. through
D. back
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of
the following questions.
28. Though the police tried their best to catch the thief, he was escaped.
A. the
B. their
C. catch
D. was
29. I'm sorry to inform that he can have done very well, but he was lazy.
A. to inform
B. can
C. very
D. lazy.
30. The lesions caused by the activity of the scolytid create an entry site for secondary infection by
bacterium and fungi.
A. caused
B. create
C. secondary
D. bacterium

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct
answer to each of the questions.
In the near term, the goal of keeping AI’s impact on society beneficial motivates research in many
areas, from economics and law to technical topics such as verification, validity, security and control.
Whereas it may be little more than a minor nuisance if your laptop crashes or gets hacked, it becomes all the
more important that an AI system does what you want it to do if it controls your car, your airplane, your
pacemaker, your automated trading system or your power grid. Another short-term challenge is preventing a
devastating arms race in lethal autonomous weapons.
In the long term, an important question is what will happen if the quest for strong AI succeeds and an AI
system becomes better than humans at all cognitive tasks. Such a system could potentially undergo
recursive self-improvement, triggering an intelligence explosion leaving human intellect far behind. By
inventing revolutionary new technologies, such a superintelligence might help us eradicate war, disease, and
poverty, and so the creation of strong AI might be the biggest event in human history. Some experts have
expressed concern, though, that it might also be the last, unless we learn to align the goals of the AI with
ours before it becomes superintelligent.
There are some who question whether strong AI will ever be achieved, and others who insist that the
creation of superintelligent AI is guaranteed to be beneficial. At FLI we recognize both of these possibilities,
but also recognize the potential for an artificial intelligence system to intentionally or unintentionally cause


great harm. We believe research today will help us better prepare for and prevent such potentially negative
consequences in the future, thus enjoying the benefits of AI while avoiding pitfalls.
(source: />31. Which best serves as the title for the passage?
A. Transcending complacency on superintelligent machines.
B. No time like the present for AI safety work.
C. The importance of researching AI safety.
D. Challenges to ensuring the safety of AI systems.
32. According to paragraph 1, what is NOT mentioned as a potential benefit of AI?
A. Facilitating the identification system.
B. Managing the electricity in homes.

C. Controlling vehicles and gadgets.
D. Curing life-threatening diseases.
33. The word “recursive” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ______.
A. powerful
B. repeated
C. impossible
D. monotonous
34. The word “it” in paragraph 2 refers to _______.
A. event
B. human
C. history
D. poverty
35. According to paragraph 3, which information is incorrect about the future of AI?
A. We cannot deny the likelihood of AI turning on its creator – the human.
B. The emergence of superintelligence will yield valuable benefits for human.
C. One of the focus of AI system nowadays should be preparation and preventive measures.
D. The probability of malicious artificial intelligence is an unexpected zero.
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of
the following questions.
36. Meaningful silence is always better than meaningless words.
A. Meaningless words are not so good as meaningful silence.
B. Meaningful silence is the best among meaningful words.
C. Silence is always less meaningful than words are.
D. Words are always meaningless, and so is silence.
37. "It's the funniest show I've ever seen," Susan said.
A. Susan said that it was the funniest show she had ever seen.
B. Susan said that she's never seen such a funny show before.
C. Susan said no other shows in the world were as funny as this one.
D. Susan said that this was one of the funniest shows of all time.
38. It was wrong of you to scare your brother like that.

A. You must not scare your brother like that.
B. You ought not to have scared your brother like that.
C. You should have scared your brother like that. D. You should not scare your brother like that.
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the most suitable response to complete each
of the following exchanges.
39. Two graduates are talking with each other.
- Student A: "Then, are you working or taking a postgraduate course?"
- Student B: “________.”
A. I think I should earn a living myself rather than live on my parents.
B. I'm for working and getting experience before going into further study.
C. I think taking a postgraduate course when unemployed will really do.
D. I guess, taking a course is better than doing nothing.
40. - A: "What do you think about time management skill?" - B: “_____________.”
A. It's time to go.
B. I quite agree with you.
C. It is an important life skill.
D. I can't help thinking about it.
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct
answer to each of the questions.
People are living longer and, in some parts of the world, healthier lives. This represents one of the
crowning achievements of the last century, but also a significant challenge. Longer lives must be planned
for. Societal aging may affect economic growth and lead to many other issues, including the sustainability of
families, the ability of states and communities to provide resources for older citizens, and international
relations. The Global Burden of Disease, a study conducted by the World Health Organization, predicts a


very large increase in age-related chronic disease in all regions of the world. Dealing with this will be a
significant challenge for all countries’ health services.
Population aging is driven by declines in fertility and improvements in health and longevity. In more
developed countries, falling fertility beginning in the early 1900’s has resulted in current levels being below

the population replacement rate of two live births per woman. Perhaps the most surprising demographic
development of the past 20 years has been the pace of fertility decline in many less developed countries. In
2006, for example, the total fertility rate was at or below the replacement rate in 44 less developed countries.
One central issue for policymakers in regard to pension funds is the relationship between the official
retirement age and actual retirement age. Over several decades in the latter part of the 20th century, many of
the more developed nations lowered the official age at which people become fully entitled to public pension
benefits. This was propelled by general economic conditions, changes in welfare philosophy, and private
pension trends. Despite the recent trend toward increased workforce participation at older ages, a significant
gap between official and actual ages of retirement persists. This trend is emerging in rapidly aging
developing countries as well. Many countries already have taken steps towards much-needed reform of their
old-age social insurance programs. One common reform has been to raise the age at which workers are
eligible for full public pension benefits. Another strategy for bolstering economic security for older people
has been to increase the contributions by workers. Other measures to enhance income for older people
include new financial instruments for private savings, tax incentives for individual retirement savings, and
supplemental occupational pension plans.
As life expectancy increases in most nations, so do the odds of different generations within a family
coexisting. In more developed countries, this has manifested itself as the ‘beanpole family,’ a vertical
extension of family structure characterized by an increase in the number of living generations within a
lineage and a decrease in the number of people within each generation. As mortality rates continue to
improve, more people in their 50’s and 60’s will have surviving parents, aunts, and uncles. Consequently,
more children will know their grandparents and even their great-grandparents, especially their greatgrandmothers. There is no historical precedent for a majority of middle-aged and older adults having living
parents.
(Adapted from )
41. Which of the following best describes the main purpose of the author in the passage?
A. To present a synopsis of the causes and effects of the aging population.
B. To provide an overview of the drawbacks of the world’s aging population.
C. To suggest some effective solutions to deal with the rapid increase of the aging population.
D. To prove the significant contribution of the aging population to the world economy.
42. As mentioned in the first paragraph, the following aspects will be influenced by the aging in the society,
EXCEPT _________.

A. the stable progress of families
B. social welfare
C. medical care
D. technology achievements
43. What can be inferred from the second paragraph?
A. The birthrate in developed countries is less than that in developing nations.
B. The increase in death rate led to the shortage of laborers in developed countries.
C. The fertility of the world population is not enough to substitute the elderly.
D. The improvement in medical care is one of the reasons for falling fertility.
44. What does the word “this” in paragraph 3 refer to?
A. public pension benefits
B. the reduction of the official age entirely pensioned
C. the relationship between the official retirement age and actual retirement age
D. central issue
45. The word “eligible” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to __________.
A. entitled
B. unqualified
C. mature
D. devoted
46. According to paragraph 3, which of the following is the measure of old-age social insurance programs?
A. The decrease in the age the elderly can receive pension.
B. The encouragement the elderly to contribute more in economy.
C. Enacting many policies to increase their income before retirement.
D. Widening the gap between official and actual ages of retirement.
47. The word “manifested” in the last paragraph could be best replaced by ________.


A. illustrated
B. demonstrated
C. proved

D. recognized
48. What is the benefit of aging mentioned in the last paragraph?
A. The mortality rates are decreasing.
B. People will have the chance to live with their parents longer.
C. Children are likely to live in an extended family with more brothers and sisters.
D. The life expectancy is being improved.
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your sheet to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of
sentences in the following questions.
49. Disabled people can contribute to our community. Non-disabled people can also contribute to our
community.
A. Either disabled people or non-disabled ones can contribute to our community.
B. Both disabled people and non-disabled ones can contribute to our community.
C. Only disabled people not non-disabled ones can contribute to our community.
D. Neither disabled people nor non-disabled ones can contribute to our community.
50. More and more Vietnamese youngsters are studying English. They recognize the importance of the
language.
A. As more and more Vietnamese youngsters are studying English, they recognize the importance of
the language.
B. Seeing the importance of English, more and more Vietnamese youngsters are studying the
language.
C. More and more Vietnamese youngsters are studying English, but they recognize the importance of
the language.
D. More and more Vietnamese youngsters are studying English, or they recognize the importance of
the language.


1. B
11. D
21. A
31. C

41. A

2. A
12. D
22. A
32. D
42. D

3. B
13. C
23. D
33. B
43. C

4. D
14. B
24. A
34. A
44. B

ĐÁP ÁN
5. D
6. A
15. B
16. B
25. B
26. C
35. D
36. A
45. A

46. B

7. D
17. B
27. D
37. A
47. B

8. D
18. D
28. D
38. B
48. B

9. B
19. D
29. B
39. B
49. B

10. B
20. D
30. D
40. C
50. B

Câu 1: Đáp án B
Khi các từ có âm kết thúc là /s/, /z/, /ʃ/, /ʒ/, /tʃ/, /dʒ/ → Phát âm là /ɪz/
Khi các từ có âm kết thúc là /p/, /k/, /f/, /t/, /θ/ → Phát âm là /s/
Các trường hợp còn lại → Phát âm là /z/

Câu 2: Đáp án A
A. nation /ˈneɪ.ʃən/
B. national /ˈnæʃ.ən.əl/

C. nationality /ˌnæʃ.ənˈæl.ə.ti/
D. nationally /ˈnæʃ.ən.əl.i/

Câu 3: Đáp án B
Phương án B trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ ba, các phương án còn lại trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ nhất.
Câu 4: Đáp án D
Phương án D trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ nhất, các phương án còn lại trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ hai.
Câu 5: Đáp án D
A. put up: xây dựng, đề cử
C. put out: dập tắt

B. put off: trì hỗn
D. put on: mặc, đội

Câu 6: Đáp án A
Bởi vì ta có ‘last year’ (mang nghĩa ‘năm ngối’) là dấu hiệu của thì q khứ. Do đó ta loại phương án B
Tuy nhiên khi muốn thể hiện ý than phiền, phàn nàn về một việc gì đó ta dùng công thức:
S + to be + always + Ving
Câu 7: Đáp án D
Admit to sth/doing sth: thừa nhận cái gì/ làm việc gì
Câu 8: Đáp án D
S + had + Vp2, S + would + have + Vp2
Hoặc Had + S + Vp2, S + would + have + Vp2 (cấu trúc đảo ngữ)
Câu 9: Đáp án B
A. Individual (n): cá nhân, một cá thể
B. Individualistic (a): thuộc cá nhân, cá thể

C. Individualism (n): chủ nghĩa cá nhân
D. Individualize (v): cá nhân hóa
Bởi vì ta có ‘concerns’ (mang nghĩa ‘những mối quan tâm’) là danh từ và trước danh từ ta cần một tính từ
hoặc cụm tính từ. Do đó, ta loại phương án A, C, D.
Câu 10: Đáp án B
To be inflicted with sth: phải chịu đựng cái gì
Câu 11: Đáp án D
Get nothing back in return: khơng nhận lại được gì cả
Câu 12: Đáp án D
* Another được dùng trước danh từ đếm được số ít, mang ý nghĩa ‘một cái khác’, ‘một người khác’ (không
trong bộ/nhóm nào cả)
* Other được dùng trước danh từ đếm được số nhiều, mang nghĩa ‘những cái khác’, ‘những người khác’
(trong nhiều cái/người)
* The other được dùng trước danh từ mang nghĩa cái còn lại (trong một bộ hai cái/người). Nếu ‘The other’
đứng một mình thì được hiểu là cái còn lại, người còn lại
Câu 13: Đáp án C
Proposal/suggestion/demand + (that) + S + V0
Câu 14: Đáp án B


Câu 15: Đáp án B
big break: cơ hội đổi đời
Câu 16: Đáp án B
In a good/bad mood: trong một tâm trạng tốt/xấu
Down on sb’s luck: ai đó gặp vận rủi
Make a fortune: kiếm được nhiều tiền
Câu 17: Đáp án B
Câu 18: Đáp án D
Câu 19: Đáp án D
Triumphant (a): thành công, chiến thắng = Victorious (a): chiến thắng, thành công

Câu 20: Đáp án D
In the driving seat: kiểm sốt tình hình, chèo chống = In control of a situation: kiểm sốt một tình hình
Câu 21: Đáp án A
Carry over: kéo dài sang giai đoạn khác >< Bring forward: xảy ra sớm hơn dự kiến
Câu 22: Đáp án D
Triumph (n): sự thành công >< Failure (n): sự thất bại
Câu 23: Đáp án B
Take sth into sb’s hands: tự ai đó giải quyết cái gì
=> Taking the future into their own hands: tự họ giải quyết tương lai của họ
Câu 24: Đáp án A
Beg for a living: ăn mày, ăn xin để kiếm sống
Câu 25: Đáp án B
Bởi vì ‘ex-homeless people’ là người. Do đó, ta loại phương án C, D
B. Hơn nữa, trong mệnh đề quan hệ ta đang cần một chủ từ → ta chọn phương án B
Câu 26: Đáp án C
Get the first ten copies on credit and pay for them later: nhận trước mười bản theo cách mua chịu và trả tiền
cho chúng sau
Câu 27: Đáp án D
All profits go back into helping homeless people: tất cả lợi nhuận quay trở lại giúp những người vô gia cư
Câu 28: Đáp án D
Was escaped → escaped
Câu 29: Đáp án B. can → could
Câu 30: Đáp án D. bacterium → bacteria
Bởi vì ‘bacterium’ (mang nghĩa ‘một loại vi khuẩn’) là danh từ đếm được số ít, mà trước danh từ đếm được
số ít thì ta phải có mạo từ ‘a’, ‘an’ hoặc ‘the’. Hơn nữa, ‘fungi’ (mang nghĩa ‘nhiều loại nấm’) là danh từ số
nhiều và được nối với từ ‘bacterium’ bằng liên từ ‘and’, thế nên ta phải dùng dạng số nhiều của danh từ
‘bacterium’.
Câu 31: Đáp án C
Đáp án A sai vì hồn tồn lệch với nội dung của bài văn.
Đáp án B sai vì bài văn khơng nhấn mạnh thời gian nghiên cứu là hiện tại.

Đáp án C đúng vì bài văn nêu ra các trường hợp xấu có thể xảy ra nếu AI mất kiểm sốt.
Đáp án D sai vì bài văn nhắc đến những khó khăn AI sẽ tạo ra mà không phải là những thách thức trong q
trình loại bỏ những khó khăn này.
Câu 32: Đáp án D
Căn cứ vào thông tin đoạn 1:
Whereas it may be little more than a minor nuisance if your laptop crashes or gets hacked, it becomes all the
more important that an Al system does what you want it to do if it controls your car, your airplane, your
pacemaker, your automated trading system or your power grid.


Câu 33: Đáp án B
recursive (đệ quy - Đệ quy là quá trình lặp đi lặp lại một thành phần theo cùng một cách) = repeated
Câu 34: Đáp án A
Từ "it” dùng để thay thế cho danh từ sự kiện được nhắc tới trước đó.
Câu 35: Đáp án D
Căn cứ vào thông tin đoạn 3:
There are some who question whether strong Al will ever be achieved, and others who insist that the
creation of superintelligent Al is guaranteed to be beneficial. At FLI we recognize both of these possibilities,
but also recognize the potential for an artificial intelligence system to intentionally or unintentionally cause
great harm. We believe research today will help US better prepare for and prevent such potentially negative
consequences in the future.
Câu 36: Đáp án A
S + to be + as/so + adj + as + N
Câu 37: Đáp án A
Khi chuyển từ câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp, ta phải thực hiện theo ba bước sau:
* Lùi thì động từ
* Đổi các đại từ và tính từ sở hữu
* Đổi các từ chỉ nơi chốn và thời gian
Cụ thể trong câu ta có: Is → was; I → she; Have ever seen → had ever seen
Câu 38: Đáp án B

Ought to do sth: nên làm gì
Should have + Vp3: lẽ ra đã nên làm gì nhưng khơng làm(trách móc)
Shouldn’t / ought not to have + Vp2: đáng lẽ không nên làm gì (nhưng đã làm)
Should not do st: khơng nên làm gì
Câu 39: Đáp án B
Câu 40: Đáp án D
Câu 41: Đáp án A
Điều nào sau đây mô tả đúng nhất mục đích chính của tác giả trong đoạn văn?
A. Để trình bày tóm tắt về ngun nhân và ảnh hưởng của dân số già.
B. Để cung cấp một cái nhìn tổng quan về những hạn chế của dân số già trên thế giới.
C. Để đề xuất một số giải pháp hiệu quả để đối phó với sự gia tăng nhanh chóng của dân số già.
D. Để chứng minh sự đóng góp đáng kể của dân số già cho nền kinh tế thế giới.
Câu 42: Đáp án D
Thông tin ở đoạn 1:
Societal aging may affect economic growth and lead to many other issues, including the sustainability of
families, the ability of states and communities to provide resources for older citizens, and international
relations. The Global Burden of Disease, a study conducted by the World Health Organization, predicts a
very large increase in age-related chronic disease in all regions of the world. Dealing with this will be a
significant challenge for all countries’ health services.
Câu 43: Đáp án C
Căn cứ vào thông tin đoạn 2:
Population aging is driven by declines in fertility and improvements in health and longevity. In more
developed countries, falling fertility beginning in the early 1900’s has resulted in current levels being below
the population replacement rate of two live births per woman. Perhaps the most surprising demographic
development of the past 20 years has been the pace of fertility decline in many less developed countries. In
2006, for example, the total fertility rate was at or below the replacement rate in 44 less developed countries.
Câu 44: Đáp án B
Từ “This” đang đề cập đến “sự giảm của tuổi chính thức hồn tồn được hưởng lương hưu”.
Câu 45: Đáp án A
eligible (đủ điều kiện) = entitled



Câu 46: Đáp án B
Căn cứ vào thông tin đoạn 3:
Many countries already have taken steps towards much-needed reform of their old-age social insurance
programs. One common reform has been to raise the age at which workers are eligible for full public
pension benefits. Another strategy for bolstering economic security for older people has been to increase the
contributions by workers.
Câu 47: Đáp án B
Manifested (biểu thị) = demonstrated
Câu 48: Đáp án B
Căn cứ vào thông tin đoạn cuối:
As mortality rates continue to improve, more people in their 50’s and 60’s will have surviving parents, aunts,
and uncles. Consequently, more children will know their grandparents and even their great grandparents,
especially their great-grandmothers. There is no historical precedent for a majority of middle-aged and older
adults having living parents.
Câu 49: Đáp án C
Either + N + or + N: hoặc cái/người này hoặc cái/người kia
Both + N + and + N: cả hai cái/người
Neither + N + nor + N: không cái/người này cũng không cái/người kia
Câu 50: Đáp án A
Nếu hai mệnh đề cùng chủ ngữ ta có thể rút gọn hai mệnh đề theo công thức:
Ving + O, S + V (dạng chủ động)
Being + Vp2, S + V (dạng bị động)