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ĐỀ CƯƠNG ÔN TẬP MÔN TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - HỌC KÌ II

I. Cách sử dụng đại từ quan hệ và trạng từ quan hệ

1.

Đại từ quan hệ: who, whom, whose, which, that

.



Who:

được dùng để thay thế cho danh từ chỉ người và làm chủ

ngữ cho động từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ (…… N + who + V)

The man

who

is standing

over there is my father.

N who V



Whom:

được dùng thay thế cho một danh từ chỉ người và làm

tân ngữ cho động từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ. (……N + whom +

S + V)

The man whom you met

yesterday is my brother.

N whom S V



Whose:

là đại từ quan hệ sở hữu, thay thế cho danh từ chỉ người

hoặc danh từ chỉ vật (thay cho: his, her, its, their, Tom’s…)

The house whose windows are broken is mine

.

N whose N V1 V2

+ Riêng danh từ chỉ vật có thể thay thế bằng

the + N + of which

Example: The house the window of which are broken is

mine



Which:

được dùng làm chủ ngữ hoặc tân ngữ thay thế cho danh

từ chỉ đồ vật, con vật hoặc sự việc.

Example: This is

the book

which

I like best.



That:

được dùng thay thế cho danh từ chỉ người hoặc chỉ vật,

hoặc chủ ngữ gồm cả người và vật, sau những đại từ không xác

định, hoặc sau dạng so sánh nhất…

Example: - That is the bicycle

that/ which

belongs to

Tom.

- The architect

who/ that

designed this building

is very famous.

2. Trạng từ quan hệ: why, where, when.



Why:

mở đầu cho một mệnh đề quan hệ để chỉ ngun nhân, lí

do.(có thể thay thế bằng That)

I don’t know the

reason why

/ that you didn’t go to school

yesterday.



Where (=on, in, at which)

mở đầu cho một mệnh đề quan hệ chỉ

địa điểm nơi chốn.

The

hotel where

we stayed wasn’t very clean.

= The hotel

in which

we stayed wasn’t very clean.



When (=on/ in/ at which)

mở đầu cho mệnh đề quan hệ chỉ thời

gian. (có thể thay thế bằng That)

I will never forget

the day when/ that

I first met my

husband

II. Vị trí của giới từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ



Trong mệnh đề quan hệ, khi đại từ quan hệ làm tân ngữ cho giới

từ thì thường được đặt ở 2 vị trí: trước đại từ quan hệ

WHOM,

WHICH

hoặc sau động từ.



Trong lối văn phong trang trọng, giới từ được đứng trước đaị từ

quan hệ

WHOM, WHICH

The man

to whom

my mother

is talking

is my form

teacher.



Trong lối nói thân mật, giới từ thường đứng sau động từ trong

mệnh đề quan hệ

The man

whom

my mother

is talking

to

is my form

teacher.



chú ý: * không dùng giới từ với

THAT

hoặc

WHO

* Với cụm động từ (phrasal verb) thì giới từ không được

dùng trước

WHOM

và

WHICH

* giới từ

WITHOUT

khơng được dùng ở vị trí sau động từ

The woman

without whom

I can’t live is Jane.

III. Các loại mệnh đề quan hệ

1. Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định

(Defining Relative Clause):

là mệnh

đề được dùng để xác định danh từ đứng trước nó. Mệnh đề quan hệ

xác định là mệnh đề cần thiết cho ý nghĩa của câu, khơng có nó câu

sẽ khơng đủ nghĩa.

The man who robbed you has been arrested.



trong mệnh đề quan hệ xác định có thể bỏ các đại từ quan hệ

làm tân ngữ: whom, which, that và các trạng từ quan hệ trong lối

văn thân mật

The book you lent me was very interesting.

Do you remember the day we met each other?

2. Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định

(Non – defining relative

clause): là mệnh đề cung cấp thêm

thông tin về một người, một vật hoặc một sự việc đã được xác

định. Đây là mệnh đề khơng nhất thiết phải có trong câu, khơng

có nó câu vẫn đủ nghĩa. Mệnh đề quan hệ khơng xác định được

tách khỏi mệnh đề chính bởi dấu phẩy hoặc dấu gạch ngang.

That man, who lives in the next flat, looks very lonely.

The book “Jane Eyre”, which I was reading, is really good.



Không dùng đại từ quan hệ

THAT

trong mệnh đề quan hệ không

xác định



Những từ đứng trước mệnh đề quan hệ thường: Tên riêng, tính

từ sở hữu, This, That, These, Those...



Không thể bỏ các đại từ quan hệ làm tân ngữ

WHOM, WHICH

và

các trạng từ

WHERE, WHEN

,

WHY

trong mệnh đề quan hệ

không xác định



Trong mệnh đề quan hệ khơng xác định

WHICH

có thể được

dùng để thay thế cho cả mệnh đề đứng trước nó



Trong mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định, các cụm từ chỉ số

lượng: all of/ most of/ neither of/ many of… có thể được dùng với

WHOM, WHICH

và

WHOSE

Mary has three brothers, all of whom are married.

IV. Dạng rút gọn của mệnh đề quan hệ:

1. Cụm phân từ

a) Hiện tại phân từ (V_ing ):

được dùng khi động từ trong mệnh đề

quan hệ chia ở các thì hiện tại đơn, hiện tại tiếp diễn, quá khứ

đơn, quá khứ tiếp diễn, hoặc khi động từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ

diễn tả mong muốn, hi vọng, mong đợi..

That man, who is sitting next to Mary, is my uncle.

That man, sitting next to Mary, is my uncle

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The boy

who was injured

in the accident was taken to the

hospital.

The boy

injured

in the accident was taken to the hospital.

2. Động từ nguyên mẫu

(To infinitive):

được dùng sau The first,

the second,…, the last, the only, động từ khuyết thiếu, hoặc sau

cấp so sánh cao nhất.

The captain was the last person who left the ship.

The captain was the last person to leave the ship.

Here is a form that you must fill in.

Here is a form for you to fill in.

* khi đại từ quan hệ

who(m), which, that

đứng làm tân ngữ hoặc bổ

ngữ thì ta có thể lựơc bỏ đại từ quan hệ

The man

who(m) you met

yesterday is my friend.

The man

you met yesterday

is my friend.

V. Câu nhấn mạnh/ Câu chẻ (Cleft sentences)

1. Câu nhấn mạnh chủ ngữ (subject focus)

It is/ was + S + that/ who + V…: Chính ai đó làm

gì….

The boy

visited his uncle last month

.

It was

the boy

that/ who

visited his uncle last

month

2. Câu nhấn mạnh tân ngữ (Object focus)

It is/ was + O + That/ Who + S + V

The boy is learning

English.

It is

English that

the boy is learning

3. Câu nhấn mạnh trạng từ (Adverbial focus)

It is/ was + Adv. of place/ time + that + S + V +

(O)

She bought him a present

at the shop

It was

at the shop that

she bought him a present

4. Câu nhấn mạnh bị động

It is/ was + O + that + is/ are/ was/ were + Vpp

People talked a lot about

his house.

It was his house that was talked a lot about

VI.

Liên từ cặp đôi (Conjunctions)

Both …and:

vừa…vừa, cả…và

Not only…but also:

không những…mà cịn

Either…or:

hoặc cái này, hoặc cái kia

Neither… nor:

khơng cái này cũng không cái kia



Both + N + and + N + V (plural):

Both Mary and Tom are

students

.



S + V + both + N + and + N:

She plays both tennis and

badminton



S + both + V + and + V:

He both sings and dances

.



S + be + both + adj + and + adj:

She is both beautiful and

intelligent.



S + V + both + Adv.

phrase + and + Adv. phrase:

We go to

school both in the morning and in the afternoon



Cách dùng

Not only…but also, either …or, neither…nor

tương

tự như both and tuy nhiên trong các cấu trúc này động từ chia

phù hợp với chủ ngữ thứ 2 (đứng gần động từ nhất), còn

Both …

and

động từ luôn chia ở dạng số nhiều

Đọc hiểu: Bài đọc liên quan đến chủ đề của một trong những bài: Unit 11, 12, 13
and15.

LUYỆN TẬP

Chọn từ có phần gạch chân được phát âm khác với những từ còn lại:

1. A. bother B. thoughtful C. geothermal D. breakthrough

2. A. conquest B. astronaut C. Congress D. psychological

3. A. digit B. service C. notify D. gigantic

4. A. trained B. watched C. worked D. stopped

5. A. effort B. fencing C. release D. devastate

6. A. protect B. ecologist C. prohibit D. potential

7. A. spacious B. landscape C. satisfaction D. facsimile

8. A. exhausted B. heat C. prohibit D. handicapped

9. A. alternative B. aquatic C. intercultural D. fertilizer

10. A. gymnast B. rugby C. fly D. variety

11. A. discarded B. called C. operated D. needed

12. A. accompany B. accomplish C. wonder D. come

13. A. discharge B. service C. limit D. beside

14. A. swing B. sweat C. answer D. swan

15. A. tanks B. recipients C. bookshops D. belongings

Chọn đáp án đúng để hoàn thành các câu sau:

16. Oil, coal and natural gas are (nuclear energy, fossil fuels, plentiful, infinite).

17. The house (which built, to build, built, building) 40 years ago is still in good
condition.

18. I like the food (was cooked, cooked, which cooked, cooking) by my mother.

19. Vietnam is rich in (natural resources, seas, land, fish such as coal, apatite,
bauxite….

20. Do you know the girl (wears, to wear, wear, wearing) a long white dress?

21. Linda was the last student (to be asked, asking, asks, to ask) at the oral exam.

22. The man (is entering, entering, to be entered, enters) the bank is a millionaire.

23. The singer was (served, accompanied, assisted, sounded) on the piano by her
sister.

24. I didn’t really feel like going out, but I am glad I (did, made, tried, acted) my
effort.

25. “Is this the address to (where, whom, which, that) you want the package sent?”

26. The chemistry book (that I bought it, what I bought, I bought that, I bought) was
a little expensive.

27. “Have you ever met the man (stands, standing, who he is standing, is standing)

over there?” – No. Who is he?

28. “Do you remember Mrs. Goddard, (who, whom, that, which) taught us English
last year?

29. “Will you find the person (who, which, that his, whose) bike you found?”

30. The Vietnamese participants took (notice, notes, part, role) in the 14th Asian

Games with great enthusiasm.

31. (Spectators, Athletes, Audience, Viewers) from several countries competed in
many Asian Games.

32. How many sports were there (in, on, at, to) the 14th Asian Games?
33. The Olympic Games is one of the biggest sporting (problems, athletes,

cultures, events) all over the world.

34. Swimming is one of the (mountainous, aquatic, racing, running) sports.

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36. Vietnam won 3 gold (degrees, medals, awards, boards) at the 15th Asian

Games.

37. This is the novel (that, which, x, all are correct) I’ve been expecting.

38. He is very good at (making, getting, accompanying, having) people singing with
his guitar.

39. My uncle is interested in (collect collecting, collected, to collect) stamps.

40. I’m quite keen on my father’s valuable stamp (collect, collecting, collection,
collector).

41. You should not indulge yourself (in, on, for, at) anything that can form a bad
habit.

42. I really admire him, for his (succeed, success, successful, successfully).

43. She is the only student who is good (in, on, at, with) both maths and literature in
my class.

44. (It was from this shop that, It was from this shop where, it was this shop which,
It was this shop that) I bought the golden fish.

45. It was Tom (comes, that comes, to come, who came) to help us.

46. (The baby, The baby that, It was the baby who, The baby whom) the police had
rescued from the fires.

47. Now women work both before (or, also, nor, and) after having children.

48. She has neither read the book (or seen, nor see, or see, nor seen) the film.

49. We don’t have to repair the house as it is still (at, in, on, of) good condition.

50. (Both Tom and Ann, Either Tom or Ann, Neither Tom nor Ann, All of Tom and
Ann) were punished because they were late.

51. The film was …..boring…..long (either/or, neither/and, both/and, either/nor).

52. She neither talked nor (show, showed, showing, shown) her feelings

53. You must either go at once or (waiting, must wait, wait, to wait) till tomorrow.

54. It is the children (whom, which, x, that) were punished.

55. Either I or they (are, is, was, were) enjoying the party now.

56. Neither I nor she (has, have, was, were) seen the film before.

57. The spacecraft lifted (on, of, off, in) at 12 A.M

58. The spacecraft is already in (ring, flight, habit, orbit) round the moon.

59. Pham Tuan is the first Vietnamese (driver, sailor, spaceship, astronaut) to fly
into space.

60. I am the only representative of Vietnam in this competition, (not I, amn’t I, isn’t I,
aren’t I)?

61. The ticket to London doesn’t cost a lot, (do they, does it, is it, isn’t it)?

62. You don’t need any more, (do I, don’t I, do you, don’t you)?

63. She can speak 6 languages, (can she, can’t she, cannot she, does she)?

64. Wind energy is ……..safe……unlimited. (not only/but also, neither/nor, not
only/and, either/or).

65. Neil Armstrong is the first person (to set, to walk, to work, to do) foot on the
moon.

66. The hotel staff is friendly and (unhelpful, courteous, discourteous, impolite)

67. All post offices in Viet Nam are equipped with advanced (knowledge, machines,
science, technology).

68. You can choose to send your letters by air or (sea, land, surface, hand) mail.

69. How long did Yuri Gagarin’s trip into space (lengthen, last, late, strengthen)? –
Only 108 minutes.

70. When spacemen travel into space they have to face enormous (certainties,
uncertainties, possibilities, certainty)

71. I was not appointed to be a tour guide because I (could, couldn’t, was able to,
cannot) speak English at that time.

72. John does look well today, (isn’t he, does he, does him, will he)?

73. They used to work as astronauts, (don’t they, weren’t they, did they, didn’t
they)?

74. They seemed to have a good time at the party, hadn’t they, had they, did they,
didn’t they)?

75. A pharaoh was a (king, queen, prince, princess) of ancient Egypt.

76. When a pharaoh was dead, he was (carried, hidden, dug, buried) in his
pyramid.

77. The pharaohs built pyramids to prepare for their (die, death, dead, dying).

78. Sydney Opera House is widely regarded as a (heritage, wonder, belonging,
possession) of the modern world.

79. Scientists have proposed many (miracles, theories, legends, mysteries) about
the construction of the Great Pyramid of Giza.

80. (Bill Gates, Bill Gates says, Bill Gates is, Bill Gates is said) to be the richest
man in the USA.

81. Mr. Pike (says to be, is said to be, is said that, said to be) the most famous
archaeologist in our city.

82. John (said to have been visited, is said to have visited, said to have visited, is
said to have been visited) The Great Egypt of Giza.

83. You have seen this film, (haven’t you, have you, do you, don’t you)?

84. It is collecting stamps that he is (concerned, interested, fond, keen) in.

85. Tom, (that, who, whom, whose) sits next to me, is from Canada.

86. The government sent money and food to the people (which, that, whom,
whose) houses were destroyed by the fire.

87. People are destroying the environment by adding (pollutes, pollutions, polluted,

pollutants) to it.

88. Nowadays, people are more aware that wildlife all over the world is in (danger,
threat, problem, vanishing) of becoming extinct.

89. I’m not the man (that, x, whom, all are correct) you are looking for.

Tìm và sửa lỗi sai trong các câu sau:

90. The waiter whom served us yesterday was impolite and rude.

91. This school is only for students who’s first language is not Chinese.

92. This is the girl who father is working with my father.

93. He is moving to Lang Son, that is in the north-east of Viet Nam.

94. The man to speak to me is John’s brother.

95. He is the first person be killed in that way.

96. They work in a hospital building in 1980.

97. The flight on it I wanted to travel was cancelled because of the bad weather.

98. It was at this shop where I bought this dictionary.

99. It is my closest friend goes abroad to study next week.

100. It was the cat who the boy hit.

101. Listen to music is my hobby.

102. Both Tom with Ann were late for class yesterday.

103. Mai is no only beautiful but also intelligent.

104. Both Lan and Minh is good students.

105. Your grandfather could speak 3 languages, could he?

106. The price of crude oil used to be a great deal lower than now, wasn’t it?

107. Neither they nor he are going to the play tonight.

108. I believe either you or he know her secret.

109. We don’t have to repair the house as it is still on good condition.

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Viết lại câu bắt đầu bằng từ gợi ý, giữ nguyên nghĩa của câu:
112. My grandfather taught me how to collect books.

It was my………..

113. I bought the new dictionary from this bookshop.

It was the……….

114. My father loves watching football on TV. So do I.

 Both………

115. I don’t like cigarettes. I don’t like beer, either.
I like neither……….

116. Peter doesn’t know how to drive. His brother doesn’t know how to drive,
either.

 Neither………

117. John didn’t come to the party. Tim didn’t come to the party.

 Neither……….

118. 13 is an unlucky number.

It ………..

119. They found their dog in the garden.

 It was their………..

120. Mary doesn’t want to go. Neither do her children.

Neither………..

121. Swimming is good for our health. Listening to music is good for our health.
 Both………...

122. She is smart. She is also helpful.

 She is not only……….

123. Pike is keeping the keys or you are keeping the keys.

Either………..

Nối 2 câu sử dụng đại từ quan hệ:

124. Do you know the girl? Tom is talking to the girl.

………..

125. A lion is an animal. This animal lives in Africa.

………..

126. I have a class. It begins at 4 p.m.

………

127. The soup was too salty. I had it for lunch.

………

128. The lady is a famous writer. You met her at the party last night.

………..

129. Mr. Phong hasn’t come yet. He is supposed to be at the meeting.

………..

130. Lan went back home. She forgot to turn off the faucet.

………..

Rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ hoặc lược bỏ đại từ quan hệ trong các câu sau:
131. The young man who is talking with our teacher is Ba’s brother.

……….

132. The child enjoyed the chocolates which her mother bought from France.
……….

133. She is the only student who is selected after the examination.

………

134. Do you want to visit the castles which were built in the 14th century?

………

135. Thompson is the most famous actress who appears on stage here.
………

136. The captain was the last person who left the sinking ship.

………

137. Students who arrive late will not be permitted to enter the classroom.
………

138. Be sure to follow the instructions that are given at the top of the page.
………

139. I come from a city that is located in the southern part of the country.
………

140. Our solar system is in a galaxy that is called the Milky Way.

………

Choose one word whose stress pattern is different.

141. A. renewable B. infinite C. alternative D. potential

142. A. consumption B. resource C. recipient D. pesticide

143. A. maintenance B. geothermal C. satisfaction D. prohibition

144. A. advance B. aquatic C. discharge D. deepen

145. A. gymnast B. gymnasium C. knowledge D. maintenance

146. A. consumption B. ecologist C. pesticide D. endangered

147. A. mountain B. maintain C. fountain D. certain

148. A. ambulance B. yesterday C. furniture D. policeman

149. A. constant B. continent C. consider D. content (n.)

150. A. computer B. museum C. important D. visitor

151. A. calculator B. intelligent C. impossible D. American

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<b>ĐỀ CƯƠNG ÔN TẬP MÔN TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - HỌC KÌ II</b>

<b>I. Cách sử dụng đại từ quan hệ và trạng từ quan hệ </b>

<b>1.</b>

<b>Đại từ quan hệ: who, whom, whose, which, that</b>

.



<b>Who: </b>

được dùng để thay thế cho danh từ chỉ người và làm chủ

ngữ cho động từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ (…… N + who + V)

<b>The man</b>

<b>who</b>

<b>is standing</b>

over there is my father.

N who V



<b>Whom:</b>

được dùng thay thế cho một danh từ chỉ người và làm

tân ngữ cho động từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ. (……N + whom +

S + V)

<b>The man whom you met</b>

yesterday is my brother.

<b> </b>

N whom S V



<b>Whose:</b>

là đại từ quan hệ sở hữu, thay thế cho danh từ chỉ người

hoặc danh từ chỉ vật (thay cho: his, her, its, their, Tom’s…)

<b>The house whose windows are broken is mine</b>

.

N whose N V1 V2

+ Riêng danh từ chỉ vật có thể thay thế bằng

<b>the + N + of which</b>

Example: The house the window of which are broken is

mine



<b>Which: </b>

được dùng làm chủ ngữ hoặc tân ngữ thay thế cho danh

từ chỉ đồ vật, con vật hoặc sự việc.

Example: This is

<b>the book</b>

<b>which</b>

I like best.



<b>That: </b>

được dùng thay thế cho danh từ chỉ người hoặc chỉ vật,

hoặc chủ ngữ gồm cả người và vật, sau những đại từ không xác

định, hoặc sau dạng so sánh nhất…

Example: - That is the bicycle

<b>that/ which </b>

belongs to

Tom.

- The architect

<b> who/ that</b>

designed this building

is very famous.

<b>2. Trạng từ quan hệ: why, where, when.</b>



<b>Why: </b>

mở đầu cho một mệnh đề quan hệ để chỉ ngun nhân, lí

do.(có thể thay thế bằng That)

I don’t know the

<b>reason why</b>

/ that you didn’t go to school

yesterday.



<b>Where (=on, in, at which) </b>

mở đầu cho một mệnh đề quan hệ chỉ

địa điểm nơi chốn.

The

<b>hotel where</b>

we stayed wasn’t very clean.

= The hotel

<b>in which</b>

we stayed wasn’t very clean.



<b>When (=on/ in/ at which) </b>

mở đầu cho mệnh đề quan hệ chỉ thời

gian. (có thể thay thế bằng That)