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<b>TAP GHJ CONG THIftfNB </b>
• TRINH VIET TIEN
<b>TOM TAT: </b>
Ddi vdi nen hanh ehinh nha ntfdc, tuye'n dung cdng chffc, vien chtfc ddng vai trd quan trpng.
Vide i p dung md hinh nao de' tuyen dung la va'n de dat ra ddi vdi mdi qud'c gia, trdn thd gidi
cd nhieu loai md hinh khac nhau da dtfdc ap dung va mang lai hieu qua. Vidt Nam ltfa chpn md
hinh nao phil hdp vdi dieu kidn thd chd' la van de can nghidn ctfu va ffng dung cho phfi hdp. Bai
vid't di vio gidi thieu mot sd' tfu, nhtfdc diem ciia mo hinh tuyen dung theo hd thd'ng vi tri vide
lam tai mdt sd' qud'c gia phat trien, tff dd cd khuye'n nghi ap dung cho Vidt Nam.
Tiif khda: Md hinh, tuyen dung, cdng chffc, vien chffc, Viet Nam.
<b>1. Dat va'n de </b>
Cdng chtfc l i mdt bd phan ca'u thinh quan
trpng trong nen hanh chinh hieu qua boat ddng
ciia edng chffc vien chffc mang de'n mdt gia tri
quan trpng li hidu qua xu" ly cdng vide. De' cd
dtfdc cdng chffc, vien chffc dam bao cha't Itfdng
thi ngay tff khau tuyen dung cac td chtfc, ddn vi
phai thid't lap quy trinh theo quy dinh va cd
nghien ctfu eae md hinh tuyen dung trdn thd gidi.
lap dtfdc he cae tieu chi tidu chuan dd lam the
nao chpn lffa dtfdc nhffng ngtfdi cd tidu chua'n phu
hdp, xua't sic nha't cho vi tri cdng vide.
Tuye'n dung tai mdi qud'c gia cd dac diem
khac nhau bdi mdi qud'c gia cd stf khic bidt ve
the chd', each thffc quan niem, die thii life ltfdng
lao ddng. Md hinh tuye'n dung trdn thd' gidi dtfdc
nhieu td chtfc cd quan i p dung khi nghidn ctfu ro
md hinh nay. Cd nhidu md hinh tidn tie'n tren the
gidi dtfdc ap dung mdi mdt qud'c gia dtfa vao the
che' chinh tri each thffc, phtfdng phip sff dung
cdng chffc, ehinh sich dai ngd do'i vdi cdng chii'c,
he thd'ng thang bang Itfdng cho cdng chffc, che'dp
BHXH, tudi htfu tri, tff dd mdi mdt md hinh d^p
u'ng dtfdc cie ydu clu dd hay khdng ta't nhidn mdi
mot md hinh deu htfdng tdi tuye'n dung dtfdc cdng
chtfc lam viec mang lai hieu qua boat dpng cao
, cho qud'c gia va to ehffe.
1 Hidn cd nhieu md hinh tuyen dung cdng chffc
nhtf md hinh tuyd'n dung cdng chtfc theo he thd'ng
vi tri vide lam, he tho'ng mo hinh tuyen dung theo
2. Md hinh tuyd'n dung theo vi tri viec lam
^ va kinh nghidm ap diing cua mdt sd' qud'c gia
<i>i- 2.1. Gidi thi$u vd nhdng ddc diem nhan Met </i>
<i>I cd bdn cua md hinh tuyin dung theo vi tri viic </i>
<i>n ldm </i>
Theo khoan 3, Dieu 7, Lu^t Can bd, cdng chffc
2008 thi vi tri vide lam (VTVL) l i cdng vide gan
vdi chtfc danh, chffc vu, cd ca'u vi ngach cdng
chtfc dd' xic dinh bidn chd' va bd' tri cong chtfc
trong cd quan, td chffc, ddn vi. Tuyen dung theo
VTVL la vide can cff chu yd'u v i o cic yeu cau
ciia cdng vide cac tidu chua'n tieu ehi ciia cdng
vide da dffde xiy dffng dd tid'n hanh tuyen dung
cdng chtfc, vidn chffc cho vi tri nhan sff edn thid'u
trong td chtfc. Nhieu nghidn ctfu cho tha'y tuyen
dung theo md hinh VTVL dat muc tieu ro ring la
ehinh chi thtfc hidn khi ed cd s5 li da xay dffng
dtfdc mot he thd'ng cac tidu chuan, yeu cau ciia
ta't ca cac vi tri can tuyen dung. Trong viec tuydn
dung theo VTVL dieu quan tam quan trpng nha't
la viec chpn dtfdc ngtfdi phii hdp nha't cho mdi vi
tri cdng viec mi khdng quan tam dd'n viec ngffdi
dd dtfdc tuydn thdng qua ngudn npi bp hay bdn
ngoai.
Mdi loai md hinh tuyen dung deu cd die thu
tfu nhtfdc diem ridng vdi mdi qud'c gia ap dung.
Trong md hinh tuyen dung theo VTVL, vide
tuyd'n dung ndi ridng va cac boat ddng quan Iy
nhan stf ndi chung thtfdng dtfdc phan cap; d dd
cae nha quan ly cac cap cd nhieu quyen hdn trong
viec tuyen dung, md hinh tuyen dung theo vi tri
vide lam dtfdc ap dung dien hinh d cac qud'c gia
nhtf Anh, Uc, Niu-di-lan, Ca-na-da, Singapore va
<b>TAP CHJ CONG THIflfNG </b>
dap tfng dtfdc ky vpng. Nhin chung md hinh nay
cd mdt so' tfu diem nhtf: (I): Md hinh tuyen dung
theo VTVL cd tinh chuydn mdn hda cao the hidn
d ta't c i cic khau eua tuyen dung deu thdng qua
he tieu chi, tidu ehuan va c i c ydu cau dtfde thiet
lap cu the' chi tie't; (2): Md hinh tuye'n dung nay
cd die tinh edng khai, dan chii cao, ttf do tao ra
dtfdc tinh canh tranh cdng bang eho ta't ca cac ffng
vien nd'u dip ffng dffde eae lieu chuan dinh trtfdc
ciia to ehtfe; (3): Tuyen dung theo md hinh VTVL
se tuyen dtfdc nhan stf cd du tai nang va nhffng
ngtfdi ed nang Itfc dac biet cho moi vi tri cdng
vide; (4): Qua md hinh nay xac lap quy trinh sii
dung nhan stf theo ke't qua cdng viec nhtf tra
Itfdng theo hidu qua cong viec, dai ngd theo kha
nang cd'ng hie'n cho td ehffe, de bat theo nang life
thtfc hien cdng viec, tff dd tao dpng life lam viec
cho nhan stf eho td chffc. (5): Tuyen dung theo
md hinh VTVL se l i m tien de cho mdt ndn cdng
vu ehuydn nghidp va cd hieu qua thtfc thi cdng vu
cao vi hidu qua.
<i><b>2.2. Kinh nghi$m tuyen dung cdng chdc theo </b></i>
<i><b>vi tri vi$c ldm cua Hoa Ky vd Singgapore </b></i>
<i>2.2.1. Kinh nghiem Hoa ky </i>
Hdp chiing qud'c Hoa ky dtfdc thinh lap theo
Hien phdp nim 1787 la mot khd'i lien hiep ciia
50 bang. Mdi bang deu cd chinh quyen ridng,
dtfng diu c i c bang li Chinh phii lien bang. Che'
dp cdng chtfc d Hoa ky da cd 200 nim lich sff va
li mdt hinh miu tffdng ddi hoan hao theo vi tri
vide lam. Trai qua nhieu giai doan cua phat trien
quan ly cdng vu ciia Hoa Ky: (1) Giai doan 1776
- 1829 chii yd'u thtfe hidn theo quan diem ngtfdi
dtfng dau cd quyen quye't dinh vide tuydn dung
va bd nhiem va sff dung cdng ehtfe, diy la giai
doan cdn sd khai trong qua trinh quan ly nhan stf
Lidn Bang giai doan nay thtfc hidn chd' dp cd die
trtfng la "thien ttf ca nhan"; (2) Giai doan 1830
-1882, giai doan niy vide quan ly, sff dung nhan
stf do c i c Ding hoac la cam quydn hoac la cac
Dang khac se thtfc hien quyen phin phd'i cac
chffc vu Vl tri trong chinh quydn trong Dang cd
the ndi giai doan nay la giai doan thffc hien chinh
sach nhan stf "chinh dang chia p h l n " theo stf
thang the' eiia e i e Dang trong chinh quydn; (3)
Giai doan 1883- 1978, nam 1883, Nghi vidn Hoa
Ky thdng qua Luat Che' dp cdng chffc thidt lip
chd' dp cdng tieh, thtfc tai, bai bd ehd' dd chia
Theo luat Cai cich cdng ehtfe nam 1978 cua
Hoa K)', cdng chffc la nhtfng ngtfdi lim vide trong
bd may chinh phii Trung tfdng dtfdc tuydn dung,
bd nhiem vao vi tri cdng tac thdng qua canh tranh
va c i c vi tri viec lam trong he thd'ng vi tri vide
lam phai thtfc hidn quy trinh tuyen dung eanh
tranh do Cd quan Quan ly nhan stf Hoa Ky quy
dinh. Cd quan quan ly cdng ehffc hdn bang niy se
xay dtfng mdt khung nang life chung cho vi tri
vide lam, ttf dd tuy thupc mdi die thu cua td chtfc
cd quan ttf tie'n hanh phan tieh edng vide de dtfa
ra khung ning Iffc cu the cho nhan stf nham dam
bao tuyen dung dung, dii so'Itfdng va chat Itfdng.
Theo cac phtfdng phip sff dung trong tuyen
dung cdng chffc theo md hinh VTVL tai Hoa Ky,
ti't ca cac tfng vidn deu phai trai qua ky thi canh
dam bao dinh gia thtfc tii eua tfng vien theo
VTVL vi phii dam bao tinh canh tranh trong cac
khau ciia thi tuyen va co cac bien phip htfu hieu
de dim bao cho canh tranh thtfc hidn cd hieu qua
nhtfxay dffng dtfde tiduchui'nrd rang, thdng b i o
cdng khai, td chtfc thi nghiem tuc khach quan.
Ve quy trinh tuydn dung theo VTVL tai Hoa
Ky ludn dam bao tinh md cho mpi dd'i ttfdng, tuy
nhidn phai dap tfng dtfdc yeu cau da quy dinh. Ve
quy trinh tuyen dung dtfdc thidt lap chat che dtfdc
<i>cu the hda bang 5 btfdc: Budc 1, xac dinh nhu cau </i>
va nhffng yeu clu nhan sff nhff ning life, pham
ehi't, ky nang ddi vdi mdi vi tri can tuydn. Mdi
vi tri deu ed md ta eu the va dtfde edng khai tren
<i>phtfdng tien thdng tin dai chung; Budc 2, chidu </i>
sinh bit ky ai dap ffng dtfdc cic tidu chua'n de ra;
<i>Budc 3, td chtfc thi tuyen cac npi dung thi tuyen </i>
tip trung vao cac ndi dung eu thd ciia cdng viec
cic kie'n thtfc chuyen nganh va nang life thtfc thi
cdng viec. Cac hinh thtfe thi i p dung tuy thupc
vio mdi edng vide ma ap dung: thi vie't, thi van
dip, thi thao tac thifc td', xet tuydn ma i p dung
<i>cho phii hdp; Budc 4, chtfng nhan nhtfng ngtfdi dtf </i>
tuyen cd thanh tieh cao thtfdng l i 07 ngtfdi cd
thanh tich cao nhat tff cao xud'ng tha'p {Cd quan
quin ly Nhan stf thtfe hidn) vi chuydn cho cd
<i>quan tuydn dung cdng chffc; Budc 5, Itfa chpn </i>
ngtfdi dtf tuyen va thife tap thu" vide;
<i>2.2.2. Kinh nghiem Singapore </i>
Singapore la mot qud'e gia ed ndn kinh te'phat
trien, ben eanh stf phit tnen ve kinh te' Singapore
la mot qud'c gia cd ndn cdng vu phit trien va
mang lai hidu qui thtfc thi cdng vu eao. O
Singapore bd miy eua chinh quyen Singapore rat
tinh gpn, nen cdng vu ciia qud'c gia niy ndi tie'ng
bdi tinh hidu qua, minh bach, trach nhidm; nhffng
nhan stf lam vide trong bd miy nay ludn cd td' chat
die bidt ve td'c do, tri thtfc vi tai ning vi stf tan
t§m trong sff ly cdng vide. Trii qua nhidu nam,
cau chuydn than ky vd phat trien kinh te' ciia
Singapore ludn dtfdc xem l i didn hinh va dtfdc
dinh gia la mot trong nhffng quo'c gia cd ndn hanh
chinh thanh cdng nha't tren the' gidi, stf thanh cdng
trpng hidn tii (meritocracy), ttf duy thtfe td'
(pragmatism) va stf trung thtfc (honesty). Mdt
trong nhffng kha'u hidu ciia Singapore ve tuyen
dung li "tai nang va sang gii nha't". Tuydn dung
nhan tai ciia ntfdc nay cd nhffng ehinh sich mang
tinh "md" rat cao, vdi nguyen tac cd ban la
"Tuydn dung vi dd bat phai tren cd sd cdng tich,
tai nang va mang tinh canh tranh eao".
O Singapore cdng chtfc dtfde htfdng Itfdng va
eie ehd' dp dai ngd rat cao qua viec Chinh phii
thtfc hidn chinh sach tra Itfdng linh boat gdm hai
phln: Itfdng cd'dinh hang nam va phan khac biet
mdi nim tuy theo mtfc ting trtfdng kinh td' eiia
nam dd. Viec tra cdng lao ddng dtfdc thtfc hien
theo nguydn tae tra Itfdng edng ehffe theo mtfc thi
trtfdng tra cho ciing loai hinh cdng viec, kha nang
va trach nhidm. Dieu nay giiip cho nhan stf cdng
vu Singapore ludn cd tam ly dn dinh, dtfdc tra
Itfdng eao nha't va ludn dam bao mtfc sd'ng thffe td'
so vdi thi trtfdng.
Uy ban tuyen dung tai nang Singapore thanh
lap nim 1998. Chinh phu Singapore tuyen ebon
ngtfdi cd tai nang dtfa tren nang life, kha nang
ddng gdp chtf khdng phan bidt quoc tich, chiing
tdc ciia ngtfdi nhap ctf. Kinh nghidm cho thi'y sff
thanh edng eiia Singapore den ttf chinh sich ve
3. Kinh nghidm va ham y cho Vidt Nam
Qua nghidn cffu eae loai md hinh tuyen dung
nhan stf cho ndn hinh chinh cdng vu trdn the' gidi
nen hanh ehinh Vidt Nam nha't la trong tuyen
dung cdng chffc, vien chtfc can nghien ctfu ky ffu
nhtfdc diem ciia cac md hinh, van dung sing tao
dtfa trdn dieu kien thtfc te' cua xa hdi Vidt Nam
khi trien khai tuydn dung cdng chtfc, vien ehffc
theo vi tri vide lam can thffe hien nhffng ndi dung
thanh cdng ciia cac qud'c gia d i i p dung.
Nen hanh chinh Viet Nam hien tie'n hanh
tuyen dung nghidng ve dinh hffdng theo md hinh
<b>TAP CHi CONG THIflfNG </b>
chffc nghidp ndn cdn cd nhidu tdn tai trong nhieu
nam qua. Vide nghien cffu phtfdng each tuyen
dung theo VTVL mi cic ntfdc dang i p dung se
gdp phan hoan thien hdn viec tuydn dung cdng
chffc, vidn ehffc eho ndn hanh ehinh nhi ntfdc.
Tuyen dung theo md hinh n i o thi cung phai dat
dffde hieu qua la khi thtfe hien cdng viec phai
Trong mdt thdi gian nen hanh chinh Viet Nam
tie'n hinh tuyen dung cdng ehtfe, vidn chffc mi
thid'u vang he tieu chuan, tieu chi dd tuydn dung
nhff: Ban md ta edng vide, khung nang life. Ban
tidu chuan cdng viec theo cic vi tri eu thd trong
giai doan hidn nay, khi cac dieu kien can thid't
cho viec van hanh nen edng vu viec lam chtfa
dap tfng dffde thi chung ta can Itfa chon nhtfng tfu
diem tfu tidn dd tfng dung tffng phan trtfdc khi
thtfe hidn hoan loan cic dieu kidn hoin hao eiia
md hinh tuyen dung theo VTVL trong tuyen dung
eong chtfc, vidn chtfc, tuy nhien van chtfa i p dung
triet dd md hinh tuyen dung theo VTVL vao
tuyen dung ehi ap dung theo htfdng tie'p can luan
thuye't. Ve cd ban dd dam bao ed thd ap dung
dtfde cin iam td't cic nhidm vu sau:
<i>Thd nhd't, cin nang cao nhan thffc ttf duy quan </i>
diem ve stf can thie't ffng dung nhffng diem tfu
<i>Thd hai, can xic dinh cac dieu kidn ffng dung </i>
md hinh theo VTVL qua dd chuan bi xay dtfng
cac tai lidu ky thuat dd ehuan bi tfng dung m6
hinh. Phai cd ke'hoach nhan stf dinh ky; cie tidu
chuin tieu chi cdng viec; cac chd' dd chinh sach
<i>dd(3c htfdng; xic dinh rd doi ttfdng, pham vl each </i>
thffc tuydn dung sat vdi thtfc td' cdng vide.
<i>Thd ba, phai tie'n hinh phan loai hd thdng </i>
cdng vide ciia nen hinh chinh nham tao dieu kien
cho vide ap dung cac phtfdng phip, cdng cu tuyen
dung phu hdp vdi mdi mot vi tri edng vide die
thii.
<i>ThdlU, phai xay dtfng khung nang life cho mdi </i>
vi tri cdng vide can xac dinh rd ning ltfe cd't loi,
nang Itfc cu the, nang ltfe chung cac nang life ky
thuat khic dd s i t vdi cdng viec de tid'n hanh
tuydn dung dffng vdi VTVL cua mdi td ehffe.
<i>Thd ndm, can ddi mdi triet de cic hinh thiJc </i>
thi tuyen vi xet tuyen theo kinh nghidm cua mot
s6' qud'c gia nghien cffu ndn i p dung nhieu hinh
thffc phdng va'n trife tie'p, thffc hanh nghe nghiep
de vide tuydn dung sat vdi c i c edng vide thtfc
hien sau tuyen dung.
<i>Thd sdu, cin thanh lap cd quan tuyen dung </i>
cdng chffc, vien chffc qud'c gia v i ehi td chtfc thi
cac kid'n thffe ehung v i chi dit muc tieu ltfa chon
ra mdt sd' tfng vien xua't sac nha't, sau dd giao cho
ddn vi sff dung nhan stf trtfc tie'p tid'n hanh tuyen
chon de sat vdi thtfc te' cdng vide nha't.
<b>4. Kd't luSn </b>
Viec i p dung tuydn dung cdng chtfc, vien
ehtfe theo loai md hinh nao la tuy mdi mdt qudc
gia, tuy nhien ap dung dd'i vdi md hinh theo
VTVL da dtfdc i p dung va mang lai thinh edng
cho nen hanh ehinh cdng vu eho mdt so'qud'c gia.
Dd'i vdi nen hanh ehinh Viet Nam vide i p dung
md hinh tuydn dung theo VTVL nay vio thtfc td'
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO:
<i>1. Luat Cdn bg, cong chdc, 2008. </i>
<i>2. Ludt Viin chdc, 2013. </i>
<i>3. Dodn Trgng Truyen: Nhd nUdc vd td chdc hdnh phdp cda cdc nUdc tubdn, NXB Khoa hoc vd Ky thudl, Hd Ndi, </i>
<i>1993 </i>
<i>4. Trudng Dgi hgc Ludt Hd Ngi: Gido trinh lich sd nhd nudc vd phdp ludt Viet Nam, NXB Cong an nhdn ddn, Hd </i>
<i>Ngi, 2003 </i>
<i>5. Nguyin Trgng Dieu: Ve chi'do cong vu Viit Nam, NXB Chinh trj qudc gia, Hd Noi, 2007. </i>
Ngay nh$n bai: 22/8/2018
Ngay phan bien danh gia va su'a chffa: 1/9/2018
Ngay cha'p nhSn dang bai: 12/9/2018
<i>Thdng tin tdc gid: </i>
TS. TRJNH VIET TIEN
Khoa Quan tri ngudn nhSn luTc, Trif&ng Dai hpc N6i vu Ha Npi
Hanoi University of Home Affairs
ABSTRACT:
The recruitment of civil servants and officials plays an important role in the public
administration of the State. Choosing an appropriate civil servants and officials recruitment
model is a matter for every country. There are many recruitment models which are implemented
effectively. It is necessary for Vietnam to choose and apply a recruitment model that is suitable
die countrys conditions. This article is to present some advantages and disadvantages of the
recruitment mode based on employment system which is implemented in some developed
countries. Based on these analyses, the article proposes some recommendations for applying this
model in Vietnam.